PS Quiz-1 Solutions Q1 A manufacturer of television sets is concerned with the effect on tube conductivity of three different types of coating

for colour picture tubes. The following are the conductivity data for the three coating types. Coating Type A B C (i) (ii) 143 152 134 Conductivity 141 149 127 150 143 132 146 137 129

Write down a model with all its assumptions taking into account the effect of coating type. Test whether there is a significant difference in conductivity because of coating types. Write down your conclusion and attach with it a measure of uncertainty?

ANS. (i) Model: Xij = i + eij where eij are error term and i = 1, 2, 3 k, j = 1, 2, 3ni Assumptions: a) The response variable is normally distributed b) The variance of the response variable is same for all populations c) The observations must be independent. (ii) H0: A = B = C against H1: Not all population means are equal.

We have x A = 145 , x B = 145.25 , x C = 130.5 , nT = 12 , k = 3 x=

x
j= A

=
C

420 .75 = 140.25 3

j

MSTR =

n
j= A C

( x x)
j

k 1
j

= 2( 142.625 ) = 285.25 = 207.75 = 23.0833 9

MSE =

( n
j= A

1 )s 2 j

nT k

F ratio =

MSTR 285.25 = = 12.3574 MSE 23.0833

ANOVA table

Source Treatment Error Total

SS 570.5 207.75 778.25

DF MSS 2 258.25 9 23.0833 11

F-ratio 12.3574

For = 0.05 and F2, 9 (0.05) = 4.26. Since F > F2, 9 (0.05), we reject our null hypothesis. Q2. A plant distils liquid air to produce oxygen, nitrogen and argon. The percentage of impurity in the oxygen is assumed to be linearly related to the amount of impurities in the air measured by pollution count in ppm (parts per million).

Purity 93.4 92.4 91.7 94.0 93.6 92.9 91.3

Pollution count(ppm) 1.10 1.36 1.59 1.08 1.21 1.22 1.81 (1) Write down the linear regression model for impurity on pollution count. State the model assumptions explicitly. (2) Write down the normal equations. Slove these to find the estimates of the model parameters.

ANS (a) Let Y: Pollution count (PPM) X: amount of purity in the oxygen Model: Y = 0 + 1X + , where 0 and 1 are the parameters involved in the regression and is the error term. Assumptions: a) The error term is a random variable with E() = 0 b) The error term has constant variance , say 2 c) The values of are independent d) The error term is normally distributed i.e, ~ N (0, 2)

The normal equations are given below:

Solving the above, we get the values of the estimates as

b1 =

y = nb + b x xy = b x + b x
0 1 0 1

( x x )( y y ) = 0.2576 and b ( x x )
2

= y b1 x = 25.2345

(b) Let Y: Impurity (100-P) X: PPM b1 = 3.5441 and b0 = 2.4988 (c) Let Y: Purity X: PPM b1 = -3.5441 and b0 = 97 .5012 (d) Let Y: PPM X: Impurity b1 = 0 .2576 and b0 = -0 .5273