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2. You can delete files immediately, without having them move to the Recycle Bin first. Go to
the Start menu, select Run… and type ‘gpedit.msc’; then select User Configuration,
Administrative Templates, Windows Components, Windows Explorer and find the Do not move
deleted files to the Recycle Bin setting. Set it. Poking around in gpedit will reveal a great many
interface and system options, but take care — some may stop your computer behaving as you
wish. (Professional Edition only).
3. You can lock your XP workstation with two clicks of the mouse. Create a new shortcut on
your desktop using a right mouse click, and enter ‘rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation’ in
the location field. Give the shortcut a name you like. That’s it — just double click on it and your
computer will be locked. And if that’s not easy enough, Windows key + L will do the same.
4. XP hides some system software you might want to remove, such as Windows Messenger, but
you can tickle it and make it disgorge everything. Using Notepad or Edit, edit the text file
/windows/inf/sysoc.inf, search for the word ‘hide’ and remove it. You can then go to the Add or
Remove Programs in the Control Panel, select Add/Remove Windows Components and there
will be your prey, exposed and vulnerable.
5. For those skilled in the art of DOS batch files, XP has a number of interesting new commands.
These include ‘eventcreate’ and ‘eventtriggers’ for creating and watching system events,
‘typeperf’ for monitoring performance of various subsystems, and ’schtasks’ for handling
scheduled tasks. As usual, typing the command name followed by /? will give a list of options —
they’re all far too baroque to go into here.
6. XP has IP version 6 support — the next generation of IP. Unfortunately this is more than your
ISP has, so you can only experiment with this on your LAN. Type ‘ipv6 install’ into Run… (it’s
OK, it won’t ruin your existing network setup) and then ‘ipv6 /?’ at the command line to find out
more. If you don’t know what IPv6 is, don’t worry and don’t bother.
7. You can at last get rid of tasks on the computer from the command line by using ‘taskkill /pid’
and the task number, or just ‘tskill’ and the process number. Find that out by typing ‘tasklist’,
which will also tell you a lot about what’s going on in your system.
8. XP will treat Zip files like folders, which is nice if you’ve got a fast machine. On slower
machines, you can make XP leave zip files well alone by typing ‘regsvr32 /u zipfldr.dll’ at the
command line. If you change your mind later, you can put things back as they were by typing
‘regsvr32 zipfldr.dll’.
9. XP has ClearType — Microsoft’s anti-aliasing font display technology — but doesn’t have it
enabled by default. It’s well worth trying, especially if you were there for DOS and all those
years of staring at a screen have given you the eyes of an astigmatic bat. To enable ClearType,
right click on the desktop, select Properties, Appearance, Effects, select ClearType from the
second drop-down menu and enable the selection. Expect best results on laptop displays. If you
want to use ClearType on the Welcome login screen as well, set the registry entry
HKEY_USERS/.DEFAULT/Control Panel/Desktop/FontSmoothingType to 2.
10. You can use Remote Assistance to help a friend who’s using network address translation
(NAT) on a home network, but not automatically. Get your pal to email you a Remote Assistance
invitation and edit the file. Under the RCTICKET attribute will be a NAT IP address, like
192.168.1.10. Replace this with your chum’s real IP address — they can find this out by going to
Code:
http://www.whatismyip.com
— and get them to make sure that they’ve got port 3389 open on their firewall and forwarded to
the errant computer.
11. You can run a program as a different user without logging out and back in again. Right click
the icon, select Run As… and enter the user name and password you want to use. This only
applies for that run. The trick is particularly useful if you need to have administrative
permissions to install a program, which many require. Note that you can have some fun by
running programs multiple times on the same system as different users, but this can have
unforeseen effects.
12. Windows XP can be very insistent about you checking for auto updates, registering a
Passport, using Windows Messenger and so on. After a while, the nagging goes away, but if you
feel you might slip the bonds of sanity before that point, run Regedit, go to
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/Windows/Current Version/Explorer/Advanced
and create a DWORD value called EnableBalloonTips with a value of 0.
13. You can start up without needing to enter a user name or password. Select Run… from the
start menu and type ‘control userpasswords2′, which will open the user accounts application. On
the Users tab, clear the box for Users Must Enter A User Name And Password To Use This
Computer, and click on OK. An Automatically Log On dialog box will appear; enter the user
name and password for the account you want to use.
14. Internet Explorer 6 will automatically delete temporary files, but only if you tell it to. Start
the browser, select Tools / Internet Options… and Advanced, go down to the Security area and
check the box to Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed.
15. XP comes with a free Network Activity Light, just in case you can’t see the LEDs twinkle on
your network card. Right click on My Network Places on the desktop, then select Properties.
Right click on the description for your LAN or dial-up connection, select Properties, then check
the Show icon in notification area when connected box. You’ll now see a tiny network icon on
the right of your task bar that glimmers nicely during network traffic.
16. The Start Menu can be leisurely when it decides to appear, but you can speed things along by
changing the registry entry HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Control Panel/Desktop/MenuShowDelay
from the default 400 to something a little snappier. Like 0.
17. You can rename loads of files at once in Windows Explorer. Highlight a set of files in a
window, then right click on one and rename it. All the other files will be renamed to that name,
with individual numbers in brackets to distinguish them. Also, in a folder you can arrange icons
in alphabetised groups by View, Arrange Icon By… Show In Groups.
18. Windows Media Player will display the cover art for albums as it plays the tracks — if it
found the picture on the Internet when you copied the tracks from the CD. If it didn’t, or if you
have lots of pre-WMP music files, you can put your own copy of the cover art in the same
directory as the tracks. Just call it folder.jpg and Windows Media Player will pick it up and
display it.
19. Windows key + Break brings up the System Properties dialogue box; Windows key + D
brings up the desktop; Windows key + Tab moves through the taskbar buttons.
A nice little tweak for XP. Microsoft reserve 20% of your available bandwidth for their
own
Then go to:
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not configured, but the
truth is
"By default, the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth
of a
connection, but you can use this setting to override the default."
This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default 20%.
Command Prompt
ANSI.SYS Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor
movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or
running a command.
ARP Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC View the file associations.
AT Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB Display and change file attributes.
BATCH Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BOOTCFG Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and
rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
CACLS View and modify file ACL's.
CALL Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD Changes directories.
CHCP Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR Changes directories.
CHKDSK Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS Clears the screen.
CMD Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS
window.
COMP Compares files.
COMPACT Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY Change the computers input/output devices.
DATE View or change the systems date.
DEBUG Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL Deletes one or more files.
DELETE Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or
drivers.
DISKCOMP Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKCOPY Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
ECHO Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT View and edit files.
EDLIN View and edit files.
EMM386 Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the
setlocal command.
ERASE Erase files from computer.
EXIT Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND Expand a M*cros*ft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT Extract files from the M*cros*ft Windows cabinets.
FASTHELP Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC Compare files.
FDISK Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.
GOTO Moves a batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL Show extended characters in graphics mode.
HELP Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
IF Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned
values.
KEYB Change layout of keyboard.
LABEL Change the label of a disk drive.
LH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON Recovery console command to list installations and enable
administrator login.
MAP Displays the device name of a drive.
MD Command to create a new directory.
MEM Display memory on system.
MKDIR Command to create a new directory.
MODE Modify the port or display settings.
MORE Display one page at a time.
MOVE Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV Early M*cros*ft Virus scanner.
MSD Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
NBTSTAT Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using
NBT
NET Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
PATH View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to
at any time.
QBASIC Open the QBasic.
RD Removes an empty directory.
REN Renames a file or directory.
RENAME Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.
SCANDISK Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything
else.
SETVER Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SHARE Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS Transfer system files to disk drive.
TELNET Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME View or modify the system time.
TITLE Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE Display the contents of a file.
UNDELETE Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK Unlock a disk drive.
VER Display the version information.
VERIFY Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been
written properly.
VOL Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
XCOPY Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to
another.
TRUENAME When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in
which it exists
TASKKILL It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications
Run Commands To Access The Control Panel
Code:
Add/Remove Programs control appwiz.cpl
Date/Time Properties control timedate.cpl
Display Properties control desk.cpl
FindFast control findfast.cpl
Fonts Folder control fonts
Internet Properties control inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard Properties control main.cpl keyboard
Mouse Properties control main.cpl
Multimedia Properties control mmsys.cpl
Network Properties control netcpl.cpl
Password Properties control password.cpl
Printers Folder control printers
Sound Properties control mmsys.cpl sounds
System Properties control sysdm.cp
Run Commands:
Code:
compmgmt.msc - Computer management
devmgmt.msc - Device manager
diskmgmt.msc - Disk management
dfrg.msc - Disk defrag
eventvwr.msc - Event viewer
fsmgmt.msc - Shared folders
gpedit.msc - Group policies
lusrmgr.msc - Local users and groups
perfmon.msc - Performance monitor
rsop.msc - Resultant set of policies
secpol.msc - Local security settings
services.msc - Various Services
msconfig - System Configuration Utility
regedit - Registry Editor
msinfo32 _ System Information
sysedit _ System Edit
win.ini _ windows loading information(also system.ini)
winver _ Shows current version of windows
mailto: _ Opens default email client
command _ Opens command prompt
Windows XP Shortcuts:
Code:
ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the current window’s system menu
SHIFT+F10 - Display the item's context menu
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch to the window you last used
ALT+F4 - Close the current window or quit
CTRL+A - Select all items
CTRL+X - Cut selected item(s)
CTRL+C - Copy selected item(s)
CTRL+V - Paste item(s)
CTRL+Z - Undo last action
CTRL+(+) - Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane
TAB - Move forward through options
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view
ALT+LEFT ARROW - Move backward to a previous view
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete an item immediately
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up
ALT+ENTER - View an item’s properties
F10 - Activate the menu bar in programs
F6 - Switch between left and right panes
F5 - Refresh window contents
F3 - Display Find application
F2 - Rename selected item
Accessibility Shortcuts
Code:
Tap SHIFT 5 times - Toggles StickyKeys on and off.
Press down and hold the right SHIFT key for 8 seconds - Toggles FilterKeys
on and off.
Press down and hold the NUM LOCK key for 5 seconds - Toggles ToggleKeys on
and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK - Toggles MouseKeys on and off.
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN - Toggles High Contrast on and off.
Code:
Apply subscript formatting - CTRL+EQUAL SIGN (=)
Apply superscript formatting - CTRL+PLUS SIGN (+)
Bold - CTRL+B
Capitalize - SHIFT+F3
Copy - CTRL+C
Delete a word - CTRL+BACKSPACE
Demote a paragraph - ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW
Find - CTRL+F
Insert a hyperlink - CTRL+K
Insert a new slide - CTRL+M
Italicize - CTRL+I
Make a duplicate of the current slide - CTRL+D
Open - CTRL+O
Open the Font dialog box - CTRL+T
Paste - CTRL+V
Print - CTRL+P
Promote a paragraph - ALT+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW
Repeat your last action - F4 or CTRL+Y
Save - CTRL+S
Select all - CTRL+A
Start a slide show - F5
Switch to the next pane (clockwise) - F6
Switch to the previous pane - SHIFT+F6
Undo - CTRL+Z
View guides - CTRL+G
Commands:
Different Extensions:
Sou nd :
MIDI-0 (.mid,.midi)
SP-MIDI (.mid,.midi)
Midi Karaoke (.kar)
MMF/SMAF-1 (.mmf,.smaf)
Qualcomm CMX 3.0 (.pmd)
Motorola Ringtone (.mot)
Sagem Ringtone (.sagem)
Sagem Ringtone (.sagem21)
Ericsson emelody (.emy)
iMelody Ringtone Format (.imv)
Ringtones text transfer language (.rttl,.rtx)
Nokia phone Ring Tone (.nokia,.ott)
Nokia Phone Ring Tone (.noktxt)
Ima ge :
Do cum ent :
Da ta :
MathML (.mml)
StarMath (.smf)
OpenOffice 2.0 Math (.odf)
OpenOffice 1.0 Math (.sxm)
Movie :
QGREP --- Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern.
This chart is a list of the most commonly found extensions, what type of file they are and what
program if any they are associated with.
.CFM Corel FontMaster file / Cold Fusion Template file / Visual dBASE windows customer
form
.CHK Scandisk file which is used to back up information that scandisk has found to be bad,
found in C root. Because the information within these files are corrupted or reported as bad by
Scandisk it is perfectly fine to delete these files, providing you are currently not missing any
information. Additional information about scandisk can be found on our scandisk page.
.DRV Device driver files that attach the hardware to Windows. The different drivers are system,
keyboard, pointing devices, sound, printer/ plotter, network, communications adapter.
.DRW Micrografx draw/graph files.
.DT_ Macintosh Data File Fork
.DTA Data file
.DTD SGML Document definition file
.DTF Q&A database
.DTM DigiRekker module
.DTP SecurDesk! Desktop / Timeworks Publisher Text Document / Pressworks Template file
.DUN Dialup Networking exported file.
.DX Document Imaging file / Digital data exchange file
.FRM Form file used with various programs / Microsoft Visual Basic Form / FrameMaker
document / FrameBuilder file / Oracle executable form / Word Perfect Merge form / DataCAD
symbol report file
.FRO dBase IV compiled report / FormFlow file
.FRP PerForm Pro Plus Form
.FRS WordPerfect graphics driver
.FRT FoxPro report file
.FRX Microsoft Visual basic binary form file / FoxPro report file
.GR3 386 grabbers that specify which font to use with DOS and Windows.
.HTM Web page files containing HTML or other information found on the Internet.
.MIX Power C object file / Multiplayer Picture file (Microsoft Photodraw 2000 & Microsoft
Picture It!) / Command & Conquer Movie/Sound file
.MOD Winoldap files that support (with grabbers) data exchange between DOS apps and
Windows apps.
.MOV File used with Quick Time to display a move.
.PDF Adobe Acrobat Reader file which can only be read by Adobe Acrobat (to get file
downloaded Adobe Acrobat from our Download Page.
.PLS WinAmp MPEG playlist file / DisorderTracker 2 Sample file / Shoutcast file / MYOB data
file
.PLT AutoCAD HPGL vector graphic plotter file / Gerber sign-making software file / Betley's
CAD Microstation driver configuration for plotting
.PLY Autodesk polygon
.PP Compressed archive file.
.PP4 Picture Publisher.
.PP5 Picture Publisher.
.PPA Power Point Add-in.
.PPB WordPerfect Print preview button bar.
.PPD PostScript Printer description.
.PPF Turtle Beach Pinnacle program file.
.PPI Microsoft PowerPoint graphic file.
.PS2 File to support the Micro Channel Architecture in 386 Enhanced mode.
.PSD Adobe Photoshop image file.
.PST Post Office Box file used with Microsoft Outlook usually mailbox.pst unless named
otherwise.
.PWA Password agent file.
.PWD Password file.
.PWF ProCite Workforms
.PWL Password file used in Windows 95 and Windows 98 is stored in the Windows directory.
.PWP Photoworks image file
.PWZ PowerPoint wizard
Q
.QIC Windows backup file
.QT Quick Time Movie File
.QXD Quark Express file
.QXL Quark Xpress element library
.QXT Quark Xpress template file
R
.RA Real Audio file.
.RAM Real Audio file.
.RAR Compressed file similar to .ZIP uses different compression program to extract. See our
recommended download page for a program that can be used to extract .RAR files.
.RAS File extension used for raster graphic files.
.RLE Microsoft Windows Run Length Encoded (Run Length Encoded (bitmap format) file that
contains the actual screen logo).
.RMI Microsoft RMID sound file.
.RPB Automotive diagnostic file.
.RPD Rapidfile database
.RPM Red Hat Package Manager / RealMedia Player file.
S
.SAV File that usually contains saved information such as a saved game.
.SC2 Maps used in Sim City 2000.
.WAD File first found in IdSoftware games such as DOOM, Quake, as well as most new games
similar to these.
.WAV Sound files in Windows open and played with sound recorder.
.WKS Lotus 1-2-3 Rel lA,2.0,2.01, also file used with Microsoft Works.