7.4 Relative strength of Bronsted- Lowry Acids and Bases 1.

The relative strength of Bronsted- Lowry cid and bases can be determined by measuring two quantites :A) ______________________________________________

B) __________________________________________ 2.What relative strength means ? To compare two or more Bronsted- Lowry cid and bases respectively in terms of
ability to ____ or _____ protons. 3.The relative strength of Bronsted-Lowrys acids means by comparing two or more Bronsted-Lowry acids on the ability to _____ a proton to a base 4.The relative strength of Bronsted-Lowrys means by comparing two or more Bronsted-Lowry on the ability to _______ a proton from an acid. A. Measuring Strength of Bronsted- Lowrys acids and bases using degree of dissociation, a

5.

The degree of dissociation , = [Amount dissociated]

[Original amount]

The degree of dissociation , (fraction) = [Amount dissociated] =

[Original amount]

The degree of dissociation , (percentage) =

6. The_______the degree of dissociation of a acid(or a base) the ________ is the acid/base. 7.The lower the degree of dissociation of an acid(or a base) the ______is the acids (or base) . 8. A stronger acid(or a base) will have ______degree of dissociation to almost ______

compared to a weaker acid (or base).

9. H2S04 /mol dm-3 or NaOH Degree of dissociation/% 0.01 100 0.10 100 1.00 100

Therefore the degree of dissociation of a stronger acid(or base) _____________ to its concentration . 10.
CH3COOH/mol dm-3 0.01 0.10 1.00 Degree of 4.24 1.34 0.42 dissociation/% Therefore the dissociation of a weaker acid(or a base ) is __________ on its concentration . 11. When comparing the strength of weak acids(or weak bases) we must ensure the _____________ of the solutions under investigation are the ________. Types of acids/mol dm-3 Degree of dissociation/% H2SO4 100 HNO2 6.6 CH3COOH 1.34 HSO429.0

We can arrange the four above acids in order decreasing strength : _______________________________________________________ B. Measuring strength of Measuring Strength of Bronsted- Lowrys acids and bases using Acid and Base Dissociation constants, Ka , Kb

12. We can derive the Acid and Base Dissociation constants, Ka , Kb respectively by applying the ____________ _____ .Please refer page 224(text book) B. Derivation of Acid Dissociation constant, Ka for weak monobasic acid. 13. Consider a weak monobasic acid, HA of concentration C mol dm-3 with a degree of dissociation of

Write the reversible ionisation equation for the above dissociation

_____________________________________________________________ Or HA (aq) HO3+ (aq) + A-(aq)

14. Reactants or products /mol dm-3 Initial / mol dm-3 Change in degree of dissociation/mol dm-3 Final / mol dm-3 HA c -c c-c H+ 0 +c 0+c= c A0 +c 0+c= c

=c(1-)

15. By applying The equilibrium law:- Please refer page 224(text book) We get :[H+] [A- ] =dissociation Constant for the acid , Ka [HA] 16. Why the [H2O] is not included in the above equation ? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 17. The acid dissociation, Ka is another form of ___________ __________by applying the equilibrium law. Characteristics of the acid dissociation, Ka 18. Note that ____________weak acid has ____________ magnitude of Ka . 19.The strength of a weak acid is measure by the dissociation constant (Ka ) of the acid. The _________the magnitude of Ka ,the ____________the acid

the greater the extent of dissociation. 20.The magnitude of Ka for CH3COOH and other weak acids are usually very _______ . (pls refer page 260 no.5) and page (345-346) 21. Since the values are very small a more convenient way to use the values, is by using pKa to compare the strength of acids where:pKa = ____________ where p=-log10 22. Notice the larger the value of pKa ,the _________the value of Ka ,and the ____________ the acid. Please refer page 260.no.5 23. The acid dissociation constant, like the equilibrium constant is dependent on ____________ . The value use are usually quoted at 25oC(298K) .

Derivation of Base Dissociation constant, Kb for weak base. 24. For a weak base ,B that dissociates in water to equation : B(aq) + H2O(l) HB+(aq) + OH-

By using the same method to derive Ka ,by applying the equilibrium law We get [HB+][OH-] = Kb [B] and p Kb = 25. The characteristic of the value Ka also can be applied to____ the base ,
.

26. The ________the value of Kb, the ______ the value of pKb ,the stronger