PSYCHOLOGY UNIT FOUR SAC # 4 TEST

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

1. According to the medical definition of normality, which person would most likely be considered
a.
b.
c.
d.

normal?
Man suffering schizophrenia
Child with bad eyesight
Boy wearing pyjamas to school
Woman with depression

2. The ability to live and work harmoniously within society is considered normal according to which
approach?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Socio-cultural
Functional
Historical
Situational

3. Psychologists tend to disagree on the idea of normality, but a common feature of normal behavior is
a.
b.
c.
d.

It is in accordance with a usual or expected standard of conduct

Everyone in a particular society acts in a similar manner
It is a behavior agreed to in courts of law
All of the above

4. When a person first experiences a stressora.

b.
c.
d.

Actycholine is released
Adrenaline and Noradrenaline are released
The parasympathetic nervous system increases the persons heart rate
The sympathetic nervous system causes the pupils to constrict

5. The psychodynamic model proposes that simple phobia is due to:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Biological and genetic factors that a person is born with.

Unresolved conflicts that usually emerge during the Oedipal and Electra stages of development.
Anger towards ones mother or father that is transferred to an object, situation or animal.
Unresolved psychological trauma

6. Jan is stuck in a traffic jam on her way to meeting friends at a caf; she realizes her heart arte is
a.
b.
c.
d.

increased, her muscles are tense and she is breathing quite rapidly. This is best described asTraffic phobia
Stress Response
Panic Attack
Homeostasis

7. Categorical approaches to classifying mental disordersa.

b.
c.
d.

Operate on a continuum
Should be both valid and reliable
Involves the reporting and observation of specific symptoms
Both b and c

8. The hormone released into the blood stream to help repair the damage done to the body from stress
is known asa.
b.
c.
d.

Adrenaline
Serotonin
Cortisol
Dopamine

9. Being bullied at school would be considered a _________________ factor that contributes to stress.
a. social
b. cultural
c. environmental
d. physiological

10. Which of the following methods of classification of a mental condition has the highest inter-rater
reliability?
a.
b.
c.
d.

ICD-10
a dimensional approach
DSM-IV-TR
a functional approach

Eliza has for many years experienced distress in response to exposure to heights; even the thought of being
in a tall building creates anxiety. Her mental-health clinician has recommended that flooding be used to
overcome her phobia.

11. Elizas conditioned response to exposure to heights would be triggered by her

____________________ nervous system.
a.
b.
c.
d.

central
somatic
Autonomic
Parasympathetic

12. Elizas treatment would involve her mental health clinician exposing Eliza to her
a.
b.
c.
d.

conditioned stimulus.
neutral stimulus.
discriminative stimulus.
unconditioned stimulus.

13. A more effective application of classical conditioning for Elizas treatment would be
a.
b.
c.
d.

aversion therapy.
shaping.
systematic desensitisation.
the use of continuous positive reinforcement when exposed to her fear-evoking stimulus

14.According to Freuds psychodynamic model, specific phobias develop througha.

b.
c.
d.

Use of symbolic thinking

Use of defense mechanisms
Use of cognitive distortions
Resolution of the oedipal or electra complex

15.The release of GABA helps to manage anxiety caused by phobias bya.

b.
c.
d.

Suppressing neural impulses related to anxiety

Creating a sensation of pain as a substitute
Removing the pain sensation
Exciting neural impulses related to anxiety

Section B: Short Answer Questions

1. Explain how the Biopsychosocial approach seeks to explain mental health and illness.
(4 marks)
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2. Define the following approaches to Normality(3 marks)
a. Functional__________________________________________________________________________________________
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b. Situational__________________________________________________________________________________________
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c. Statistical
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3. Identify a Categorical Approach to classification of mental disorders AND Outline TWO disadvantages
of this approach to classification.
(3 marks)
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4. Using and example, explain the difference between Distress and Eustress.
(2 marks)
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5. Sam, a university student, became stressed when she lost her part-time job.
a. With reference to Lazarus and Folkmans Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, describe two
different primary appraisals that Sam might have made when she became stressed.
(2 marks)
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b. Identify TWO limitations of Lazarus and Folkmans Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.
(2 marks)
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c. Explain how the use of Biofeedback OR Meditation/ Relaxation could be used by Sam as a strategy
for coping with her stress. Explain the process of the strategy in its ability to reduce stress.
(2 marks)
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d. Explain the process of Allostasis.

(2 marks)
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Section C: Extended Response (10 marks)

Choose ONE of the following Extended Response questions relating to ONE of the four mental illnesses:
Anxiety (Phobia), Major Depression, Gambling or Schizophrenia.
(10 marks)

1. Jessica suffers from Anxiety relate specifically to Claustrophobia (fear of small, confined spaces,
especially elevators and small rooms).
- Using a Biopsychosocial framework, explain how she may have developed this phobia.
- Explain her potential physiological and psychological responses to the anxiety (stress response)
- Outline at least two different types of treatment options possible for Jessica.

2. Chris suffers from Major Depression.

- Using a Biopsychosocial framework, explain how he may have developed Major Depression.
- Outline the function of antidepressant medication in the management of Chriss depression.
- Outline at least two different types of treatment options possible for Chris.

3. Adam suffers from an Addictive Disorder; in particular Adam is addicted to Gambling.

- Using a Biopsychosocial framework, explain how he may have developed this addiction.
- Outline the role of social learning theory and schedules of reinforcement play in development and
continuation of the addiction.
- Outline at least two different types of treatment options possible for Adam.

4. Amanda suffers from Schizophrenia.

- Using a Biopsychosocial framework, explain how she may have developed schizophrenia.
- Outline the role of drugs in the on-set of schizophrenia and the use of medication to block
psychosis.
- Outline at least two different types of treatment options possible for Amanda.