SAN FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS FOR

THE STUDY OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS

0
6C

Z 0 Q

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

VOLUME 1___________OCTOBER, 1962____________NUMBER 4

o
W F

Z
O Z Q

Pbge

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS
-SUMMER QUARTER, 1962 ................................................................ 31

CLINICAL NOTES
CHILDREN RAISED WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS - 33

D. Kupfer

SOCIAL DYNAMICS
BREAKING UP THE "REHAB" GAME ... 35

R. M. Birnbaum and D. E. Eazell

RESEARCH
"NO EXIT" REVISITED . --------------------------------------------------- 36

C. Steiner

NEWS FROM ABROAD ........................................................................ 37 A LIVING PROBLEM ..............................................................- - 37

C. St. Cyr
ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS .. . 33

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES --------------------------------------------------------39

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

Published Quarterly by THE SAN FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS
A NON-PROFIT EDUCATIONAL CORPORATION

VOLUME 1 OCTOBER 1962 NUMBER 4 The Transactional Analysis Bulletin will be published quarterly to keep active members, members at large, associate members, former students, and other interested parties current with the scientific, educational, organizational and personal activities of the San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars. Subscriptions are solicited from institutions and libraries at $3 per year (U.K. 18/-). All funds received from associate memberships and subscriptions will be devoted to continuing and enlarging the Bulletin until- it becomes possible to publish selected articles., without, the :necessity,. f o r undue abbreviation. Subscriptions, enquiries, exchanges, and financial contributions should be addressed to The;: Transactional Analysis Bulletin, P. O. Box 5747, Carmel, California. Contributors Short summaries of newly discovered transactional games or other original observations, brief accounts of clinical, scientific, or teaching activities, letters to the editor, or personal and organizational notes should be addressed to the Editor, Transactional Analysis Bulletin, at the above address., Such contributions are encouraged as the best way for members in various parts of the country to keep in touch with each other. Advertising Rates for classified and display advertising will be submitted on request., The Bulletin reaches a select audience o f professional people in the San Francisco Bay Area and other parts of the country.
Editorial and Circulation Assistant, Mary N. Williams

THE SAN FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS Directors 1961 - 1962 Eric Berne, M.D. Melvin H. Boyce, B.S. Joseph Concannon, M.S.W. Franklin Ernst, M.D. Kenneth V. Everts, M.D. Viola Litt, M.A. Frances Matson, M.S.W. Ray Poindexter, M.D. Myra Schapps, M.S.W.

At Large Claude Steiner, M.A., Ann Arbor Barbara Rosenfeld, M.S.W., Philadelphia
Copyright 1962, San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars, Inc.

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS
SUMMER QUARTER - ADVANCED SEMINAR - 202 - JULY - SEPTEMBER 1962 The abstracts given below are written for professional readers who are assumed to be familiar with basic principles and terminology of transactional analysis. They include the last two meetings of the Spring Quarter. June 19. Joseph Concannon: "Problems in Using Transactional Analysis in Short Term Therapy." C cited as an example K. H. Blacker's problem: daily half-hour meetings on an in-patient ward where patients stayed only 2 to 6 weeks, with a changing population. There are two types of solution for maximizing effectiveness with such handicaps: an empirical approach based on trial and error, or a logical approach based on theory: group dynamics, transactional game analysis, or math ematical game analysis. In general, the therapist should not try to cram his pat ients. He should proceed in the usual sequence at the usual pace. June 26. Eric Berne: "Results of Transactional Group Therapy in Private Practice." In a series of seven continuous open-ended groups, 26 out of 63 patients terminated during the past six to nine months. 23 of the 26 were improved ac cording to themselves, their intimates, the therapist, and usually the other group members as well. The remaining three came for one, three, and five sessions, respectively. In about half the cases, the improvement was regarded by the the rapist and the more sophisticated group members as gratifying, but not maximal or stable. July 3. No meeting because of holiday. July 10. Gary Schmalle: "Short Term Groups in a Prison." Newly incarcerated prisoners attended "Behavior Adjustment" groups one hour per day for ten days. S enumerated concisely the limiting factors: 1. Diffi culty in dissecting out patterns, games, and scripts in 10 days. 2. The inmates counter "You're not alike" with "We are alike," and vice versa. 5. Justification for distrusting therapist with stories of corrupt officials. 6. Inmates "stripped of identity" by new situation. 7. Immediate inception of "How Do You Get Out Of Here" disrupts other approaches. 8. Wooden Leg with sociological plea (What do you expect in a society like ours?) as second line of disruption. 9. Adminis trative restrictions: no "therapy" permitted; i.e., only content of transactions can be considered, not function. 10. Typical result is institutionalization and ritualization of proceedings with rubrics: "set limits," "sounding board," "express hostility," "ventilate," "explore." 11. Inmates control leader by threatening "strike" which will injure his reputation. 12. If he complies, they comply by "proper participation" which will look well on their records. Remedies suggested by Seminar. The crucial point is the leader's own "identity." To establish this he must clarify (a) his contract with the prison authorities and (b) his contract with his group members. Administrative restrictions of (a) put him in a difficult position which he can only solve by a compromise between terminology and actual operations. For (b) he must clearly and tenaciously separate his role as a member of the Correctional group apparatus from his role as a "behavior adjuster." The first is a police fuction, the second is a professional one. P. McCormick formulated the emergent strategy for the professional side: firmly, systematically, and pro gressively inculcate them with the principles of structural and transactional analysis, striving continually for Adult-Adult working transactions. This is what will be most usable and most useful to them later.

July 17. Franklin Ernst. "The Multi-Problem Family and the Decision for Treatment. " This was a well-attended meeting with several- newcomers present. E read the first draft of a paper designed for presentation at a national convention of correctional officers. An experienced transactional analyst, E. took the "Martian" approach by requesting discussion of "the paper" before discussion of its contents, offering an opportunity to illustrate "Martian" to the newcomers. First considered was (1) Why do people write papers? E should sort out his Adult, Parent, and Child motivations in this respect. (2) Why the surge of interest in "family therapy?" Poindexter suggested "See How Hard I'm Trying": a worker who cannot cure his client seen individually tries harder by seeing six people instead of -one; if the client does not get better under those conditions, then who can blame me? The redundancy of the title (Are there non-multi-problem families?) suggests that family therapy is becoming institutionalized and jargonized. (3) As to content, E counters the trend by trying to demonstrate that it is not always desirable or helpful to see the family; one individual who is committed to treatment is worth more than five or six uncommitted ones. His review of the literature is superfluous; the audience will be surfeited with such reviews; his limited time would-be better devoted to cogent, clear clinical material. The Martian approach sacrifices banality for rationality, and rituals for relevancy. July 24. Eric Berne: "Current Crises in Two Therapy Groups." 1) A patient's Child was jolted by attempted suicide of his fiancee. He des cribed the resulting insights in a game-free way, and the possibilities of his altering his behavior. The other members were envious and suspicious of his sincerity. (2) A critical new patient successfully turned the 'other members against himself. The therapist pointed out how they had been conned into ..giving him justification for terminating as part of his self-destructive game and script. July 31. Frances Matson: "Games of Narcotics Addicts." Narcotic addiction has been insufficiently studied by transactional analysts. M presented a heroin addict's, games as a basis for discussion. J. Olson added material concerning use of less addictive drugs among young people: marijuana, methedrine, and codeine are In, heroin is Out; Cannabis indica, as distinct from Cannabis sativa, is very In, but hardly obtainable. Games played with each drug are somewhat different. The seminar suggested that for a systematic game study it would be advisable to, have "heroin only" addicts and contrast them with "marijuana only" takers. It is too difficult to sort out the transactional material with polyaddicts. Inclusion of marijuana under the Harrison Act has changed marijuana smoking from a pastime into a 'game; this could be verified by study ing its use before and since its inclusion. August 7. Kenneth Events: "A Group in Private Practice." The whole proceedings of this group had a subtle lack of constraint which differentiated it from groups conducted in institutions. The therapist's freedom from organizational constraints was also evident, and in some ways it added to his difficulties. Having no organizational "Parent" to guide or restrict him, his Adult had to choose between a larger variety of interventions at each point. August 14. Eric Berne: "A Classification of Interventions." The effects on the Parent, Adult, and Child of the patient of various types of interventions open to a transactional analyst were discussed. August 21 and 2E. Summer Vacation.

CLINICAL NOTES
CHILDREN RAISED WITH STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
David Kup f er
(Based on a paper read at the Scientific Conference of the Golden Gate Group Psychotherapy Society, San Francisco, June 1962)

After 18 months in a transactional therapy group, a 30 year old divorcee spontaneously decided to acquaint her three daughters with structural analysis. She related the following anecdotes. At 4, Doris learned to recognize when she felt demanding or jealous, and called this state "Baby Doris." When she behaved straightforwardly and felt com fortable and in control, this was referred to as "Grown-up Doris." Bossy or motherly behavior was called "Mommy Doris." To the last one she commented: "Oh, then that's your Mommy speaking when you are bossy or crabby with us." One day the mother became upset because Barbara, age 3, would not stop crying, and she threw a doll across the room and broke its head. Doris and Barbara became frightened at their mother's rage, but recovered quickly when she told them: "Mommy's Child just got out of hand, it's silly and useless, but I couldn't help it." One day Barbara said: "Mommy, I don't like you, you're naughty." The mother pretended to cry and replied: "Oh, Barbara, you have hurt my feelings!" Whereupon Doris commented with delight: "Mommy, I hear your Child talking." At 41/2 Doris said: "When I grow up I'll still be scared of things." The mother explained the difference between Adult (realistic) and Child fears, and cited as an example Barbara's fears of "wicked eyes" in the dark, adding: "The Grown Up Barbara knows that there are no eyes, but the Baby Barbara is still afraid. Doris replied with real assurance: "I know there isn't really any fire in my bed burning my feet, but my Baby Doris is still afraid." The mother explained that grown-ups have fears too, but it was important to decide whether a fear is grown-up or of the Child. Following that conversation, Doris did not again men tion the "fire" fears. The mother felt that they had either disappeared or become innocuous. One day when Doris was angry at being disciplined, she said resentfully: "That's your 'Baby' Mommy talking." The mother told Doris that if she really listened she would know it was the mother's Mommy, adding: "The Mommy in me knows what is best for you." At this time Doris showed considerable ability to pull herself together. Once when an outing was denied to her because she had misbehaved, she screamed and cried. About a half hour later she came to her mother quite serenely and said: "I understand why we can't go, and I'm not angry with you." The mother related this to some friends, who were impressed. The next morning the mother told Doris how amazed and impressed the friends were at her under standing. Doris's eyes twinkled and she broke into a "wonderful grin" and said: "They were really surprised to find out that I had a Gro w n- u p Doris inside of me, weren't they?" When Barbara was four, the mother became pregnant. Barbara began to talk baby-talk, which irritated the mother until she wanted to scream. One day listening to her, it struck the mother that it was really Barbara's Child talking. She said to Doris (now age five): "I can hear Barbara's Child talking now, can't you?" Doris replied calmly: "That's right!" Barbara then remarked: "Yeah. I'm just a little baby now!" After that the mother could be much more patiently Adult about Barbara's baby talk. One day when Barbara talked that way in front of visitors, Doris turned matter-of-factly to her neighbor and said: "That's Bar bara's Child talking, not Barbara."

The next child, Carla, was three when the new baby was born. Carla kept asking if she were not a baby too; insisted that, she was, and held her hands about a foot apart to show how little really she was: The mother tenderly told her it was true that she sometimes was a baby, or rather felt like a baby, and that she could always come to her mother and tell her what the Baby Carla wanted or thought about something, and that the Mommy in mother would be happy to take care of her and cuddle the Baby Carla, the Baby Barbara, or the Baby Doris. She added "You also know that I am happy to talk to the Grown-Up Carla about her clothes' or her friends, and I am glad when Mommy Carla helps' with the baby or the housework or takes care of her, pets." It was a good feeling for me and I believe for Carla to be able to talk about her feelings in words she could understand. Now she knows that Baby Carla wants to crawl on my lap, or Mommy Carla gets the broom and sweeps. By the following year, the mother could explain to the three little girls what kind of behavior was expected in various circumstances. The playground was a place where Babies could really have fun, holler and rough-house as they wished. At a restaurant, Babies are out of place, but the Grown-Up girls can enjoy themselves there. She explained that they could keep their Children in line when they wanted to. "Now I can allow myself to enjoy an outing as an Adult rather than having a wary Parent functioning, who wants to correct, boss, or discipline them." At seven, Doris was having trouble with her playmates, and often came home in tears. The mother, who had overheard some of the arguments, remarked to Doris that Mommy Doris sounded pretty bossy sometimes; if she left Mommy Doris at home, her friends would not have to send her home instead. Doris liked the idea. The unhappy episodes became less frequent. Doris was also able to recognize the Parent in a girl-friend-to whom she had been very nasty, which also may have helped. "Doris finds it easy to talk to me in straight structural terms. I am sure that she has more confidence because of this and both of us can discuss her troubles in understandable terms. I am sure that Barbara's awareness of ego states has also helped in her case. An associate of mine said in a nasty way to Barbara (age 6): 'I know what you're thinking, Barbara, I know everything that is going on in your mind.' To which Barbara answered calmly and politely, in spite of this man's threatening attitude: 'Oh, no, you don't. You don't because I haven't told you.' I feel that here she was differentiating Child apprehensiveness from Adult facts." At 7'/s, when Doris was scared to go to the doctor. for a shot, the mother asked the two smaller ones: "Can you think of some way that Doris could help her Child Doris to be more comfortable and not so frightened? What do you think, Barbara and Carla?" To which Barbara contributed: "Well, Doris, when the doctor is going to give me a shot, I just leave the Baby Barbara at home with a bottle." When they got to the doctor's office, Doris started to panic. Barbara insisted on getting her shot first, "then Doris's Adult came through, she decided to get her shot, and since then her fear has lessened." At this time, the children's teachers reported to the mother that the girls showed good social control, and conducted themselves in a matter of fact and reliable way. When the family moved, the girls were somewhat apprehensive about going to a new school. After the first week, the new teachers reported that the girls were "very adaptable and had moved in easily." The mother's general conclusion, after 31 years of experience: "In general, our structural vocabulary has made communication between myself and the now seven, six, and four year old girls clearer and easier."

34

SOCIAL DYNAMICS
SOME CONSEQUENCES OF BREAKING UP THE "REHAB" GAME (*1)

Robert M. Birnbaum and Dale E. Eazell

The "Rehab" game consists of referring tension-producing clients to one rehabilitation program after another until there is Parental justification for cal ling them "long-term," "unreliable," or "unemployable." One year of prelimin ary work with such long-term welfare recipients with minimal physical disabil ities indicated the following: the clients are often so caught up in the welfare workers' games of "Rehab" and "I'm Only Trying to Help You," and their own reciprocal games of "Wooden Leg," "Poor Me," and "Good Patient," that they have little possibility of freely looking at or making decisions about their own status. From this transactional frame of reference, the authors hypothesized that in the absence of the welfare workers' game-producing stimuli, there might be some clients (those not firmly committed to their games) who could talk objectively about their situations and in so doing suggest means of resolution. Twelve clients (*2) were informed that we were conducting research into longterm recipiency. There was no implication that we were going to help this pilot group get better or try to change their status in any way. Their clientism ranged from one to 10 plus years, with the median at about 4 years. B, a clinical psychologist, conducted initial individual interviews, stating the purpose of the project in appropriate language as follows: We are hired by the County Rehabilitation Service to study this particular problem. We are not connected with the welfare service, and communications are privileged. The client is free to leave at any time. Welfare workers are often frustrated by clients. How does the client see the situation? Four of the clients continued to play "Wooden Leg" and "Poor Me," and left the interview. The remaining eight began to express resentment at their status: being supervised, having to ask for money, being told where to go. B agreed that there were good reasons for leaving welfare, but what were their reasons for staying on it? Some hesitantly and anxiously grew more candid. They talked of outside income, both legal and illegal; one worked in a gambling house, another was an armed robber. They spoke of their covert battle with the welfare workers: to get "better" is for the worker to win. Their disclosures were reviewed and evaluated, and they were thanked. The first objective was attained: we knew more about why clients stayed on public assistance. The clients were then informed that E, a vocational counsellor, could assist them if they were seriously interested. All eight requested his help. Four are now employed full time, earning from $100 to $150 per week with no formal treatment; and through them, four other long-term welfare recipients indepen dently contacted E. Two of those are now also working full time, and the other two are continuing interviews. Thus of 16 long-term clients seen, six are working full time as a direct result of breaking up their Rehab game, four are in counsel ling, four refused to relinquish their games, one made an informed decision to continue the game, and the remaining one is on his own. In view of these results, it is planned to continue the project.

(*1) See TAB No. 1, p. 3, and No. 2, p. 8, 1962. (*2) Under a program sponsored by the Rehabilitation Service of Contra Costa County Medical Service, Martinez, California (Dr. Louie Girtman, Director), with the cooperation of a local Social Welfare Agency.

RESEARCH
"NO EXIT" REVISITED
Claude Steiner, Director o f Research, S. F. Social Psychiatry Seminars
(Abstracted from a paper presented at Mount Zion Clinic, February, 1961)

The existentialists are aware of the counterphobic nature of "activity." Sartre, in his play No Exit illustrates how three human beings, deprived of any possibility of engaging in useful activities, or of escaping from each other, quickly become involved in violent and "painful, internally-programmed,' transactional behavior. Using Sartre's, play as a paradigm, an experimental situation was devised which was expected to accomplish the following: (1) To expose two individuals to an. activityless social situation for an extended period of time, thereby hoping to trow into relief socially_, and internally programmed transactions, (2) To examine in detail the ,genetic development of relationships; their course through rituals, pastimes,, games, and intimacy, and (3) To examine the effect that an observer has on social transactions. It is assumed by many researchers that the observer. does not affect the relationship observed, even though there is no evidence for that assumption. Two young -males picked at random from a population of applicants for employment, were hired for 36 consecutive hours. Without previous interview and with an absolute minimum of instructions, they were placed in a small room and observed through 'a one-way mirror. The room contained only two chairs, two pillows, two blankets, and had an adjacent rest room. Food was administered through a slot, and an electric recording plus extensive notes were obtained. Afterward the S's were interviewed. Two such experiments were performed. The situation effectively prevented the S's from engaging in "activities" (as defined by Berne). As a consequence they were rapidly forced to exhaust rituals and pastimes, and individual programming became evident and began to increase in frequency within fifteen minutes after the, beginning of the experiment. . It was observed that in both experiments a form of "bargaining-over-stroking" (*1) took place, the outcome_ of which set the stage for all subsequent behavior. In E-1, subject W refused to establish a "reciprocal trade agreement" at the high stroking level that subject B demanded, while in E-2 reciprocity at a high level was agreed. upon.. These "trade agreements" radically affected the rest of the transactions: in the case of E-1 the S's were silent for more than 75% of the period, slept. fitfully, and demonstrated and reported acute discomfort. In E-2 the S's were silent less than 25% of the total time, slept soundly and demonstrated and reported less discomfort. Although no statement was made to the S's, they assumed that they were being observed. They reacted in several spheres as if a Parental person were in the room participating in the transactions, though silent. It seems impossible to accept the view that the observer does not significantly affect the situation, and this influence should be studied rather than ignored. It is felt that this experimental paradigm is to the observation and measurement of social behavior what the "Skinner box" is to reinforcement: a narrowly defined situation designed to emphasize certain variables. A further experiment is being planned, with game theory utilities in mind, in which the first 15 or 30 minutes will be observed with special attention to the manner in which "stroking trade agreements" take place early in relation ships and affect their course.

(*1) Kupfer, D. "On Stroking." TAB No. 2, p. 9, 1962. 36

NEVUS FROM ABROAD

COSTA RICA The Editor of the Bulletin spent an interesting ten days in Costa Rica. "Group work" is conducted there under the auspices of the Departmento Proteccion Materno Infantil (Dr. Miguel Asis B., Director), with weekly classes on pediatric health for mothers and fathers. On a visit to the Chapui Mental Hospital in San Jose (Dr. Gonzalo Gonzales-Murillo, Director), the Editor was greatly pleased to meet an old friend who attended the original Seminars at Mount Zion several years ago, Dr. Gonzalo ("Chalo") Adis-Castro, now chief psychologist of this 850-bed hospital He is also organizing psychological research at the University of Costa Rica. Dr. Adis-Castro, who spent time at Vineland, N. J., and at Oak Knoll Naval Hospital as well as at Mount Zion, asked to be remembered to all his friends in this country. Dr. Adis-Castro acted as interpreter for an evening seminar on structural analysis and transactional analysis proper, held at his home and attended by several of the psychologists and psychiatrists. The following morning at the hospital, the whole professional staff, including the nurses, and some outside visitors as well, attended a session on timestructuring and games, again with Dr. Adis-Castro translating as we went along. The audience exhibited an intelligent and indefatigable interest in "el Padre," "el Adulto," and "el Nino," as well as in "los juegos" and "las transacciones" in general. The net result was that the group therapists and other staff members, many of whom are planning to take further training in North America, expressed a spontaneous interest in forming a study group in transactional analysis. Any of our members who can visit this fascinating country are certainly assured of a warm professional welcome at the mental hospital. SWEDEN Barbara Rosenfeld reports that transactional analysis and its literature, which is already found in many psychiatric libraries there, is arousing increased interest in Sweden (in great measure due to her efforts). We are already receiving correspondence on the subject from that country. LOS ANGELES The Los Angeles Branch of the Association of Medical Group Psychoanalysts held its first meeting on May 31, 1962, and elected the following officers: Dr. Gordon Saver, President; Dr. Richard Parlour, Secretary-Treasurer; and Dr. Jack Jurasky, Chairman,' Educational Committee. Dr. James Jackson is Western Representative of this organization. Transactional analysis is well represented here, since Drs. Jackson, Parlour, and Jurasky are Members of our seminars.

A LIVING PROBLEM
"DESTINY IN THE SCHOOL-ROOM"
Cyprian St. Cyr

An eight year old boy distressed his parents and teachers because he would not work at school. In the course of a conversation he said that he did not like school and anyway when he grew up he was planning to be a soldier and get killed by a machine-gun bullet. There were about thirty minutes left after that remark, and it was not possible to talk to him again. How would you spend the remaining time most profitably for him and for yourself? Would you encourage him to study at school? If so, why? If not, why?

ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS
Transactional Analysis Bulletin, Supplement #1, has been published for the benefit of those teaching this subject clinically or academically. It is entitled Outline For An Introductory Course In Transactional Analysis and Social Dynamics. The first edition is 13 pages in mimeograph, interleaved with blank foolscap pages for instructors' notes, giving topical headings for a course of eight lectures. So far the demand has been satisfactory. Subscriptions at $2.00 may, be sent to Transactional Analysis Bulletin, P.O. Box 5747, Carmel, California.

ANNUAL MEETING The Annual Business Meeting of the San' Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars,' Inc. will be held on Tuesday, October 16, 1962, at 1200 Washington Street, San Francisco;'` at 10 p.m., following the regular scientific session. Officers and directors will' be'-elected for., the coming year, and such other business as
''may come

before the meeting will be, considered.

PERSONALS

Bill Collins has completed his tour of duty as a Navy Aviation Pilot, and is
now a therapist

Frances Matson has been appointed Supervisor of Social Work at the Centre for Information & Therapy on Alcoholism in Oakland. Dave Meltzer and E. H. Cramer, now, at Brooks Air Force Base, spoke on transactional analysis at a meeting of group therapists in San Antonio, Texas, and roused sufficient interest to be asked back for a ' repeat. Paul McCormick has been selected by Alameda County Juvenile Justice Commission for the newly created position of finding employment. for graduates of Senior Boys Camp and the Girls Home, a project financed by a grant from
the Rosenberg Foundation. He attributes his selection and promotion

in t h e new narcotics unit at Tehachapi,

near Los Angeles,

to

senior

deputy probation officer to having spoken "Martian" (i.e., pertinently and straightforwardly) to the selection committee. Jacqui Olsen has been awarded a teaching fellowship at William and Mary and is now living in Richmond. Virginia. Barbara Rosenfeld spent the summer in Sweden as an observer at Linkoping Psychiatric Hospital in, Stockholm. She has now entered her second year - at Womens Medical College in Philadelphia. Myra Schapps has moved to Los Angeles, where her husband, John C. Schapps, will be a referee for the Juvenile Court of Los Angeles County. She will be at the State Department of Social Welfare .in Los Angeles. Jim Starrels has left for a wander year. He will spend eighteen months
travelling around the world, after' which he plans to resume practice

in Phil

adelphia, his home town. George (Our sponsored orphan in Crete) George was not promoted because he was ill most 'of the school year. He is repeating first grade. His favorite subject is reading. He is 8 years old and is 4'2" tall and weighs 55 pounds. His mother earns $6.66 a month, supple mented by the products of four hens. George's father was a fisherman, but he had no boat and used dynamite. One day he made a find - a mine from World War II, full of useful explosives. That is how George became an orphan.

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Course 202, Applied Social Dynamics, will continue to meet every Tuesday evening at 8:30 p.m. until December 11 at the office of Eric Berne, M.D., 1200 Washin : ton Street in San Francisco. Qualified visitors are welcome. It is suggested that they check in advance by telephone, PRospect 6-4256, and they are requested not to arrive before 8:20 p.m. The proceedings for the past quarter are abstracted in this issue of the Bulletin. During the Autumn Quarter, it is anticipated that therapy groups from private practice and from various Bay Area clinics, hospitals, and institutions will be presented for transactional and game analysis, interspersed with special lectures and didactic-clinical discussions.

Introductory Course For the Fall Trimester, 1962, the following course will be offered starting October 10, open to those with a degree in the medical or social sciences who are engaged in professional work in those fields or are registered for advanced study at a recognized university or college. A Certificate of Completion will be issued at the end of the course.

101. Introductory Social Dynamics. A theoretical introduction to group dynamics, structural analysis, and transactional analysis. Wednesday evenings at 8:30. Eight meetings, October 10 - November 28. Fee $40. Instructor: Dr. Berne The course will meet at the office of Eric Berne, M.D., 1200 Washington Street, in San Francisco. For further information or enrollment, write or call the Secretary, Viola Litt, 529-28th Street, San Francisco 14, or telephone MIssion 8-7046 or PRospect 6-1300. EXTRAMURAL TEACHING During the past quarter, regular teaching continued at Langley-Porter Clinic, Stanford-Palo Alto Psychiatric Clinic, California Medical Facility, Mendocino, Dewitt, and Stockton State Hospitals, and the V.A. Hospital in Roseburg, Oregon. Special oneday workshops were also given at Mendocino State Hospital and at Roseburg, and two seminars for the staff of the Asilo Chapui, in San Jose, Costa Rica. Dr. Eric Berne has been appointed consultant in group therapy at McAuley Clinic (St. Mary's Hospital) in San Francisco. There are full facilities for teaching group therapy there, including observation and tape-recording, and most im portant, a receptive staff and an active program with complete academic freedom under leadership of Dr. Michael Khlentzos, the Chief of Staff at the Clinic. An excellent groundwork has already been laid for the most productive use of these facilities by Dr. Donald Brown, who is leaving to study community psychiatry at Columbia. Present plans call for the development of a full three year residency training program in group therapy, offering an opportunity to meet the most rigorous standards for such training, both didactic and clinical. One of the most stimulating aspects is the transfer of the complete mem bership of a sophisticated transactional therapy group, for teaching purposes, from Mount Zion Psychiatric Clinic to the McAuley Clinic (with the approval of both clinic heads).

The Seminars
The San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars function as an educational institute for people in the broad field of social psychiatry: psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses and social workers, correctional officers, social scientists, and educators. The teaching is primarily oriented toward group therapy and group work based on transactional analysis. Research in social

dynamics is carried on as funds become available. Since there is no endowment, the Seminars, now in their fifth year, have been almost entirely supported from
tuition fees. Contributions are always welcome.

The Seminars are open to those with a degree in medicine or the social sciences who are engaged in professional work in those fields or are registered for advanced study at a recognized university. In certain cases, wellrecommended undergraduates are eligible to attend. Professional workers are always welcome to visit the permanent clinical seminar (Course No. 202) which runs all year round, and can become Active Members, if, otherwise eligible, on completion of 'the Introductory Course' or its, equivalent. Active members who leave the San Francisco area or for other reasons cannot continue regular attendance are invited to become Members At Large ($10 per year, or $5 per year for students). They will receive
the Bulletin

and retain their attendance' a n d voting privileges.

Professional workers who wish to receive the Bulletin and have the privilege of attending the Seminars whenever they are in. San Francisco may become Associate Members ($5 per year), Subscriptions to the Bulletin are available to institutions and libraries at $3 per year. The Seminars meet in mid-week at 1200 Washington Street, San Francisco. Correspondence regarding attendance should be addressed to the Secretary, San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars, 529-28th Street, San Francisco 14. Those desiring mail membership (At large or Associate)-may fill: in the coupon.

below.

Send to: T._ A. Bulletin, .P.0. Box 5747, Carmel,: Califarnia Please. enroll me in the San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars as a Member At Large ( )' ($T0) Associate Member ( ) ($5).. Name:________________________________ Address:_____________________________________________ Student Member At Large ( ) ($5) Subscriber ( ) ($3

Profession:________________________________ Degree.__________________________________ Affiliation

Check enclosed( )

Send bill.( )

(U.K. 6/ per dollar)