-Yashaswini R.P.

MCQ________________________________________
1. All the rays passing through the optical centre of a concave lens
will go a) through b) parallel c) undeviated d) through 2F
Ans- c) undeviated

2. If a convergent beam falls on a plane mirror, the image formed is a) real b) virtual c) enlarged d) always virtual
Ans- a) real

3. If the speed of light in a medium is 2x10^8 m/s, its refractive

index is a) 1 b) 2

c) 1.5 d) 0.5
Ans- c) 1.5

4. An object at a distance of 30cm from a concave mirror gets its

image at the same point. The focal length of the mirror is a) -30 b) 30 c) -15 d) +15
Ans- c) -15

5. An object at a distance of +15cm is slowly moved towards the pole

of a convex mirror. The image will get a) short and real b) enlarged and real c) enlarged and virtual d) diminished and virtual
Ans- d) diminished and virtual

6. A student lying on the floor near a swimming pool wants to see an

object at its bottom surface. The angle of incidence of light from the object on the surface of water is called a) incident angle b) critical angle c) emergent angle

d) refraction angle
Ans- b) critical angle

7. The angle of incidence i and refraction r are equal in a

transparent slab when the value of i is a) 0 degrees b) 45 degrees c) 90 degrees d) Depend on the material of the slab
Ans- a) 0 degrees

8. Light from the SUN falling on a convex lens will converge at a

point called a) Centre of curvature b) Focus c) Radius of curvature d) Optical centre
Ans- b) Focus

9. The SI unit of converging ability of a lens is a) cm b) m c) dioptre d) power

Ans- c) dioptre

10. The angle of incidence for a ray of light having zero reflection
angle is a) 0 b) 30 degrees c) 45 degrees d) 90 degrees
Ans- a) 0 degrees

11. The muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil is a) cornea b) ciliary muscles c) iris d) retina
Ans- a) cornea

12. Having two eyes facilitates in

A: Increasing the field of view B: Bringing three dimensional view C: Developing the concept of distance/size The then correct option is/are

a) A only b) A and B only c) B only d) A, B and C

Ans- d) A, B and C

13. Dispersion is due to a) refractive variation shown by the material b) reflecting variation shown by the material c) splitting of light into its constituent colours d) non-parallel surfaces only
Ans- a) refractive variation shown by the material

14. Red light is used for danger signal because a) it has higher wavelength b) it can travel large distance c) it scatters the least d) it scatters the longest
Ans- c) it scatters the least

15. Cataract is due to a) growth of membrane b) milky image c) cloudy image d) weakening of ciliary muscles
Ans- a) growth of membrane

16. Ships are seen in floating in space in cold places. This

phenomena is called a) mirage b) refraction c) looming d) dispersion
Ans- c) looming

17. The photographic film equivalent of our eye is a) iris b) pupil c) retina d) ciliary muscle
Ans- c) retina

18. Path of light through a solution is visible clearly. So the

solution is a) true b) colloidal c) suspension d) dancing
Ans- b) colloidal

19. Tyndall effect is a) reflection

b) refraction c) scattering d) total internal reflection

Ans- c) scattering

20. The odd phenomenon out of the following is a) blue of sky b) reddish sun c) twinkling sun d) water to glass
Ans- a) blue of sky

1 mark_____________________________
21. Name the mirror(s) in which the image of an object placed at
infinity will be highly diminished and point sized?
Ans- Concave mirrors and convex mirrors

22. What is refraction?

Ans- When light enters from one medium into another, we say refraction takes place.

23. Write any one Law of Refraction.

Ans- The incident ray, the normal and the refracted ray, all lie in a plane.

24. Write any one use of convex mirrors.

Ans- Used as rear-view mirrors in automobiles

25. Write the mirror formula.

Ans- 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

26. Which mirror is used as a reflector to concentrate light.

Ans- Concave mirror is used as a reflector to concentrate light.

27. Define pole

Ans- The central point of the reflecting spherical surface is called pole.

28. What is the centre of curvature?

Ans- The point about which the given spherical reflecting surface can be made is centre of curvature (C).

29. What is principal axis?

Ans- The straight line joining the pole and the centre of curvature is called principal axis.

30. Why cant we see the actual depth of a lake?

Ans- We cant see the actual depth of a lake because of the refraction of light on the surface

31. Name the photographic film equivalent of our eye

Ans- Retina

32. Name the liquids which keep our eye soft.

Ans- Aqueous and Vitreous humour

33. Name the type of lens used for correcting two different
refractive errors?
Ans- Bi-focal lens is used for correcting two different refractive errors.

34. How many colours evolve when white light disperses?

Ans- Seven colours evolve when white light disperses.

35. How do you correct the presence of more than one refractive
error in eye?
Ans- It can be corrected by the use of combination of lenses in one frame.

36. What are contact lenses?

Ans- The lenses used in contact with eye to correct the defects in the image formation are called contact lenses.

37. Define looming.

Ans- A type of mirage formed when warmer air lies above the cooler air. Rays of light undergo downward refraction.

38. Name the two types of cells found in the retina

Ans- The cells in retina, are cones and rods

39. What is myopia?

Ans- Inability of the eye in viewing long distance objects is called myopia.

40. What is hypermetropia?

Ans- The inability of the eye in viewing the nearby objects is called hypermetropia.

2 marks____________________________
41. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20cm. What is
its focal length?
Ans- Radius of curvature, R = 20 cm
Radius of curvature of a spherical mirror = 2 Focal length (f) R = 2f f= R/2 = 20/2

=10cm Hence, the focal length of the given spherical mirror is 10 cm.

42. Name the mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of
an object. Draw the ray diagram of it.
Ans- Concave mirror.

43. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in

vehicles?
Ans- It is preferred as a rear-view mirror in vehicles because they give a wider field of view, which allows the driver to see most of the traffic behind him.

44. Write down a formula for the magnification produced by a

spherical mirror in terms of object distance and image distance. Give the meaning of each symbol which occurs in it.
Ans- The linear magnification produced by a mirror is equal to the ratio of the image distance of the object, with a minus sign. That is, Magnification = - Image distance/Object distance Or m= - v/u Where, m= magnification v= image distance u= object distance

45. What is the significance?

a) if the magnification (m) has a positive sign (+) ? b) if the magnification (m) has a negative sign (-) ?
Ans- a) A positive sign (+) in the magnification value indicates that the image is virtual and erect. (it is formed above the principal axis) b) A negative sign (-) in the value of magnification indicates that the image is real and inverted ( it is formed below the principal axis)

46. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What

does this mean?
Ans- The plus sign (+) of the magnification shows that the image is virtual and erect. And the value of 1 for magnification shows that the image is exactly of the same size as the object. So, the magnification of +1 produced by a plane mirror means that the image formed in a plane mirror is virtual and erect, and of the same size as the object.

47. Why is a normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed
closer than 25cm?
Ans- The eye can see the nearby objects because the eye-lens can become more convex due to its power of accommodation. The maximum accommodation of a normal eye is reached when the object is at a distance of 25cm from the eye. After this the ciliary muscles cannot make the eye-lens bulge more. So, an object placed at a distance of less than 25cm cannot be seen clearly by a normal eye because of all the power of accommodation of the eye has already been exhausted.

48.

A student sitting in the last row of the class-room is not able to read clearly the writing on the blackboard.

a) Name the type of defect of vision he is suffering from. b) How can this defect be corrected? Ans- a) He is suffering from a defect of vision called myopia. b)Myopia is corrected by using spectacles containing concave lenses of suitable power

49.

Give the meaning of VIBGYOR. With which phenomenon is it connected?

Ans- The term VIBGYOR represents the seven colours of the spectrum of white light. V=Violet, I= Indigo, B= Blue, G= Green, Y= Yellow, O= Orange and R stands for Red. This term is connected with the dispersion of white light when it passes through a glass prism.

50.

State two effects produced by the scattering of light by the atmosphere.

Ans- i) The blue colour of sky is due to scattering of light by the atmosphere. ii) The red colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset is due to the scattering of light by the atmosphere.

3 Marks___________________________
51. How does a normal eye see objects clearly at various distances?
Ans- A normal eye can focus the images of the distant objects as well as nearby objects on its retina by changing the focal length of its lens by the action of ciliary muscles. The ciliary muscles can change the thickness of the soft and flexible eye-lens which changes the focal length of the eye-lens.

i)

ii)

When the ciliary muscles are relaxed, the eye-lens becomes thin and its focal length increases but its converging power decreases. This low converging power of eye-lens is sufficient to converge the parallel rays of light coming from a distant object to form an image on the retina. This makes us see the distant objects clearly. When the eye is looking at the nearby objects, then the ciliary muscles get stretched, the eye-lens becomes thick, its focal length decreases but its converging power increases. This high converging power of eye-lens can converge the diverging rays of light coming from the nearby objects to form an image on the retina. This enables us to see the nearby objects clearly.

52. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1m. What is the

nature and power of the lens required to correct this defect? (assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25cm)
Ans- The eye defect called hypermetropia is corrected by using a convex lens. So, the person requires convex lens spectacles.

Object distance, u= -25cm Image distance, v= -1 m Focal length, f = ?

1/v- 1/u = 1/f Putting the values in the lens formula, (1/-100) (1/-25) = 1/f -1/100 + 1/25 = 1/f -1+4/100 = 1/f

3/100= 1/f f = 100/3 f = 33.3 cm

53. Why do stars twinkle on a clear night?

Ans- The twinkling of a star is due to the atmospheric refraction of stars light. This can be explained as follows. When the light coming from a star enters the earths atmosphere, it undergoes refraction due to the varying optical densities of air at various altitudes. The atmosphere is continuously changing. The continuously changing atmosphere refracts the light from the stars by different amounts from one moment to the next. When the atmosphere refracts more star light towards us, the star appears to be bright and when the atmosphere refracts less star-light, then the star appears to be dim. In this way, the star-light reaching the star appears to twinkle at night.

54. Why does sky appear blue?

Ans- The scattering of blue component of the white sunlight by air molecules present in the atmosphere causes the blue colour of the sky. This can be explained as follows. The sunlight is made up of seven coloured lights mixed together. When sunlight passes through the atmosphere, most of the longer wavelength lights present in it do not get scattered much by the air molecules and hence pass straight through. The shorter wavelength blue light is, however scattered all around the sky by air molecules in the atmosphere. Whichever direction we look, some of this scattered blue light enters our eyes. Since we see the blue light from everywhere overhead, the sky looks blue.

55. What is Tyndall effect? Explain with an example.

Ans- The scattering of light by particles in its path is called Tyndall effect. When a beam of light enters a dusty room through a window, then its path becomes visible to us. This is because of the tiny dust particles present in the air of room which scatter the beam of light all around the room. And when this scattered light enters our eyes, we can see the beam of light. Thus, an example of Tyndall effect is the way a beam of sunlight becomes visible as it passes through dust particles in the air of a room. Tyndall effect can also be observed when sunlight passes through the canopy of a dense forest. Here, tiny droplets in the mist of scatter sunlight.

56.

What is a spherical mirror? Draw diagrams of the two types of spherical mirrors.
Ans- A spherical mirror is that mirror whose reflecting surface is the part of a hollow place at the concave surface. The spherical mirrors are of two typesConcave mirrors and Convex mirrors.

57. At what distance from a concave mirror of focal length 10cm

should an object be placed so that its real image is formed 20cm from the mirror?
Ans- Object dist. = ? Image dist. = -20cm Focal length= -10cm

Mirror formula=> 1/v + 1/u = 1/f Using mirror formula, (1/-20) + 1/u = 1/10 1/u = -1/10 + 1/20 1/u = (-2+1)/20 1/u = -1/20 Object distance, u = -20cm

58. State the effects produced by the refraction of light which can
be easily observed in our day to day life.
Ans- It is due to the refraction of light when it passes from one medium to another that: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) a stick held obliquely and partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the water surface an object placed under water appears to be raised a pool of water appears to be less deep than it actually is when a thick glass slab is placed over some printed matter, the letters appear raised when viewed from the top a lemon kept in water in a glass tumbler appears to be bigger than its actual size, when viewed from the sides the stars appear to twinkle on a clear night

59. Explain why, planets do not twinkle at night.

Ans- The atmospheric refraction is unable to cause variations in the intensity of light coming from much nearer, bigger planets due to which the planets do not

twinkle at night. The planets appear to be quite big to us. So, a planet can be considered to be a collection of a very large number of point sources of light. The dimming effect produced by some of the point sources of light in one part of the planet is nullified by the brighter effect produced by the point sources of light in its other part. Thus, on the whole, the brightness of a planet always remains the same and hence it does not appear to twinkle.

60. Why does the sun appear red at sunrise and at sunset?
Ans- The sun and the surrounding sky appears red at sunrise and at sunset because at that time most of the blue colour present in sunlight is scattered out and away from our line of sight, leaving behind mainly red colour in the direct sunlight beam that reaches our eyes. At the time of sunrise and sunset when the sun is near the horizon, the sunlight has to travel the greatest distance through the atmosphere to reach us. During this long journey of sunlight, most of the shorter wavelength blue colour present in it is scattered out and away from our line of sight. So, the light reaching us directly from the rising sun or setting sun consists mainly of longer wavelength red colour due to which the sun appears red. Due to the same reason, the sky surrounding the rising sun and setting sun also appears red. Thus, at sunrise and sunset, the sun itself as well as the surrounding sky appear red.