TUTORIAL TRANSFORMER AND GENERATING ELECTRICITY

NAME : ........................................................................................................... CLASS : 5 .........................

Diagram 1 shows a simple transformer.[spm07]

Diagram 1 (a) (i) Name the type of the transformer. (ii) State why soft iron is used as the transformer core. .. (b) The number of turns on the primary coil in Diagram 1 is 1000. Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
[1 mark] [1 mark]

[2 marks]

(c)

The transformer in Diagram 1 is used to switch on an electrical appliance. The current in the primary coil is 0.1 A and the efficiency is 75 %. (i) Calculate the output power of the transformer

[2 marks]

(ii)

An electrical appliance needs 20W of power is connected to transformer output. Suggest a modification to the transformer that enable the appliance to function correctly. .....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d)

A student connects a television which uses direct current to the output of the transformer in Diagram 1. When the television is switched on, it does not function. (i) Why the television does not function? ......................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

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(ii)

An electrical connected to the output of the transformers of that the television functions. Name electrical component and state how the connection is made. ...................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

Diagram 2 shows a model of an electrical energy transmission system set up in a school laboratory. The total resistance of the transmission cables is 4 and the current through the transmission cables is 2 A. [mrsm04]

Diagram 2

(a)

Calculate the power loss in the transmission cable

[2 mark]

(b)

(i)

Predict the brightness of the light bulb in the village when cables with a larger diameter are used. ......................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Explain the reason for your answer in (b)(i).

(c )

[1 mark] The brightness of the light bulb in the village is increased by using transformer M. Name the type of the transformer M. [1 mark] You are supplied with several coils which can be used for making transformer M. The coils P, Q and R are made of the same type of wire.

(d)

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(i)

State all the possible combinations which can be used for making the device in (c ).

[2 marks]

(ii)

Calculate the ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage for every combination in (d) (i)

[3 marks]

(iii)

State the best combination in (d) (ii) that will produce maximum brightness for the light bulb in the village. Give the reason for your choice. .......................................... ...........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

The National Grid Network is an important system that ensure the electrical power is supplied continuously. After the generation of electricity at the power station, electricity is transferred via a number of substations and transformers before the electricity reaches the customer. Table 3.1 shows current and potential difference before and after substation A in a transmission of electricity.

Table 3.1 Table 3.2 shows current and potential difference before and after passing through substation B during reception of electricity by customers.

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(a)

(i) (ii)

Table 3.2 What is meant by potential difference?

[1 mark]

Using only information in table 3.1 and 3.2, compare characteristics of electrical power transmitted and received by customers. States the relationship between current and potential difference during transmission and reception of electrical power

[5 marks]

(b) (c)

Generation of electrical power involves the use of renewable resources and unrenewable resources. With the use of suitable examples, compare the two types of resources. [4 marks]

Diagram 3.1 During transmission and reception of electrical power, pylons such as shown by diagram 3.1 play an important role. Based on diagram 10.1, your knowledge about transmission of electrical power and other related physics concept, explain: (i)the characteristics of materials used to build the pylons. (ii)the design of the pylons. (iii)the characteristics of the cable used in the electrical power transmission.

[10 marks]

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The National Grid Network is a network of overhead cables supported on pylons as shown in Diagram 4.1.

Diagram 4.1

Table 4.1 shows the properties of cables A, B, C and D which have the same diameter and length to be used as overhead transmission cables.

Table 4.1 (i) (ii) Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the cable to be used as the overhead transmission cables. Then determine the most suitable cable and justify your choice. [ 10 marks ]

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(a)

Diagram 5.1 shows circuits P, Q, R, S and T each containing an ideal transformer. Diodes in the circuits are used for the purpose of rectification.

Diagram 5.1 Key : Kunci : Np = Number of turns in primary coil Ns = Number of turns in secondary coil (i) (ii) (iii) What is meant by ideal transformer? [1 mark] Explain the working principle of a transformer. [4 marks] You are asked to make a circuit that can be used to switch on 12 V d.c. radio. Study the circuits P, Q, R, S and T in Diagram 2.1 and consider the following aspects: - type of transformer Page | 6

- ratio of the number of turns in primary coil to secondary coil - type of rectification - characteristic of output current
Explain the suitability of the above aspects and hence, determine the most suitable circuit to switch on 12 V d.c. radio. Justify your choice. [10 marks] Diagram 5.2. shows a circuit consisting of a transformer, an ammeter and two light bulbs. The ammeter reading is 0.5 A and both bulbs light up with normal brightness. .

(b)

Diagram 5.2 (i) (ii) What is the output voltage of the transformer? Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.

[5 marks]

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