Cross-Cultural Communication

The

What is it?

sending and receiving of messages

It is not that simple!

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER speaker audience

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning The goal of communication is shared meaning. The receiver understands what the sender intended to communicate.

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning The goal of communication is shared meaning.

Senders Meaning
No shared meaning

Receivers Meaning

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning The goal of communication is shared meaning.

Senders Meaning
Some shared meaning

Receivers Meaning

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning The goal of communication is shared meaning.

Senders Meaning
Good shared meaning

Receivers Meaning

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning The goal of communication is shared meaning.

Senders Meaning
Total shared meaning

Receivers Meaning

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning

The goal of communication is shared meaning. The receiver understands what the sender intended to communicate.

Possible outcomes: (1) no shared meaning (2) Partial shared meaning (3) Total shared meaning (never happens)

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning meaning Receiver < RESPONSE < Sender

Feedback

medium SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER

Air
sound waves Light waves Radio waves

String
vibrations

Wire
electronic signals

Ear & eye nerves

Low volume signal Loss of signal Background noise Static Broken equipment

code medium code SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER

Language Gestures Facial expression Body language Touch Personal space Eye contact Clothes & accessories Etiquette

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER background background

Knowledge of codes
Do you speak language, know gestures?

Prior experiences
Have you had a similar experience to what we talk about?

Status, gender, age differences

Is one person higher status than the other?

Attitudes toward the other person

Do you like each other, trust each other?

Personal problems
Are there problems you are thinking about?

Knowledge of codes
Do you speak language, know gestures?

Prior experiences
Have you had a similar experience to what we talk about?

status, gender, age differences

Is one person higher status than the other?

Attitudes toward the other person

Do you like each other, trust each other?

Personal problems
Are there problems you are thinking about?

SENDER > MESSAGE

>

RECEIVER

relationship

Family? Friends? Boy friend/girl friend? Boss/worker? Teacher/ student? ? Strangers? Enemies?

code medium code SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER background background relationship

SENDER > MESSAGE > RECEIVER meaning (medium) meaning (code) < RESPONSE <

Who is most responsible to assure effective communication?

M.C. Eschers

Bond of Union

The way we communicate is more important than the content of what we say We communicate according to ways that people expect us to communicate Those who communicate in unexpected ways are often seen as dangerous/ deviant.