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2.Diameter Proxy
A Relay agent does NOT inspect the actual contents of the message. When a Relay agent receives a request, it will route messages to other Diameter nodes based on information found in the message, for example, Application ID and Destination-Realm. A routing table (Realm Routing Table) is looked up to find the next-hop Diameter peer.
As a Diameter Relay Agent the DRA accepts requests and routes messages to other Diameter nodes based on information found in the messages (for example Destination-Realm). This routing decision is performed using a list (Realm Routing Table) of supported realms and known peers. Diameter Relay Agents modify Diameter messages by inserting and removing routing information, but they do not modify any other portion of a message.
As a Diameter Proxy Agent the DRA routes Diameter messages using the Diameter Routing Table. However, it also modify messages to meet the recipient Diameter peers requirements. Such feature is essential to ensure Diameter Signaling works between any roaming MNOs when using the Service.
Reference: http://diameter-protocol.blogspot.in/2012/06/realm-based-routing-table.html
Lets see how a typical Realm Based Routing Table look like EXAMPLE:-
Consider Node-A supports four application Ids (1,2,3,4) and all the connections are dynamically configured. Application Ids are advertised in CER/CEA messages. then PeerTable and Realm-Based routing table should contain following entries. PEER TABLE
Expiration Time
REALM ROUTING TABLE Realm-Name Realm-1 Realm-2 Realm-2 Realm -3 Application-Id App-Id-1 App-Id-3 App-Id-4 App-Id-2 Server-Id (NodeName) Node-B Node-E Node-E Node-C LOCAL PROXY PROXY RELAY Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic Dynamic Local Action Node Discovery Expiration Time
Entries are self-explanatory,Now route at all servers can be identified easily. All pertaining to rout is their with the node,Using Realm Name and Application Identifier a message can be sent to destination.
http://www.gsma.com/technicalprojects/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ipxwp12.pdf
Interconnect I-BCF
UE authentication, authorization and registration SIP security SIP encryption SIP message forwarding and routing SIP message manipulation and normalization NAT and firewall
SIP security SIP message forwarding, routing and load-balancing SIP message manipulation and normalization NAT and firewall traversal IPv6-IPv4 interworking Lawful intercept
(signaling)
Media plane
IMS-AGW
Media flow firewalling, filtering, bandwidth control and steering Media flow security Media flow encryption Media flow interworking (SRTP-RTP, MSRPMSRPS, IPv6-IPv4) Lawful intercept (media)
Media flow firewalling, filtering, bandwidth control and steering Media flow security Transcoding Lawful intercept (media)