Double Integrals over General Regions

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Double Integrals over General Regions

If the region R of type I is bounded by , then using the Fubini's theorem the double integral can be written as

with

and

for all

The similar formula exists for regions of type II. If a region R of type II is bounded by the graphs of the functions under condition that and for all , then the double integral over the region R is expressed through the iterated integral by the Fubini's theorem

It is sometimes useful to break the region R up into two or more smaller regions, and integrate over each separately.
Example 1

Calculate the double integrals .

Solution.

. The region of integration R is bounded by

We can represent the region R in the form Figure 1). According to the Fubini's formula,

. So R is the region of type I (see

Calculate first the inner integral:

Now we can compute the outer integral:

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Double Integrals over General Regions

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Fig.1

Fig.2

Example 2

Calculate the integral

Solution.

. The region of integration R is bounded by the lines

We can represent the region R as the set I. Transforming the double integral into the iterated one, we get

(Figure 2). The region R belongs to type

Example 3

Evaluate the integral .

Solution.

, where the region of integration R is bounded by the graphs of the functions

The region of integration R is shown in Figure 3. The curve the Fubini's theorem, the double integral is

and the line

intersect at (1,1). Then, by

Fig.3

Fig.4

Example 4

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Find the integral by the equations

Solution.

, where the region R is the segment of a circle. The boundaries of the segment are defined .

The circle

has the radius 2 and center at the origin. The region of integration R is shown in Figure 4. Since , the double integral can be written in the following form:

the upper half of the circle is equivalent to

Example 5

Find the double integral

Solution.

, defined in the region R bounded by the lines

The region of integration R is shown below in Figure 5. Considering it as a type II region, we can transform the double integral into iterated one and calculate it in the following way:

Fig.5

Fig.6

Example 6

Find the integral

Solution.

, where R is bounded by the line

and parabola

The region R is shown above in Figure 6. Find the points of intersection of the line and parabola:

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Hence, the given lines bounded the region R intersect at the points (3,6) and (1,2). Then by the Fubini's theorem, the integral is

Example 7

Calculate the double integral

Solution.

, where R is bounded by

The region of integration R is defined by the set Applying the Fubini's theorem, we obtain

and shown below in Figure 7.

To find the latter integral, we make the substitution:

When x = 0, we have z = 0. Hence at x = 1 we have z = 1. Then the integral is

Fig.7

Fig.8

Example 8

Calculate the integral C (1,1).

Solution.

. The region of integration is the triangle with the vertices O (0,0), B (0,1), and

The region R is shown in Figure 8. Obviously, that the equation of the side OC is y = x, and the equation of the side BC is y = 1. Considering R as a type I region and using the Fubini's theorem, we get

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Now we apply integration by parts to compute the outer integral. Let . Hence,

. Then

Example 9

Find the double integral

, where the region R is a parallelogram with the sides , a is a parameter.

Solution.

We will consider R as a region of type II. It is sketched below in Figure 9. The values of y are those between a and 2a, while, given y, the relevant values of x are those between x = y a and x = y. So the double integral is

Fig.9
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