INTEGRATED STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

WATER QUALITY Limit or reduce the amount of sedimentation and pollutants that are transported in storm water runoff and limit or reduce the amount of erosion of topsoil caused by storm water runoff. Pollutants that accumulate on roadways, parking lots, rooftops and paved areas are transported by storm water runoff during rain events and deposited into out fall water bodies degrading water quality. Integrated Storm Water Management (ISWM), also known as low impact development (LID), improves water quality by pre treating runoff prior to out fall and results in value-added site amenities. The objective of ISWM/LID is to maintain or restore the sites natural hydrology by keeping rainwater where it falls instead of diverting it to the storm drain system and out fall water bodies without treatment. WATER HARVESTING Capture on-site rain water from impervious surfaces for the purpose of supplementing irrigation and/or building water requirements to reduce the demand for potable water. Simple systems to capture rooftop runoff include connecting down spouts to rain washers (sand filters) that are connected to storage tanks. The water is then used for irrigation or treated for building use, most often for toilet flushing. Advanced systems exist to mechanically treat higher levels of contamination and higher volumes of runoff from parking lots or other paved areas. The costs associated with these systems can be offset by the reduction of elaborate storm runoff piping systems. WATER TREATMENT AND RECOVERY Storm water management on the site is limited by the overall site density and area of landscape. Flood protection for the buildings, parking garages, and other site improvements will be a significant challenge. However, the overall drainage patterns, conveyance channels, off-site storage ponds, and other appurtenances that must be constructed for flood protection, also offer opportunities for storm water harvesting and water quality enhancement during smaller rainfall events. The rainfall patterns do increase the challenge for flood protection during the rainy periods and adequate water supply during the dry periods. Water recovery and reuse will be important elements in development of a competitive and aesthetically pleasing development.

BLACK WATER TREATMENT AND RECOVERY Provide on-site treatment of black water for on-site reuse. Typical treatment for domestic sewage includes primary and secondary treatment. Effluent is then discharged to local streams or other water bodies. This effluent can be used on site for irrigation for building us with the addition of a tertiary treatment process to further filter and disinfect the effluent. This provides one of the most consistent, years around supplies of water for irrigation. STORM WATER TREATMENT AND REUSE Harvest storm water for use as supplemental irrigation, or for indoor building uses such as toilet flushing. Where little opportunity exists for long term storage of storm water for later use during the dry season, the focus will be on enhancing the quality of the storm water before it leaves the site. The intensity of the development proposed for the Hill County development will significantly alter the natural drainage characteristics of the site. The natural landform and catchment characteristics, will however be used to inform the design approach for overall urban drainage strategy. The goal of the strategy is to adopt a non-traditional (green engineered) design for the urban storm water system that achieves the following: Promotes natural infiltration wherever possible; Clean and enhance urban storm water run-off utilizing both mechanical and landscape solutions; Reduce the peak flows of urban storm water runoff through utilizing micro -detention facilities within the landscape; Reduce sediment load of run-off through use of hydrodynamic separators, trash racks, bio-swales and similar green engineering techniques; Reduce nutrient loads through landscape area filtration, water storage pond s with macrophytic margins and the limited use of mechanical or chemical facilities; Utilize grey water reuse within landscape irrigation system where practical; Promote ground water recharge where possible and appropriate.

URBAN CORE STRATEGY Large portions of the urban core area will contain impermeable surface material, and /or will be developed over structure. It is, however still possible to implement a nontraditional, more sustainable storm water management and treatment techniques. Urban core strategies will utilize the following elements: Utilization of permeable paving wherever possible; Design of site grading to allow micro-detention within landscape areas; Incorporation of hydrodynamic separators or similar green engineered installations to reduce point source sediment and nutrient loading, particularly from roadways, parking areas and areas where high concentrations of pollutants are likely to occur; Utilization of terraces to assist level changes where appropriate; Use of paving, rock or sculptural wall, stair and structural devices to create impromptu waterfalls during the monsoon season; Utilization of reused water for irrigation wherever appropriate. TRANSITIONAL AREA TREATMENTS It is anticipated that the percentage permeable surfaces will increase slightly within transition areas. However, areas of steep slope occur within this zone, and it is likely that significant areas of structural deck and landscape terracing will be required to take up this level change. As with the urban core, micro-detention areas will be incorporated within the landscape to assist slowing runoff, and water permeability will be encouraged within landscape areas. Transition area strategies will utilize the following elements: Utilization of permeable paving and in-ground landscape treatments wherever possible; Design of site grading to allow micro-detention within landscape areas; Incorporation of bio-swales wherever possible to assist water quality; Utilization of terraces to assist l evel changes where appropriate; Use of paving, rock or sculptural wall, stair and structural devices to create impromptu waterfalls during the monsoon season; Maximize opportunities for groundwater recharge; Utilization of reused water for irrigation wherever appropriate.

PERIMETER AREA TREATMENTS The more natural landscape character within the perimeter areas affords the greatest opportunity to implement green engineering solutions within an integrated landscape/ storm water management design. The perimeter areas will likely contain the highest percentage of permeable surfaces through more traditional on-grade gardens within residential and mixed use districts, which allows for not only a higher level of ground infiltration, butalso for localized detention areas, overland bio-swales to assist with both sediment and nutrient capture, and potentially water settlement ponds to assist in a high level of nutrient cleansing. Perimeter area strategies will utilize the following elements: Maximize use of permeable paving and in-ground landscape treatments wherever possible; Design of site grading to allow micro-detention within landscape areas; Incorporation of bio-swales wherever possible to assist water quality; Utilization of terraces to assist level changes where appropriate; Use of paving, rock or sculptural wall, stair and structural devices to create impromptu waterfalls during the monsoon season; Maximize opportunities for groundwater recharge; Utilization of reused water for irrigation wherever appropriate. Utilization of water storage ponds at perimeter, or off-site to temporarily store water for sediment and nutrient unload and for irrigation reuse