Robert H. Dodds, Jr. (and many others!

)
M.T. Geoffrey Yeh Endowed Chair, Emeritus Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Research Professor Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Tennessee, Knoxville
August 2013

 Open source*, 3D nonlinear FEA code for solid mechanics

http://code.google.com/p/warp3d/

Solids subjected to static, dynamic, thermal loadings Many features for fracture mechanics simulations Ready-to-run executables for complete problem solution & output Not a framework requiring further work by users before solving problems Extensive parallel execution via threads and threads+ MPI Runs the same on laptops

desktops

supercomputers

Routinely used to solve nonlinear solids models with 500K nodes/elements on desktops; much larger models (1-5 M) nodes on supercomputers/clusters
*University of Illinois/NCSA, Open Source License. License text is Copyright (c) 2012 University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign.
Key provision of license: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the Software), to deal with the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so. (see full license in WARP3D distribution)
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 Evolved from DARPA sponsored research at Illinois on software architectures for parallel execution of FEA codes (1989-1995) Internal code architecture fixed in 1999-2000 from this research Internal design to maximize parallel performance using element blocks and domains: MPI ranks to process domains, threads to process blocks and local vectorizable loops inside threads Focus on limited feature set for robust 3-D nonlinear analyses of fatigue & fracture in structural materials Solid and interface elements: no 2-D, no shells, no plates, no beams Clean, modern design with comparatively small source code @ 140K LOC. Manageable by a small group.
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do i = 1, span c if( .not. yield(i) ) cycle g = shear_mod_vec(i) aps_n = history_n(i, 3) k_n = history_n(i,2) Q_bar = mm_props(i,1) b = mm_props(i,2) H_bar = mm_props(i,3) gamma = mm_props(i,5) sig_tol = mm_props(i,6) c rel_tol = sig_tol * sigyld_vec(i) c & mean_stress = ( stress_n(i, 1) + stress_n(i,2) + stress_n(i, 3) )/three dev_stress_n(1) = stress_n(i,1) - mean_stress dev_stress_n(2) = stress_n(i,2) - mean_stress dev_stress_n(3) = stress_n(i,3) - mean_stress dev_stress_n(4) = stress_n(i,4) dev_stress_n(5) = stress_n(i,5) dev_stress_n(6) = stress_n(i,6) alpha_n(1:6) = history_n(i,6:11) c & c devdeps(1) devdeps(2) devdeps(3) devdeps(4) devdeps(5) devdeps(6) c c c c c & = = = = = = deps(i,1) - mean_deps deps(i,2) - mean_deps deps(i,3) - mean_deps deps(i,4) deps(i,5) deps(i,6) mean_deps = ( deps(i, 1) + deps(i,2) + deps(i, 3) )/three

Commercial software (Nastran, Abaqus, Ansys, ) not designed originally for parallel execution: efforts to back design still continuing Best software architecture for parallel FEA codes not obvious in early 1990s; hardware concepts were changing rapidly

Open-source research code with best practices to support graduate education worldwide: there is no substitute for writing code in the process of learning mechanics Highly targeted feature set (e.g. FGMs, crack extension, Gurson models, cohesive models) supporting sponsored student research on challenging fracture issues Abaqus is great; we use it in research. But students never see the code !
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29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

compute the fraction of the step that is purely elastic and update the stress_s vector to include the additional elastic components. also update devdeps. call mm05_fa_elastic_fraction( g, dev_stress_n, alpha_n, devdeps, eta, k_n, iout, felem, gpn, i, prior_linear(i))

42 c /Users/rdodds/Desktop/untitled text.f Page 2 of 2 43 c8/25/13 use 9:50:02 only one and return (for debugging) Saved: PMsubstep Aug 25, 2013 Printed For: Robert Dodds 44 c 45 call mm05_fa_nsteps(1, devdeps, dev_stress_n, alpha_n, aps_n, 46 & g, Q_bar, b, H_bar, gamma, sigyld_vec(i), 47 & stress_1step, alpha_1step, aps_1step, lambda_1step, 48 & sig_t, alpha_sm1, norm_equiv_sm1,iout,gpn,felem, i, step, 49 & iter, signal_flag, adaptive_possible, cut_step_size_now) 50 c 51 stress_np1(i,1:6) = stress_1step(1:6) 52 history_np1(i,1) = lambda_1step 53 history_np1(i,2) = root2third*(sigyld_vec(i) + 54 & Q_bar*(one-exp( -b*aps_1step ))) 55 history_np1(i,3) = aps_1step 56 history_np1(i,5) = H_bar 57 history_np1(i,6:11) = alpha_1step(1:6) 58 trial_stress(i,1:6) = sig_t(1:6) 59 return 60 end if 61 c 62 call mm05_fa_nsteps(1, devdeps, dev_stress_n, alpha_n, aps_n, 63 & g, Q_bar, b, H_bar, gamma, sigyld_vec(i), 64 & stress_1step, alpha_1step, aps_1step, lambda_1step, 65 & sig_t, alpha_sm1, norm_equiv_sm1,iout,gpn,felem, i, step, 66 & iter, signal_flag, adaptive_possible, cut_step_size_now)

 Key research sponsors over past 15+ years:

NASA (Ames, MSFC) U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Navy (Carderock) Oak Ridge National Laboratory DoD, DoE through graduate fellowships Nathan M. Newmark & M.T. Geoffrey Yeh Endowed Faculty Chairs at Illinois

Platforms (all 64-bit)

Linux: threads only, threads + MPI [RedHat, Ubuntu, SuSE] Windows: threads only, W7, W8 Mac OS X: threads only, 10.8.x We use compilers, MPI libraries & math libraries from Intel to build WARP3D. Intel MPI is required to run WARP3D for threads + MPI on Linux. Intel compilers are not required to use the ready-to-run executables in the WARP3D distribution WARP3D is written using features of Fortran 90, 95 and 2003
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 WARP3D is a FEA analysis engine. It runs from the command prompt in a shell window or a batch job management system WARP3D does not have a GUI to create solid geometrymeshes or to post-process results We depend on excellent commercial, open-source and homegrown software for these activities Commercial examples*: Patran, FEACrack (Quest Reliability, Inc), TrueGrid, FEMAP, Hypermesh, Non-commercial examples: Cubit, ParaView, Gmsh,

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[rdodds]$ cd example_problems_for_READMEs [~/warp3d_project/example_problems_for_READMEs] [rdodds]$ warp3d_OSX 12 <<< -- start with 12 threads >> Running Mac OS X (64) version of WARP3D... OpenMP + threaded MKL solver >> Starting WARP3D in foreground... ******************************************************************* ** ** ** ** ** W W AAAAA RRRRRR PPPPPP 33333 DDDD ** ** W W A A R R P P 3 3 D D ** ** W W A A R R P P 3 D D ** ** W W A A R R P P 3 D D ** ** W W W AAAAAAA RRRRRR PPPPPP ---- 3333 D D ** ** W W W A A R RR P 3 D D ** ** W W W A A R RR P 3 3 D D ** ** WWW WWW A A R RR P 33333 DDDD ** ** ** ** Mac OS X (64-bit) -dev- Release: 17.4.2 ** ** Code Build Number: 2460 (7/22/2013) ** ** University of Illinois Dept. of Civil Eng. ** ** Today: Sat Aug 10 13:45:12 2013 ** ** ** ** ** ** NOTICE: ** ** Use of Program Implies Agreement With ** ** Terms and Conditions Set Forth in File ** ** "license_agreement". Enter the WARP3D ** ** Command "license" to Display License. ** ** ** ** Limits this version: ** ** nodes: 1000000 elements: 1000000 ** ** ** ******************************************************************* *input from file test_18a *input from file test_18a >>>>> input file is: test_18a c c c ductile crack growth in a shallow notch se(b)

WARP3D takes input for the mesh, material properties, loading, compute and output commands from one or more text files (like Abaqus .inp files) WARP3D system has a translator to convert Patran neutral files to WARP3D input. WARP3D writes Patran-style result files. Translates these to Exodus II if needed.
*WARP3D developers have no financial or other agreements with any commercial company
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 Solids: 8, 9, 12, 15, 20 node (hex) isoparametrics; 4, 10 node tets; all with face, temperature, body loadings Interface-cohesive: 8-node quad, 6,12-node triangles Static, impact/dynamic (time-history integration) Finite-strain plasticity (mises, crystal plasticity, deformation plasticity, hydrogen effects, Gurson-Tvergaard, strain-rate dependent, Frederick-Armstrong & Generalized cyclic, temperature dependent, etc.) Fully automatic crack growth modeling (element death, CTOA and user controlled node release, interface-cohesive, adaptive solution strategies) J-integral computation (domain formulation with all features) Advanced interaction integrals (KI-KII KIII, T-stress, including FGMs) Rigid-body contact (no friction) Functionally graded materials (linear and nonlinear)
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Ini/ally"Zero"

(3,9)"
2 = 0

1 = 0

1 =

A1 A

1 +
A1 A2 A3

(2,8

9" 3" 12" 6" 7" 1"

S+

3 = 0

11"

(1,7)"

8" 2"

t2 n

t1
10" 4"

5"

X2

Parametric"Coordinates"of"Nodes" 1 2 Node"
1,7 2,8 3,9 4,10 5,11 6,12 1 0 0 1/2 0 1/2 0 ! 1! 0! 1/2! 1/2! 0!

X1 X3

Default:""7pt_rule"

3mpt_rule"&"3pt_rule"also"av

Automatic tied contact User-control over nonlinear solution strategy, convergence Adaptive nonlinear solution strategies Full restart support Solvers:
Pardiso (direct, iterative) in Intel Math Kernel Library for threaded parallel execution Hypre iterative (from LLNL) for MPI + threads on Linux
UILU$ENG$95$2012-

Packet-based output for user post-processing User-routines

Abaqus compatible UMAT and UEXTERNALDB interfaces USER_NODAL_LOADS for runtime definition of loading just before a new load (time) step USER_SOLUTION_PARAMS enables user to set any parameter controlling the nonlinear solution algorithms and the incremental loading for the next (time) step

CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDIES

STRUCTURAL RESEARCH SERIES NO. 607

ISSN:-0069$4274-

WARP3D-Release 17.4.1
3-D Dynamic Nonlinear Fracture Analyses of Solids Using Parallel Computers
By# # Brian#Healy,#Arne#Gullerud,#Kyle#Koppenhoefer,# Arun#Roy,#Sushovan#RoyChowdhury,# Ma<#Walters,#Barron#Bichon,#Kris@ne#Cochran,# Adam#Carlyle,#James#Sobotka,#Mark#Messner## and#Robert#Dodds#
University*of*Illinois*at*Urbana1Champaign*

Interactive and batch Execution Documentation (updated Theory & User Guide online)
*See appendex for additional capabilities/details on J-integrals and crack growth modeling

A#Report#on#Research#Projects#Sponsored#by#the# U.S.#NUCLEAR#REGULATORY#COMMISSION# OFFICE#OF#NUCLEAR#REGULATORY#RESEARCH# DIVISION#OF#ENGINEERING# WASHINGTON,#D.C.# # NASASAMES#RESEARCH#CENTER# MOFFETT#FIELD,#CALIFORNIA# # NASASMARSHALL#SPACEFLIGHT#CENTER# HUNTSVILLE,#ALABAMA# # OAK#RIDGE#NATIONAL#LABORATORY# OAK#RIDGE,#TENNESSEE# # DEPARTMENT#OF#CIVIL#&#ENVIRONMENTAL#ENGINEERING# UNIVERSITY#OF#ILLINOIS#AT#URBANASCHAMPAIGN# # July#2013#

h<p://code.google.com/p/warp3d/#

 Growth and coalescence of discrete voids in a J2 plastically deforming metal at finite strains 1 layer of 3D, 20-node elements in thickness direction (for simplicity of example) Plane-strain constraints with constrained exterior as shown leads to so-called uniaxial plane-strain model at the macroscale Imposed uniform extension over top surface Alternate loading: internal pressure in one or both voids (included in input but not used) Reactions at top nodes give nominal (continuum) stress. Displacement on top surface gives nominal (continuum) strain. Nominal stress peaks then drops as voids grow Examine internal plastic flow, growth towards coalescence Illustrates key components of analyses with WARP3D
9

Yg
2.0
Xg
2 @ 0.2
r = 0.1

1.6

=1

E = 500

= 0.3

Initial porosity: f0 = 0.02 Thickness: 0.1

Meshing:
Built with Patran Output to a neutral file (sizes, coordinates, connectivities) Translated to a WARP3D (text) input file (warp3d.inp) using patwarp program (in WARP3D distribution) Edited this file to add material properties, constraints, tweak nonlinear solution parameters, add compute and output commands

Material: incremental Mises with segmental definition of uniaxial true stress-log strain curve. Isotropic hardening. Finite strains. Solution: ran model on 2012 MacPro (2 x 6-core X5675 processors). 200 load steps (increments) of imposed displacements on top surface. Load peaks before step 50 and continues to decrease as voids grow. Wall clock time (secs): 1 thread, 1118; 2 threads, 619; 4 threads, 378; 8 threads, 268 (494 global Newton iterations) Post-processing: WARP3D outputs Patran-style nodal results files (displacements, strains, stresses). Use pat2exii program to build .exo file for ParaView to examine results. pat2exii included in WARP3D distribution.

Nodes: 41,647 Elements: 5,800

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Nominal stress: reaction force on top surface nodes / undeformed area of top surface Nominal strain: imposed / 2.0 (height) Figures show deformed mesh at true scale At step 200 (strain = 0.065), coalescence is imminent
Step 50: "N = 0.025

2.67
2.00
1.33
0.67
0

N ominal stress,

f = f0 + " f0 = 0.020
N,

"N

" 0.8

0.6
0.4
0.2

N ominal strain, "N

Step 50: "N = 0.025

0.0

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Use a C, c, ! or # in column 1 followed by a blank to indicate a comment line Blank lines and spaces ignored Names of most things are truncated by WARP3D at 8 characters (material number can have 24 cars) A $ terminates actual input data on a line Commands continue with comma Can use multiple, nested input files for convenience:
*input from data_part_1 *input from data_part_2 (use quotes if file name has special characters, e.g. . # ! ?) *input from data _part_3

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

! structure holes ! stress-strain curve 1 0.002 1.0, 0.007 1.17, 0.013 1.30, 0.023 1.42 0.033 1.52, 0.043 1.57, 0.063 1.66, 0.124 1.84, 0.204 1.97, 50.0 33 #

$ E / sig-o = 500

material a533b properties mises e 500 nu 0.3 curve 1 rho 0.0

Nodes, elements numbered sequentially Segmental - curve: strains are total values
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number of nodes 41647 elements 5800 c 22 elements 23 1-5800 type q3disop nonlinear material a533b, 24 order 2x2x2 center_output short 25 c 26 *input from 'coordinates.inp' 27 *input from 'incidences.inp' 28 c 29 constraints 30 plane z = 0 w = 0 31 plane z = 0.1 w = 0 32 plane x = -0.6 u = 0 33 plane x = 1.0 u = 0 34 plane y = -1.0 v = 0 35 plane y = 1.0 v = 0 36 c 37 plane y = 1.0 v = 0.004 $ nominal gross strain = yield 38 c 39 loading unit_pressure_holes 40 element loads 41 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106, 42 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226, /Users/rdodds/Desktop/zz Page 2 of 2 43 241 256 271 286 2101 2116 2131 2146, Saved: 8/10/13 5:24:33 PM Aug 10, 2013 Printed For: Robert Dodds 44 2161 2176 2191 2206 2221 2236 2251 2266,
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

2281 3551 3671 3791 4411 4531

2296 3566 3686 3806 4426 4546

2311 3581 3701 3821 4441 4561

2326 3596 3716 3836 4456 4576

2341 3611 3731 4351 4471 4591

2356 3626 3746 4366 4486 4606

2371 3641 3761 4381 4501 4621

2386, 3656, 3776, 4396, 4516, 4636 face 6 pressure 1.0

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Printe

c loading test nonlinear step 1-75 constraints 0.25 step 76-200 constraints 0.1 c nonlinear analysis parameters solution technique sparse direct maximum iterations 5 $ newton iterations minimum iterations 2 convergence test norm res tol 0.005 $ tight nonconvergent solutions stop adaptive on linear stiffness for iteration one off batch messages on cpu time limit off material messages off bbar stabilization factor 0.0 consistent q-matrix on time step 1.0e06 trace solution on extrapolate on display tied mesh mpcs off c list "top-nodes" y = 1.0 c c *input from 'compute_output.inp' stop

English-like commands Most words may be abbreviated at a few characters Most options in a command may be given in any order Use either case letters (file names should be lower-case) Decimal points are not required if there is no fraction Data items must be separated by at least one blank Lists of integers may have the form:
<start> - <end> by <increment> where the increment may be (+,-). also <end> may be less than <start>

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

User-defined lists of nodes-elements maybe used anywhere integer lists maybe used

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PATRAN, FEMAP, FEACrack, Cubit, ...

Draft WARP3D input (ASCII) Translator: patwarp.exe patran.out.#

(neutral file: ASCII)

Text Editor (notepad, vi, emacs,) WARP3D input

(ASCII)

warp3d.exe <input > output

Patran Compatible Results

(Binary and/or ASCII) patran.out.#
(neutral file: ASCII)

Packets
(Binary)

Printed Results
(ASCII)

Restart
(Binary)

PATRAN, FEMAP, FEACrack,

14

pat2exii.exe .exo for ParaView & others

(binary)

Specified once
(generally this order)

Repeat as needed

Structure id Material specifications Model size (# nodes, elements) Element specifications Nodal coordinates Element incidences (connectivity) Blocking Crack growth parameters Rigid contact surfaces

Displacement constraints Named loading conditions Nonlinear loading condition Nonlinear/dynamic solution parameters Compute/output requests J compute/output requests Make a restart file

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! structure holes ! stress-strain curve 1 0.002 1.0, 0.007 1.17, 0.013 1.30, 0.023 1.42 0.033 1.52, 1 0.043 1.57, 0.063 1.66, 0.124 1.84, 0.204 1.97, 50.0 33 #

1
$ E / sig-o = 500

Input total strains - not just plastic part. Can put multiple pairs of values per line. Last point used to define small, positive terminal slope. mises is name of the WARP3D built-in material model Default maximum sizes: 1M nodes and 1M elements nonlinear option for finite strains/rotations. Reduced integration order 8 point rule (2x2x2) Put file name in quotes if it contains spaces, punctuation other than _ (under bar) Add option verify at end to see list of nodes. These constraints are incremental values imposed during each load (time) step. Can use multiplier later. Constraints may be in alternate coordinate systems. Multi-point constraints are supported. Pressure loading inside both voids specified for illustration but not imposed on model in this analysis

material a533b properties mises e 500 nu 0.3 curve 1 rho 0.0 number of nodes 41647 elements 5800 3 c elements 1-5800 type q3disop nonlinear material a533b, 4 order 2x2x2 center_output short c *input from 'coordinates.inp' 5 *input from 'incidences.inp' c constraints plane z = 0 w = 0 plane z = 0.1 w = 0 plane x = -0.6 u = 0 6 plane x = 1.0 u = 0 plane y = -1.0 v = 0 plane y = 1.0 v = 0 c plane y = 1.0 v = 0.004 $ nominal gross strain = yield c loading unit_pressure_holes element loads 7 1 16 31 46 61 76 91 106, 121 136 151 166 181 196 211 226, 241 256 271 286 2101 2116 2131 2146, 2161 2176 2191 2206 2221 2236 2251 2266,

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Page 1 of 1

c loading test nonlinear step 1-75 constraints 0.25 step 76-200 constraints 0.1 c nonlinear analysis parameters 2 solution technique sparse direct maximum iterations 5 $ newton iterations minimum iterations 2 convergence test norm res tol 0.005 $ tight nonconvergent solutions stop adaptive on linear stiffness for iteration one off batch messages on wall time limit off material messages off bbar stabilization factor 0.0 consistent q-matrix on time step 1.0e06 trace solution on extrapolate on display tied mesh mpcs off c 3 list "top-nodes" y = 1.0 c c 4 *input from 'compute_output.inp' save to file 'solution_at_step_200.db' stop

1 1

One nonlinear loading may be defined. Each load step is also a time step. These are the incremental step loads. Step loads maybe re-defined at any time. Loading conditions (patterns) maybe included with the step definition. Analysis parameters may be changed between steps. Request Pardiso solver with factorization on every iteration. Could use Pardiso iterative rather than direct (can be much more efficient) Multiple convergence tests may be specified. Adaptive solutions automatically subdivide steps if needed for global convergence. Wall-time limit used to stop job with restart file if estimated time for step n+1 exceeds value Extrapolating solution from step n to n+1 often improves convergence. User-defined lists of integers may be created using many criteria and used wherever integer values are needed Each compute command may drive solution for 1 or more steps. Output commands are given between load steps. Save makes a complete (binary) restart file. .db extension is not required. Use restart from file as first command in new job to resume solution.

3 5 4

17

coordinates.inp
c! coordinates $ E format is not required, any node ordering ok! *echo off! 1 0.100000000E+01 -0.960198760E+00 0.100000002E+00! 2 0.986666679E+00 -0.100000000E+01 0.100000002E+00! 3 0.100000000E+01 -0.100000000E+01 0.500000008E-01! .! .! .! 41646 -0.600000024E+00 0.242678121E+00 0.100000002E+00! 41647 -0.600000024E+00 0.242678121E+00 0.000000000E+00! *echo on! c !

compute_output.inp
compute displacements for loading test step 1! *input from 'get_results.inp'! ! compute displacements for loading *input from 'get_results.inp'! ! compute displacements for loading *input from 'get_results.inp! *input from 'get_results.inp! compute displacements for loading *input from 'get_results.inp'! ! compute displacements for loading *input from 'get_results.inp'! ! test step 5!

test step 10!

test step 195!

test step 200!

incidences.inp
c! incidences $ any element ordering ok! *echo off! 1 18230 18242 19070 19058 18228 18245 19056 18232 18226 18240 19068 19055! 2 18242 18256 19084 19070 18246 18259 19074 18245 18244 18254 19082 19068! .! .! .! 5799 150 143 12 19 146 10 14 17 144 141 9 16! 5800 143 138 7 12 136 5 4 10 134 135 3 9! *echo on! c ! c! blocking automatic $ recommended for most c ! *echo on!
18

get_results.inp
18229 18243 18241 18257 18241 19054 18255 19072 19069 18231 19083 18243 19057,! 18227,! 19069,! 18240,! output output output output displacements 5377! reactions "top-nodes"! patran formatted displacements! patran formatted strains!

149 8 142 2

142 13 137 1

11 15 6 8

18,! 148,! 11,! 141,!

- The .inp extension is not required - Nodes must be numbered sequentially - Elements must be numbered sequentially

all analyses!

WARP3D started from a shell window

OS X, Linux most often a Bash shell Windows: DOS command prompt or Bash shell under Cygwin* environment

Set number of threads on OS X, Linux, Windows (Bash)^

$ export OMP_NUM_THREADS=<value>! $ export MKL_NUM_THREADS=$OMP_NUM_THREADS!

The WARP3D distribution directory has 3 Bash shell scripts to aid in starting the threaded version of the code: warp3d_script_linux_openmp! warp3d_script_mac_os_x! warp3d_script_windows! ! Modify these as needed for your workflow

Set number of threads on Windows command prompt shell^

$ set OMP_NUM_THREADS=<value>! $ set MKL_NUM_THREADS=<value>!

Pass input-output files via standard shell redirection.

$ warp3d.exe < input_file > output_file !

Include & at end for background execution Start with no files for interactive execution
$ warp3d.exe! *We highly recommend the free Cygwin project for Windows to provide a Linux type working environment: http://www.cygwin.com

19

^Default uses number of threads available on hardware

Contributors to WARP3D Source Code

Brian Healy Arne Gullerud Kyle Koppenhoefer Arun Roy Sushovan RoyChowdhury Matt Walters Jason Petti Barron Bichon Kristine Cochran Yueming Liang Adam Carlyle Kyoungsoo Park James Sobotka Mark Messner Congrui Jin Greg Thorwald

Robert H. Dodds, Jr:

http://cee.illinois.edu/faculty/robertdodds

WARP3D code:

http://code.google.com/p/warp3d

Additional Information

 3-D Implementation using domain integrals Small-strains, finite strains, large rotations Kinetic energy and acceleration effects included (rapid crack growth near sound speed not treated) Crack face loadings included Thermal loadings & anisotropic properties treated properly FGMs handled properly Definitions of domains:
User controlled (nodal q-values, element lists) Automatic construction of q-values, element lists

 Physical process
Node Release at critical CTOA or user request Element extinction at critical porosity or plastic strain Interface elements w/cohesive properties Crack fronts tracked automatically Growth at multiple fronts simultaneously

Growth models adaptively control load step size

Properly models the physical process of separation Improves numerical convergence properties of solution

 All 3-D, all permit non-uniform growth Node release at specified value of CTOA
Linear traction-separation model during node release

Gurson-Tvergaard void growth model:

Element extinction at specified void fraction Linear traction-separation model for final extinction

Stress-modified critical strain: mises plasticity prior to growth at critical stress-strain combinations
Linear traction-separation model for final extinction

Interface-cohesive elements:
Zero thickness interface elements for hex/tet Variety of nonlinear cohesive constitutive models Element extinction at exhaustion of cohesive tractions