Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
PNEUMATICS
UNIT 5
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
SYLLABUS
Unit-5: Directional Control Val ves: Symbolic representation as per IS 1219 and IS 5599. Design and constructional aspects, poppet valves, slide valves spool valve. Simple Pneumatic control : direct and indirect actuation of pneumatic cylinder, Use of memory valve. Flow control valves and Speed control of cylinders- supply air throttling and Exhaust air throttling use of Quick exhaust valve.
Signal processing elements: Use of Logic gates OR and AND gates in pneumatic applications. Practical examples involving the use of logic gates. Pressure dependent controls-typesconstruction-practical applications. Time dependent controlsprinciple, construction, practical applications . 10 Hrs
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
2
11/9/2010
f unctions: Number of ports on the valves Number of switching positions Method of actuation Method of reset Design and constructional f eatures
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
Outlet port
Spring
Housing
Exhaust port
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
11/9/2010
As per IS-1219
Supply Port P Exhaust Ports R & S Out put Ports A & B Pilot Port [Set ] Z Pilot Port [Reset]Y
As per IS 5599
Supply Port 1 Exhaust Port 3 & 5 Out put Ports2 & 4 Pilot Port [Set] 14 Pilot Port [Reset]12
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
The 5/2 directional control valves, operated by pneumatic impulse is applied in various practical solutions such as: pushing of loads; applying tools for performing operations, opening/closing doors and windows, stretch/bend of robot/manipulator arms.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
11/9/2010
Valve spool
Outlet ports
Control input
Housing
Exhaust port
Exhaust port
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
Symbolic Representation
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
11/9/2010
Methods of Actuation
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
In many applications especially with single acting cylinders, it is a common practice to increase the piston speed during retraction of the cylinder to save the cycle time This is carried out by incorporating a Quick exhaust valve. The Quick exhaust valve has essentially three ports
Supply port 1, is connected to the out put of the final control element (Directional control valve). The Output port, 2 of this valve is directly fitted on to the working port of cylinder. The exhaust port, 3 is left open to the atmosphere
2 1 3
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
10
11/9/2010
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
11
In the indirect control actuation, a pilot signal from a 3/2 N.C. valve is used to activate pilot ports of final control valve.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
12
11/9/2010
Pneumatic cylinders can be directly actuated by actuation of final control valve , manually or electrically
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
13
Large cylinders as well as cylinders operating at high speed are generally actuated indirectly as the final control valve is required to handle large quantity of air.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
14
11/9/2010
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
15
4 14
2 12
5 2 S1 1 3
3 2 S2 1 3
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
16
11/9/2010
maximum speed based on selected size of f inal control valve to the nominal speed depending on the application
Speed control of Pneumatic Cylinders can be conveniently
control valves which can be either Two way f low control valve or One way f low control valve
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
17
pneumatic throttle valve. Throttle valves are used in many pneumatic systems to control air f low.
There are two basic types of throttles - adjustable and non-
adjustable, the adjustable version is the most commonly used. When using adjustable flow-control valves the user can adjust the eff ective throttling area to best suit the air f low needs of the individual application.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
18
11/9/2010
Housing
Regulating screw
Spring
Port 1
Check valve
Port 2
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
19
Component
Double acting cylinder 5/2 DCV Solenoid operated, spring return Throttle check valve
Symbol
Quantity
1
FRL Unit
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
20
10
11/9/2010
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
21
Supply air flows freely to the cylinder through the bypass passage of the non return valve. The
supply air does not under go any throttling Exhaust air leaving the cylinder has to under go throttling as the non return valve is closed in the return direction The piston is loaded between two cushions of air Exhaust throttling should always be used for double acting cylinder Not suitable for small volume cylinders and cylinders with short strokes as effective pressure cannot build up sufficiently.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
22
11
11/9/2010
OR Gate Shuttle Valve Used to select one of the two input signals AND Gate- Two Pressure Valve- To combine two input signals i.e satisfy two conditions at the same time to
NOT Gate- 3/2 way, normally open, pilot operated Directional Control Valve- used to negate the function
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
23
An Input Signal [1] can be applied on either side of the valve to obtain an out put signal at port 2. A small aluminum or plastic ball or spool is used as the shuttle which blocks the port opposite to the input signal.
24
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
12
11/9/2010
Component
Double acting cylinder 5/2 Way Directional Control Valve (Single Piloted) 3/2 way Push button valve (NC)
Numbers
1 1 2
4
5
Shuttle valve
Air Service unit (Filter Regulator assembly)
1
1
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
25
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
26
13
11/9/2010
Input signal applied on any one side of the valve will block the signal passage on the same side of the port.
If a second signal is applied on the opposite side at the same time, it will be communicated to the out put port.
27
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
Component
Double acting cylinder
Numbers
1
2 3
4 5
5/2 Way Directional Control Valve (Single Piloted) 3/2 way Push button valve (NC)
Two pressure valve Air Service unit (Filter Regulator assembly)
1 2
1 1
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
28
14
11/9/2010
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
29
Not Gate is generally used to invert the signal status i. e to negate the signal. For example a normally closed timer or counter can be converted to normally open and vice versa
It is essentially a normally open 3/2 way, pilot operated directional control valve. Input signal is applied at pilot port 10 and out put is taken from port 2.
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
30
15
11/9/2010
Task: The Piston of double acting cylinder of a supply station supplies work pieces under the following logical conditions:
The start button (S0) or an auxiliary button (S1) is actuated and parts are available in the work piece magazine (B2)
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
31
An optical display shows whether there are still enough parts available in the magazine
The cylinder should only retract into its back end position if it has actuation reached the front end position and an acknowledgement button (S4) is actuated.
A 5/2 impulse valve is used as an actuator. Additionally: for scanning work pieces in the magazine (B2) it is not possible lto use a mechanically operated signaler. The scanning should therefore occur in a non-contact manner through a reflex sensor. The working speed of the cylinder should be infinitely adjustable in both directions
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
32
16
11/9/2010
Pneumatic circuit
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
33
Pneumatic Timers
A Pneumatic Timer is a combination valve which consists of three parts 1. 3/2 way pilot operated directional control valve [NC or NO], 2. A one way flow control valve and 3. An accumulator
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
34
17
11/9/2010
Pneumatic Timers
e represents the signal status of input signal a represents the signal status of output signal Output signal appears after lapse of time t after input signal is Introduced in ON delay timer while in OFF delay timer the out put signal disappears after a time lag after input signal is introduced 0 state corresponds to no signal while1 state corresponds to presence of signal
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
35
Signal input is supplied at port 12 and delayed signal out put is taken at 2. A signal source is connected at port 1
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
36
18
11/9/2010
Pneumatic Timers
Notes.NieRoyalMech.com
37
19