Fourier series of f(x) in ( ) , Fourier series of f(x) in ( ) 2 , 0

Unit I - Fourier series

Fourier series in an interval of length 2
Even Function Odd Function
Convergence of Fourier Series:
At a continuous point x =a, Fourier series converges to f(a)
At end point c or c+2l in (c, c+2l), Fourier series converges to
2
) 2 c ( f ) c ( f + +
At a discontinuous point x =a, Fourier series converges to
2
) a ( f ) a ( f + +

=
|
.
|

\
| t
+
t
+ =
1 n
n n
0
x n
sin b
x n
cos a
2
a
) x ( f

=
|
.
|

\
| t
+
t
+ =
1 n
n n
0
x n
sin b
x n
cos a
2
a
) x ( f

}
=

2
0
0
dx ) x ( f
1
a
}
t
=


2
0
n
dx
x n
cos ) x ( f
1
a
}
t
=


2
0
n
dx
x n
sin ) x ( f
1
b

=
|
.
|

\
|
+ + =
1
0
sin cos
2
) (
n
n n
x n
b
x n
a
a
x f


}

dx x f a ) (
1
0
}

dx
x n
x f a
n

cos ) (
1
}

dx
x n
x f b
n

sin ) (
1

=
|
.
|

\
| t
+ =
1 n
n
0
x n
cos a
2
a
) x ( f

}
=

0
0
dx ) x ( f
2
a
}
t
=


0
n
dx
x n
cos ) x ( f
2
a
0 b
n
=

=
|
.
|

\
| t
=
1 n
n
x n
sin b ) x ( f

0 a
0
=
0 =
n
a
}
t
=


0
n
dx
x n
sin ) x ( f
2
b
Fourier series in the Interval of length 2

Even Function Odd Function
( )

=
+ + =
1 n
n n
0
nx sin b nx cos a
2
a
) x ( f
( )

=
+ + =
1 n
n n
0
nx sin b nx cos a
2
a
) x ( f
}
t
t
=
2
0
0
dx ) x ( f
1
a
}
t
t
=
2
0
n
nxdx cos ) x ( f
1
a
}
t
t
=
2
0
n
nxdx sin ) x ( f
1
b
( )

=
+ + =
1 n
n n
0
nx sin b nx cos a
2
a
) x ( f
}
t
t
t
= dx ) x ( f
1
a
0
}
t
t
t
= nxdx cos ) x ( f
1
a
n
}
t
t
t
= nxdx sin ) x ( f
1
b
n
( )

=
+ =
1 n
n
0
nx cos a
2
a
) x ( f
}
t
t
=
0
0
dx ) x ( f
2
a
}
t
t
=
0
n
dx nx cos ) x ( f
2
a
0 b
n
=
( )

=
=
1 n
n
nx sin b ) x ( f
0 a
0
=
0 a
n
=
}
t
t
=
0
n
dx nx sin ) x ( f
2
b
Fourier Series of f(x) in (0,2t) Fourier Series of f(x) in (- t,t)
Fourier Cosine Series Fourier Sine Series
Convergence of Fourier Cosine series:
At a continuous point x =a, Fourier cosine series converges to f(a).
At end point 0 in(0,l), Fourier cosine series converges to f(0+)
At end point l in(0,l), Fourier cosine series converges to f(l-)
Convergence of Fourier Sine series:
At a continuous point x =a, Fourier Sine series converges to f(a).
At both end points Fourier Sineseries converges to 0.
Harmonic Analysis:
(

=

N
y
2 a
0
,
(
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
| t
=

N
x n
cos y
2 a
n

,
(
(
(
(

|
.
|

\
| t
=

N
x n
sin y
2 b
n

Parsevals Theorem:
If

=
|
.
|

\
| t
+
t
+ =
1 n
n n
0
x n
sin b
x n
cos a
2
a
) x ( f

is the Fourier series of f(x) in (c, c+2l),
Then
2
y

=
+ + =
1 n
2 2
n
2
0
)
n
b a (
2
1
4
a
(or)

}

=
+
+ + =
1 n
2 2
n
2
0
2 c
c
2
) b a (
2
1
4
a
dx )] x ( f [
2
1
n

=
|
.
|

\
| t
+ =
1 n
n
0
x n
cos a
2
a
) x ( f

}
=

0
0
dx ) x ( f
2
a
}
t
=


0
n
dx
x n
cos ) x ( f
2
a

=
|
.
|

\
| t
=
1 n
n
x n
sin b ) x ( f

}
t
=


0
n
dx
x n
sin ) x ( f
2
b
Half Range Fourier series
Root Mean Square Value:
2
y
is the effective value (or) Root Mean square (RMS) value of the function y =f(x), which is given by

2
dx )] x ( f [
y
2 c
c
2
}
+
=
Some Important Results:
1. Sin nt =0 for all integer values of n
2. Cos nt=(1)
n
for all integer values of n
3. Cos2nt=1 for all integer values of n
4. Sin2nt =0 for all integer values of n
5. If f( x ) =f( x ) then f(x) is even and If f( x ) = f( x ) then f( x ) is odd.

=
) , 0 ( ) x (
) 0 , ( ) x (
) x ( f . 6
2
1

is even if either ) x ( ) x (
2 1
= or ) x ( ) x (
1 2
=

=
) , 0 ( ) x (
) 0 , ( ) x (
) x ( f . 7
2
1

is odd if either ) x ( ) x (
2 1
= or ) x ( ) x (
1 2
=

<
>
=
0 ,
0 ,
. 8
x x
x x
x

| | bx sin b bx cos a
b a
e
bxdx cos e . 9
2 2
ax
ax
+
+
=
}
| | bx cos b bx sin a
b a
e
bxdx sin e . 10
2 2
ax
ax

+
=
}
......... . 11
3 2 1
' ' + ' =
}
v u v u uv udv Where

.. .......... dx v v , dx v v , dv v ........ ,
dx
u d
u ,
dx
du
u
2 3 1 2 1
2
2
} } }
= = = = ' ' = '