JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Common Test 2 2013 H2 Physics Paper 2 solutions Qn Suggested solution Remarks 1 mark

1(a) Simple harmonic motion is defined as the periodic motion of an oscillating object whose acceleration is proportional to its displacement from a fixed point but in the opposite direction. (b) 0.15 m

1 mark

(c) One quarter period later the diver will be passing through his equilibrium 1 mark for position so his speed will be maximum. expression. 1 mark for v = x0 k 4100 = = = 7.39 rad s-1 expression. m 75 1 mark for ans v = x = ( 7.39 )( 0.15 ) = 1.1 m s-1
0

(d) When the diver just ceases to remain in contact with the diving board, the 1 mark for force the diving board exerts on the diver is zero. (This can only occur at the understanding / highest position, with both the diver and the vibrating end of the diving board expression accelerating downwards at g.)

2 x0 = g
4 2f 2 x0 = g
f = g 4 x0
2

1 mark for sub 1 mark for ans

9.81 = 1.3 Hz 4 ( 0.15 )

2

2(a) Electric potential at a point in an electric field is defined as the work done per unit positive charge in bringing a small charge from infinity to that point. (b)(i) show Vx = 28.5 105 V cm for all 3 sets of data conclusion that Vx = constant implies V inversely proportional to x (b)(ii)

1 mark

2 marks (award 1 mark if only 2 sets shown). 1 mark 1 mark for sub

1 Q Q 5 9 V = 1.9 10 = (9 10 ) 4 0 r 0.15
Q = 3.17 10 6 C

1 mark for ans

9

Note : (b)(iii)

1 4 0

= 9 x 10

[W = qV ] W

= ( 1.6 1019 )(1.50 105 0)

= 2.4 10 14 J (if ans has no -ve sign, deduct 1 mark.)

1 mark for sub 1 mark for ans

JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Common Test 2 2013 H2 Physics Paper 2 solutions Qn Suggested solution Remarks

3(a) Lenzs law states that the direction of the induced current is such that its effect opposes the change producing it.

Original: It is directly related to the law of conservation of energy because the induced current produces electrical energy due to an external force doing work against the opposing forces. By having to do work, energy is transferred from the external system. New: It is directly related to the law of conservation of energy because the induced current produces an opposing force that does work against the external force. As such, the mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy and energy is conserved. From the notes: If the induced e.m.f. did not oppose the change of flux producing it, then the change of flux will increase with increasing induced e.m.f. which in turn will lead to greater flux change leading to further increase in e.m.f.. This will lead to a self generating e.m.f. which violates the law of conservation of energy.
(bi)

[1] [1]

[1] [1]

As the magnet falls through the tube, at any point in the tube, there is a cutting of the magnetic flux of the magnet by the tube (or change in the magnetic flux produced by the magnet). An e.m.f. is induced in the aluminium tube, which is proportional to the rate of change in the magnetic flux according to Faradays law. Since aluminium is a conductor & forms a closed circuit, an induced current flows around the tube. According to Lenzs law, the direction of induced current is such that its effect opposes the change in magnetic flux and causes an opposing effect to slow down the movement of the magnet.
dB ) dt Increase (copper has a lower resistance than aluminium. Hence, a larger induced current flows in the tube, creating a larger opposing effect to the fall of the magnet)

[1]

[1] [1] [1] [1] [1]

bii

Increase (increased

JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Common Test 2 2013 H2 Physics Paper 2 solutions Qn Suggested solution [1] [1] [1] [1] Remarks

4(a) Emission: A photon is emitted from an isolated atom whenever one of its electrons transits from a higher to a lower (discrete) energy level. Energy of the photon is equal to the energy difference between the two energy levels in any transition and is therefore discrete. This photon energy corresponds to a discrete frequency/wavelength. Photons emitted from the different transitions within the atom would be diffracted at different angles to give rise to the emission line spectra. OR Absorption: A photon is absorbed by an isolated atom to cause one of its electrons to transit from a lower to a higher (discrete) energy level. Energy of the photon is equal to the energy difference between the two energy levels in any transition and is therefore discrete. This photon energy corresponds to a discrete frequency/wavelength. Photons absorbed are thereafter emitted randomly in all directions. Upon diffraction, this results in the dark spectral lines. CIE: The link between the precise energy levels and the fact that the spectra are line spectra was often missing. (b)(i) Energy absorbed by the ground state electron to transit to level 4 = (5.45 0.78) 10-19 = 4.67 10-19 J (b)(ii) de Broglie wavelength =

[1] [1] [1] [1]

[1] ans [1] sub

h 6.63 x 10-34 = p 2.45 x 10-25

-34

= 2.71x 109 m
8

(b)(iii) maximum =

hc E m u m i n i m

( 6.63 x 10 )( 3.00x10 ) =
(1.36 - 0.78) x 10-19
= 3.43 x10-6 m

[1] sub [1] ans

5.

(a) (i) Period, T = 20 ms 1 Frequency, f = = 50 Hz. T (ii) Peak current, I0 = 3 A (iii)

[1] Ans [1] Ans

r.m.s. value, Ir.m.s. =

1 2

I0 = 2 A

[1] Ans (Accept 2.12 A)

JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Common Test 2 2013 H2 Physics Paper 2 solutions Qn Suggested solution (b) Peak power P0 = I02R = (3)2(5) = 45 W Power must be a positive value, and follows the shape of I2. Remarks

[1] peak power & labelled axis. [1] graph passes correct max & min values. [1] sinusoidal function

(c)

IS N P N IS,peak = P .IP ,peak = IP NS NS

300 x3 6000

[1] sub [1] Ans

= 0.15 A

6(a)(i) The ground state for an atom refers to its lowest possible energy state. (Note: Accept other reasonable answers.) (a)(ii) Population inversion for a system of atoms refers to the situation whereby there are more atoms at a higher energy state than at a lower energy state. (Note: The lower energy state is not the ground state.) (b)

1 mark 1 mark

1 mark (accept any 1 of the 5 possible transitions)

(c)(i)

E = hf =

hc

(6.63 10
34

1 mark for sub )(3.00 10 )

8

(2.5)(1.6 1019 ) =

1 mark for ans 1 mark

= 4.97 10

(c)(ii) Visible spectrum / green light

(a)

Power source of small electronic devices, e.g. handphones, cameras, credit cards, torchlight

[1]

JURONG JUNIOR COLLEGE JC2 Common Test 2 2013 H2 Physics Paper 2 solutions Qn (b) (i) (ii) (c) (i) (ii) (iii) Suggested solution Remarks

Discharge current per unit area of the electrode area of the cell. Energy output per unit mass of the cell.

[1] [1] [1] Ans [1] Ans [1] sub [1] Ans [1] sub [1] Ans [1] [1] sub [1] Ans Max [2] [1] for each correct reason.

Q = (charge capacity) x area = (3.6)(50) = 180 C Imaximum = (max current density)(area) = (0.15)(50) = 7.5 mA tmax =
Q Imax

180 7.5 x103

= 2.4 x 104 s
(iv) (d) (i) (ii) (e)

Eout = Vout. Imax. tmax = Vout. Q = (2.5)(180) = 450 J Estimated average charging current 8.5 mA 9 mA [Accept : 7 mA - 9 mA] Echarging = Vin. Iin. t
1.

= (3.4)(9 x 10-3)(5 x 60 x 60) = 550 J

short circuiting the cell causes the maximum discharge current to be exceeded & may result in excessive heating of the cell causing it to explode/damage. when temperature is above 140C, the plastic film which separates the cathode and anode may melt and cause the cell to short-circuit. Or Lithium has a melting point of around 180 C, and the high temperature may cause the cell to melt. lithium is a reactive metal which can react with water to release hydrogen/thermal energy. This may cause the cell to melt or explode.

2.

3.

8. Defining the problem (1 mark) P1 Independent variable : temperature of air, or vary temperature of air, T. P2 Dependent variable : minimum voltage V required to create a spark P3 Keep distance between the electrodes & pressure of air constant Clear statement of Independent & Dependent variables [1] Methods of data collection (6 marks) M1 labelled diagram including 1. correct connection of voltmeter across the high voltage supply or electrodes in order to measure the breakdown voltage. 2. thermocouple / thermometer to measure the temperature of the air in the chamber.

M2 M3 M4 M5

3. Appropriate heating element (preferably an electric heater with variable power control). Do not accept Bunsen burner. 4. pressure gauge to measure pressure 5. correct placement of the 2 electrodes Items (1) & (2) [1] Items (3) & either (4) or (5) [1] Method of increasing the temperature of air, T, using appropriate mechanisms, e.g. use of electric heating element & blower [1] Method of measuring temperature of air, T, using thermocouple / thermometer or any [1] appropriate instrument. Method of determining minimum voltage, V, using voltmeter across the electrodes until a spark is first seen. [1] Perform experiment in a dark room / enclosure to see the spark [1]

Method of analysis (1 mark) A1 Assume a general relationship : V = kTn Plot a graph of lg V against lg T The equation is valid if graph is a straight line, with gradient = n and intercept = lg k.[1] Safety considerations (1 mark) S1 Keep hands dry and wear gloves to prevent electrocution when handling high voltage supply / heated air [1] Additional detail (3 marks) D Relevant points might include 1. Detail on keeping the separation between the electrodes constant at all times, e.g. use of insulating separator, markings.., [1] 2. Detail on ensuring a uniform temperature of heated air, e.g. time is allowed for air in chamber to reach equilibrium temperature. [1] 3. Discussion of how to maintain constant pressure as temperature of air is [1] changing, e.g. air chamber to have reliable pressure readings. 4. Discussion on how to determine the Minimum voltage when the spark is seen. i.e. voltage has be increased from zero gradually until a spark is first seen. [1]