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Chemistry Outline Mr. Cook

I N T R O D U C T I O N COURSE GO ALS CONTACT INFORMATION

Course Goals
A primary focus of the work done within Chemistry focuses on developing the scientific literacy of students, encapsulated within the following goals: 1. Applying chemistry to todays global society and everyday life; 2. Experiencing and understanding basic chemical principles including atomic theory, the mole concept, kinetic molecular theory, chemical reactions, thermochemistry, electrochemistry, and bio/organic chemistry; 3. Becoming a reflective practitioner, critically thinking like a chemist about experiences, readings, etc - asking what does it mean, how do we know, why do we believe, and why should I care. 4. Becoming more self-aware as a learner. 5. Having an enjoyable experience! To keep in touch as a community outside of the classroom, we utilize a learning management system called Schoology (http://www.schoology.com). Schoology provides an excellent avenue for the organization of course materials, as well as providing opportunities for asynchronous interactions via threaded discussions. All homework activities are posted to Schoology, and students access content via the site daily. Below is my contact information. Please feel free to e-mail or call with questions. While I cant guarantee I will be immediately available on e-mail or by phone, I can guarantee Ill follow-up ASAP. Office Phone: (212) 933-6554 Email: pcook@nightingale.org

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C O U R S E UNIT THEMES

S E Q U E N C E

Below is the course sequence including bulleted list of objectives. Lab activities are subject to change, and times are approximated.

Part I: The Scientific Process (9 days) Distinguish physical and chemical changes Distinguish types of mixtures Distinguish elements and compounds Know the main element symbols and names Distinguish reactants and products Understand the conservation of mass Use Scientific Notation in applications and conversions Recognize the amount of significance in measurements and calculations Use the metric system and know the basis factors and units Know and apply the definition of density Use the factor label method in problem solving

Part II. Description of Chemicals

(12 days)

Describe the parts of the atom, including relative mass, size and position Define and apply the concepts of atomic number and mass number Relate the definitions of isotopes and mass number and be able to determine one from the other Describe the models of Dalton, Thompson and Rutherford and relevant experiments in determining atomic structure Know the names of the common groups and basic structure of the periodic table Distinguish molecular and ionic compounds and their properties Know the symbols, formulas and charges for common monoatomic and polyatomic ions Derive formulas of ionic compounds from their charges Name molecules, ionic compounds and acids from their formulas Derive formulas of molecules, ionic compounds and acids from their names Define Mole and how it applies to the number, the mass and the gaseous volume of chemicals Determine the molar mass of any compound and relate it the mole Determine, from its percent composition, the empirical formula of any molecule, and then, from the molar mass, its molecular formula

Cook

10/1/2013

Part III : The Chemical Reaction

(9 days)

Translate chemical equations from words to formulas and back Balance equations Classify reaction type as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement or combustion Translate double replacement reactions into net ionic reactions Know basic solubilities of ionic compounds to predict double replacement reactions Predict products of chemical reactions based upon reaction type Using balanced equations, describe mole to mole relationships Using balanced equations, convert molar quantities to mass quantities and back

Part IV: States and Change

(13 days)

Describe the Kinetic Molecular Theory Define pressure, it's units and be able to apply them Relate kinetic energy, temperature, and distribution of molecular speeds Describe and contrast the processes of evaporation and condensation Define vapor pressure and relate it to boiling point Describe the process of melting, freezing and sublimation Describe the relationship between state, pressure and temperature in phase diagrams Define and contrast heat and energy Relate chemical potential energy to endothermic and exothermic reactions Define and be able to apply the concepts of heat capacity and specific heat capacity Define and be able to apply the concepts of Heats of Fusion, Vaporization and solution Understand Hess's Law and, using Standard Heats of Formation, be able to calculate heats of reaction Be able to describe the properties of gases with regard to amount, volume, temperature, and pressure Know and be able to apply the Gas Laws, including Boyle's, Charles', Guy-Lusssac's Know and be able to apply the Ideal Gas Law and it's departures Apply Dalton's and Graham's Law

Cook

10/1/2013

Part V: Electrons and Reactions:

(10 days)

Describe how the description of electrons has changed over the past century Give the electron configuration for all elements, given their atomic number Discuss the basic nature of waves Recall the fundamental categories of the electromagnetic spectrum and how they differ Explain the photoelectric effect and it's implication to quantum mechanics Explain the emission and absorption of light by the elements Give the basic concepts of the quantum mechanical model of electron behavior Give the valence electron configuration of any element given it's period and group Describe and explain changes in atomic size, ionization energy and electronegativity in the periodic table (10 days)

Part VI: Bonding

Convert electron configurations of atoms into appropriate (noble gas) configurations for anions and cations Write correct chemical formulas for ionic compounds based on it's electron configuration Know the properties of metallic bonds and they affect the properties of metals Know different alloys and how they vary from their parent metals Develop Lewis Dot structures for atoms in molecules including single, double and triple bonds and exceptions Define and give examples of coordinate covalent bonding Define Bond Dissociation Energy and know how it varies with different atoms Define, and give examples of resonance Describe molecular orbitals, including sigma and pi bonds, antibonding orbitals, and hybridization Know the VSEPR theory, and how it influences molecular shape Understand how bond polarity is determined by electronegativity Understand how molecular shape and bond polarity can influence molecular polarity Know different types of van der Waals forces including Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole and Hydrogen Bonding

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10/1/2013

Part VII: Aqueous Reactions (9 days) Know the properties of water including shape, polarity, surface tension and specific heat capacity Understand how water can changes phases and the energy required Understand the process of solvation Define, and be able to give examples of electrolytes and how the formation of electrolytes can vary. Define, and be able to give examples of hydrates Compare and contrast solutions, suspensions and colloids Define solubility, and know how it can vary with solids and liquids Define, and be able to use Henry's Law Know the measures of solubility, including molarity, and percent solutions Understand how colligative properties (vapor pressure, boiling point, and melting point can change with solutions

Part VIII: Kinetics and Equilibrium( 8 days) Define and calculate reaction rates Model chemical reactions on the basis of collision theory Recall and use examples of factors affecting reactions rates including activation energy, temperature, concentration of solutions (and pressure for gases), particle size, and the presence of catalysts or inhibitors Give examples of reversible reactions Define equilibrium and the conditions necessary for equilibrium to occur Recite Le Chatelier's Principle and be able to apply it in reactions with changes in temperature, concentration and pressure Give the formula for the equilibrium constant and be able to apply it for determining concentrations Define entropy and how to calculate it Define Free Energy ( Demonstrate how reaction mechanisms can be used to explain rate laws

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10/1/2013

Part IX: Acid-Base Chemistry (8 days) Recognize and name common acids and bases Understand the self-ionization of water as an equilibrium reaction with the constant Kw Define and be able to manipulate the units of measure pH and pOH Describe different methods for measuring pH including indicators and instruments Define, give the relevant equations and examples of Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acids Distinguish strong and weak acids and bases and be able to cite common examples Define and be able to manipulate the weak acid and base constants K a and Kb Understand the process of titration in neutralization reactions and be able calculate appropriate variables Define conjugate acids and bases, and relate them to the properties of acidic and basic salts Define and be able to manipulate the solubility product constant K sp and it relationship to the common ion effect (8 days)

Part X: Redox

Define oxidation and reduction Describe the process of corrosion as an example of oxidation Assign oxidation numbers to elements in compounds in oxidation-reduction reactions and how they change Balance oxidation-reduction reactions and isolate the half-reactions Describe both the physical and electrochemical aspects of electrochemical cells, including voltaic cells, dry cells, lead-acid batteries, and fuel cells Define Standard Reduction Potentials and how they are determined Calculate the reduction potentials in electrochemical cells Describe both the physical and electrochemical aspects of electrolytic cells including those for water, brine and molten sodium chloride Describe the process of electroplating

Part XI: Organic Chemistry

(8 days)

Know and be able to apply the rules of organic nomenclature Be able to represent organic structures through chemical formulas, complete, condensed and skeletal structural formulas Understand the manner in which organic molecules vary in their physical properties (boiling point, melting point and vapor pressure), and how the relative value of those properties can be predicted Be able to derive structural isomers of a compound given its chemical formula Know be able to give examples of common organic reactions including substitution, addition, oxidation-reduction reactions, addition and condensation polymerization.

Cook

10/1/2013

Cook

10/1/2013