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mefenamic acid (me fe nam ik) PO 500mg every 6o

Relief of moderate pain when therapy will not exceed 1 week. Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to mefenamic acid, aspirin allergy, and as treatment of perioperative pain with coronary artery bypass graftiung. Use cautiously with asthma, renal or hepatic impairment, peptic ulcer disease, GI bleeding, hypertension, heart failure, pregnancy, lactation.

Therapeutic actions Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; exact mechanisms of action are not known.

CNS: headache, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, fatigue, tiredness, tinnits, opthalmic effects DERMATALOGIC: rash, pruritus, sweating, dry mucous membranes, stomatitis GI: nausea, dyspepsia, GI pain, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, flatulence, ulcers, GI bleed GU: dysuria, renal Impairement HEMATOLOGIC: bleeding, platelet inhibition with higher doses, neutropenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, aplastic anemia, decreased Hgh or Hct, bone marrow depression, menorrhagia RESPIRATORY: dyspnea, hemoptysis, pharangytis, bronchospasm, rhinitis OTHER: pheriperal edema, anaphyloctoid reactions to anaphylactic shock.

Take drug with food; take only the prescribed dosage; do not take the drug longer than 1 week. Discontinue drug and consult your health care provider if rash, diarrhea, or digestive problems occur. Dizziness or drowsiness can occur (avoid driving and using dangerous machinery). Report sore throat, fever, rash, itching, weight gain, swelling in ankles or fingers; changes in vision; black, tarry stools; severe diarrhea, right upper abdominal pain, flulike symptoms.

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methylergonovine malaete (meth ill goe noe vee) Methergine 1 amp IM

Routine management after delivery of the placenta Treatment of postpartum atony and hemorrhage; subinvolution of the uterus Uterine stimulation during the second stage of labor following the delivery of the anterior shoulder; under strict medical supervision

Contraindicated with allergy to methylergonovine; hypertension, toxemia, lactation, pregnancy Use cautiously with sepsis, obliterative vascular disease, hepatic or renal impairement

Therapeutic actions A partial agonist or antagonist at alpha receptors; as a result, it increases the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions.

CNS: dizziness, headache, tinnitus, diaphoresis CV: hypertension, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea GI: nausea, vomiting

This drug should not be needed longer than 1 week. The patient receiving a parenteral oxytocic is usually receiving it as part of an immediate medical situation, and the drug teaching should be incorporated into the teaching about should be incorporated into the teaching about delivery. The patient needs to know the name of the drug and what she can expect after it is administered. You may experience these side effects: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, ringing in the ears (short-term use may make it tolerable). Report difficulty breathing, headache, numb or cold extremities, severe abdominal cramping.

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furosemide (fur oh se mide) 20mg SIVP

Oral, IV: edema associated with heart failure, cirrhosis, renal disease IV: acute pulmonary edema Oral: hypertension

Contraindicated with allergy to furosemide, sulfonamides; allergy to tartrazine (in oral solution); anuria, severe renal failure; hepatic coma; pregnancy; lactation. Use cautiously with SLE, gout, diabetes mellitus.

Therapeutic actions Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the proximal and distal tubules and ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to a sodiumrich dieresis.

CNS: dizziness, vertigo, paresthesias, xanthopsia, weakness, headache, drowsiness, fatigue, blurred vision, tinnitus, irreversible hearing loss CV: orthostatic hypotension, volume depletion, cardiac arrhythmias; thrombophlebitis DERMATOLOGIC: photosensitivity, rash, pruritus, urticaria, purpuria, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme GI: nausea, anorexia, vomiting, oral and gastric irritation, constipation, diarrhea, acute pancreatitis, jaundice GU: polyuria, nocturia, glycosuria, urinary bladder spasm HEMATOLOGIC: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia OTHER: muscle cramps and muscle spasms

Record intermittent therapy on a calendar or dated envelopes. When possible, take the drug early so increased urination will not disturb sleep. Take with food or meals to prevent GI upset. Weigh yourself on a regular basis, at the same time and in the same clothing, and record the weight on your calendar. Blood glucose levels may become temporarily elevated in patients with diabetes after starting this drug. You may have experience these side effects: increased volume and frequency of urination; dizziness, feeling faint on arising, drowsiness (avoid rapid position changes; hazardous acvtivities, like driving; and consumption of alcohol); sensitivity to sunlight (use of sunglasses, wear protective clothing, or use sunscreen); increased thirst (suck on sugarless lozenges; use frequent mouth care); loss of body potassium (a potassium-rich diet or potassium supplement will be needed).

Report loss or gain of more than 1.5 kg in 1 day, swelling in your ankles or fingers, unusual bleeding or bruising, dizziness, trembling, numbness, fatigue, muscle weakness or cramps.

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diphenhydramine hydrochloride (dye fen hye dra meen)

Relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis; allergic conjunctivitis; mild uncomplicated urticaria and angioedema; amelioration of allergic reactions to blood or plasma; dermatographism; adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic reactions Active and prophylactic treatment of motion sickness Nighttime sleep aid Parkinsonism (including drug-induced parkinsonism and extrapyramidal reactions), in the elderly intolerant of more prominent drugs, for milder forms of the disorder in other agegroups, and in combination with centrally acting anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drugs. Syrup formulation: suppression of cough due to colds or allergy

Contraindicated with allergy to antihistamines, third trimester of pregnancy, lactation. Use cautiously with narrow-angle glaucoma, stenosing peptic ulcer, symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy, asthmatic attack, bladder neck obstruction, pyloroduodenal obstruction, pregnancy; elderly patients who may be sensitive to anticholinergic effects.

Therapeutic actions Competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1receptor sites, has atropine-like, antipruritic, and sedative effects.

CNS: drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, headache, blurred vision, diplopia CV: hypotension, palpitations, bradycardia, tachycardia, extrasystoles GI: epigastric distress, anorexia, increased appetite and weight gain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation GU: urinary frequency, dysuria, urinary distention, early menses, decreased libido, impotence HEMAOLOGIC: hemolytic anemia, hypoplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia RESPIRATORY: thickening of bronchial secretions, chest tightness, wheezing, nasal stuffiness, dry mouth, dry nose, dry throat, sore throat OTHER: urticaria, rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration

Take as prescribed; avoid excessive dosage. Take with food if GI upset occurs. Avoid alcohol; serious sedation could occur. These side effects may occur: dizziness, sedation, drowsiness (use caution driving or performing tasks requiring alertness); epigastric distress, diarrhea or constipation (take drug with meals); dry mouth (use frequent mouth care, suck sugarless lozenges); thickening of bronchial secretions, dryness of nasal mucosa (use a humidifier). Report difficulty breathing, hallucinations, tremors, loss of coordination, unusual bleeding or bruising, visual disturbances, irregular heartbeat.

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oxytocin (ox i toe sin) 10 units

Antrepartum: to initiate or improve uterine contractions to achieve early vaginal delivery; stimulation or reinforcement of labor in selected cases of uterine inertia; management of inevitable or incomplete abortion; second trimester abortion Postpartum: to produce uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage Lactation deficiency Unlabeled uses: to evaluate fetal distress (oxytocin challenge test), treatment of breast engorgement

Contraindicated with significant cephalopelvic disproportion, unfavorable fetal positions or presentations, obstetric emergencies that favor surgical intervention, prolonged use in severe toxemia, uterine inertia, hypertonic uterine patterns, induction of augmentation of labor when vaginal delivery is contraindicated, previous cesarean section, pregnancy. Use cautiously with renal impairement.

Therapeutic actions Synthetic form of an endogenous hormone produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary; stimulates the uterus, especially the gravid uterus just before parturition, and causes myoepithelium of the lacteal glands to contract, which results in milk ejection in lactating women.

CV: cardiac arrhythmias, PVCs, hypertension, subarachnoid hemorrhage FETAL EFFECTS: fetal bradycardia, neonatal jaundice, low Apgar scores GI: nausea, vomiting GU: postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture, pelvic hematoma, uterine hypertoxicity, spasm, titanic contraction, rupture of the uterus with excessive dosage of hypersensitivity HYPERSENSITIVITY: anaphylactic reactions OTHER: maternal and fetal deaths when used to induced labor or in first or second stages of labor; afibronogenemia; severe water intoxication with seizures and coma, maternal death (associated with slow oxytocin infusion over 24 hr; oxytocin has antidiuretic effects)

The patient receiving parenteral oxytocin is usually receiving it as part of an immediate medical situation, and the drug teaching should be incorporated into the teaching about the delivery. The patient needs to know the name of the drug and what she can expect after it is administered.

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hydralazine hydrochloride (hye dral a zeen)

Oral: essential hypertension alone in combination with other drugs Parenteral: severe essential hypertension when drug cannot be given orally or when need to lower BP is urgent Unlabeled uses: reducing afterload in the treatment of heart failure, severe aortic insufficiency, and after valve replacement (doses up to 800 mg tid)

Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to hydralizine, tatrazine, (in 100-mg tablets marketed as Apresoline); CAD, mitral valvular rheumatic heart disease (implicated in IM) Use cautiously with CVAs; increased intracranial pressure (drug-induced BP decrease increases risk of cerebral ischemia); severe hypertension with uremia; advanced renal damage; slow acetylators (higher plasma level may be achieved; lower dosage may be adequate); lactation, pregnancy, pulmonary hypertension

Therapeutic actions Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasodilation, primarily arteriolar, decreasing peripheral resistance; maintains or increases renal and cerebral blood flow.

CNS: headache, peripheral neuritis, dizziness, tremors; psychotic reactions characterized by depression, disorientation or anxiety CV: palpitations, tachycardia, angina pectoris, hypotension, paradoxical pressor response, orthostatic hypotension GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, paralytic ileus GU: difficult micturation, impotence HEMATOLOGIC: blood dyscrasias HYPERSENSITIVITY: rash, urticaria, pruritus; fever, chills, anthralgia, eosinophilia; rarely, hepatitis, obstruvtive jaundice OTHER: nasal congestion, flushing, edema, muscle cramps, lymphadenophaty, splenomegaly, dyspnea, lupuslike syndrome, possiblr carcinogenesis, lacrimation, conjunctivitis

Take this drug exactly as prescribed. Take with food. Do not discontinue or reduce dosage without consulting your health care provider, You may experience this side effects: dizziness, , weakness (these are most likely when changing position, in the early morning, after exercise, in hot weather, and when you have consumed alcohol; some tolerance may occur; avoid driving or enganing in skills that require alertness; change position slowly; use caution in climbing stairs; lie down for a while if dizziness persist); GI upset ( eat frequent small meals) ; constipation, impotence; numbness, tingling (vitamin supplements may ameliorate symptoms); stuffy nose. Report persistent or severe constipation; unexplained fever or malaise, muscle or joint aching; chest pain; rash; numbness; tingling.

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nifedipne (nye fed i peen)

Angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm (Prinzmetals variant angina) Chronic stable angina (effort-associated angina) ER preparation only: treatment of hypertension Orphan drug use: treatment of interstitial cystitis Unlabeled uses: anal fissures, urethral stones, topical use to improve wound healing

Contraindicated with allergy to nifedipine Use cautiously with lactation, pregnancy, HF, aortic stenosis.

Therapeutic actions Inhibits the action of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells; inhibition of transmembrane calcium flow results in the depression of impulse formation in specialized cardiac pacemaker cells, in slowing of the velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse, in the depression of myocardial contractility, and in the dilation of coronary arteries and arterioles and peripheral arterioles; these effects lead to decreased cardiac energy consumption, and increased delivery of oxygen to myocardial cells.

CNS: dizziness, light headed, headache, asthenia, fatigue, nervousness, sleep disturbances, blurred vision, weakness, tremor, mood change CV: peripheral edema, angina, hypotension, arrhythmias, AV block, asystole DERMATOLOGIC: flushing, rash, dermatitis, pruritus, urticaria GI: nausea, diarrhea, constipation, cramps, flatulence, hepatic injury OTHER: nasal congestion, cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, muscle cramps, joints stiffness, sexual difficulties

Do not chew, cut, or crush extended-release tablets. Swallow whole. Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this drug; it can cause increased toxicity You may experience these side effects: nausea, vomiting (eat frequents small meals); dizziness, light-headedness, vertigo (avoid driving and operating dangerous machinery; take special precaution from falling); muscle cramps, joint stiffness, sweating, sexual difficulties, (reversible) Report irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, swelling of the hands or feet, pronounced dizziness, constipation.

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cefuroxime (se fyoor ox eem) PO 500mg BID x 7 days

Lower respiratory caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, E. coli, klabsiella pneumonia, H. influnzae, S. pyogenes Dermatolic infevtions caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter UTIs caused by E. coli, K. pneumonia Uncomplicated and disseminated gonorrhea caused by N. gonrrheae Septicemia caused by S. pneimoniae, H. influenza, E. coli, K. pneumonia, H. influnzae Meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae, H. influnzae, S. aureus, N. meningitidis Bone and joint infections due to S. aureus Perioperative prophylaxis Treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis in patients 3 months-12 years

Contraindicated with allergy tp cephalosporins or penicillins. Use cautiously with renal failure, lactation, pregnancy.

Therapeutic actions Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatotoxicity GU: nephrotoxicity HEMATOLOGIC: bone marrow depression (decreased WBC, decreased platelets, decreased Hct) HYOERSENSITIVITY: ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis; serum sickness action LOCAL: pain, abscess at injection site, phlebitis, inflammation at IV site OTHER: superinfections, disulfiramlike reaction with alcohol

Avoid alcohol while taking this drug and for 3 days after because severe reaction occur. You may experience these side effects: stomach upset or diarrhea. Report severe diarrhea, difficulty breathing, unusual tiredness or fatigue, pain at injection site.

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magnesium sulfate (mag nee zee um)

Acute nephritis (children), to control hypertension IV: hypomagnesemia, replacement therapy IV or IM: preeclampsia or eclampsia PO: short-term treatment of constipation PO: evacuation of colon for rectal and bowel examinations To correct or prevent hypomagnesemia in ute asthma; patients on p arenteral nutrition Unlabeled uses: inhibition of premature labor (parenteral), adjunct treatment of exacerbations of acute asthma; treatment torsades de pointes, atypical ventricular arrhytmias

Contraindicated with allergy to magnesium products; heart block, myocardial damage; abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or other symptoms of appendicitis; acute surgical abdomen, fecal impaction, intestinal and biliary tract obstruction, hepatitis. Do not give during 2 hour preceding delivery because of risk of magnesium toxicity in the neonate. Use cautiously with renal insufficiency.

Therapeutic actions Confactor of many enzyme systems involved in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability; prevents or controls seizures by blocking neuromuscular transmission; attracts and retains water in the intestinal lumen and distended the bowel to promote mass movement and relieve constipation.

CNS: weakness, dizziness, fainting sweating (PO) CV: palpitations GI: excessive bowel activity, perianal irritation (PO) METABOLIC: magnesium intoxication (flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and CNS depression---parenteral); hypo calcemia with tetany (secondary to treatment of eclampsia---parenteral)

Use only as a temporary measure to relive constipation. Do not take if abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting occurs. You may experience diarrhea with oral use. If this occurs, discontinue drug and consult your health care provider. Report flushing, sweating, muscle tremors or twitching, inability to move extremities.

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tramadol hydrochloride (tram ah doll)

Relief of moderate to moderately severe pain Relief of moderate to severe chronic pain in adults who need around-the-clock treatment for extended periods (ER tablets) Unlabeled uses: premature ejaculation; restless leg syndrome

Contraindicated with allergy to tramadol or opoids or acute intoxication with alcohol, opoids, or psychoactive drugs. Use cautiously with pregnancy, lactation; seizures; concomitant use of CNS depressants, MAOIs, SSRIs, TCAs; renal impairement; hepatic impairement.

Therapeutic actions Binds to mu-opoids receptors and inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin; causes many effects similar to the opoids--dizziness, somnolence, nausea, constipation--- but does not respiratory depressant effects.

CNS: sedation, dizziness or vertigo, headache, confusion, dreaming sweating, anxiety, seizures CV: hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia DERMATOLOGIC: sweating, pruritus, rash, pallor, urticaria GI: nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, flatulence OTHER: potential for abuse, anaphylactic reactions

Do not crush, cut, chew ER tablets; swallow them whole You may experience these side effects: dizziness, sedation, drowsiness, impaired visual acuity (avoid driving or performing task requiring alertness); nausea, loss of appetite (lie quietly, eat frequent small meals). Report severe nausea, dizziness, severe constipation.

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ranitidine hydrochloride (ra nye te deen)

Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcer at reduced dosage Short-term treatment and maintenance therapy of active, benign gastric ulcer Short-term treatment of GERD Pathologic hypersecretory conditions (eg, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) (adults only) Treatment of erosive esophagitis Treatment of heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

Contraindicated with allergy to ranitidine, lactation Use cautiously with impaired renal or hepatic function, pregnancy

Therapeutic actions Competitively inhibits the action of histamine at the H2 receptors of the parietal cells of the stomach, inhibiting basal gastric acid secretion and gastric acid secretion that is stimulated by food, insulin, histamine, cholinergic agonists, gastrin , and pentagastrin.

CNS: headache, malaise, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia,vertigo CV: tachycardia, bradycardia, PVCs (rapid IV administration) DERMATOLOGIC: rash, alopecia GI: constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hepatitis, increased ALT levels HEMATOLOGIC: lekopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia LOCAL: pain at IM site, local burning or itching at IV site OTHER: arthralgias

Take drugs with meals and at bed time. Therapy may continue for 4-6 weeks or longer. If you also are using antacid, take it exactly as prescribed, being careful of the times of administrations Have regular medical followup to evaluate your response. You may experience these side effects: constipation or diarrhea (request aid from your health care provider); nausea, vomiting (take drug with meals); enlargement of breasts, impotence or decreased libido (reversible); headache (adjust lights and temperature and avoid noise). Report sore throat, fever, unusual bruising or bleeding, tarry stools, confusion, hallucinations, dizziness, severe headache, muscle or joint pain.

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cefradoxil (sef a drox ill) PO 500mg BID

UTIs caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klabsiella species Pharyngitis, tonsillitis caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphylococci, streptococci

Contraindicated with allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins. Use cautiously with renal failure, lactation, pregnancy

Therapeutic actions Bactericidal: inhibits the formation of bacterial cell wall, causing the cells death.

CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, pseudomembranous colitis, hepatoxicity GU: nephrotoxicity HEMATOLOGIC: bone marrow depression HYPERSENSITIVITY: ranging from rash to fever to anaphylaxis; serum sickness reaction OTHER: superinfections

Take this drug only for this infection; do not use to treat other problems; complete full course of therapy, even if you feel better. Refrigerate the suspension. And discard the unused portion after 14 days; shake suspension well before each use. You may experience these side effects: stomach upset, loss of appetite, nausea (take drug with food) diarrhea, headache, dizziness. Report severe diarrhea with blood, pus, or mucus; rash; difficulty breathing; unusual tiredness, fatigue; unusual bruising or bleeding.

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keterolac tromethamine (kee toe role ak) 15mg IV every 6

o

Short-term management of pain (up to 5 days) Ophthalmic: relief of ocular itching due to seasonal conjunctivitis and relief of postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery

Contraindicated with significant renal impairement, during labor and delivery, lactation; patients wearing soft contact lenses (ophthalmic); aspirin allergy; concurrent use of NSAIDs; active peptic ulcer disease, recent GI bleeding; hypersensitivity to keterolac; as prophylactic analgesic before major surgery; treatment of perioperative pain in CABG; suspected or confirmed cerecrovascular bleeding hemorrhagic diathesis, incomplete hemostasis, high risk of bleeding; use with probenecid, pentoxyphylline. Use cautiously with impaired hearing; allergies, hepatic, CV and GI conditions.

Therapeutic actions Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity; inhibits prostaglandins and lekotriene synthesis.

CNS: headache, dizziness, somnolence, insomnia, fatigue, tinnitus, ophthalmologic effects DERMATOLOGIC: rash, pruritus, sweating, dry mucous membranes GI: nausea, dyspepsia, GI pain, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, flatulence, gastric or duodenal ulcers GU: dysuria, renal impairement HEMATOLOGIC: bleeding, platelet inhibition with higher doses, neutropenia, eosinophilia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia, aplastic anemia, decreased Hgb or Hct, bone marrow depression, menorrhagia RESPIRATORY: dyspnea, hemoptysis, pharangytis, bronchospasm, rhinitis OTHER: peripheral edema; anaphylactoid reaction to anaphylactic shock; local burning, stinging (ophthalmic)

Every effort will be made to administer drug on time to control pain; dizziness, drowsiness can occur (avoid driving or using dangerous machinery); burning and stinging on application (ophthalmic). Do not use ophthalmic drops with contact lenses. Report sore throat, fever, rash, itching, weight gain, swelling in ankles or fingers; changes in vision; black, tarry stools, easy bruising.

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ferrous sulfate (fair us)

Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemias Dietary supplement of iron Unlabeled use: supplemental use during epoetin therapy to ensure proper hematologic response to epoetin

Contraindicated with allergy to any ingredient: sulfite allergy; hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, hemolytic anemias Use cautiously with normal iron balnce; peptic ulcer, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis.

Therapeutic actions Elevates the serum iron concentration, and is then converted to Hgb or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventual conversion to a usable form of iron.

CNS: CNS toxicity, acidosis, coma and death with overdose GI: GI upset, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dark stools, temporary staining of the teeth (liquid preparations)

Take drug on a empty stomach with water. Take after meals if GI upset is severe (avoid milk, eggs, coffee, and tea) Take liquid preparations diluted in water or juice, and sip them through a straw to prevent staining of teeth. Treatment may not be necessary if cause of several months to reverse anemia. Have periodic blood test during therapy to determine the appropriate dosage. Do not take this preparations with antacids or tetracyclines. If these drugs are needed, they will be prescribed. You may experience these side effects: GI upset, nausea, vomiting (take drug with meals); diarrhea or constipation; dark or green stools. Keep this drug out of reack of children. Report severe GI upset, lethargy, rapig respirations, constipation.

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methyldopa (meth ill doe pa)

Hypertension IV methyldopate: acute hypertensive crisis; not drug of choice because of slow onset of action Unlabeled use: hypertension of pregnancy

Contraindicated with hypersensitive to methyldopa, active hepatic disease, previous methyldopa therapy associated with liver disorders. Use cautiously with previous liver disease, renal failure, dialysis. Bilateral cerebrovascular disease, pregnancy, lactation.

Therapeutic actions Mechanism of action not conclusively demonstrated; probably due to the drugs metabolism, which lowers arterial BP by stimulating CNS alpha2adregernic receptors, which in turn decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS.

CNS: sedation, headache, asthenia, weakness (usually early and transient), dizziness, light-headedness, symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency, paresthesias, parkinsonism, Bells palsy, decreased mental acuity, involuntary choreoathetotic movements, psychic disturbances CV: bradycardia, prolonged carotid sinus hypersensitivity, aggravation of angina pectoris, paradoxical pressor response, pericarditis, myocarditis, orthostatic hypotension, edema DERMATOLOGIC: rash seen as eczema or lichenoid eruption, toxic epidermal necrolysis fever, lupuslike syndrome ENDOCRINE: breast enlargement, gynecomastia, lactation, hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, glactorrhea, impotence, failure to ejaculate, decreased libido GI: nausea, vomiting, distention, constipation, flatus, diarrhea, colitis, dry mouth, sore or black tongue, pancreatitis, sialadenitis, abdominal liver function tests , jaundice, hepatitis, hepatic necrosis HEMATOLOGIC: positive Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow depression, leucopenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, positive tests for antinuclear antibody, lupuslike syndrome, and rheumatoid factor. OTHER: nasal stuffiness, mild arthralgia, myalgia, septiclike syndrome

Take this drug exactly as prescribed; it is important that you not miss doses. You may experience these side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, light-headedness, headache, weakness (often transient; avoid driving or engaging in tasks that require alertness); GI upset (eat frequent small meals); dreams, nightmares, memory impairement (reversible); dizziness, lightheadedness when you get up (get up slowly; use cautious when climbing stairs); urine that darkens on standing (expected effect); impotence, failure of ejaculation, decreased libido; breast enlargement, sore breasts. Report unexplained, prolonged general tiredness; yellowing of the skin or eyes; fever; bruising; rash.

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cephradine (sefra-deen) PO 500mg every 6o x 7days

Serious respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin infections Otitis media

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins Infants <1 month

Therapeutic actions Bactericidal effects for the following: gram-negative bacilli Haemophilus influnzae, E. coli, Proteis mirabilis, Klebsialla; grampositive organisms Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus

CNS: headache, dizziness, weakness, paresthesia, fever, chills, seizures (high doses) GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, pain, glossitis, bleeding; increased AST, ALT, bilirubin, LDH, alkaline phosphatase; abdominal pain, pseudomembranous colitis GU: proteinuria, vaginitis, pruritus, candidiasis, increased BUN, nephrotoxicity, renal failure HEMA: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, pancytopenia, hemolytic anemia INTEG: rash, urticaria, dermatitis RESP: dyspnea SYST: anaphylaxis,StevenJohnson syndrome

Advise patient to contact prescriber if vaginal itching, loose foul-smelling stools, furry tongue occur, may indicate superinfection. Instruct patient to take all medication prescribed for the length of time ordered. Advise patient to notify prescriber if diarrhea with blood, pus, mucus, which may indicate pseudomembranous colitis.

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scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide) Buscopan 1 amp TIV q1 x 3 doses

To reduce preoperatively. To prevent nausea and vomiting from motion sickness.

Contraindicated in patients with angleclosure glaucoma, obstructive disease of GI tract, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease, myasthemia gravis, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony, unstable CV status in acute hemorrhage, or toxic megacolon. Transderm-Scop is contraindicated in patients allergic to scopolamine and other belladonna alkaloids. Use cautiously in patients with autonomic neuropathy, hyperthyroidism, coronary artery disease, arrhytmias, heart failure, hypertension, hiatal hernia with reflux esophagitis, hepatic or renal disease, or ulcerative colitis. Also use cautiously in patient in hot or humid environments because of drug-induced heartstroke. Use Transderm-Scop cautiously in patients with liver or renal impairement, pyloric obstruction, or urinary bladder and neck obstruction.

Therapeutic actions Relives spasticity, nausea, vomiting; reduces secretions; and blocks cardiac vagal reflexes.

CNS: confusion, delirium, disorientation, drowsiness, dizziness, fever, hallucinations, headache, irritability, restlessness CV: flushing, palpitations, paradoxical bradycardia, tachycardia EENT: blurred vision, difficulty swallowing, dilated pupils, increased intraocular pressure, photophobia GI: constipation, dry mouth, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting. GU: urinary hesitancy, urine retention RESPIRATION: bronchial plugging, depressed respirations SKIN: contact dermatitis, dryness, rash with transdermal patch.

Tell patient about P.O. or P.R. forms. Advised patient to refrain from activities that require alertness until drugs CNS effects are known. Instruct patient to report signs of urinary hesitancy or urine retention. Recommend use of sugarless gum or hard candy to help minimize dry mouth.

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ACTIONS

SIDE EFFECTS

NURSING INTERVENTION