ITESM CEM Andrs Tosca Ramrez -A01062850 13/08/2012 Sistemas operativos

1.Kernel - The lowest layer into which a large operating system is divided, each layer dealing with some aspect of the system hardware. The kernel is responsible for allocating hardware resources to the process that make up the operating system and to the programs running under the operating system. it is the only part of an operating system that needs to be proved correct by rigorous program verification: the principal approach to providing the degree of security required in a computer system has been that of designing a secure kernel. 2.Microkernel - A small privileged operating system core that provides process scheduling, memory management, and communication services and relies on other processes to perform some of the functions traditionally associate with the operating system kernel. 3.Risc - Reduce 4.Quantum - The amount of time allocated to an individual process in a *timeslicing process-management system. 5.Multiprogramming - A mode of operation that provides for the interleaved execution of two or more computer programs by a single processor. the same as multitasking, using different terminology. 6.Exokernel - It's a system developed in the MIT which allows developers to "extend" a basic kernel in order to accomplish a specific task, giving a specialized kernel to the task that it being executed, and all this through special "libraries". 7.Interrupt - A break or interruption in a processing sequence. Virtually any computer needs some method of interrupting its processing for a number of reasons. An interrupt is a commonly used technique for handling input and output, where normal computer processing may be broken by a signal from peripheral device. 8.Buffer - The concept of holding or storing information on a temporary basis. A physical storage area used to temporarily store information. A buffer is frequently used to offset the different operating speeds of a computer and its peripheral devices. 9.Dispatcher - Another name for low-level scheduler. 10. Online operation - Operations made to the components directly connected to the CPU.

11. Vector interrupt- An efficient method implemented in hardware for dealing with many different devices, each of which is capable of interrupting and each different type of device requiring a unique interrupt handler. The interrupt vector is an array of interrupt handler locations. 12. Polling - A process in which a computer cheeks each of a number of terminals, in sequence, to determine which of these terminals have data send. Polling permits a number of terminals to be serviced by a single communication channel. It provides each terminal connected to a computer system with a frequent opportunity to send information. 13. Spooling - An acronym adapted from Simultaneous Peripheral Operations OnLine. A buffering technique to make the processing of input and output more efficient. Spooling involves holding data temporarily in a buffer until a computer, printer, or other device is ready to handle this data. The main purpose of spooling is to compensate for the difference in operating speeds between computers and relatively slow peripheral devices. 14. Transitional code- Process code that is expected to be in the main memory for a short time period. 15. Resident code - Process code that is expected to be for a long time, usually involved to the OS. 16. Rentering code - It's the code that can be interrupted in any given time and then called again. 17. Relocatable code - An assembler or compiler built code, which memory references are relative to the current memory. 18. Process - Any systematic sequence of operations or steps designed to produce a desired result. 19. Cache - A small but very high speed memory buffer situated between the processor and main memory in a computer system. It operates on the principle that certain memory locations tend to be accessed very often (normally for reads). 20. Thread - the unit of dispatching. In most operating System, there is a oneto.one correspondence between process and thread. In some operating system, the process is the unit of resource ownership , and the thread represents the execution path through one or more programs.

Bibliography. Illingworth, V. (1983). Dictionary of computing. (p. 393). New York: Oxford. Edmunds, R. (1985). Standard glossary of computer terminology. (p. 489). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Stalling, W. (2001). Operating system. (4rd ed., p. 778). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.