F321 module 3 Practice 3:

1.

The Group 7 element bromine was discovered by Balard in 1826. Bromine gets its
name from the Greek bromos meaning stench.
Bromine consists of a mixture of two isotopes, 79Br and 81Br.
A student added an aqueous solution of sodium iodide to a solution of bromine.
The colour turned from orange to a deep brown.
The student then added an aqueous solution of sodium chloride to a solution of
bromine.
The orange colour was unchanged.

(i)

Explain these observations.

In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly.
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[3]

(ii)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction that has taken place.
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[1]
[Total 4 marks]

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2.

A student read about possible health problems arising from the use of common salt
added to different foods. The student decided to compare the salt content of different
foods using simple test-tube tests to test the chloride content.
Plan a simple qualitative experiment to compare the quantity of chloride ions in
different foods. Comment on the validity of claiming that the chloride content is the
same as the salt content.
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[Total 4 marks]

3.

This question refers to the elements in the first four periods of the Periodic Table.

H e

Identify an element from the first four periods that fits each of the following descriptions.
(i)

The element that forms a 2 ion with the same electronic configuration as Ar.
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[1]

(ii)

The element that forms a 3+ ion with ten electrons.

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[1]

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(iii)

An element that forms a compound with fluorine with trigonal planar molecules.
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[1]

(iv)

The element that forms a chloride XCl2 with a molar mass of 111.1 g mol1.
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[1]

(v)

The element with the largest atomic radius.

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[1]

(vi)

The element with the smallest first ionisation energy.

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[1]
[Total 6 marks]

4.

This question refers to the elements in the first four periods of the Periodic Table.

H e

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Ionisation energies provide information about the model for the electron structure of
elements.
(i)

Explain why first ionisation energies show a general increase across Period 3,
NaAr.
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[3]

(ii)

Write an equation, including state symbols, to represent the third ionisation

energy of sodium.
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[1]

(iii)

Element X is in Period 3 of the Periodic Table, NaAr.

The first six ionisation energies of an element X are shown below.
ionisation
number

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

ionisation energy
/kJ mol1

789

1577

3232

4 556

16091

19 785

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Predict, with reasons, the identity of element X.

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[2]
[Total 6 marks]

5.

A student prepared an aqueous solution of calcium chloride by reacting calcium with

hydrochloric acid.
Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2(g)
(i)

Using oxidation numbers, show that this is a redox reaction.

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[2]

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(ii)

The student had added the exact amount of calcium required to react with the
hydrochloric acid used. After carrying out the experiment, the student accidentally
added some more calcium. The student was surprised that the extra calcium still
reacted.
Explain this observation. Include an equation in your answer.
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[2]
[Total 4 marks]

6.

In a mass spectrometer, gaseous atoms are ionised.

Explain why less energy is needed to ionise gaseous atoms of rubidium than gaseous
atoms of sodium.
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[Total 3 marks]

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7.

The diagram below shows the variation in the boiling points of elements across
Period 3 of the Periodic Table.
3000

Al

2500

Si

2000
b o ilin g p o in t
1500
/K

Na

M g

1000

500

C l

0
11

(a)

12

13

14
15
a to m ic n u m b e r

16

17

Ar
18

In the table below for the elements Mg, Si and S,

complete the structure column using the word giant or simple.
complete the bonding column using the word metallic, ionic or covalent.
element

structure

bonding

Mg
Si
S
[3]

(b)

Explain why silicon has a much higher boiling point than phosphorus.
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[2]

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(c)

Explain why the boiling point increases from sodium to aluminium.

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[2]
[Total 7 marks]

8.

In this question one mark is available for the quality of spelling, punctuation and
grammar.
Chlorine gas was bubbled through an aqueous solution of bromide ions and also
through an aqueous solution of iodide ions. An organic solvent was then added and
each mixture was shaken.
State what you would see in each case.
Write equations for any chemical reactions that take place.
State and explain the trend in reactivity shown by these observations.
(Allow one lined page).
[6]
Quality of Written Communication [1]
[Total 7 marks]

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9.

Chlorine is used in the production of safe drinking water throughout the world.
Drinking water is purified by addition of small amounts of chlorine. The reaction that
takes place can be represented by the equation below.
Cl2(g) + H2O(l)
(a)

2H+(aq) + ClO(aq) + Cl (aq)

Describe a simple test that would confirm the presence of chloride ions in
drinking water.
Include an equation in your answer.
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[3]

(b)

Chlorine can also be converted into bleach.

How is bleach made from chlorine? Include an equation in your answer.
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[2]
[Total 5 marks]

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10.

At room temperature and pressure, r.t.p., chlorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid and
iodine is a solid.
Explain why these halogens have different physical states at r.t.p.
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[Total 3 marks]

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