Algebra 1

Probability & Odds

Objective

Students will find the probability of an event and the odds of an event.

Vocabulary

Probability (P) is the likelihood that an event will occur. Outcomes when you do a probability experiment the different possible results are called outcomes

Event is a collection of outcomes

Types of Probability

There are 2 types of probability Theoretical Probability Experimental Probability

Lets look at each one individually

Theoretical Probability

Theoretical Probability is based upon the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes

Example:

In the roll of a die, the probability of getting an even number is 3/6 or .

How does that work?

Each die contains the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Of those numbers only 2, 4, and 6 are even. So, we can set up a ratio of the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of outcomes, which is 3/6 or 1/2

Theoretical Probability Formula

Theoretical Probability : P= Number of favorable outcomes Total number of outcomes

Example # 1

A box contains 5 green pens, 3 blue pens, 8 black pens and 4 red pens. A pen is picked at random What is the probability that the pen is green? There are 5 + 3 + 8 + 4 or 20 pens in the box
P (green) = # green pens Total # of pens = 5 =1 20 4

Example # 2

A dice has 12 sides, numbered 1 -12.

What is the probability that you will roll an even number? A 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12? P (even) = # even sides = 6 =1 Total # of sides 12 2

Experimental Probability

As the name suggests, Experimental Probability is based upon repetitions of an actual experiment.

Example: If you toss a coin 10 times and record that the number of times the result was 8 heads, then the experimental probability was 8/10 or 4/5

Experimental Probability Formula

Experimental Probability:

P=

Number of favorable outcomes Total number trials

Example #3

In an experiment a coin is tossed 15 times. The recorded outcomes were: 6 heads and 9 tails. What was the experimental probability of the coin being heads?
P (heads) = # Heads Total # Tosses = 6 15

Example #4

In an experiment a dice is rolled 30 times. The recorded outcomes were: 18 evens and 12 odds. What was the experimental probability of the dice being even?

P (even) =

# evens Total # rolls

= 18 30

Odds

Odds

Another way to describe the chance of an event occurring is with odds. The odds in favor of an event is the ratio that compares the number of ways the event can occur to the number of ways the event cannot occur.

We can determine odds using the following ratios:

Odds in Favor = Odds against = number of successes number of failures number of failures number of successes

Example #5

Suppose we play a game with 2 number cubes. If the sum of the numbers rolled is 6 or less you win! If the sum of the numbers rolled is not 6 or less you lose

In this situation we can express odds as follows:

Odds in favor = Odds against = `

numbers rolled is 6 or less numbers rolled is not 6 or less numbers rolled is not 6 or less numbers rolled is 6 or less

Example #6

A bag contains 5 yellow marbles, 3 white marbles, and 1 black marble. What are the odds drawing a white marble from the bag?
Odds in favor = number of white marbles number of non-white marbles number of non-white marbles number of white marbles 3 6 6 3

Odds against =

Therefore, the odds for are 1:2 and the odds against are 2:1

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What is the probability of rolling a multiple of 3?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

6/20 840604 5/20 840605 3/20 840606

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What are the odds of rolling a multiple of 3?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

6/20 840667 6/14 840668 14/6 - 840669

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What are the odds of rolling a multiple of 5?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

1/5 95249 4/5 95282 4/16 - 95436

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What is the probability or rolling a 6, 7 or 15?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

3/20 840775 28/20 840776 6/20 - 840777

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What are the odds of not rolling a 3 or a 19?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

18/2 840906 2/18 840907 2/20 - 840908

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What are the odds of not getting a multiple of 4?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

4/20 840966 5/15 840967 15/5 - 840968

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What is the probability of not rolling a 7, 10, 11 or a 16?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

16/4 - 841017 16/20 - 841018 4/16 - 841019

Check Results HERE

When rolling a 20 sided dice

What is the probability of not rolling a multiple of 3 or 5?

Text a CODE to 37607 or submit responses at PollEv.com

9/20 - 841112 9/11 - 841113 11/20 - 841114

Check Results HERE