Useful Formula

Associated with the Application of Reactors

E 600.11
X
L
= System inductive reactance (ohms)
X
Lpu
= Per unit system inductive reactance
L
R
= Reactor inductance (henries)
X
R
= Reactor reactance (ohms)
X
C
= Capacitive reactance (ohms)
w = 2 f = angular velocity (radiansper second)
f = System frequency in hertz
L = Inductance in henries
C = Capacitance in farads
R = Resistance in ohms
(assumed negligible except where noted)
I
FL
= Reactor rated RM S current (Amps)
I
SC
= Short-circuit RM S current (symmetrical)(Amps)
Ipk = Crest value of first half cycle of I
SC
V
S
= V
L-L
= Nominal line-to-line supply voltage in kilovolts
V
L-N
= Nominal line-to-neutral voltage of symmetrical
wye connected system in kilovolts
V
R
= Reactor voltage drop in volts
Symbols
Conventions
1.The kVA rating of a generator,
transformer or capacitor bank is
the three-phase value unless
otherwise specified.
2.The kVA rating of a Trench
Dry-Type Air Core Reactor isthe
single-phase value unlessotherwise
specified.
3.The voltage of a three-phase
system isthe line-to-line voltage
unlessotherwise specified.
4.The M VA fault level of a system
isthe three-phase symmetrical
value unlessotherwise specified.
NOTE: All valuesused are nominal
valueswith no allowance made
for system overvoltagesor over-
currents.
Formula No. 1 X
R
= 2 fL
R
Formula No. 2 V
R
= I
FL
x X
R
Formula No. 3 V
L-N
= V
L-L
/3
Formula No. 4 Reactor Power (kVAr) = (I
R
2
X
R
) / 1000
Formula No. 5 Reactor Power (kVAr) = V
R
2
/ 1000 X
R
Formula No. 6 I
pk max
= k x 2 x I
SC
where, k = 2 or less(ANSI)
k = 1.8 or less(IEC)
V
S
2
Formula No. 7 X
L
=
M VA
where, X
L
= system reactance
M VA = three-phase fault level in M VA
2
1 1
Formula No. 8 X
R
= V
S
2
-
M VA
a
M VA
b
where, M VA
a
= three-phase fault level after seriesconnected reactor in M VA
where, M VA
b
= three-phase fault level before seriesconnected reactor in M VA
V
S
1 1
Formula No. 9 X
R
= -
3 I
SCa
I
SCb
where, I
SCa
= short-circuit current after seriesconnected reactor in kA
where, I
SCb
= short-circuit current before seriesconnected reactor in kA
M VA
Formula No. 10 I
SC
(kA) =
3V
S
where, M VA = three-phase fault level in M VA
Formula No. 11 X
R
(in % ) = (3 I
R
X
R
/ V
S
) 100
X
L
(in % )
Formula No. 12 X
Lpu
=
100
M VA
base
Formula No. 13 X
Lpu
= X
L
(ohms) x
V
S
2
base
where, M VA = three-phase fault level in M VA
X
Lpu
= total per unit system reactance
]
[ ]
[
3
X
L
(% ) V
S
2
base
Formula No. 14 X
L
(ohms) = x
100 M VA
base
where, V
S
base isline-to-line value in kV
usually nominal system voltage
M VA
base
isthree-phase value in M VA selected
often 100 M VA or M VA of supply transformer
Formula No. 15 X
L
(% ) to new M VA base = X
L
(% ) x V
S
2
base
x M VA
base
original new
M VA
base
M VA
base
V
S
2
base
original
if V
S
base iscommon then
X
L
(% ) = X
L
(% ) x M VA
base
original new
M VA
base
original
1
Formula No. 16 X
C
=
2 fC
M VAr
Formula No. 17 I
C
(in kA) =
(3) x V
S
where, M VA
r
= rating of three-phase capacitor bank in M VA
I
C
= rmscurrent at fundamental frequency in conductor supplying capacitor bank
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
L
Formula No. 18 T =
R
where, T = time constant in seconds
di
Formula No. 19 E = -L
dt
where, E = induced voltage in volts
di
= rate-of-change of current
dt
1
Formula No. 20 Energy stored in an inductor = L
R
I
2
2
where, I = rmscurrent flowing through inductor
2 fL
R
kVA
f
Formula No. 21 Q
f
= =
R
eq
kW
f
where, Q
f
= Quality Factor at frequency f
R
eq
= Equivalent coil resistance at frequency f,
comprising AC winding resistance and reflected resistance due
to eddy lossesin winding conductors, ' Spiders' , insulators, etc.
kVA
f
= Reactor VA at frequency f in kVA
kW
f
= Total watts-lossat frequency f in kW
Note: Some of the componentsof R
eq
are both temperature and frequency dependent.
4