Low Cost and Affordable Housing: Concept to Reality

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

Affordable is a relative term. It is any other housing scheme, which appeals to masses and is affordable to them. The reason why Affordable Housing is a buzz word (especially post recession) is because of ever growing deficit in demand-supply. Generally accepted norms for affordable housing can be defined asa. Dwelling Unit size varying from 600 sqft to 1200 sqft

Vachan Singh Assistance Vice President (Engg.)

b. Selling price is the range of Rs.10 Lacs to Rs. 20 Lacs per unit

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

The concept of affordable housing starts with the very basic of selecting a suitable and affordable land, efficient architectural design and then further evolves with the construction technologies adopted and material used. The Affordable mass housing technologies selected should be local environment specific, using indigenous materials and based on the following criteria Economy

As per the survey and study conducted by Tata Housings research team. Many workers in industrial units stay far away from their work place . Most of these people stay in rented accommodations. They would prefer to have affordable houses close to the industries. There is also a large population which wants to own a house even if it is far from a CBD/Town provided there are cheap commuting means available.

Easy to Replicate Structurally Stable

Challenge - Low Cost Land

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

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Major Challenges in the development of Affordable Housing are Low Cost Land

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To arrive at sound and stable Structure Designs Limited precedence of use of new material and technology (out of R&D), for mass scale application/implementation Lack of Good structural consultants in India

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Developing efficient Architecture Design which shall appeal to the end user

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Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost Following principles were adopted while designing
PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

a) Planning efficiency such as common area, Ground coverage and Density b) Perimeter Efficiencies c) Shared Surfaces d) Materials e) Planning of Services

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

SHARED SURFACES

MATERIALS

PLANNING OF SERVICES

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

SHARED SURFACES

SHARED SURFACES

MATERIALS

MATERIALS

PLANNING OF SERVICES

PLANNING OF SERVICES

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

SHARED SURFACES SHARED SURFACES MATERIALS MATERIALS PLANNING OF SERVICES PLANNING OF SERVICES

Floor planning to maintain a high perimeter efficiency. Perimeter efficiency is a measure of the ratio between the length of enclosing walls to the floor area of a space. For example, the total length of walls enclosing the area of 100 Sq.Ft in shape 1. is 40 feet while for enclosing the same 100 Sq.Ft in shape 2 the value is 104 feet.
10 ft X 10 ft. 1

50 ft X 2 ft.

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost

Challenge Efficient Architectural Design to reduce cost Use of cost effective and environment friendly material like- local stone for stairs, ceramic tiles for floors, concrete door and window frames, CLC blocks, Reinforced hollow blocks. Precast structural members.

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PLANNING EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

PERIMETER EFFICIENCIES

SHARED SURFACES

SHARED SURFACES

MATERIALS

MATERIALS

PLANNING OF SERVICES

PLANNING OF SERVICES

Challenge Efficient Structure Design Realistic structural modeling and Dynamic Analysis of structure- is efficient way of structure design as compared to use of empirical methods and equations

Challenge - Technology

Challenge - Technology

Challenge - Technology

Challenge - Technology

Efficient Formwork Recycling

Group of 10 G+3 building structures produced in 80 to 100 days equal in volume to the 30 storey structure on the left. Formwork repetitions for wall are 3 to 4 times more than for the vertical struc ture and hence 3 to 4 times cheaper. Vertical cycling of coupled wall and slab aluminum formwork in a 30 s torey high structure, Formwork repetition 30 times and total time at 10 days per vertical cycle is 300 days.

Top left: Rat Trap Bond (potential 22 % saving in masonry walls). Top Right : Filler slab (using terracotta pots) potential 20 % saving in concrete slab- Auroville. Left: Filler slab using terracotta hollow blocks and terracotta wall units in a not so low cost building Made Popular in India by Laurie Baker. Can be used in common facilities and community spaces.

Wall forms move horizontally in two day cycles, independent of slab and then jump up one level

Use of Light Weight prefabricated and customized form work systems. Such as Aluminum, Plastic etc. The cost of formwork is reduced drastically if there is a mass replication of units and designs. The quality of finished surface and time reduction is another advantage of using these formwork systems.

Efficient form work Systems

Low Cost and Affordable Housing The Sustainability 1. Follows the IGBC Green Homes Requirements 2. Passive energy strategies

Peri Grid flex system ideal for left in place linings. Typical Aluminum floor and wall formwork.

3. Water conservation by Rain water harvesting 4. Material use efficiencies 5. Grey water Recycling 7. Alternate Materials Such as CLC, Fly Ash, Concrete Door And Window frame etc 8. Solar Lighting

Low cost high speed Fuvi Coppha plastic formwork used for walls.

9. Energy Efficient Equipment and Lighting Fixtures etc

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

Low Cost & Affordable Township by Tata Housing

Low Cost and Affordable Townships by Tata Housing, across India are being developed based on all these parameters Low cost Land converted into a Developable Land Efficient Architectural Planning and Designs Optimized and stable Structural Designs Use of Innovative and Alternate Material Innovative Material Procurement practices Continuous Value Engineering in Design and Construction Improvement on Sustainability parameters

Low Cost & Affordable Township by Tata Housing

To Conclude;

Low Cost and Affordable Housing Conclusion

There is no singular, direct or simple route to develop an affordable housing. Also there is no single line approach to cost reduction. This is achieved by > Continuous introspection of design efficiencies. > New ways of looking at old issues. > Efficiency in Procurement and other Disciplines. > Innovation in Construction Technologies > Innovation in Project Management

Low Cost and Affordable Housing

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