Section 8.

3
C08S03.001: Let u = x and dv = e
2x
dx: du = dx and choose v =
1
2
e
2x
. Then
_
xe
2x
dx =
1
2
xe
2x

_
1
2
e
2x
dx =
1
2
xe
2x

1
4
e
2x
+ C.
C08S03.002: Let u = x
2
and dv = e
2x
dx: du = 2x dx and choose v =
1
2
e
2x
. Then
_
x
2
e
2x
dx =
1
2
x
2
e
2x

_
xe
2x
dx =
1
2
x
2
e
2x

1
2
xe
2x
+
1
4
e
2x
+ C.
The last equality follows from the result in Problem 1.
C08S03.003: Let u = t and dv = sint dt: du = dt and choose v = cos t. Then
_
t sint dt = t cos t +
_
cos t dt = t cos t + sint + C.
C08S03.004: Let u = t
2
and dv = sint dt: du = 2t dt and choose v = cos t. Then
_
t
2
sint dt = t
2
cos t + 2
_
t cos t dt.
Next, let u = t and dv = cos t dt: du = dt and choose v = sint. Then
_
t
2
sint dt = t
2
cos t + 2
_
t sint
_
sint dt
_
= t
2
cos t + 2t sint + 2 cos t + C.
C08S03.005: Let u = x and dv = cos 3x dx: du = dx and choose v =
1
3
sin3x. Then
_
xcos 3x dx =
1
3
xsin3x
1
3
_
sin3x dx =
1
3
xsin3x +
1
9
cos 3x + C.
C08S03.006: Let u = lnx and dv = x dx: du =
1
x
dx and choose v =
1
2
x
2
. Then
_
xlnx dx =
1
2
x
2
lnx
_
1
2
x dx =
1
2
x
2
lnx
1
4
x
2
+ C.
C08S03.007: Let u = lnxand dv = x
3
dx: du =
1
x
dx and choose v =
1
4
x
4
. Then
_
x
3
lnx dx =
1
4
x
4
lnx
1
4
_
x
3
dx =
1
4
x
4
lnx
1
16
x
4
+ C.
C08S03.008: Let u = cos 3z and dv = e
3z
dz: du = 3 sin3z dz and choose v =
1
3
e
3z
. Then
_
e
3z
cos 3z dz =
1
3
e
3z
cos 3z +
_
e
3z
sin3z dz.
Next let u = sin3z and dv = e
3z
dz: du = 3 cos 3z dz and choose v =
1
3
e
3z
. Then
1
_
e
3z
cos 3z dz =
1
3
e
3z
cos 3z +
1
3
e
3z
sin3z
_
e
3z
cos 3z dz;
2
_
e
3z
cos 3z dz =
1
3
e
3z
cos 3z +
1
3
e
3z
sin3z + 2C;
_
e
3z
cos 3z dz =
1
6
e
3z
(cos 3z + sin3z) + C.
C08S03.009: Let u = arctanx and dv = dx: du =
1
1 + x
2
dx and choose v = x. Then
_
arctanx dx = xarctanx
_
x
1 + x
2
dx = xarctanx
1
2
ln(1 + x
2
) + C.
C08S03.010: Let u = lnx and dv =
1
x
2
dx: du =
1
x
dx and choose v =
1
x
. Then
_
lnx
x
2
dx =
1
x
lnx +
_
1
x
2
dx =
1
x
lnx
1
x
+ C.
C08S03.011: Let u = lny and dv = y
1/2
dy: du =
1
y
dy and choose v =
2
3
y
3/2
. Then
_
y
1/2
lny dy =
2
3
y
3/2
lny
2
3
_
y
1/2
dy =
2
3
y
3/2
lny
4
9
y
3/2
+ C.
C08S03.012: Let u = x and dv = sec
2
x dx: du = dx and choose v = tanx. Then
_
x sec
2
x dx = x tanx
_
sinx
cos x
dx = x tanx + ln|cos x| + C.
C08S03.013: Let u = (lnt)
2
and dv = dt: du =
2 lnt
t
dt and choose v = t. Then
_
(lnt)
2
dt = t(lnt)
2
2
_
lnt dt.
Next let u = lnt and dv = dt: du =
1
t
dt and choose v = t. Thus
_
(lnt)
2
dt = t(lnt)
2
2
_
t lnt
_
1 dt
_
= t(lnt)
2
2t lnt + 2t + C.
C08S03.014: Let u = (lnt)
2
and dv = t dt. Then du =
2 lnt
t
dt; choose v =
1
2
t
2
. Thus
_
t(lnt)
2
dt =
1
2
(t lnt)
2

_
t lnt dt =
1
2
(t lnt)
2

1
2
t
2
lnt +
1
4
t
2
+ C.
(The last equality follows from the result in Problem 6.)
C08S03.015: Let u = x and dv = (x + 3)
1/2
dx: du = dx and choose v =
2
3
(x + 3)
3/2
. Then
2
_
x(x + 3)
1/2
dx =
2
3
x(x + 3)
3/2

2
3
_
(x + 3)
3/2
dx =
2
3
x(x + 3)
3/2

4
15
(x + 3)
5/3
+ C
= (x + 3)
3/2
_
2
3
x
4
15
x
4
5
_
+ C = (x + 3)
3/2
_
6x 12
15
_
+ C
=
2
5
(x 2)(x + 3)
3/2
+ C =
2
5
(x
2
+ x 6)

x + 3 + C.
C08S03.016: Let u = x
2
and dv = x(1 x
2
)
1/2
: du = 2x dx; choose v =
1
3
(1 x
2
)
3/2
. Then
_
x
3
(1 x
2
)
1/2
dx =
1
3
x
2
(1 x
2
)
3/2
+
2
3
_
x(1 x
2
)
3/2
dx
=
1
3
x
2
(1 x
2
)
3/2

2
15
(1 x
2
)
5/2
+ C = (1 x
2
)
3/2
_
1
3
x
2
+
2
15
(1 x
2
)
_
+ C
= (1 x
2
)
3/2
_
3x
2
+ 2
15
_
+ C =
1
15
(3x
4
x
2
x)
_
1 x
2
+ C.
C08S03.017: Let u = x
3
and dv = x
2
(x
3
+ 1)
1/2
dx: du = 3x
2
dx and choose v =
2
9
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2
. Then
_
x
5
(x
3
+ 1)
1/2
dx =
2
9
x
3
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2

2
3
_
x
2
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2
dx =
2
9
x
3
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2

4
45
(x
3
+ 1)
5/2
+ C
=
1
45
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2
_
10x
3
4(x
3
+ 1)

+ C =
1
45
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2
(6x
3
4) + C
=
2
45
(x
3
+ 1)
3/2
(3x
3
2) + C =
2
45
(x
3
+ 1)
1/2
(3x
6
+ x
3
2) + C.
C08S03.018: Let u = sin and dv = sin d: du = cos d and choose v = cos . Then
_
sin
2
d = sin cos +
_
cos
2
d
= sin cos +
_
(1 cos
2
) d = sin cos +
_
sin
2
d;
2
_
sin
2
d = sin cos + 2C;
_
sin
2
d =
1
2
( sin cos ) + C.
C08S03.019: Let u = csc and dv = csc
2
d: du = csc cot and choose v = cot . Then
_
csc
3
d = csc cot
_
csc cot
2
d
= csc cot
_
(csc )(csc
2
1) d = csc cot
_
csc
3
d +
_
csc d;
2
_
csc
3
d = csc cot + ln|csc cot | + 2C;
_
csc
3
d =
1
2
csc cot +
1
2
ln|csc cot | + C.
3
Mathematica 3.0 returns the antiderivative in the form
C
1
2
cot csc
1
2
ln
_
cos

2
_
+
1
2
ln
_
sin

2
_
,
whereas Maple V ver. 5.1 yields an answer that is essentially the same as the one we obtained by hand.
C08S03.020: Let u = sin(lnt) and dv = dt: du =
1
t
cos(ln t) and choose v = t. Then
_
sin(lnt) dt = t sin(lnt)
_
cos(lnt) dt.
Now let u = cos(lnt) and dv = dt: du =
1
t
sin(lnt) dt, and choose v = t. Thus
_
sin(lnt) dt = t sin(lnt) t cos(ln t)
_
sin(lnt) dt;
_
sin(lnt) dt =
1
2
t sin(lnt)
1
2
t cos(ln t) + C.
C08S03.021: Let u = arctanx and dv = x
2
dx: du =
1
1 + x
2
dx and choose v =
1
3
x
3
. Then
_
x
2
arctanx dx =
1
3
x
3
arctanx
1
3
_
x
3
x
2
+ 1
dx
=
1
3
x
3
arctanx
1
3
_ _
x
x
x
2
+ 1
_
+ C =
1
3
x
2
arctanx
1
6
x
2
+
1
6
ln(x
2
+ 1) + C.
C08S03.022: Let u = ln(1 + x
2
) and dv = dx: du =
2x
1 + x
2
dx and choose v = x. Then
_
ln(1 + x
2
) dx = xln(1 + x
2
)
_
2x
2
1 + x
2
dx
= xln(1 + x
2
)
_ _
2
2
1 + x
2
_
dx = xln(1 + x
2
) 2x + 2 arctanx + C.
C08S03.023: Let u = arcsec(x
1/2
) and dv = dx: du =
1
2x(x 1)
1/2
dx and choose v = x. Then
_
arcsec(x
1/2
) dx = xarcsec(x
1/2
)
1
2
_
(x 1)
1/2
dx = xarcsec(x
1/2
) (x 1)
1/2
+ C.
C08S03.024: Let u = arctan(x
1/2
) and dv = x dx: then du =
1
2(1 + x)x
1/2
dx; choose v =
1
2
x
2

1
2
(for
a sly reason). Then
_
xarctan(x
1/2
) dx =
x
2
1
2
arctan(x
1/2
)
1
4
_
x
2
1
(x + 1)x
1/2
dx
=
x
2
1
2
arctan(x
1/2
)
1
4
_
x 1
x
1/2
dx =
x
2
1
2
arctan(x
1/2
)
1
4
_
(x
1/2
x
1/2
) dx
=
x
2
1
2
arctan(x
1/2
)
1
6
x
3/2
+
1
2
x
1/2
+ C.
4
C08S03.025: Let u = arctan(x
1/2
) and dv = dx: du =
1
2(x + 1)x
1/2
dx and cleverly choose v = x + 1.
Then
_
arctan(x
1/2
) dx = (x + 1) arctan(x
1/2
)
1
2
_
x
1/2
dx = (x + 1) arctan(x
1/2
) x
1/2
+ C.
C08S03.026: Let u = x
2
and dv = cos 4x dx: du = 2x dx and choose v =
1
4
sin4x. Then
_
x
2
cos 4x dx =
1
4
x
2
sin4x
1
2
_
xsin4x dx.
Next let u = x and dv = sin4x dx. Then du = dx; choose v =
1
4
cos 4x. Hence
_
x
2
cos 4x dx =
1
4
x
2
sin4x
1
2
_

1
4
xcos 4x +
1
4
_
cos 4x dx
_
=
1
4
x
2
sin4x +
1
8
xcos 4x
1
32
sin4x + C.
C08S03.027: Let u = x and dv = csc
2
x dx: du = dx; choose v = cot x. Then
_
xcsc
2
x dx = xcot x +
_
cos x
sinx
dx = xcot x + ln|sinx| + C.
C08S03.028: Let u = arctanx and dv = x dx: du =
1
1 + x
2
dx; choose v =
1
2
x
2
+
1
2
. Then
_
xarctanx dx =
x
2
+ 1
2
arctanx
_
1
2
dx =
x
2
+ 1
2
arctanx
1
2
x + C.
C08S03.029: Let u = x
2
and dv = xcos x
2
dx: du = 2x dx and choose v =
1
2
sinx
2
. Then
_
x
3
cos x
2
dx =
1
2
x
2
sinx
2

_
xsinx
2
dx =
1
2
x
2
sinx
2
+
1
2
cos x
2
+ C.
C08S03.030: Suppose that a and b are nonzero real constants. Choose u = e
ax
and dv = sinbx dx. Then
du = ae
ax
dx; choose v =
1
b
cos bx. Then
I =
_
e
ax
sinbs dx =
1
b
e
ax
cos bx +
a
b
_
e
ax
cos bx dx.
Now let u = e
ax
and dv = cos bx dx. Then du = ae
ax
dx; choose v =
1
b
sinbx. Thus
I =
1
b
e
ax
cos bx +
a
b
2
e
ax
sinbx
a
2
b
2
I;
a
2
+ b
2
b
2
I =
ae
ax
sinbx be
ax
cos bx
b
2
+ C
1
;
I =
_
e
ax
sinbx dx =
a sinbx b cos bx
a
2
+ b
2
e
ax
+ C.
So
_
e
3x
sin4x dx =
3 sin4x + 4 cos 4x
25
e
3x
+ C.
5
C08S03.031: Let u = lnx and dv = x
3/2
dx: du =
1
x
dx and choose v = 2x
1/2
. Then
_
lnx
x
3/2
dx =
2 lnx
x
1/2
+ 2
_
x
3/2
dx =
2 lnx
x
1/2

4
x
1/2
+ C.
C08S03.032: Let u = x
4
and dv =
x
3
(1 + x
4
)
3/2
dx: du = 4x
3
dx and choose v =
1
2
(1 + x
4
)
1/2
. Then
_
x
7
(1 + x
4
)
3/2
dx =
1
2
x
4
(1 + x
4
)
1/2
+ 2
_
x
3
(1 + x
4
)
1/2
dx
=
x
4
2

1 + x
4
+
_
1 + x
4
+ C =
2(1 + x
4
) x
4
2

1 + x
4
+ C =
x
4
+ 2
2

x
4
+ 1
+ C.
C08S03.033: Let u = x and dv = cosh x dx: du = dx and choose v = sinhx. Then
_
xcosh x dx = xsinhx
_
cosh x dx = xsinhx cosh x + C.
C08S03.034: First method:
_
e
x
cosh xdx =
1
2
_
_
e
2x
+ 1
_
dx =
1
4
e
2x
+
1
2
x + C
1
=
1
4
_
e
2x
+ 1
_

1
4
+
1
2
x + C
1
=
1
4
e
x
_
e
x
+ e
x
_
+
1
2
x + C
=
1
2
e
x
cosh x +
1
2
x + C.
Second method: Presented because no integration by parts is used in the rst method, although what follows
is somewhat articial.
_
u= e
x
dv = cosh xdx
du= e
x
dx v = sinhx
_
J =
_
e
x
cosh xdx = e
x
sinhx
_
e
x
sinhxdx.
Now e
x
sinhx =
1
2
_
e
2x
1
_
=
1
2
_
e
2x
+ 1
_
1 = e
x
cosh x 1. Therefore
J = e
x
sinhx J +
_
1 dx; it follows that
_
e
x
cosh xdx =
1
2
e
x
sinhx +
1
2
x + C.
Third method: It appears that Mathematica 3.0 simply writes cosh x in exponential form and then returns
the antiderivative as
C +
1
4
e
2x
+
1
2
x.
Fourth method: Maple V version 5.1 returns an answer that, because of its similarity to the second answer
here, suggests that integration by parts is used:
1
2
cosh
2
x +
1
2
cosh x sinhx +
1
2
x + C.
C08S03.035: Let t = x
2
. Then dt = 2xdx, so
1
2
t dt = x
3
dx. This substitution transforms the given
integral into
6
I =
1
2
_
t sint dt.
Then integrate by parts: Let u = t, dv = sint dt. Thus du = dt and v = cos t, and hence
2I = t cos t +
_
cos t dt = t cos t + sint + C.
Therefore
_
x
3
sinx
2
dx =
1
2
_
x
2
cos x
2
+ sinx
2
_
+ C.
C08S03.036: Let t = x
4
. Then dt = 4x
3
dx, so x
7
=
1
4
t dt. Thus the given integral becomes
I =
1
4
_
t cos t dt.
Now let u = t and dv = cos t dt, so that du = dt and v = sint. Hence
4I = t sint
_
sint dt = t sint + cos t + C.
Therefore I =
1
4
_
x
4
sinx
4
+ cos x
4
_
+ C.
C08S03.037: Let t =

x, so that x = t
2
and dx = 2t dt. Thus
I =
_
exp
_

x
_
dx =
_
2t exp(t) dt.
Now let u = 2t and dv = exp(t) dt. Then du = 2 dt and v = exp(t). Hence
I = 2t exp(t) +
_
2 exp(t) dt = 2t exp(t) 2 exp(t) + C.
Therefore
I = 2

x exp
_

x
_
2 exp
_

x
_
+ C.
C08S03.038: Let t = x
3/2
. Then dt =
3
2
x
1/2
dx, so t dt =
3
2
x
2
dx. Therefore
I =
_
x
2
sinx
3/2
dx =
2
3
_
t sint dt =
2
3
(t cos t + sint) + C.
(The integration by parts is the same as in the solution of Problem 35.) Therefore
I =
2
3
_
x
3/2
cos x
3/2
+ sinx
3/2
_
+ C.
C08S03.039: The volume is
V =
_
/2
0
2x cos x dx = 2
_
/2
0
x cos x dx.
Let u = x and dv = cos x dx: du = dx and choose v = sinx. Then
7
_
x cos x dx = x sinx
_
sinx dx = x sinx + cos x + C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
x sinx + cos x
_
/2
0
= 2
_

2
1
_
=
2
2 3.5864190939.
C08S03.040: The volume is
V =
_

0
2xsinx dx = 2
_

0
xsinx dx.
Let u = x and dv = sinx dx: du = dx and choose v = cos x. Then
_
xsinx dx = xcos x +
_
cos x dx = xcos x + sinx + C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
xcos x + sinx
_

0
= 2 ( + 0 0 0) = 2
2
19.7392088022.
C08S03.041: The volume is
V =
_
e
1
2xlnx dx = 2
_
e
1
xlnx dx.
Let u = lnx and dv = x dx: du =
1
x
dx and choose v =
1
2
x
2
. Then
_
xlnx dx =
1
2
x
2
lnx
_
1
2
x dx =
1
2
x
2
lnx
1
4
x
2
+ C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
1
2
x
2
lnx
1
4
x
2
_
e
1
= 2
_
1
2
e
2

1
4
e
2
+
1
4
_
=

2
(e
2
+ 1) 13.1774985055.
C08S03.042: The volume is
V =
_
1
0
2xe
x
dx = 2
_
1
0
xe
x
dx.
Let u = x and dv = e
x
dx: du = dx and choose v = e
x
. Then
_
xe
x
dx = xe
x
+
_
e
x
dx = xe
x
e
x
+ C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
(x + 1)e
x
_
1
0
= 2
_
1
2
e
_
=
2(e 2)
e
1.6602759080.
8
C08S03.043: The curves intersect at the point (a, b) in the rst quadrant for which a 0.824132312. The
volume is
V =
_
a
0
2x
_
(cos x) x
2

dx = 2
_
a
0
(xcos x x
3
) dx.
To nd the antiderivative of xcos x, let u = x and dv = cos x dx. Then du = dx; choose v = sinx. Thus
_
xcos x dx = xsinx
_
sinx dx = xsinx + cos x + C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
xsinx + cos x
1
4
x
4
_
a
0
1.06027.
C08S03.044: The curves intersect where x = 0 and where x = a 3.110367680. The volume is
V =
_
a
0
2x(10x x
2
e
x
+ 1) dx = 2
_
a
0
(10x
2
x
3
xe
x
+ x) dx.
Let u = x and dv = e
x
dx. Then du = dx; choose v = e
x
. Then
_
xe
x
dx = xe
x

_
e
x
dx = xe
x
e
x
+ C = (x 1)e
x
+ C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
10
3
x
3

1
4
x
4
(x 1)e
x
+
1
2
x
2
_
a
0
209.907.
C08S03.045: The curves intersect where x = 0 and where x = a 2.501048238. The volume is
V =
_
a
0
2x
_
2x x
2
+ ln(x + 1)

dx = 2
_
a
0
_
2x
2
x
3
+ xln(x + 1)

dx.
Let u = ln(x + 1) and dv = x dx. Then du =
1
x + 1
dx; choose v =
1
2
x
2

1
2
. Then
_
xln(x + 1) dx =
x
2
1
2
ln(x + 1)
1
2
_
x
2
1
x + 1
dx =
x
2
1
2
ln(x + 1)
1
4
x
2
+
1
2
x + C.
Therefore
V = 2
_
2
3
x
3

1
4
x
4
+
1
2
(x
2
1) ln(x + 1)
1
4
x
2
+
1
2
x
_
a
0
22.7894.
C08S03.046: Let u = arctanx and dv = 2x dx: du =
1
1 + x
2
dx and choose v = x
2
+ 1. Then
_
2xarctanx dx = (x
2
+ 1) arctanx x + C.
Such a choice of v is permitted for the following reason. Suppose that K is a constant. Then if we use
v(x) + K rather than v(x), the result is
9
u (v + K)
_
(v + K) du = uv + Ku
_
v du
_
K du
= uv + Ku
_
v du Ku = uv
_
v du =
_
u dv.
C08S03.047: First choose u = xe
x
and dv = cos x dx. This yields
I =
_
xe
x
cos xdx = xe
x
sinx
_
(x + 1) e
x
sinxdx.
Now choose u = (x + 1) e
x
and dv = sinx dx;
I = xe
x
sinx + (x + 1) e
x
cos x
_
(x + 2) e
x
cos x dx
= xe
x
sinx + (x + 1) e
x
cos x 2
_
e
x
cos x dx I.
Thus
2I = xe
x
sinx + (x + 1) e
x
cos x 2
_
e
x
cos x dx. (1)
Compute the right-hand integral by parts separately: Let u = e
x
and dv = cos x dx. Then du = e
x
dx;
choose v = sinx. Thus
J =
_
e
x
cos x dx = e
x
sinx
_
e
x
sinx dx.
Now let u = e
x
and dv = sinx dx. So du = e
x
dx; choose v cos x. Thus
J = e
x
sinx
_
e
x
cos x +
_
e
x
cos x dx
_
= e
x
sinx + e
x
cos x J.
Thus J =
1
2
(sinx + cos x)e
x
+ C. Substitute this result in Eq. (1), then solve for I:
I =
1
2
xe
x
cos x +
1
2
(x 1) e
x
sinx + C.
C08S03.048: Given: Constants A and B, neither zero, A = B, and J =
_
sinAx cos Bx dx. Let
u = sinAx and dv = cos Bxdx. Result:
J =
1
B
sinAx sinBx +
A
B
_
cos Ax sinBx dx.
In the second integral, let u = cos Ax and dv = sinBx dx (the other choice doesnt work). You will nd that
J =
1
B
sinAx sinBx +
A
B
2
cos Ax cos Bx +
A
2
B
2
J.
Now solve for J to obtain
10
J =
B
B
2
A
2
sinAx sinBx +
A
B
2
A
2
cos Ax cos Bx + C.
In particular, we get the integral in Problem 48 by choosing A = 3 and B = 1, thus obtaining
_
sin3x cos xdx =
1
8
sin3x sinx
3
8
cos 3x cos x + C.
See Problems 4952 of Section 8.4 for a better way, which yields the antiderivative in the alternative form

1
8
cos 4x
1
4
cos 2x + C, as do both Mathematica 3.0 and Maple V version 5.1.
C08S03.049: Let u = x
n
and dv = e
x
dx: du = nx
n1
dx and choose v = e
x
. Then
_
x
n
e
x
dx = x
n
e
x
n
_
x
n1
e
x
dx, n 1.
C08S03.050: Let u = x
n1
and dv = xe
x
2
dx: du = (n 1)x
n2
dx; choose v =
1
2
e
x
2
. Then
_
x
n
e
x
2
dx =
1
2
x
n1
e
x
2
+
n 1
2
_
x
n2
e
x
2
dx, n 2.
C08S03.051: Let u = (lnx)
n
and dv = dx: du =
n(lnx)
n1
x
dx; choose v = x. Then
_
(lnx)
n
dx = x(lnx)
n
n
_
(lnx)
n1
dx, n 1.
C08S03.052: Let u = x
n
and dv = cos x dx: du = nx
n1
dx; choose v = sinx. Then
_
x
n
cos x dx = x
n
sinx n
_
x
n1
sinx dx, n 1.
C08S03.053: Let u = (sinx)
n1
and dv = sinx dx. Then du = (n 1)(sinx)
n2
cos x dx; choose
v = cos x. Then
I
n
=
_
(sinx)
n
dx = (sinx)
n1
cos x + (n 1)
_
(sinx)
n2
cos
2
x dx
= (sinx)
n1
cos x + (n 1)
_
(sinx)
n2
dx (n 1)
_
(sinx)
n
dx;
nI
n
= (sinx)
n1
cos x + (n 1)I
n2
;
I
n
=
1
n
(sinx)
n1
cos x +
n 1
n
I
n2
, n 2.
C08S03.054: Let
J
n
=
_
(cos x)
n
dx, n 2.
Then let u = (cos x)
n1
and dv = cos x dx: du = (n 1)(cos x)
n2
sinx dx; choose v = sinx. Hence
11
J
n
= (cos x)
n1
sinx + (n 1)
_
(cos x)
n2
sin
2
x dx
= (cos x)
n1
sinx + (n 1)
_
(cos x)
n2
dx (n 1)
_
(cos x)
n
dx;
nJ
n
= (cos x)
n1
sinx + (n 1)J
n2
;
J
n
=
1
n
(cos x)
n1
sinx +
n 1
n
J
n2
.
C08S03.055: The formula in Problem 49 yields
_
1
0
x
3
e
x
dx =
_
x
3
e
x
_
1
0
3
_
1
0
x
2
e
x
dx = e 3
_
_
x
2
e
x
_
1
0
2
_
1
0
xe
x
dx
_
= e 3e + 6
_
_
xe
x
_
1
0

_
1
0
e
x
dx
_
= 2e + 6e 6
_
e
x
_
1
0
= 4e 6e + 6 = 6 2e 0.5634363431.
C08S03.056: Let J
n
=
_
1
0
x
n
e
x
2
dx. Then from the solution of Problem 50 we conclude that
J
n
=
1
2e
+
n 1
2
J
n2
.
Therefore
J
5
=
1
2e
+ 2J
3
=
1
2e

2
2e
+ 2
_
1
0
xe
x
2
dx
=
1
2e

1
e
+ 2
_

1
2
e
x
2
_
1
0
=
3
2e
+ 1
1
e
=
2e 5
2e
0.0803013971.
C08S03.057:
_
(lnx)
3
dx = x(lnx)
3
3
_
x(lnx)
2
dx 2
_
xlnx dx
_
1 dx. Therefore
_
e
1
(lnx)
3
dx =
_
x(lnx)
3
3x(lnx)
2
+ 6x(lnx) 6x
_
e
1
= e 3e + 6e 6e + 6 = 6 2e 0.5634363431.
C08S03.058: Let I
n
=
_
/2
0
(sinx)
n
dx for n 0. By the result in Problem 53,
I
2n
=
_

(sinx)
2n1
cos x
2n
_
/2
0
+
2n 1
2n
I
2n2
=
2n 1
2n
I
2n2
=
2n 1
2n

2n 3
2n 2
I
2n4
=
2n 1
2n

2n 3
2n 2

2n 5
2n 4

3
4

1
2
_
/2
0
1 dx
=
2n 1
2n

2n 3
2n 2

2n 5
2n 4

3
4

1
2


2
.
12
Again using the result in Problem 53,
I
2n+1
=
_

(sinx)
2n
cos x
2n
_
/2
0
+
2n
2n + 1
I
2n1
=
2n
2n + 1
I
2n1
=
2n
2n + 1

2n 2
2n 1
I
2n3
=
2n
2n + 1

2n 2
2n 1

2n 4
2n 3

4
5

2
3

_
/2
0
sinx dx
=
2n
2n + 1

2n 2
2n 1

2n 4
2n 3

4
5

2
3

_
cos x
_
/2
0
=
2n
2n + 1

2n 2
2n 1

2n 4
2n 3

4
5

2
3
.
C08S03.059: Part (a): Let u = x + 10: x = u 10, dx = du. Thus
_
ln(x + 10) dx =
_
lnu du = ulnu u + C
1
= (x + 10) ln(x + 10) (x + 10) + C
1
= (x + 10) ln(x + 10) x + C.
Part (b): Let u = ln(x + 10) and dv = dx: du =
1
x + 10
dx; choose v = x. Then
_
ln(x + 10) dx = xln(x + 10)
_
x
x + 10
dx = xln(x + 10)
_ _
1
10
x + 10
_
dx
= xln(x + 10) x + 10 ln(x + 10) + C = (x + 10) ln(x + 10) x + C.
Part (c): Let u = ln(x + 10) and dv = dx: du =
1
x + 10
dx; choose v = x + 10. Then
_
ln(x + 10) dx = (x + 10) ln(x + 10)
_
1 dx = (x + 10) ln(x + 10) x + C.
C08S03.060: Let u = arctanx and dv = x
3
dx: du =
1
1 + x
2
dx; choose v =
x
4
1
4
. Then
_
x
3
arctanx dx =
1
4
(x
4
1) arctanx
1
4
_
x
4
1
x
2
+ 1
dx
=
1
4
(x
4
1) arctanx
1
4
_
(x
2
1) dx =
1
4
(x
4
1) arctanx
1
12
x
3
+
1
4
x + C.
C08S03.061: Part (a):
J
0
=
_
1
0
e
x
dx =
_
e
x
_
1
0
= 1
1
e
.
If n 1, then let u = x
n
and dv = e
x
dx. Then du = nx
n1
dx; choose v = e
x
. Thus
J
n
=
_
x
n
e
x
_
1
0
+ n
_
1
0
x
n1
e
x
dx = nJ
n1

1
e
.
13
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35

Part (b): If n = 1, then

n!
n!
e
n

k=0
1
k!
= 1
1
e
_
1
0!
+
1
1!
_
= 1
2
e
and
J
1
= 1 J
0

1
e
= 1
2
e
.
Therefore the formula in part (b) holds if n = 1. Assume that
J
m
= m!
m!
e
m

k=0
1
k!
for some integer m 1. Then
J
m+1
= (m + 1)J
m

1
e
= m!(m + 1)
m!(m + 1)
e
m

k=0
1
k!

1
e
= (m + 1)!
_
(m + 1)!
e
m

k=0
1
k!
+
(m + 1)!
(m + 1)!e
_
= (m + 1)!
(m + 1)!
e
_
1
(m + 1)!
+
m

k=0
1
k!
_
= (m + 1)!
(m + 1)!
e
m+1

k=0
1
k!
.
Therefore, by induction,
J
n
= n!
n!
e
n

k=0
1
k!
for every integer n 1.
Part (c): The next gure will aid in understanding the following proof.
The curve represents the graph of y = x
n
e
x
on [0, 1]. (It really isnt; its the graph of y =
1
10
x
3
+
10
13
x
30
e
x
.)
Given the positive integer k, choose the real number , 0 < < 1, so close to 1 that
14
1
e
<
1
2k
.
Because
n
0 as n , choose the positive integer N so large that

N+1
<
1
2k
.
Then
x
N
e
x

N
if 0 x and x
N
e
x

1
e
if x 1. (1)
The area of the short wide rectangle in the gure is

N
e

<
N
=
N+1
and the area of the tall narrow rectangle there is (1 )/e. The inequalities in (1) show that the graph of
y = x
N
e
x
is enclosed in the two rectangles, and hence
_
1
0
x
N
e
x
dx
N+1
+
1
e
<
1
2k
+
1
2k
=
1
k
.
Moreover, if n N and 0 x 1, then x
n
e
x
x
N
e
x
. Therefore, for every positive integer k, there
exists a positive integer N such that
0
_
1
0
x
n
e
x
dx <
1
k
if n N. Let k . By the squeeze law for limits,
lim
n
_
1
0
x
n
e
x
dx = 0.
Therefore J
n
0 as n +.
Part (d): By part (c),
lim
n
eJ
n
n!
= 0 = lim
n
_
e
n

k=0
1
k!
_
.
Therefore e = lim
n
n

k=0
1
k!
. (See Eq. (20) in Section 7.4.)
C08S03.062: Let u = (lnx)
n
and dv = x
m
dx. Then du =
n(lnx)
n1
x
dx; we choose v =
x
m+1
m + 1
. Thus
_
x
m
(lnx)
n
dx =
x
n+1
m + 1
(lnx)
n

n
m + 1
_
x
m
(lnx)
n1
dx.
C08S03.063: The expansion of (k lnx2x
3
+3x
2
+b)
4
is a sum of 35 terms, including terms as formidable
to antidierentiate as
32kx
9
lnx, 54k
2
x
4
(lnx)
2
, and k
4
(lnx)
4
,
15
as well as several polynomial terms. The reduction formula of Problem 62 handles the three shown here as
follows:
_
x
9
lnx dx =
x
10
10
lnx
1
10
_
x
9
dx =
x
10
10
lnx
1
100
x
10
+ C,
_
x
4
(lnx)
2
dx =
x
5
5
(lnx)
2

2
5
_
x
4
lnx dx
=
x
5
5
(lnx)
2

2
5
_
x
5
5
lnx
1
5
_
x
4
dx
_
=
x
5
5
(lnx)
2

2
5
_
x
5
5
lnx
x
5
25
_
+ C
=
x
5
5
(lnx)
2

2x
5
25
lnx +
2x
5
125
+ C,
and
_
(lnx)
4
dx = x(lnx)
4
4
_
(lnx)
3
dx
= x(lnx)
4
4
_
x(lnx)
3
3
_
(lnx)
2
dx
_
= x(lnx)
4
4x(lnx)
3
+ 12
_
x(lnx)
2
2
_
lnx dx
_
= x(lnx)
4
4x(lnx)
3
+ 12x(lnx)
2
24
_
xlnx
_
1 dx
_
= x(lnx)
4
4x(lnx)
3
+ 12x(lnx)
2
24xlnx + 24x + C.
A very patient person can in this way discover that the engineers antiderivative is
(b
4
4b
3
k + 12b
2
k
2
24bk
3
+ 24k
4
)x +
4
9
(9b
3
9b
2
k + 6bk
2
2k
3
)x
3
+
1
16
(32b
3
+ 24b
2
k 12bk
2
+ 3k
3
)x
4
+
54
125
(25b
2
10bk + 2k
2
)x
5

2
3
(18b
2
6bk + k
2
)x
6
+
12
343
(441b + 98b
2
63k 28bk + 4k
2
)x
7

27
8
(8b k)x
8
+
1
9
(81 + 144b 16k)x
9

4
25
(135 + 20b 2k)x
10
+
216
11
x
11
8x
12
+
16
13
x
13

1
14700
kx(58800b
3
+ 176400b
2
k 352800bk
2
+ 352800k
3
176400b
2
x
2
+ 117600bkx
2
39200k
2
x
2
+ 88200b
2
x
3
44100bkx
3
+ 11025k
2
x
3
317520bx
4
+ 63504kx
4
+ 352800bx
5
58800kx
5
226800x
6
100800bx
6
+ 14400kx
6
+ 396900x
7
235200x
8
+ 47040x
9
) lnx +
1
70
k
2
x(420b
2
840bk + 840k
2
+ 840bx
2
280kx
2
420bx
3
+ 105kx
3
+ 756x
4
840x
5
+ 240x
6
)(lnx)
2
2k
3
x(2b + 2k 2x
2
+ x
3
)(lnx)
3
+ k
4
x(lnx)
4
+ C.
C08S03.064: Area:
A =
_

0
1
2
x
2
sinxdx =
_
1
2
_
x
2
cos x + 2
_
xcos xdx
__

0
16
=
_

1
2
x
2
cos x + xsinx
_
sinxdx
_

0
=
_

1
2
x
2
cos x + xsinx + cos x
_

0
=
1
2

2
1 1 =

2
4
2
.
Volume:
V =
_

0
2x
1
2
x
2
sinxdx =
_

0
x
3
sinxdx
=
_
x
3
cos x + 3
_
x
2
cos xdx
_

0
=
_
x
3
cos x + 3
_
x
2
sinx 2
_
xsinxdx
__

0
=
_
x
3
cos x + 3x
2
sinx 6 (xcos x + sinx)
_

0
=
_
x
3
cos x + 3x
2
sinx + 6xcos x 6 sinx
_

0
=
_

3
6
_
=
4
6
2
=
2
_

2
6
_
.
C08S03.065: Volume: V =
_

0

_
1
2
x
2
sinx
_
2
dx =

4
_

0
x
4
sin
2
xdx =

8
_

0
x
4
(1 cos 2x) dx.
Let u = 2x: x =
1
2
u, dx =
1
2
du.
V =

8
_
2
0
u
4
16
(1 cos u)
1
2
du
=

256
_
2
0
_
u
4
u
4
cos u
_
du
=

256
_
_
1
5
u
5
_
2
0

_
2
0
u
4
cos udu
_
=

256
_
32
5

5

_
u
4
sinu 4
_
u
3
sinudu
_
2
0
_
=

6
40


256
_
u
4
sinu 4
_
u
3
cos u + 3
_
u
2
sinu 2 [ucos u + sinu]
_
__
2
0
=

6
40


256
_
4(2)
3
24(2)
_
=

6
40


4
8
+
3
2
16
=

2
80
_
2
4
10
2
+ 15
_
.
C08S03.066: A Mathematica solution. Part (a):
a = 100E(t);
v = 100 + Integrate[a,t] // Together
100(1 + e
t
)
e
t
17
x = Integrate[v,t] 100 // Together
100(1 e
t
+ te
t
)
e
t
Limit[x, t Infinity]
+
That is, the particle moves arbitrarily far to the right along the x-axis. Part (b):
a = 100(1 t)E(t);
v = Integrate[a,t]
100t
e
t
x = 100 + Integrate[v,t] // Together
10(1 + e
t
t)
e
t
Limit[x, t Infinity]
100
Thus, because x is an increasing function of t, x(t) always remains less than 100; the particle moves only a
nite distance to the right before eectively coming to a stop (because v 0 as t +).
C08S03.067: A Mathematica solution:
f = x2; g = 2x;
R = Plot[ { f, g }, { x, 1.5, 4.5 },
PlotStyle { RGBColor[0,0,1], RGBColor[1,0,0] } ];
The dierent colors enable us to more easily distinguish the graphs. Area:
A = Integrate[ f g, { x, 2, 4 } ]
4
9 ln2 + 6(ln2)
2
+ 12 ln8 16(ln2)(ln8)
3(ln2)(ln8)
A = A /. { Log[8] 3Log[2] }
4
_
27 ln2 42(ln2)
2

9(ln2)
2
(Mathematica writes Log[x] where we write ln x.)
A = A // Simplify
36 + 56 ln2
ln8
A = A /. { Log[8] 3Log[2] }
36 + 56 ln2
3 ln2
18
Next we nd the x-coordinate of the centroid.
xc = (1/A)Integrate[ x(f g), { x, 2, 4 } ]
12
_
3 + 2 ln2 + 15(ln2)
2
4 ln16

(36 + 56 ln2)(ln2)
xc = xc /. { Log[16] 4Log[2] }
12
_
3 14 ln2 + 15(ln2)
2

(36 + 56 ln2)(ln2)
Finally, we nd the y-coordinate of the centroid.
yc = (1/A)(1/2)Integrate[ f2 g2, { x, 2, 4 } ]
24
25 ln2 10(ln2)(ln4) 40 ln(1024) + 64(ln2)(ln1024)
5(36 + 56 ln2)(ln1024)
yc = yc /. { Log[4] 2Log[2], Log[1024] 10Log[2] }
12
_
375 ln2 + 620(ln2)
2

(36 + 56 ln2)(25 ln2)

yc = yc // Simplify
225 372 ln2
45 70 ln2
Thus the centroid of the region has approximate coordinates (3.0904707864762604, 9.3317974433586819).
C08S03.068: Part (a): If m is a positive integer, then (because 0 < sinx < 1 if 0 < x < /2), we have
(sinx)
m
> (sinx)
m+1
if 0 < x < /2. Therefore by the comparison property for denite integrals,
I
n2
I
2n+1
I
2n+2
for every positive integer n. Part (b): By the result in Problem 58,
I
2n+2
I
2n
=
_

2

1
2

3
4

5
6

2n 1
2n

2n + 1
2n + 2
_

2

2
1

4
3

6
5

2n
2n 1
_
=
2n + 1
2n + 2
.
Therefore
lim
n
I
2n+2
I
2n
= lim
n
2n + 1
2n + 2
= 1.
Part (c): Because I
2n+2
I
2n+1
I
2n
for each positive integer n, we have
I
2n+2
I
2n

I
2n+1
I
2n

I
2n
I
2n
for each positive integer n. Therefore, by the squeeze law for limits,
lim
n
I
2n+1
I
2n
= 1.
Part (d): But then, by the result in Problem 58,
19
I
2n+1
I
2n
=
_
2
3

4
5

6
7

2n 2
2n 1

2n
2n + 1
_

_
2

2
1

4
3

6
5

8
7

2n 2
2n 3

2n
2n 1
_
=
2

2
1

2
3

4
3

4
5

6
5

6
7

2n 2
2n 3

2n 2
2n 1

2n
2n 1

2n
2n + 1
.
Hence, by Part (c),
lim
n
2
1

2
3

4
3

4
5

6
5

6
7

2n
2n 1

2n
2n + 1
=

2
.
20