MANE-4030: Elements of Mechanical Design: Worksheet #4

2/3/11: Stress analysis Consider the shaft shown mounted in bearings at A and D and having sheaves at B and C with belt tensions shown. From equilibrium, the reactions at A and D can be determined to be R A = (986.4 j 469.1k) N and R D = (563.6 j 1250.9k) N . You are to determine the critical location on the shaft where the stresses are highest, the values of the stresses at this location, and the principal stresses. Assume a uniform shaft diameter of 25 mm.

dimensions in mm

(a) Draw the shear and moment diagrams in each plane. Also draw the torsion diagram. (b) Where is the bending moment a maximum? Remember, the moment is a vector. (c) Where is the critical location (along the axis of the shaft, i.e. x)? This is where the bending moment and torque are high. Compute the stresses acting on a critical element at this location and sketch the stress element. (d) Construct a Mohrs circle diagram for the stress state at the critical location and determine the principal stresses.

EMD worksheet solutions #4

Feb. 3, 2011 (a) The diagrams are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Here we follow the sign convention used in the textbook (not the same in all books). In our book (Collins), the shear force has the opposite sign of the applied force (so the force in the y direction at A results in a positive shear force Vy , etc.) and the moment, Mz is the integral of the shear force plus any point moments along the way (which would cause jumps in the moment). With this convention, the bending stress along x due to the moment Mz is then xx = MIz y . When the opposite convention is used, the stress is then xx = MIz y . A similar convention is used in the x z plane.

Figure 1: Shear and moment diagrams in x-y plane (left) and x-z plane (right). (b) From Figure 1, we see that the maximum bending moment is at B in the x y plane and at C in the x z plane. From this, we can conclude that the maximum bending moment is at either B

Figure 2: Torque diagram. or C , so we will check both. The overall bending moment is the vector sum of these. M = MB = MC =
2 + M2 Mz y

197.32 + 93.82 = 218.4 N m 187.62 + 84.52 = 205.8 N m

so bending moment is maximum at point B. (c) The critical location alone axis x is point B . Stresses from bending and torsion are: x = Mc 218.4(0.0125) = 142.4 M P a = I ( (0.0254 ))/64 Tc 111(0.0125) = = = 36.2 M P a J ( (0.0254 ))/32

The stress element is shown in Figure 3, with x representing the normal stress caused by the bending moment and representing the shear stress caused by torque.

Figure 3: stress element We could also compute the principal stresses. The Mohrs circle is shown in Figure 4. The

principal stresses are computed as follows: av = 1 (142.4 MPa) = 71.2 MPa 2 R = (71.2 MPa)2 + (36.2 MPa)2 = 79.9 MPa

1 = av + R = 151.1 MPa 2 = 0 3 = av R = 8.7 MPa

Figure 4: Mohrs circle diagram