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2D/3D
Types of Lattices
One lattice point per unit cell Termed a simple or primitive
Primitive (P)
interior edge
WHY THESE?
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This lattice Now can consider be re-defined edge placement as one of the of aother lattice allowed point. lattices
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Dont Don t confuse lattice point placement with atom placement. Atoms can sit on edge sites. Youll learn why a little later
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face
OF COURSE!
There are 7 crystal systems in 3D. Thus we can define 7 primitive lattices in 3D.
7 primitive Bravais lattices Are there more? OF COURSE!
Can we add additional lattice points to a primitive lattice and still have a lattice with the same shape?
ABSOLUTELY!
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13
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2D rectangular lattices
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b
90 a
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We could define a different lattice {e.g., primitive oblique lattice (shaded)}. The primitive cell obscures the true fact that the lattice has higher symmetry. A mirror image g of the p primitive unit cell is not identical to the original. g A mirror image of the rectangular cell with a lattice point in the center IS identical to the original. It has higher symmetry!
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2-D Synopsis
B C
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Prof. M.L. Weaver
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From point 1 to 2: environment changes by reflection (mirror plane half way in between), if tie vertical pairs of points together you have 2-D Bravais lattice with 6 identical neighbors. Prof. M.L. Weaver
There is also the Wigner-Seitz (WS) cell, which is used to describe the first Brillouin zone of the reciprocal lattice. Brillouin B ill i zones are used d in i band b d theory th to t represent t in i reciprocal i l space the th solutions of the wave equations for the propagation of phonons or electrons in solids.
Figure 2.5 2 5 The construction of a Wigner-Seitz Wigner Seitz cell or Dirichlet region: (a) draw a line from each lattice point to its nearest neighbors; (b) draw a set of lines normal to the first, through their mid-points; (c) the polygon formed (shaded) is the cell required.
Figure 2.9 Wigner-Seitz cells: (a) the body-centered cubic lattice; (b) the Wigner-Seitz cell of (a); (c) the face-centered cubic lattice; (d) the Wigner-Seitz cell of (c). The fcc cubic lattice point marked * forms the central lattice point in the Wigner-Seitz cell.
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Brillouin Zones
A Wigner Wigner-Seitz Seitz primitive cell defined in reciprocal space. Boundaries are planes related to points on the reciprocal space lattice. Importance stems from Bloch wave description of waves in a periodic medium medium. Higher order zones are useful in energy band theory energy-band theory.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brillouin_zone.svg