1

BinomialDistribution
Experimentinvolvesnidenticaltrials
Eachtrialhasexactlytwopossibleoutcomes:successandfailure
Eachtrialisindependentoftheprevioustrialspistheprobabilityofasuccessonany
onetrialq=(1p)istheprobabilityofafailureonanyonetrialpandqareconstant
throughouttheexperiment
Xisthenumberofsuccessesinthentrials
Applications
Samplingwithreplacement
Samplingwithoutreplacementn<5%N

PoissonDistribution
Describesdiscreteoccurrencesoveracontinuumorinterval
Adiscretedistribution
Describesrareevents
Eachoccurrenceisindependentanyotheroccurrences.
Thenumberofoccurrencesineachintervalcanvaryfromzerotoinfinity.
Theexpectednumberofoccurrencesmustholdconstantthroughouttheexperiment.

ApproximationofBinomialDistribution
. acceptable is ion approximat the , 7 and 20 If s > p n n . Use p n =

( )
n X
X n X
n
X P
q p
X n X
s s

=

0 for
! !
!
) (
p n =
q p n
q p n
= =
=
o o
o
2
2
) logarithms natural of base (the ... 718282 . 2

:
,... 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 for
!
) (
=
= = =
= =

e
stddev mean average run long
where
X
X
X P
e
X

HypergeometricDistribution
Samplingwithoutreplacementfromafinitepopulation
ThenumberofobjectsinthepopulationisdenotedN.
Eachtrialhasexactlytwopossibleoutcomes,successandfailure.
Trialsarenotindependent
Xisthenumberofsuccessesinthentrials

ApproximationofBinomialDistribution
Thebinomialisanacceptableapproximation,ifn<5%N.Otherwiseitisnot.

UniformDistribution

NormalDistribution

2
+
=
Mean
b a

Standard Deviation
o =
b a
12
N
n X
=
o o
o
2
2
2
) 1 (
) ( ) (
=

=
N
n N n X N X
N
( )( )
C
C C
N
n
X N
x n
X
x
x P

= ) (

s s

=
es other valu all 0
1
) (
for
b x a for
a b
x f
a b
X P
x x
x x

= s s
1 2
2 1
) (
. . . 2.71828
. . . 3.14159 =
X of deviation standard
X of mean
:
2
1
) (
2
2
1
=
=
=
|
.
|

\
|
=

e
Where
x
x f
e
t
o

t o
o

=
X
Z
3

Exponen
C
Fa
S
X
A
St
P
o
Approximatio
Conve
Doest
notus
Corre
Solve

ntialDistribu

ontinuous
amilyofdist
kewedtoth
X variesfrom
Apexisalway
teadilydecre
robabilityfu

q p n
p n
=
=
o

) ( = X f
(X P >
onofBinomi
ertbinomial
theinterval
sethenorm
ctforcontin
thenormal
ution
tributions
eright
0toinfinity
ysatX=0
easesasXg
unction
q
fo =

e
X
)
e
X
X0

= >
ialDistributi
parameters
+3
alapproxim
nuity
distribution
y
etslarger
, 0 r > > X
X 0
ion
stonormalp
liebetween
ation.
problem
0 >
parameters
n0andn?Ifso,continu

ue;otherwise,do