English

S1
Lesson 2 of 2

Direct and Indirect Speech

Developed by Berthe K.FURAHA 2 x 50 minutes

Exercises Overview

Class group and pairs

This lesson is about direct speech and indirect speech exercises. Learners shall do as many exercises as possible either in pairs or individually. They shall make necessary and correct changes when converting Direct speech to Indirect Speech and vice versa.

Resources needed
Any textbook that has a topic on direct speech or indirect speech

Specific Objectives
Familiarise the learners with interpretation skills. Speak clearly, correctly and appropriately in the target language Express ones feelings and opinions. Develop their fluency in spoken English. Engage in self-learning: reading extensively and intensively using a variety of materials. Express themselves with a minimum of grammatical errors.

Lesson Objectives
Change direct speech into indirect speech and vice versa. Practice as many exercises as possible.

Linked to other subjects

History

Evaluation
At the end of the lesson the learner shall be able to: Change direct speech into indirect speech and vice versa. Practice as many exercises as possible.

Last updated:

September 2011

Vocabulary
Vocabulary Direct speech Indirect speech Definition Repeating or quoting the exact words spoken by someone. Repeating what another person says.

Step 1: Introduction
Duration: 15 minutes Class organisation: Pair work, group work Review the previous lesson by writing an exercise on the chalkboard like: Change the following sentences from direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa: 1. Jack said he would lend me his grammar book if I thought it would help. 2. They said, "We went swimming with our friends." 3. Paul said, My mobile phone helps me. 4. I am going to school soon, said Uwase. Expected answers 1. "I will lend you my grammar book if you think it will help. said Jack. 2. They said (that) they had gone swimming with their friend. 3. Paul said his mobile phone helped him. 4. Uwase said she was going home soon. To introduce the new lesson, ask learners what do you know about direct and direct speech. Write some sentences on the chalkboard: Where have you been?" he said. "Will you come?" she asked me. "Get up!" he said.

Last updated:

September 2011

Ask individual learners to read the above sentences. Turn learners attention on the structure of these sentences by asking what kinds of sentences are these? (Answer), The first one is a direct speech with WH Question, the second one is a direct speech with Yes/No question and the last one is a direct speech with command or the imperative sentence. Ask for one who can change the above sentences in indirect speech? Lets have three different learners write the sentences in indirect speech on the chalkboard: He asked me where I had been. She asked me if I would come. He told me to get up.

Tell learners that they are going to do as many exercises as possible on direct and indirect speech. But, before you give them exercises, remind them about some important things about direct and indirect speech: Tell learners that, 1. when we report someones question, especially wh question, a question becomes a statement. For example: "What time did it start?" he said. He wanted to know what time it had started. "Why won't he do it?" she said. She wondered why he wouldn't do it. 2. when we report a yes/ no question, we use if or whether in questions. If is more common and whether is more formal. For example: "Did he marry Umutoni?" she said. She wondered if/whether he married Umutoni. 3. when we report the commands, requests and advice, they mostly have the same form in English: verb + object + infinitive. For example: "Don't smoke," the doctor warned Senzoga. The doctor warned Senzogar not to smoke. "Please, revise for the test," the teacher said. The teacher urged me to revise for the test. "Put on your coat," I said. I advised him to put on his coat.

Last updated:

September 2011

Step 2: How to conduct the lesson: Activity 1 Exercise: How to change WH Questions
Duration: 15 minutes Class organisation: Pair work, group work, individual work Change the direct questions into reported questions: 1. Who is the Prime Minister of Rwanda? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 2. Where do you usually go swimming? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 3. What does Luke do at the weekend? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 4. Where do your parents live? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 5. Who do you go running with? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 6. When does Lucy get up? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 7. How much TV do you watch? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 8. How many books do they own? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 9. What do the children study on Fridays? She asked me ___________________________________________________ 10. Why do you study English? She asked me ___________________________________________________ Expected answers: 1. She asked me who the Prime Minister of Rwanda was. 2. She asked me where I usually went swimming. 3. She asked me what Luke does at the weekend. 4. She asked me where my parents lived. 5. She asked me whom I went running with. 6. She asked me when Lucy gets up.

Last updated:

September 2011

7. She asked me how much TV I watched. 8. She asked me how many books they owned. 9. She asked me what the children study on Fridays. 10. She asked me why I studied English.

Activity 2 Exercise: How to change Yes/No Questions

Duration: 15 minutes Class organisation: Pair work, group work, individual work Change the direct questions into reported questions: 1. Is John at home? She asked me if ________________________ 2. Am I late? She asked me if ________________________ 3. Is it cold outside? She asked me if ________________________ 4. Are they in Paris? She asked me if ________________________ 5. Is the bus stop near the shopping centre? She asked me if ________________________ 6. Is the milk fresh? She asked me if ______________________ 7. Are you a doctor? She asked me if _________________________ 8. Are James and Lucy from France? She asked me if ___________________________ 9. Is my brother in the garden? She asked me if ___________________________ 10. Does Julie drink tea? She asked me if ___________________________ Expected answers: 1. She asked me if John was at home. 2. She asked me if she was late. 3. She asked me if it was cold outside.

Last updated:

September 2011

4. She asked me if they were in Paris. 5. She asked me if the bus stop was near the shopping centre. 6. She asked me if the milk was fresh. 7. She asked me if I was a doctor. 8. She asked me if James and Lucy were from France. 9. She asked me if her brother was in the garden. 11. She asked me if Julie drank tea.

Activity 3 Exercise (mixed): How to change Statements, Questions, Requests and Orders
Duration: 20 minutes Class organisation: Pair work, group work, individual work Change the direct speech into reported speech. Choose the past simple of ask, say or tell: 1. Dont do it! She ______________________________________________________________ 2. Im leaving tomorrow She ______________________________________________________________ 3. Please get me a cup of tea She ______________________________________________________________ 4. She got married last year She ______________________________________________________________ 5. Be quick! She ______________________________________________________________ 6. Could you explain number four, please? She ______________________________________________________________ 7. Where do you live? She ______________________________________________________________ 8. We went to the cinema and then to a Chinese restaurant She ______________________________________________________________ 9. Ill come and help you at twelve She ______________________________________________________________ 10. What are you doing tomorrow? She ______________________________________________________________

Last updated:

September 2011

11. Dont go! She ______________________________________________________________ 12. Do you work in London? She ______________________________________________________________ 13. Could you tell me where the post office is? She ______________________________________________________________ 14. Come here! She ______________________________________________________________ 15. Ive never been to Wales She ______________________________________________________________ 16. Have you ever seen Lord of the Rings? She ______________________________________________________________ 17. I don't like mushrooms She ______________________________________________________________ 18. Don't be silly! She ______________________________________________________________ 19. Would you mind waiting a moment please? She ______________________________________________________________ 20. How often do you play sport? She ______________________________________________________________ Possible answers: (When I used said you can also use told me) 1. She told me not to do it. 2. She said (that) she was leaving tomorrow (the next day). 3. She asked me to get her a cup of tea. 4. She said (that) she got married last year. 5. She told me to be quick. 6. She asked me to explain number four. 7. She asked me where I lived. 8. She said (that) they went (had been) to the cinema and then to a Chinese restaurant. 9. She said (that) she would come and help me at twelve. 10. She asked me what I was doing tomorrow (the day after). 11. She told me not to go. 12. She asked me if I worked in London.

Last updated:

September 2011

13. She asked me to tell her where the post office was. (or: she asked me if I could tell her where the post office was). 14. She told me to come here (there). 15. She said (that) she had never been to Wales. 16. She asked me if I had ever seen The Lord of the Rings. 17. She said (that) she didn't like mushrooms. 18. She told me not to be silly. 19. She asked me to wait a moment. (or: she asked me if I would mind waiting a moment). 20. She asked me how often I played sport.

Activity 4 Exercise (mixed): Changing in direct or indirect speech

Duration: 15 minutes Class organisation: Pair work, group work, individual work Change the following sentences. If they are in direct speech, create indirect speech and vice versa. 1. James said, "I want the best education possible for my children." 2. He told me he had met with the Headmaster of his kids' school to ask for more classes. 3. He complained, "The children at the school don't even have to learn a foreign language." 4. The Headmaster told him that foreign language programs are too expensive. 5. The Headmaster said, "I can't even hire enough teachers to teach the classes we have now." 6. James also told the Headmaster that the school was too dirty. 7. "That's true," the Headmaster said, "but I had to fire a custodian last month because I can't afford her." 8. He asked James why he didn't speak to the city council about raising the school budget. 9. James said, "I didn't know that getting a good education was so complicated." 10. The Headmaster said that he sympathized and hoped that James would continue his interest in quality education. Expected answers: 1. James said he wanted the best education possible for his children. 2. He told me, "I met with the Headmaster of my kids' school to ask for more classes. 3. "He complained that the children at the school didn't even have to learn a foreign language. 4. The Headmaster told him, "Foreign language programs are too expensive." 5. The Headmaster said that he couldn't even hire enough teachers to teach the classes they have now.

Last updated:

September 2011

6. James also told the Headmaster, "The school is too dirty. 7. "That was true, the Headmaster had said, but he said he had had to fire a custodian last week because he couldn't afford her. 8. He asked James, "Why don't you speak to the city council about raising the school budget?" 9. James said he hadn't known that getting a good education was so complicated. 10. The Headmaster said, "I sympathize and I hope that you will continue your interest in quality education." Evaluation The following method shall be used by the teacher to evaluate learners exercises or homework: Method Spelling Correct 2 1 Less than x mistakes Less than x mistakes 0 Not acceptable. More than x mistakes Not acceptable. More than x mistakes TOTAL 2

Grammar

Correct

Conclusion
The lesson emphasised on exercise on direct and indirect speech. Learners did as many exercises as possible in order to master direct and indirect speech.

Homework
Turn the following sentences into indirect speech: 1. He said, "I have eaten my lunch." 2. She said, "I am doing a degree at the university" 3. The teacher said to the class, "Pay attention." 4. My mother said to me, "Buy some bananas for me." 5. My father said to me, "Don't waste your money." 6. She said to me, "Where is the hospital?." 7. My friend said to me. "Don't be late tomorrow." 8. He asked me, "When will the train arrive?" 9. His teacher said to him, "Try to do it by yourself." 10. She asked me, "What are your favourite online games?"

Last updated:

September 2011

11. What do you want? she asked him. 12. Are you coming with us? he asked me. 13. He asked, When do you intend to make the payment? 14. Do you come from China? said the prince to the girl. 15. The poor man exclaimed, Will none of you help me? 16. Which way should I go? asked the little girl. 17. Hadji said to the magician, What have I done to deserve so severe a punishment? 18. Dont you know the way home? I said to her. 19. Do you write a good hand? the teacher said to the student. 20. Have you anything to say on behalf of the accused? said the judge finally. 21. Have you anything to tell me, little bird? asked Ulysses. 22. Who are you, sir, and what do you want? they asked. 23. The king was impressed with the magician and asked, What can I do for you? 24. She asked, What is it that makes you stronger and braver than other men? 25. Can you solve this problem? he asked me. Expected answers: 1. He said that he had eaten his lunch. 2. She said that she was doing a degree at the university. 3. The teacher told the class to pay attention. 4. My mother told/asked me to buy some bananas. 5. My father told me not to waste my money. 6. She asked me where the hospital is. 7. My friend asked me not to be late tomorrow. 8. He asked me when the train will arrive. 9. His teacher told him to try to do it by himself. 10. She asked me what my favourite online games are. 11. She asked him what he wanted. 12. He asked me if I was coming/going with them. 13. He enquired when I/he/she intended to make the payment. 14. The prince asked the girl if she came from China. 15. The poor man exclaimed whether none of them would help him. 16. The little girl asked which way she should go. 17. Hadji asked the magician what he had done to deserve so severe a punishment. 18. I asked her whether she did not know the way home. 19. The teacher asked the student if he/she wrote a good hand. 20. The judge finally asked whether he/she had anything to say on behalf of the accused.

Last updated:

September 2011

21. Ulysses asked the little bird whether it had anything to tell him. 22. They asked who he was and what he wanted. 23. The king was impressed with the magician and asked what he could do for him. 24. She asked him what was it that made him stronger and braver than other men. 25. He asked me if I could solve that problem.

Additional Activity
Work in small groups. Write a conversation between two or more people. Make sure you put some sentences in direct and indirect speech in your conversation. Possible answer: (open)

References
HILARY, THOMPSON (2009) SECONDARY ENGLISH STUDENTS' BOOK 2 FIRST EDITION http://www.e-grammar.org/reported-speech/ http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=168 http://www.kico4u.de/english/uebungen/reportedspeech/statements.htm

Last updated:

September 2011