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Design of an Anchor Block Type 4 Model of Type 4 Anchor Block: Example: Anchor block of Chhahare Khola MHP, Manang H1 = 2.0 m L = 1.4 m w = 1.3 m Z = 0.3 m h1 = 0.6 m h2 = 0.1 m X = 0.8 m i = 4 lc = 0 m hc = 0 m = 77 = 4 Pipe Diameter, d = 220 mm Pipe Thickness, t = 4 mm Discharge, Q = 80 lps Gross Head, hgross = 64 m Surge Head, hsurge = 5 m Distance to u/s support pier, L2u = 4m L1u = 2 m Distance to d/s support pier, L2d = 4m L1d = 2 m Distance to u/s expansion joint = 24m L4u = 24 m Number of piers at upstream = 5 Relation Used for Area Calculation: A1 H2L d + 2t (H1 H2)[ + 2Z] A2 sin 1 d + 2t (H1 H2)[L 2Z] A3 2 sin Relation Used for Centre of Gravity Calculation: 1 L X1 2 d + 2t +Z X2 2 sin 1 d + 2t [L + 2 + 4Z] X3 3 sin Relation Used for Calculating Deduction Volume Occupied by Penstock: lu (du + 2t)2 + ld (dd + 2t)2 Vp 4 4 Where d + 2t Y = H1 (X Z )tan 2 sin d + 2t H2 = Y (L X)tan + +Z 2 cos H Y lu = 1 sin L X ld = cos 0.99 m2 1.08 m2 0.37 m2

0.70 m 0.42 m 1.02 m

0.09 m2 Y = 0.34 m H2 = 0.71 m lu = 1.70 m ld = 0.60 m 1

Manual for Anchor Block, Saddle Support & Machine Foundation Design Aids 2004, Prepared By Pabitra Gurung

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Further Design Procedure for the Block, Total head, htotal = hgross + hsurge Block volume excluding pipe volume, (V)

= 64 + 5 = 69 m = w (A1 + A2 + A3) Vp = 1.30 (0.99 + 1.08 + 0.37) 0.09 m3 = 3.08 m3 = 22 kN/m3 = V concrete = 3.08 22 = 67.80 kN = 77 kN/m3 = (d + t )t steel = 0.224 0.004 77 = 0.22 kN/m = 9.81 kN/m3 d 2 = water 4 0.22 2 = 9.81 4 = 0.37 kN/m = 0.59 kN/m

Unit weight of concrete, ( concrete ) Weight of block, WB

Unit weight of concrete, ( steel ) Weight of pipe, WP

Unit weight of concrete, ( water ) Weight of water, WW

WP + WW Calculation for relevant forces: 1. F1u = (WP + WW ) L1u cos = 0.59 2 cos 77 2. F1d = (WP + WW ) L1d cos = 0.59 2 cos 4

= 0.27 kN

= 1.18 kN

3. Frictional force per support pier: = f (WP + WW ) L2u cos Where f = 0.6 for steel on concrete = 0.6 0.59 4 cos 77 = 0.32 kN per support pier Since there are 5 support piers then, F2u = 0.32 5 = 1.60 kN Note that F2d is zero since an expansion joint is located immediately downstream of the anchor block. d 2 4. F3 = 2 water htotal sin 4 2 0.22 2 4 77 = 2 9.81 69 sin = 30.61 kN 4 2
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5. F4u

= WP L4u sin = 0.22 24 sin 77 = 5.14 kN F4d is negligible since an expansion joint is placed immediately downstream of the anchor block, i.e., L4d 0 and therefore F4d 0

6. F5 = EaT (d + t )t Since the expansion joint is installed between the blocks, F5 =0 7. F6 = 100d = 100 0.22

= 22 kN

8. F7 F7u

= water htotal (d + t )t = 9.81 (69 24 sin ) 0.224 0.004 = 1.26 kN F7d = 9.81 69 0.224 0.004 = 1.91 kN Note that as discussed earlier the resultant of these forces is insignificant.

9. F8

8Q 2 sin 2 d 2 8 0.08 2 4 77 = sin 2 0.22 2

=

= 0.20 kN Note that as discussed earlier, this force is insignificant. 10. F9

2 2 (d u d d ) 4 Since the pipe diameter does not change, F9 =0

= water htotal

11. Soil force, F10 Unit weight of concrete, (?soil) For stiff clay and stiff sandy clay () Ka = cos i cos 2 i cos 2

= 20 kN/m3 = 32

cos i + cos 2 i cos 2 Since, i = 4, then Ka = 0.31

2

soil h1 cos i 2 But in this example, h1 h2 = 0.6 0.1 = 0.5 < 1, So F10 is insignificant, therefore F10 = 0

F10

= Kaw

Manual for Anchor Block, Saddle Support & Machine Foundation Design Aids 2004, Prepared By Pabitra Gurung

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Resolution of forces: = 77, = 4 Forces (kN) X component (kN) + Y component (kN) + F1u = 0.27 F1u sin = 0.26 + F1u cos = + 0.06 + F1u cos = + 1.18 F1u sin = 0.08 F1d = 1.18 F2u sin = 1.56 F2u cos = 0.36 F2u = 1.60 Negative during 1expansion Negative during 1expansion Positive during 2contraction Positive during 2contraction + + + F3 sin F3 cos F3 = 30.61 = 19.88 = + 23.28 2 2 F4u = 5.14 + F4u sin = + 5.01 + F4u cos = + 1.16 F6 (cos cos ) = ( 17.00) F6 (sin sin ) = ( 19.90) 1 F6 = 22 Positive during expansion Positive during 1expansion Negative during 2contraction Negative during 2contraction F7u = 1.26 + F7u sin = + 1.23 + F7u cos = + 0.28 F cos = 1.90 F7d sin = 0.13 F7d = 1.91 7d + + + F8 sin F8 cos F8 = 0.20 = 0.13 = + 0.15 2 2 WB = 67.80 0 + 67.80 1 H = 38.17 Expansion V = + 77.12 1Expansion SUM H = 3.45 2Contraction V = + 120.04 2Contraction Note that forces are positive in X-direction is towards the right and Y-direction downwards. Sum of horizontal forces that act at the bend, 1 Expansion case 2 Contraction case Sum of vertical forces that act at the bend,
1 2

= H F10 x = 38.17 0 = 3.45 0 = V F10 y WB

= 38.17 kN = 3.45 kN

Expansion case Contraction case

= + 77.12 0 67.80 = + 9.32 kN = + 120.04 0 67.80 = + 52.24 kN

Calculate for the centre of gravity of the block from the upstream face of the block taking the moment of mass. The effect of the pipe passing through the block is considered negligible, so need not be calculated.
X =

w concrete w concrete i 0.99 0.70 + 1.08 0.42 + 0.37 1.02 = 0.99 + 1.08 + 0.37
i i

A X A

= 0.62 m

The weight of the block WB acts 0.62 m from point O.

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A force diagram on the block is as shown in Figure; Checking for Safety of the Block: 1. Checking safety against overturning
1

Expansion Case

Taking sum of moment about point O with clockwise moments as positive: M at O, = 67.80 0.62 + 9.32 0.80 38.17 0.34 = 36.52 kN-m M 36.52 = 0.48 m = V 77.12 L M = 0.70 0.48 = 0.22 e= 2 V L 1.40 eallowable = base = = 0.23 6 6 e < eallowable OK
2

Contraction Case

Taking sum of moment about point O with clockwise moments as positive: M at O, = 67.80 0.62 + 52.24 0.80 3.45 0.34 = 82.66 kN-m M 82.66 = = 0.69 m V 120.04 L M = 0.70 0.69 = 0.01 e= 2 V L 1.40 eallowable = base = = 0.23 6 6 e < eallowable OK Since e < eallowable for both cases, the structure is safe against overturning. 2. Checking safety on bearing capacity For very stiff boulder clay allowable bearing pressure is 350 kN/m2
1

Expansion Case

Pbase =

V Abase

6e 1 + L base
OK

77.12 6 0.22 2 = 1.4 1.3 1 + 1.4 = 82.33 kN/m

Pbase < Pallowable

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Contraction Case

Pbase =

V Abase

6e 1 + L base
OK

120.04 6 0.01 2 = 1.4 1.3 1 + 1.4 = 68.78 kN/m

Pbase < Pallowable

In both cases Pbase < Pallowable = 350 kN/m2, the structure is safe against sinking. 3. Checking safety against sliding
1

Expansion Case

H < V = 0.5 for concrete/masonry on soil

38.17 kN < 0.5 77.12 kN 38.17 kN < 38.56 kN OK

2

Contraction Case

H < V = 0.5 for concrete/masonry on soil

3.45 kN < 0.5 120.04 kN 3.45 kN < 60.02 kN OK Since, H < V in both cases the structure is safe against sliding. The anchor block is stable.

Manual for Anchor Block, Saddle Support & Machine Foundation Design Aids 2004, Prepared By Pabitra Gurung