Alab and small scale power plants

yvind Antonsen
September 2010

www.hydroenergi.no

HYDROENERGI in brief
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Turbines and complete electromechanical systems for hydroelectric power plants.

Tailor-made solutions ensuring the highest efficiencies and best overall results for the clients. Deliveries range is from individual turbine components to full turnkey electromechanical power plant outfitting, with electrical and control systems, and including installation and start-up services. hydraulic systems valves and piping generators transformers electrical and automation syst penstocks and intake structures installation and commissioning upgrading and refurbishment

HYDROENERGI turbines
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Hydroenergis main product is design and construction of turbines of well proven technology and high efficiencies based on model tests and prototypes in operation. Francis turbines
Medium heads, 30 400 meters Medium flow, 1 20 m3/s Vertical and horizontal axis

Pelton turbines
High heads, 100 600 meters Low flow, 0,5 5 m3/s Vertical with embedded distr.pipe

Kaplan turbines
Low heads, 3 50 meters High flow, 5 50 m3/s Vertical with concrete or steel spiral

Axial flow turbines

Bulb and propeller type turbines Open pit turbines Bevel gear type turbines S and Z type turbines

HYDROENERGI turbine application areas

Approximate for illustration purpose only

PELTON FRANCIS

KAPLAN

Alab for small hydro

Small hydro market

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Large market large number of inquiries z Efficient work progress Generator one of the main components
z z z z

Response time from sub-supplier Runaway speed Price and delivery time Axial forces Depended of turbine choice

Turbine choice - alternatives

{

Turbine choice z Type z Number

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1 large 2 small small and large

z z z

Weighted efficiency Production calculation Runaway speed

Alab - benefits

Production calculation

Runaway speed

Water hammer

Turbine choice

Generator inquiry

Pressure rating

Example
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Hn = 145 m Q mean = 1,87 m3/s Q max = 3,28 m3/s Min. by-pass flow:
z

50 l/s (winter) and 250 l/s (summer)

Example contd
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Options: 1 Francis 3,28 m3/s 2 Francis 1,70 m3/s 1 Francis 1,5 m3/s + 1 Francis 2,5 m3/s 1 Francis 2,5 m3/s + 1 Pelton 1,0 m3/S

Example contd
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Production calculation Production difference vs. price difference Final choice Runaway speed and water hammer calculation

Example contd
{

Options: 1 Francis 3,28 m3/s 2 Francis 1,70 m3/s 1 Francis 1,5 m3/s + 1 Francis 2,5 m3/s 1 Francis 2,5 m3/s + 1 Pelton 1,0 m3/S
13,8 GWh 16,1 GWh 16,6 GWh 17,0 GWh

Runaway / water hammer

Runaway / water hammer

Kvassteinga Liten turbin 2 300 270 240 210 Trykk [mVs] 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 maks. trykk = 207 mVs maks. turtall = 1813 rpm 0 10 20 2000 1800 1600 1400 Turtall [rpm] 1200 1000 800 600

+
30 Tid [s]

400 Trykk Turtall 200 0 60

MatLab
40 50

Alab vs. manual work

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Production calculation possible with spreadsheet. More accurate efficiency, but also laborious.

flow [m3/s], % of year

100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0% 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00

efficiency
95.0 %

power kW
20 000

90.0 %

17 500

85.0 %

15 000

80.0 % 60.00 75.0 % 50.00 70.0 % 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 90 % 100 % 65.0 %

12 500

10 000

7 500

5 000

60.0 %

2 500

55.0 % 9.00 13.50 18.00 22.50 27.00 31.50 36.00 40.50

0 45.00

flow m3/s

efficiency
95.0 % 90.0 % 85.0 % 80.0 % 75.0 % 70.0 % 65.0 % 60.0 % 55.0 % 9.00 18.00 27.00 36.00 45.00 54.00 63.00 72.00

turbine power kW
40 000 35 000 30 000 25 000

P2 [kW]

20 000 15 000 10 000

P1 [kW]

5 000 0 81.00 90.00

flow m3/s

Conclusions

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Help and support for the turbine choice Quickly establish data for sub-inquiries Helps to save time in the tender process Helps to document the quality of the tender A valuable tool in the small hydro market