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Inside Out

Upper intermediate Companion


German 1st Edition
Sue Kay, Vaughan Jones & Jill Leatherbarrow

New

Welcome to the New Inside Out Upper intermediate Companion!


What information does the New Inside Out Companion give you? a summary of key words and phrases from each unit of New Inside Out Upper intermediate Students Book pronunciation of the key words and phrases translations of the key words and phrases sample sentences showing the words and phrases in context a summary of the Grammar Extra Reference from New Inside Out Upper intermediate Students Book

(art) article (v) (v*) (n) verb irregular verb noun

(phr v) phrasal verb (pron) pronoun (prep) preposition (det) determiner (f) feminine

(m) masculine (pl n) plural noun (adv) adverb (conj) conjunction

(adj) adjective

Vowels and dipHthongs


// /i/ /U/ /u/ /e/ // // // // // /b f/ /grin binz/ /d lk/ /blu mun/ /ten egz/ /bat m/ /ln wdz/ /t tk/ /ft kt/ /mst km/ // // // /e/ // // // /e/ /a/ /a/ calm start hot spot ear face pure boy nose hair eye mouth /km stt/ /ht spt/ // /fes/ /pj/ /b/ /nz/ /he/ /a/ /ma/

Consonants
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ // // pen bad tea dog church jazz cost girl far voice thin then /pen/ /bd/ /ti/ /dg/ /tt/ /dz/ /kst/ /gl/ / fr/ /vos/ /n/ / en/ /s/ /z/ // // /m/ /n/ // /h/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/ snake noise shop measure make nine sing house leg red wet yes /snek/ /noz/ /p/ /mer/ /mek/ /nan/ /a/ /has/ /leg/ /red/ /wet/ /jes/

big fish green beans should look blue moon ten eggs about mother learn words short talk fat cat must come

Unit 1

(page 4)

adopt a child /dpt ald/ Madonna and her husband adopted a child from Malawi, called David ein Kind adoptieren Banda. annoy (v) /n/ It annoys Belinda that some people think the royal family had rgern something to do with Dianas death. Aufstieg ascent (n) /sent/ Someones ascent to stardom is the way in which they progress towards or achieve fame. Kritik ernten attract criticism /trkt krtsz()m/ The adoption attracted criticism from people who felt Madonna had used her fame to fast-track it. bleichen bleach (v) /bli/ People who bleach their hair use a special product to make it blonde. blitzgescheit as bright as a button /z brat z bt()n/ Someone who is as bright as a button is very intelligent. sich dahinter klemmen buckle down (phr v) /bk()l dan/ When you buckle down, you start to work hard to achieve something. sich beruhigen calm down (phr v) /km dan/ Dont get so angry just calm down! karrieremig career-wise (adj) /krwaz/ Career-wise, Madonna is as successful now as shes ever been. berhmte Persnlichkeit celebrity (n) /slebrti/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon. Wohlttigkeitszwecke; charity (n) /rti/ Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity. Wohlfahrt khl; frostig chilly (adj) /li/ Chilly is a word that means cold. fassen; schnappen collar (v) /kl/ If you collar someone, you find someone and force them to talk or listen to you. jemand, der/die etwas festigt When we say that Madonna is a consolidator of trends, we mean she consolidator (n) /knsldet/ oder vereinigt makes them more popular and well known. Kontroverse controversy (n) /kntrvsi; kntrvsi/ Madonna is no stranger to controversy and has shocked many people over the years. A cowgirl is a girl or woman whose job is to look after cows on a ranch. Cowgirl cowgirl (n) /kagl/ criticism (n) /krtsz()m/ Criticism is a comment or comments that you think something is Kritik wrong or bad. to date /t det/ To date is an expression meaning until now. bis heute; bis dato death (n) /de/ Belinda thinks that Dianas death was a tragic accident. Tod

distinctive (adj) /dstktv/ Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different aufllig; unverkennbar from other things. dreadful (adj) /dredf()l/ Im sorry were so late the traffic was dreadful. schrecklich earth mother (n) / m/ An earth mother is someone who prefers natural methods of living Erdmutter and likes to look after people. ever-evolving (adj) /evrvlv/ Something that is ever-evolving changes all the time and stays sich immer weiter fashionable. entwickelnd exceptionally (adv) /ksep()nli/ Madonna is an exceptionally talented singer. auergewhnlich an existing look /n gzst lk/ Madonna picks up on an existing look and makes it her own. ein bestehendes Image explode (v) /kspld/ At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular. explodieren be up to your eyes in sth /bi p t jr az n If you are up to your eyes in work, you are extremely busy. bis ber beide Ohren in /sm/ etwas stecken fame (n) /fem/ Some people felt Madonna had used her fame to fast-track the Ruhm adoption. feature film (n) /fi flm/ A feature film is a film that is made for the cinema. Spielfilm fit in (phr v) /ft n/ Madonna was different and didnt fit in with the popular group. reinpassen geisha (n) /ge/ A geisha is a Japanese woman, whose job is to entertain men. Geisha genius (n) /inis/ A genius is someone who is extremely clever or talented. Genie global (adj) /glb()l/ Something that is global is well known all over the world. global gracefully (adv) /gresf()li/ If you do something gracefully, you do it in a quiet way without anstandslos drawing attention to yourself. highlight (n) /halat/ Seeing the Great Wall was the highlight of Danas trip to China. Hhepunkt hitchhike (v) /hhak/ Madonna hitchhiked to New York with $35 in her pocket. trampen; per Anhalter fahren hound (v) /hand/ If journalists hound a famous person, they do not leave them alone. verfolgen huge (adj) /hju/ Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression riesig on Alec. icon (n) /akn/ Madonna is not just a celebrity shes a real pop icon. Ikone iconic (adj) /aknk/ How did Madonna achieve her iconic status? ikonisch the key to sth / ki t sm/ She realised that marketing was the key to her success. der Schlssel zu etwas kid (n) /kd/ A kid is an informal word meaning a child. Kind leotard (n) /litd/ A leotard is a tight piece of clothing that people wear when they Trikot; Gymnastikanzug dance or exercise.

lingering (adj) /lgr/ A lange dauernd; innig lingering kiss is one that lasts for quite a long time. look back (phr v) /lk bk/ She zurckblicken had her first hit with Holiday in 1984 and has never looked back. Something that is mainstream is used, liked, or accepted by most people. mainstream (adj) /menstrim/ Mainstreammake an impression on sb /mek n mpre()n n/ Watching the first man land on the Moon made a huge impression on auf jmd einen Eindruck /smbdi/ Alec. machen market (v) /mkt/ Madonna is brilliant at marketing her image. vermarkten midriff (n) /mdrf/ Your midriff is the front part of your body between your waist and Taille; Bauch your chest. Jahrtausendfeier millennium celebrations (n pl) /mlenim The millennium celebrations took place on 31st December 1999. selbre()nz/ bedeutsam momentous (adj) /mments/ A momentous event is extremely important. Mondlandung moon landing (n) /mun lnd/ The first moon landing was the occasion on which the first man walked on the Moon. Mutterschaft motherhood (n) /mhd/ Madonna has three children and enjoys motherhood. aus dem Stegreif off-the-cuff (adj) /fkf/ An off-the-cuff remark is one that you make without planning it or thinking about it. hinter der Bhne off stage /f ste/ Off stage is an expression for describing what an actor or singer is really like when they are not performing. auf der Bhne on stage /n ste/ Madonna has known controversy both on stage and off stage. die Presse the press (n) / pres/ The press is an expression meaning newspapers and magazines, or the people who work for them. etwas aufgreifen pick up on sth (phr v) /pk p n sm/ If you pick up on something, you notice it and react to it. sich einer Sache rhmen pride yourself on sth /prad jself n sm/ Madonna prides herself on her ever-evolving look, style and sound. stolz proud (adj) /prad/ The fireworks were spectacular I felt proud to be Australian. die Knigin von.; die the queen of ... / kwin v/ A woman who is known as the queen of an activity is very good at knigin that activity. Geld auftreiben raise money (for sth) /rez mni (f sm) / Princess Diana raised a lot of money for charity. sich erinnern an recall (v) /rkl/ You recall Madonnas career as a series of images. Musiker(-in); Plattensnger recording artist (n) /rkd tst/ A recording artist is a professional singer. (-in) eintragen lassen als register sth (as sth) (v) /rest sm (z In 1979 she registered Madonna as a trademark. /sm) /

keine hnlichkeit mit jmd bear no resemblance to sb /be n rzemblns t/ If someone bears no resemblance to another person, they do not look haben smbdi/ like that person at all. die knigliche Familie the royal family (n) / rl fm()li/ Belinda doesnt think the royal family had anything to do with Dianas death. Selbstachtung self-esteem (n) (TS) /selfstim/ Clothes that are clean and neat say that you care about yourself and have good self-esteem. Selbstbild self-image (n) (TS) /selfm/ CHAPS magazine are doing a survey about mens self-image. ausverkauft sein sell out (phr v) /sel at/ If a concert sells out, people buy all the tickets and there are none left. sein Image verkaufen sell your image /sel jr m/ Shes a talented business woman whos brilliant at selling her image. spektakulr spectacular (adj) /spektkjl/ At midnight, fireworks exploded across the sky it was spectacular. jdm zum Verwechseln the spitting image of sb / spt m v Someone who is the spitting image of another person looks exactly hnlich sein /smbdi/ like them. still stehen stand still /stnd stl/ A situation that stands still stops developing. Ruhm stardom (n) /stdm/ Stardom is the state of being very famous. Status status (n) /stets/ Madonna achieved her iconic status by constantly changing and staying fashionable. zurcktreten step down (phr v) /step dan/ I dont want to step down I want to carry on with my career. sich stiegern step up (phr v) /step p/ She is stepping up career-wise and has no exit plan. Kampf struggle (n) /strg()l/ A struggle is a difficult period of time during which you have to work very hard. Super-Marke super-brand (n) /supbrnd/ The name Madonna is a global super-brand. zurckdenken an think back (on) (phr v) /k bk (n) / Think back on her career its not the songs you remember, its the images. den Grtel enger schnallen tighten your belt /tat()n j belt/ If you tighten your belt, you spend less money. Warenzeichen trademark (n) /tredmk/ In 1979 she registered Madonna as a trademark. tragisch tragic (adj) /trk/ Dianas death was a tragic accident. Understatement; understatement (n) /ndstetmnt/ An understatement is something that you say that makes something Untertreibung seem less important than it is. Vermgen wealth (n) /wel/ Someones wealth is the amount of money they have. wear your heart on your sleeve /we j ht n j sliv/ If you wear your heart on your sleeve, you show your feelings to other das Herz auf der Zunge people. tragen

weird (adj) (TS) /wd/ Something unheimlich; seltsam that is weird is strange in an unexpected or slightly frightening way. aufziehen wind up (phr v) /wand p/ If someone is easy to wind up, it is easy to make them angry or upset.

Clothing and Appearance


Armreifen bangles (n) /bg()lz/ A bangle is a big circular bracelet that you wear around your wrist. Grtel belt (n) /belt/ A belt is a narrow piece of leather or cloth that you wear around your waist. Schnalle; Spange buckle (n) /bk()l/ A buckle is a metal object used for fastening a belt. Knopf button (n) /bt()n/ A button is a small round object that you push through a hole to fasten clothes. leger casual (adj) /kul/ Casual clothes are comfortable and suitable for informal situations. den Stil ndern change your style /en j stal/ If you change your style, you change the type of clothes you wear. Kragen collar (n) /kl/ A collar is the part of a shirt or coat that goes around your neck. cool cool (adj) /kul/ Clothes that are cool are fashionable and attractive. Manschette cuff (n) /kf/ A cuff is the part of a sleeve that goes around your wrist. Saum hem (n) /hem/ A hem is the bottom edge of a dress, skirt or coat. Image image (n) /m/ The genius of Madonna is the way she manages her image. imagebewusst image-conscious (adj) /mkns/ Someone who is image-conscious cares about their clothes and appearance. Spitzenhandschuhe lacy gloves (n pl) /lesi glvz/ Lacy gloves are made of fine material and have small holes in them. professionnell professional (adj) /prfe()nl/ Someone who looks professional wears smart clothes that are suitable for work. Satin satin (n) /stn/ Satin is a smooth, shiny expensive material. rmel sleeves (n pl) /slivz/ The sleeves are the part of a piece of clothing that covers your arms. sportlich sporty (adj) /spti/ Sporty clothes are designed for doing sport or for informal occasions. schick; modebewusst trendy (adj) /trendi/ Someone who is trendy wears fashionable and attractive clothes. Reiverschluss zip (n) /zp/ A zip is a long piece of metal or plastic used for opening or closing a piece of clothing.

Collocations
designer/old-fashioned/scruffy /dzan/ldf()nd/ clothes /skrfi klz/ bright/close-set/staring eyes /brat/klsset/ster /az/ Designer- / altmodische / schlampige Kleidung Designer clothes are expensive and fashionable; old-fashioned clothes are not modern; scruffy clothes are untidy or dirty. Bright eyes look lively and intelligent; close set eyes are very near each other; staring eyes seem to look at you in a very fixed way.

strahlende / eng zusammenstehende Augen; starrer Blick expressive/impassive/round face /kspresv/mpsv/ An expressive face shows what you are feeling; an impassive face does ausdrucksvolles / rundes rand fes/ not show what you are feeling; a round face has the shape of a circle. Gesicht; gelassener Gesichtsausdruck sleek/spiky/tousled hair /slik/spaki/taz()ld he/ glattes / hoch stehendes / Sleek hair is smooth and shiny; spiky hair sticks up; tousled hair looks untidy. zerzaustes Haar firm/hearty/limp handshake /fm/hti/lmp hndek/ A firm or hearty handshake feels strong; a limp handshake feels weak. fester / krftiger / schlaffer Hndedruck abrasive/charming/mild manner /bresv/m/mald An abrasive manner seems rude; a charming manner is friendly and aggressive / charmante / mn/ pleasant; a mild manner is kind and gentle. sanfte Art fake/forced/warm smile /fek/fst/wm smal/ A fake or forced smile is not natural or genuine; a warm smile is kind falsches / gezwungenes / and friendly. warmes Lcheln deep/husky/shrill voice /dip/hski/rl vs/ A deep or husky voice is low; a shrill voice is high and unpleasant. tiefe / heisere / schrille Stimme

Word formation
rearrange (v) /riren/ If you rearrange people or things, you put them in a different place. umstellen; neu ordnen rebuild (v) /ribld/ If you rebuild something, you build it again after it has been damaged wieder aufbauen or destroyed. reconsider (v) /riknsd/ If you reconsider a decision, you think about it again in order to noch mal berdenken decide whether you should change it. reconstruct (v) /riknstrkt/ If you reconstruct something, you build it again. rekonstruieren; wieder aufbauen rediscover (v) /ridskv/ If you rediscover something, you discover it again. wieder entdecken redo (v) /ridu/ If you redo something, you do it again in a different way in order to neu machen improve it. redraft (v) /ridrft/ If you redraft something, you write it again in order to make changes umschreiben; neu entwerfen to it.
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re-examine (v) /rigzmn/ If erneut berprfen you re-examine something, you look at or think about it carefully again. erneut erfinden reinvent (v) /rinvent/ If you reinvent something, you change something that already exists and give it a different purpose. erneute Erfindung reinvention (n) /rinven()n/ Madonna is known as the queen of reinvention! umsiedeln; den Standort relocate (v) /rilket/ If you relocate, you move to a different place. wechseln neu machen remake (v) /rimek/ If you remake something, you make it again in a different way. you reorganise something, you organise something in a different way. neu organisieren reorganise (v) /rignaz/ If repackage (v) /ripk/ If you repackage something, you present it in a different way to make neu verpacken it look more attractive. neu planen reschedule (v) /riedjul/ If you reschedule something, you, you change the time when it was planned to happen. If you rethink something, you think about it again in order to improve it. erneut durchdenken rethink (v) /rik/ reunite (v) /rijunat/ If you reunite people, you bring them together again. wieder vereinigen reword (v) /riwd/ If you reword something, you express it using different words. neu formulieren rewrite (v) /rirat/ If you rewrite something, you write it using different words in order to umschreiben; neu schreiben improve it.

Unit 2

(page 14)

academic qualifications (n pl) /kdemk / akademische Qualifikationen Your academic qualifications are the exams you have passed at school, /kwlfke()nz/ college or university. act (n) /kt/ An act is a short performance of singing, dancing etc. Akt; Auffhrung adolescence (n) /dles()ns/ Adolescence is the period of time when you are a teenager. Adoleszenz adulthood (n) /dlthd; dlthd/ Adulthood is the period of life when you are an adult. Erwachsenenalter all-in-one (adj) /lnwn/ An all-in-one piece of clothing is made up of separate parts that look einteilig like one part. Talent; Begabung aptitude (n) /pttjud/ If you have an aptitude for something, you are good at it. kleine Landstrae backroad (n) /bkrd/ The backroads are small, quiet roads with less traffic. Ballmdchen ball girl (n) /bl gl/ A ball girl is a girl whose job is to throw a ball back to a player during a match.
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bus pass (n) /bs ps/ A Busausweis bus pass is a special ticket that allows older people to travel by bus without paying. Kindheit childhood (n) /aldhd/ Childhood is the period of time when you are a child. herumkaspern clown around (phr v) /klan rand/ If you clown around, you act in a silly or stupid way. komisch comically (adv) /kmk()li/ Comically is an adverb that means in a way that seems amusing. If something compensates for something else, it makes it seem less bad. kompensieren compensate (v) /kmpnset/ cosmetic surgery (n) /kzmetk sri/ Cosmetic surgery is a medical operation to improve someones kosmetische Chirurgie; appearance. Schnheitsoperation cuddle (v) /kd()l/ If you cuddle someone, you put your arms around them to show that kuscheln; schmusen; in den you love them. Arm nehmen do sb a favour dote on sb (phr v) dread (v) drop (v) (TS) /du smbdi fev/ If you do someone a favour, you do something in order to help them. jmd einen Gefallen tun /dt n smbdi/ If you dote on someone, you love them very much. abgttisch lieben /dred/ If you dread something, you are very frightened that it might happen. sich vor etwas frchten /drp/ fallen lassen; Schluss machen As soon as we told Sarah we liked Jeremy, she dropped him. mit dull (adj) /dl/ Dull is an adjective that means boring. langweilig to good/excellent etc effect /t gd/ekslnt fekt/ If you use something to good effect, you use it in a way that impresses wirkungsvoll people. sbs elders (n pl) /smbdiz eldz/ Your elders are people who are older than you. ltere; Leute, die lter sind als exchange (=a person) (n) /ksen/ When she was 15, Viv went to stay with her German exchange, Frauke Austauschschler (-in) Schoon. (school) exchange (n) / (skul) ksen/ Have you ever done a school exchange? Schulaustausch exoticism (n) /gztszm/ Viv loved the exoticism of new friends such as Axelle and Amalia. Exotik extended family (n) /kstendd fm()li/ An extended family is a large family group that includes grandparents, Grofamilie aunts, uncles, cousins etc. geflschter Ausweis fake ID (n) /fek adi/ Fake ID is an identity card that has been made to look real in order to trick people. Herkunft; family background (n) /fm()li bkgrand/ Your family background is the type of family that you come from. Familienverhltnisse Fehlerquelle; faultline (n) /fltlan/ Faultlines are small problems that develop. Verwerfungslinie

/flunsi/ flieendes Sprechen Fluency in a language is the ability to speak it well. /ful rand/ If Bldsinn machen; you fool around, you act in a silly or stupid way. herumalbern see the funny side of sth /si fni sad v/ If you see the funny side of something, you see the amusing part of a das Lustige an etwas sehen sm/ difficult or embarrassing situation. get to hear about sth /get t hr bat/ sm/ jmd zu Ohren kommen All Alexs friends got to hear about the fact that his father was a clown. grow apart (phr v) /gr pt/ Viv and Axelle grew apart and eventually lost touch. sich auseinander entwickeln have a wild side /hv wald sad/ Amalia was quiet but had a secret wild side. eine wilde Seite haben hip (adj) /hp/ Someone who is hip is cool and trendy. echt Spitze host family (n) /hst fm()li/ Your host family is the family that welcomes you into their home. Gastfamilie humiliation (n) /hjumlien/ Humiliation is the state of feeling embarrassed and ashamed. Demtigung; Erniedrigung immersion (n) /m()n/ Immersion is a way of learning another language in which you only Eintauchen use the foreign language in class. frhe Kindheit infancy (n) /nfnsi/ Infancy is the period of time when you are a baby or very young child. in den letzten Zgen liegen; be on its last legs /bi n ts lst legz/ If something is on its last legs, it is very old and no longer very useful. aus dem letzten Loch pfeifen sbs loved ones (n pl) /smbdiz lvd wnz/ Your loved ones are the people you love, especially members of your seine Lieben family. (Vereins)maskottchen (club) mascot (n) / (klb) mskt/ Kayleighs mum is club mascot for Cardiff City and wears a bird costume at matches. mittleres Lebensalter middle age (n) /md()l e/ Middle age is the period of time when you are no longer young, but are not yet old. Musikanlage; - gerte music decks (n pl) (TS) /mjuzk deks/ Its easy for Andy, as a DJ, to hide behind his music decks at work. Windel nappy (n) /npi/ A nappy is a thick piece of cloth that a baby wears between its legs before it has learned to use the toilet. Spitzname nickname (v) /nknem/ Alexs friends nicknamed him Corky Junior. Nachtleben nightlife (n) /natlaf/ Nightlife is entertainment available in the evenings in clubs, bars, restaurants etc. ablehnen; protestieren object (v) /bekt/ If you object to something, you do not like it or approve of it. (hohes) Alter old age (n) /ld e/ Old age is the period of someones life when they are old. unerhrt; unverschmt outrageous (adj) /atres/ Something that is outrageous is slightly shocking. auftreten perform (v) /pfm/ Ginas mum dresses up as Cher and performs at clubs. fluency (n) fool around (phr v)

poster-girl (n) /pst gl/ A "Postergirl poster-girl is a girl or woman who is a good advertisement for something. Aussicht prospect (n) /prspekt/ If you have good job prospects, you are likely to get a good job and earn a lot of money. eingerostet rusty (adj) /rsti/ If your knowledge of a language is rusty, you have forgotten a lot of what you have learnt. durchsichtig see-through (adj) /siru/ See-through is an adjective that means transparent. auf sich allein gestellt sein sink or swim /sk swm/ If you are in a situation where you must sink or swim, you must deal with problems on your own if you want to succeed. sich verschlechtern sour (v) /sa/ If a relationship between two people sours, the people stop liking each other. etwas nicht aushalten cant stand (doing) sth /knt stnd du /sm/ Gina is shy and cant stand being the centre of of attention. knnen fit, in Form bleiben stay in shape /ste n ep/ If you stay in shape, you stay fit and healthy. klebrig sticky (adj) /stki/ Sticky objects are covered with a substance that sticks to things. Studienreise study trip (n) /stdi trp/ A study trip is a period of time that you spend away from home in order to study or learn something. Tischmanieren table manners (n pl) /teb()l mnz/ Your table manners are the way you behave when you are at a table eating food. ultimativ; perfekt ultimate (adj) /ltmt/ When Viv says she is the ultimate poster-girl for school exchanges, she means she is a perfect example of someone who enjoys them. darunter underneath (adv) /ndni/ She wears a bird costume, but everyone knows its Mum underneath. stdtisch; Stadtbewohner urban (adj) /bn/ Someone who is urban is used to life in cities. wollen, dass man in den want the ground to open up /wnt grand tu/ If you want the ground to open up, you feel extremely embarrassed. Boden versinkt /pn p/ wackelig wiggly (adj) /wgli/ A wiggly moustache is not straight and you can move it around. Zeuge/Zeugin witness (n) /wtns/ A witness at a wedding is someone who also signs the official document that the married couple sign.

Sayings
Birds of a feather flock together. /bdz v fe flk tge/ Sprichwrter Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich gern. Birds of a feather flock together means that people of a similar type spend time together.

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Blood is thicker than water. /bld z k n wt/ Charity begins at home. /rti bgnz t hm/ Home is where the heart is. /hm z we ht z/ One good turn deserves /wn gd tn dzvz another. n/ Twos company. Threes a crowd. /tuz kmp()ni riz krad/

Blut ist dicker als Wasser. Man muss zuerst an seine eigene Familie/sein eigenes Land etc. denken. Trautes Heim, Glck allein. Eine Hand wscht die andere. Das frfte Radam wagen sein.

Blood is thicker than water means that family relationships are the most important. Charity begins at home means that you should look after your family and friends first. Home is where the heart is means that your home is wherever your loved ones are. One good turn deserves another means that if someone is kind and helpful to you, you should also be kind and helpful to them. Twos company. Threes a crowd means that two people can be happy together, but a third person causes problems.

Showing someone around your home


Hello, Marie. Welcome to our home! Willkommen bei uns zu Hause. Did you have a pleasant /dd ju hv plez()nt Did you have a pleasant journey? Yes, but Im feeling a bit tired Hatten Sie eine angenehme journey? ni/ now. Reise? Let me introduce you to let mi ntrdjus ju tu Darf ich Sie . vorstellen? Let me introduce you to the rest of the family. Then Ill show you around. /en al ju rand/ Ill introduce you to the rest of the family, then Ill show you around. Dann zeige ich Ihnen das ganze Haus. You must call me /ju mst kl mi/ You must call me Jill. Nennen Sie mich Help yourself to /help jself tu/ Help yourself to tea and coffee. Bitte bedienen Sie sich . Make yourself at home. /mek jself t hm/ If you make yourself at home somewhere, you feel relaxed and Fhlen Sie sich wie zu Hause. comfortable. If theres anything you need /f ez n j nid/ If theres anything you need, just give me a shout. Sollten Sie etwas brauchen Give me a shout. /gv mi at/ Give me a shout if theres anything you need. Rufen Sie mich einfach. Welcome to our home! /welkm tu hm/

Social Register
Informal
Hiya! The doors open. /haj/ / dz pn/ Hi! Die Tr steht auf. Hiya! The doors open. The doors open. Come in.

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Cheers thats great! Hows it going? chill out (phr v) Do you want to ? Whatever. No idea.

/z ts gret/ Schn groartig! I remembered to bring you that CD. Cheers, thats great! /haz t g/ Wie gehts? Hows it going? All right, but Im shattered. /l at/ I relaxen just want to chill out this evening and watch TV. /du j wnt tu/ Willst du ? Do you want to watch a DVD? /wtev/ Ganz wie du willst. Do you want to watch TV or shall I get a DVD? Whatever. /n ad/ Keine Ahnung. Whats on TV? No idea rubbish as usual, I expect.

Formal
Welcome! Do come in! Thats very kind of you! relax Would you prefer ? I dont mind. Im afraid I dont know. /welkm/ /du km n/ /ts veri kand v ju/ /rlks/ /wd j prf/ /a dnt mand/ /am fred a dnt n/ Herzlich willkommen! Treten Sie bitte ein! Das ist sehr freundlich von Ihnen. entspannen Htten Sie lieber ? Mir ist es gleich. Ich wei es leider nicht. Welcome! Do come in! Welcome! Do come in! Thank you, thats very kind of you! You must sit down and relax. Would you prefer tea or coffee? Would you prefer tea or coffee? I dont mind. How many miles is it exactly? Im afraid I dont know.

Unit 3

(page 24)

adventurer (n) /dvenr/ An adventurer is someone who will take a risk in order to make money. Abenteurer antique (n) (TS) /ntik/ An antique is an object that is old and valuable. Antiquitt If someone appears in court, they go to a court of law so that people appear in court /pr n kt/ vor Gericht erscheinen can ask you questions about something illegal they think you have done. band together (phr v) /bnd tge/ If people band together, they work together in order to achieve sich zusammenschlieen something. breathtaking (adj) /bretek/ Something that is breathtaking is very is extremely impressive or atemberaubend beautiful. capitalise on sth /kptlaz n sm/ If you capitalise on something, you use it to get an advantage for Kapital aus etwas schlagen yourself. be charged with sth /bi d w/ Someone who is charged with a crime is officially accused of it. wegen etwas angeklagt werden

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collapse (v) /klps/ If zusammenbrechen something collapses, it fails completely. community service (n) /kmjunti svs/ Sozialdienst Community service is work that someone does as a punishment instead of going to prison. Sorge concern (n) /knsn/ Concern is a feeling of worry or sympathy for someone who is in a bad situation. Schwindler con-man (n) /knmn/ A con-man is a criminal who tricks other people in order to get their money. monopolisieren corner the market (TS) /kn mkt/ If you corner the market, you get complete control of an area of business. Wechte cornice (n) (TS) /kns/ A cornice is an overhanging area of snow on the edge of a mountain. Feldfrchte crops (n pl) /krps/ Crops are plants that farmers grow to produce food. Zyniker(-in) cynic (n) /snk/ A cynic is a person who thinks that people are not sincere or honest. erklren declare (v) /dkle/ If you declare something, you say officially that it is true. Entdeckung discovery (n) /dskv()ri/ The discovery of gold attracted thousands of people to California. Desillusion disillusion (n) /dslu()n/ Disillusion is a feeling of great disappointment when something is not as good as you thought. desillusioniert disillusioned (adj) /dslu()nd/ John Sutter eventually left California feeling disillusioned. jmd, der aus dem Osten easterner (n) /istn/ Easterners are people who live in the east of a country or state. kommt ostwrts eastward (adv) /istwd/ If you travel eastward, you travel in a direction towards the east. Unternehmer(-in) entrepreneur (n) /ntrprn/ An entrepreneur is someone who uses money to start a business. lang und abenteuerlich epic (adj) /epk/ An epic journey is very long and exciting. Epidemie epidemic (n) /epdemk/ An epidemic is a situation in which a feeling spreads very quickly. die Spur von jmd verfolgen follow sbs tracks (TS) /fl smbdz trks/ If you follow someones tracks, you follow where they are walking or moving. Dummheit foolishness (n) /fulns/ Foolishness is a word that means the same as stupidity. Fort fort (n) /ft/ A fort is a strong building that is used to defend a place. eine Marktlcke a gap in the market / gp n mkt/ A gap in the market is an opportunity to sell something that is not available but that people would like to have. glint of something is a quick flash of light from something that is shiny. Glitzern glint (n) /glnt/ A go through with sth (phr v) /g ru w sm/ If you go through with something, you succeed in doing something etwas durchziehen difficult. gold (n) /gld/ In 1848 gold was discovered in California. Gold

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gold fever (n) /gld fiv/ Goldfieber Gold fever was the wish to find gold that a lot of people felt in the 19th century. Goldrausch gold rush (n) /gld r/ The gold rush was the period in the 19th century when a lot of people went to a place where gold had been discovered. Goldfund gold strike (n) /gld strak/ A gold strike is the act of discovering that gold exists in a place. GPS GPS (Global Positioning System) /ipies/ GPS is a system you install in your car that tells you where you are and (n) (TS) gives you directions. Hngematte hammock (n) /hmk/ A hammock is a bed consisting of a piece of cloth tied to a tree. eine Handvoll a handful (of) / hndfl (v) / A handful of people or things is a very small number of them. handbemalt hand-painted (adj) (TS) /hndpentd/ Eric bought some beautiful hand-painted toy soldiers. eine enge Wende; scharf a hard turn (n) (TS) / hd tn/ A hard turn is a sudden movement you make to the right or left. nach abbiegen Stck a head of (cattle) / hed v kt()l/ A head is an expression used as a way of counting farm animals. in Schwung kommen; richtig When an activity hots up, it becomes much more popular. hot up (phr v) /ht p/ losgehen immigrant (n) /mgrnt/ Sutter was a Swiss immigrant who came to California in 1848. Einwanderer be intent on /bi ntent n/ Sutter was intent on building his own private empire. eine feste Absicht haben joint (adj) /nt/ A joint company is owned by more than one person. gemeinsam keenly understand sth /kinli ndstnd sm/ If you keenly understand a situation, you have thought about it and etwas sehr gut verstehen understand it well. Knigreich kingdom (n) /kdm/ A kingdom is an area or activity that someone controls. lead to sbs downfall (TS) /lid t smbdz/ /danfl/ zum Ruin von jmd fhren Alcoholism led to his downfall and Californias first millionaire died an unnoticed death. lebensbejahend life-affirming (adj) /laffm/ Something that is life-affirming makes you feel happier or more positive about life. Leben lifetime (n) /laftam/ The adventurers were willing to spend a difficult year in return for a lifetime of riches. Wahnsinn madness (n) /mdns/ If people think that something is madness, they think it is extremely stupid. Midlifecrisis mid-life crisis (n) /mdlaf krass/ A mid-life crisis is when people who are middle-aged feel very anxious about their life. eine Hypothek aufnehmen mortgage (v) /mg/ People mortgaged their farms in order to travel to California. Neuankmmling newcomer (n) /njukm/ Sutter welcomed the newcomers as subjects for his new kingdom.

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opportunist (n) /ptjunst/ An Opportunist(-in) opportunist is someone who always tries to get an advantage for themselves. Vorposten outpost (n) /atpst/ An outpost is a place that is far away from other places. Pfanne pan (n) /pn/ A pan is a large, flat bowl used for collecting gold. Spitzhacke pick (n) /pk/ A pick is a tool used for breaking hard surfaces. privates Reich private empire (n) /pravt empa/ Someones private empire is a business that they own. verklagen ; strafrechtlich prosecute (v) /prskjut/ If you prosecute someone, you officially accuse them of a crime. verfolgen be registered in sbs name /bi restd n/ auf den Namen von jmd Christopher sold the car although it was registered in his mothers smbdz nem/ zugelassen sein name. resident (n) /rezd()nt/ Bewohner(-in) Residents are the people who live in a particular place. risk-taker (n) /rsktek/ A ein risikofreudiger Mensch risk-taker is someone who is not afraid of taking risks to get what they want. der eigentlicher Grund sein at the root of sth /t rut v sm/ If something is at the root of a problem or situation, it is the thing that has caused it. Lufer; Vorleger rug (n) /rg/ A rug is a very small carpet that you put on a floor. ruiniert ruined (adj) /rund/ In 1850 Sutter had lost all his wealth and was a ruined man. Satellitennavigation satellite navigation (n) (TS) /stlat nvge()n/ Satellite navigation is a system that tells you where you are and gives you directions. Sgewerk sawmill (n) /sml/ A sawmill is a building where wood is cut into pieces using a machine. Plan; Idee; Strategie scheme (n) /skim/ A scheme is a plan that you make in order to get something. Schaufel shovel (n) /v()l/ A shovel is a tool that is used for lifting and moving earth or snow. Heilbad; Kurort spa (n) /sp/ A spa is a type of bath filled with water that you put your feet into in order to relax. Eilzustellung special delivery (n) /spe()l dlv()ri/ A special delivery is a parcel that is delivered by a fast postal service. Rampenlicht spotlight (n) /sptlat/ If you are in the spotlight, everyone is looking at you or is interested in you. von vorn neu anfangen start afresh /stt fre/ Ian Usher has sold his life because he wants to start afresh. halb verhungert starving (adj) /stv/ I havent eaten since this morning Im starving. Aussage; Erklrung statement (n) /stetmnt/ A statement is something that you say or write publicly. Aktiengesellschaft stock company (n) /stk kmp()ni/ A stock company is one that is owned by several people. Untertan(-in) subject (n) /sbekt/ A subject is a person who works for someone who is very powerful.

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supply and demand (n) /spla n dmnd/ Angebot und Nachfrage The laws of supply and demand relate to the amount of a product that is available and how many people want to buy it. einen Wohlttigsverein support a charity /spt rti/ If you support a charity, you give money to it. untersttzen sweep sb up (phr v) (TS) /swip smbdi p/ If jmd mitreien water or snow sweeps someone up, it moves over them quickly. Swiss (adj) /sws/ Someone Schweizer(-in) who is Swiss is from Switzerland. tear down (phr v) /te dan/ If abreien you tear down a building, you destroy it. telegraph (v) /telgrf/ telegrafieren News of the discovery of gold was telegraphed to every village and town. pochen; heftig schlagen thump (v) /mp/ If your heart thumps, it beats very fast. niedertrampeln trample (v) /trmp()l/ If people trample something, they destroy it by walking all over it. berqueren traverse (v) (TS) /trvs/ If you traverse an area, you move over or across it. By the mid-1840s more and more Americans were trickling into California. langsam eintrudeln trickle (v) /trk()l/ undertake (v) /ndtek/ Other people have undertaken similar schemes to Ian Usher and profited. unternehmen vigorous (adj) /vg()rs/ If you do vigorous exercise, you exercise very hard. krftig; kraftvoll vision (n) /v()n/ Sutter had a vision of building his own private empire. Vision visionary (n) /vn()ri/ Someone who is a visionary has a clear idea of how things should be Visionr(-in) done. wagon (n) /wgn/ A wagon is an old-fashioned vehicle pulled by horses. (Pferde)wagen be in the way /bi n we/ If you are in the way, you are stopping people from doing what they im Wege stehen want to do. wealthy (adj) /weli/ Wealthy is a word meaning the same as rich. vermgend whisper (n) /wsp/ Whispers of a gold strike drifted eastward across the country. Gercht; Geflster Why on earth? /wa n / Why on earth? is an expression that is used to emphasize the Warum in aller Welt? question word Why?. without sbs knowledge /wat smbdz/ nl/ ohne jmds Wissen Without his mothers knowledge, Christopher sold her car.

Collocations
have
have a chat have difficulty have a duty /hv t/ If you have a chat with someone, you talk to them for a short time. mit jmd plaudern /hv dfk()lti/ We had difficulty finding somewhere to park. Schwierigkeiten haben /hv djuti/ We all have a duty to help each other. die Pflicht haben

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have have have have have have have

a a a a a a a

go guess laugh look right think word

/hv g/ If versuchen you have a go at something, you try to do it. /hv ges/ raten How many people live in the UK? I dont know. Have a guess. /hv lf/ lachen I like meeting friends and having a laugh. /hv lk/ sehen; sich anschauen Can I have a look at your new iPod? /hv rat/ ein Recht haben People over 18 have the right to vote. /hv k/ etwas berlegen Well have a think and let you know what we decide. /hv wd/ jmd sprechen Can I have a quick word with you, please?

make
make a fortune /mek fun/ Top football players can make a fortune. ein Vermgen verdienen make a fuss /mek fs/ If you make a fuss about something, you get too worried or excited viel Wirbel um etwas machen about it. make a living /mek lv/ It can be hard to make a living as an actor. seinen Lebensunterhalt verdienen make a loss /mek ls/ Banks have made huge losses in recent months. einen Verlust machen make a mess /mek mes/ I always make a mess when I cook. Unordnung machen make money /mek mni/ Businessmen such as Bill Gates and Richard Branson have made a lot of Geld verdienen money. make a profit /mek prft/ If you make a profit, you sell something for more money than it cost einen Gewinn machen to buy. einen Sinn haben make sense /mek sens/ I dont understand my dreams. They never make sense. einen Start machen make a start /mek stt/ Weve a lot of work to do we'd better make a start.

take
take action /tek k()n/ Theres a time for talking and a time for taking action. handeln take advice /tek dvas/ If you take advice, you ask someone for their opinion about the best sich beraten lassen thing to do. take a deep breath /tek dip bre/ Take a deep breath and calm down. tief einatmen take take take take an exam notes office place /tek n gzm/ Shes taking her piano exam tomorrow. eine Prfung ablegen /tek nts/ Students listened to the teacher and took notes. sich Notizen machen /tek fs/ President Barack Obama took office in January 2009. sein Amt antreten /tek ples/ The 2012 Olympics take place in London. stattfinden

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take responsibility take a risk take sugar

/tek rspnsblti/ Verantwortung bernehmen Shes 16 and old enough to take responsibility for herself. /tek rsk/ ein Risiko eingehen You sometimes have to take risks to succeed. /tek g/ Do Zucker nehmen you take sugar in coffee?

Metaphors
Time = Money
be running out of time /bi rn at v tam/ spare (sb) a couple of minutes /spe (smbdi) /kp()l v mnts/ sbs time is precious /smbdiz tam z pres/ use your time profitably /juz j tam prftbli/ waste your time /west j tam/ be worth sbs while /bi w smbdiz wal/ nicht mehr viel Zeit haben ein paar Minuten Zeit haben jmds Zeit ist sehr kostbar Ihre Zeit sinnvoll nutzen Ihre Zeit verschwenden sich fr einen lohnen Hurry up! Were running out of time. We need to talk. Can you spare a couple of minutes? If someones time is precious, they are busy and do not have a lot of time. You should use your time more profitably and get a proper job. Youre wasting your time if you think you can make money out of the Internet. Just five minutes of your time I promise it will be worth your while!

Ideas = Food
chew sth over digest information food for thought be a half-baked idea /u sm v/ Martha had been chewing over the idea for the past few weeks. sich etwas durch den Kopf gehen lassen /daest nfme()n/ I need time to digest all this information. Information verarbeiten /fud f t/ Thats interesting. Theres certainly food for thought here. Stoff zum Nachdenken /bi hf bekt ad/ A half-baked idea is one that you have not thought about properly. eine unausgegorene Sache sein

Money
afford (v) /fd/ If you can afford something, you have enough money to buy it. sich etwas leisten be a bargain (TS) /bi bgn/ If something is a bargain it costs much less than normal. ein Schnppchen sein He didnt save the money instead he blew it all on a new music system. blow it on sth /bl t n sm/ verpulvern breadwinner (n) /bredwn/ A breadwinner is the person who earns the money to support a family. Ernhrer; Brotverdiener broke (adj) /brk/ If you are broke, you have spent all your money. pleite budget (n) /bt/ A budget is an amount of money that you an afford to spend on Budget; Haushaltsplan; Etat something. cheap and cheerful (TS) /ip n f()l/ Something that is cheap and cheerful does not cost a lot of money but preiswert is suitable for a particular purpose.
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earn a living /n lv/ Do seinen Lebensunterhalt you agree that its a mans job to earn a living? Theres no such thing as a free lunch means that you cannot get something good verdienen Theres no such thing as a free /ez n s z without paying for it. Man bekommt im Leben lunch. /fri ln/ nichts geschenkt. hard-up (adj) /hdp/ Someone who is hard-up does not have a lot of money. knapp bei Kasse inherit (v) /nhert/ He told his girlfriend he had inherited the money from his grandfather, erben who had died. investieren invest (v) /nvest/ If you invest money, you use it in order to make more money. steinreich loaded (adj) /ldd/ Loaded is an informal word meaning extremely rich. Geldgier fhrt immer zu The love of money is the / lv v mni z The love of money is the root of all evil means that money makes bsen Taten. root of of all evil. rut v l iv()l/ people do bad things to other people. ein Krsus sein be made of money /bi med v mni/ No, I cant afford to buy you a new car Im not made of money, you know! Geld bringt die Welt zum Money makes the world. /mni meks wld Money makes the world go round means that it is peoples desire to Laufen. go round g rand/ make money that makes them do things. If you pay off an overdraft, you pay the bank money that you owe to it. berziehungskredit overdraft (n) /vdrft/ get sth for peanuts /get sm f pints/ Computers are much cheaper nowadays you can get them for peanuts. etwas fast umsonst bekommen In for a penny, in for a pound. /n fr peni n fr In for a penny, in for a pound means that you intend to finish Wenn schon, denn schon. pand/ something you have started doing. pricey (adj) (TS) /prasi/ Pricey is a word that means expensive. recht teuer push the boat out /p bt at/ If you push the boat out, you decide to spend a lot of money on viel Geld ausgeben something. Put your money where your /pt j mni we j If you put your money where your mouth is, you give money to nicht nur reden, sondern mouth is. ma z/ someone or something to show that you mean what you say. auch handeln save it for a rainy day /sev t fr reni de/ If you save money for a rainy day, you save it for a time when you auf die hohe Kante legen need it. splash out (on) (phr v) /spl at (n) / He splashed out on an extravagant champagne holiday for himself and sich etwas spendieren his girlfriend. How much can you afford to spend? I could stretch to about 10,000. sich etwas gerade noch stretch to sth (phr v) /stre t sm/ leisten a sum of money / sm v mni/ Christopher said he had inherited a sum of money from his grandfather. eine (grere) Geldsumme tax (v) /tks/ The government taxes cigarettes and alcohol heavily. besteuern

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Watch the pennies, and the pounds take care of themselves. be worth 100/$250 etc

/w penz n pandz tek ke v mselvz/ /bi w hndrd pandz/tu hndrd n ffti dlz/

Spare im Kleinen, dann hast du im Groen. 100/$250 wert sein

Watch the pennies and the pounds take care of themselves means that if you save small amounts of money, you will eventually have a large amount. Win a holiday worth 6,000!

Review A

(page 34)

Berater(-in) advisor /dvaz/ Louise wanted to save the bookshop and asked a business advisor for help. sehr erfreut delighted /dlatd/ The bookshop is making a fortune and Louise is delighted. die Nase voll haben fed-up /fedp/ If you feel fed-up, you feel bored and annoyed or sad. dafr sorgen, dass etwas get sth noticed /get sm ntst/ In order to get the shop noticed, she painted it bright red. auffllt etwas loswerden get rid of sth /get rd v sm/ I decided to get rid of the old car and buy a new one. aufgeben give up /gv p/ If you give up, you stop doing something. zurckzahlen pay sb back /pe smbdi bk/ I dont mind lending you the money, but I expect you to pay me back soon. have a row (with sb) /hv ra (w smbdi)/ mit jmd Krach haben We had a row and now were not speaking. ein Geschft fhren run a business /rn bzns/ Louise runs her own business a bookshop.

Unit 4

(page 36)
Erfolg; Errungenschaft beabsichtigen Munition die Antarktis Getting to the Pole was a tremendous achievement for Ben. Claire is aiming to raise money for a breast cancer charity. Ammunition is bullets that can be fired from a gun. The Antarctic is the extremely cold region in the most southern part of the world.

achievement (n) /ivmnt/ aim (v) /em/ ammunition (n) /mjn()n/ the Antarctic (n) /i ntktk/

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the Arctic (n) /i ktk/ die Arktis The Arctic is the extremely cold region in the most northern part of the world. Brenbung bear drill (n) /be drl/ A bear drill is a series of actions that you must do to avoid being attacked by a bear. Kerl bloke (n) /blk/ Bloke is an informal word meaning a man. Blutzuckerspiegel blood sugar level (n) /bld g lev()l/ Its important to maintain blood sugar levels for energy. rger bother (n) /b/ Bother is an informal word meaning problems or difficulties. BH bra (n) /br/ A bra is a piece of underwear that supports a womans breasts. Kohlenhydrate carbohydrates (carbs) (n pl) /kbhadrets/ Carbohydrates or carbs are substances in foods such as bread and potatoes. Kardio(bung) cardio (n) /kdi/ A cardio is an exercise to make the heart stronger. Fleischfresser carnivore (n) /knv/ Carnivores are animals who eat meat. Patrone cartridge (n) (TS) /ktr/ Pen reloaded the gun again with a fifth and sixth cartridge. (gute) Sache cause (n) /kz/ Completing the MoonWalk means I will have contributed money to a good cause. Herausforderung challenge (n) /ln/ Doing a walk for charity and giving up smoking are different types of challenge. dafr sorgen, dass jmd clear sbs head /kl smbdiz hed/ If something clears your head, it helps you to think more clearly. wieder klar denken kann trsten comfort (v) /kmft/ If you comfort someone, you make them feel better. entscheidend crucial (adj) /kru()l/ Carbohydrates are crucial for energy levels. wie der Tod auf Urlaub look like death warmed up /lk lak de wmd p/ Someone who looks like death warmed up looks extremely ill. aussehen zu jmds Freude to sbs delight /t smbdiz dlat/ To my delight, the twenty cigarettes were intact! whlen dial (v) /dal/ I should dial Shubentsov whenever I feel the urge to smoke. schleppen drag (v) /drg/ If you drag something heavy, you pull it with difficulty. Bestreben endeavour (n) /endev/ Do you think that the achievements and endeavours of explorers have significance for the rest of us? Energieriegel energy bar (n) /eni b/ An energy bar is a small piece of cake or biscuit that you eat to give you energy. Umweltforscher(-in) environmental scientist (n) /nvarnment()l An environmental scientist specialises in studying the environment. santst/ Expedition expedition (n) /ekspd()n/ Ben went on an expedition to the North Pole.

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explorer (n) /ksplr/ Forscher(-in) Richard Branson, Ellen McArthur and Ben Saunders are all explorers. fingertip (n) /fgtp/ Fingerspitze Your fingertips are the parts right at the end of your fingers. finishing line (n) /fn lan/ The Ziellinie finishing line is a line on a track that marks the end of a race. fire (v) /fa/ feuern Fire is an informal word meaning to make someone leave their job. focus (n) /fks/ Aufmerksamkeit Focus is the effort and concentration that you give to something. frostbite (n) /frstbat/ Erfrierungen Walking through snow and ice can give you frostbite. fundamentally (adv) /fndment()li/ im Grunde genommen Fundamentally means the same as basically. gear (n) /g/ Zeug; Sachen Running gear is the type of clothes you wear for running. healing energy (n) /hil eni/ Heilkraft Healing energy is energy that helps to cure people. health freak (n) /hel frik/ A Gesundheitsfanatiker(-in) health freak is someone who is obsessed with keeping fit. hibernate (v) /habnet/ Winterschlaf halten Do polar bears hibernate in winter? hooked (adj) /hkt/ If abhngig you are hooked on cigarettes, you cannot do without them. horizon (n) /hraz()n/ Horizont Peoples horizons are the things they try to achieve. hydrated (adj) /hadretd/ Its hydratisiert important to stay hydrated so Ill be drinking a lot of water. imminent (adj) /mnnt/ Something nahe bevorstehend that is imminent is going to happen soon. inquisitive (adj) /nkwztv/ neugierig; wissbegierig Inquisitive means the same as curious. intact (adj) /ntkt/ Something intakt; unversehrt that is intact is not damaged or broken. intrigue (v) /ntrig/ neugierig machen The question: How far can we go? intrigues Ben. joint (n) /nt/ Gelenk Your joints are the parts of your body that can bend such as your knees and hips. jmd am Leben/ber Wasser keep sb going /kip smbdi g/ The idea of giving money to a good cause keeps Claire going. halten Its killing me! /ts kl mi/ Es tut sehr weh! My ankles hurting in fact its killing me! land-based (adj) /lndbest/ auf dem Land lebend Land-based animals are animals that live on the land, not in the sea. media interest (n) /midi ntrst/ Interesse der Medien Media interest is the interest shown by TV, newspapers in events. membership (n) /membp/ Gym Mitgliedschaft membership can be quite expensive. motivational speaker (n) /mtve()nl spik/ A rhetorisch geschickte(r) motivational speaker is someone who gives talks in public to try to Redner(-in) encourage people to do something. muddy (adj) /mdi/ A schwer verstndlich muddy accent is deep and not very clear. navigate (v) /nvget/ Someone navigieren who navigates uses maps or other equipment to decide which way to go. Someone who is obscenely rich is so rich that you think it is unacceptable. unverschmt obscenely (adv) /bsinli/

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only have yourself to blame /nli hv jself t blem/ etwas nur sich selbst If you only have yourself to blame, you are completely responsible for vorzuwerfen haben something bad. outline (v) /atlan/ If umreien you outline something, you give a quick description of it. outrun (v) /atrn/ If schneller laufen als you outrun a person or animal, you run faster than them. pocket (v) /pkt/ in die Tasche stecken I picked the cigarettes up and pocketed them. pointless (adj) /pntls/ Something sinnlos that is pointless does not have any meaning or use. power-walk/power-walking (n) /pawk/ A Power-Walking power-walk or power-walking is a form of exercise in which you pawk/ walk very quickly. aufhren mit; aufgeben quit (v) /kwt/ Once youve started smoking, its very difficult to quit. Aufgabemethode quitting technique (n) /kwt teknik/ Lots of quitting techniques are available to help you give up smoking. seitdem es Aufzeichnungen since records began /sns rekdz bgn/ Conditions in the Arctic were described as some of the worst since gegeben hat records began. erleichtert relieved (adj) /rlivd/ I felt relieved when no one answered the phone. nachladen reload (v) /rild/ Pen reloaded the gun when he saw the bear walking towards them. das Gegenteil the reverse (n) / rvs/ The reverse of something is its opposite. riskant risky (adj) /rski/ Something that is risky is slightly dangerous. Seehund seal (n) /sil/ Do polar bears eat seals? Es geschieht dir recht. It serves you right. /t svz ju rat/ My back stings I didnt put any sunblock on. It serves you right then, doesnt it? chaotisch shambolic (adj) /mblk/ Something that is shambolic does not succeed because it is badly organised. Bedeutung significance (n) /sgnfkns/ Do the achievements of explorers have significance for the rest of us? kein Auge zutun not sleep a wink /nt slip wk/ If you dont sleep a wink , you dont sleep at all. Schlitten sledge (n) /sle/ Ben Saunders dragged a 180-kilogramme sledge over 1,420 miles. in etwas hineinrutschen slip into sth /slp nt sm/ If you slip into a particular way of behaving or speaking, you start behaving or speaking in that way. Sohle sole (n) /sl/ The soles of your feet are the flat parts underneath your feet. Sdpol the South Pole (n) / sa pl/ The South Pole is the part of the earth that is the furthest south. sponsern; frdern sponsor (v) /spns/ If you sponsor something, you provide the money that is necessary to do it. Durchhaltevermgen stamina (n) /stmn/ Your stamina is the ability to do something without getting tired. nach und nach steadily (adv) /stedli/ Slowly and steadily most smokers get hooked on cigarettes.

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a streaming nose / strim nz/ If eine triefende Nase you have a streaming nose, liquid flows from your nose because you have a cold. Krafttraining strength-training (n) /stretren/ Claire does a combination of cardio, aerobics and strength-training to prepare for the race. sich anstrengen stretch yourself (v refl) /stre jself/ The more you stretch yourself, the stronger your self-belief gets. Vorrte supplies (n pl) /splaz/ Supplies are things such as food or medical equipment that you need. bertragen transmit (v) /trnzmt/ Shubentsov transmits his healing energy through his fingertips.

Collocations
be in charge of die Verantwortung fr etwas /bi n v/ If you are in charge of something, you are responsible for it. haben close the barrel /klz brl/ If you close the barrel of a gun, you close the part that the bullet is den Gewehrlauf zumachen fired through. Ich wurde daraus nicht ganz Something was wrong, but I couldnt quite figure it out. I couldnt quite figure out /a kd()nt kwat fg schlau. t at/ Die Waffe hat noch The guns still jammed. / gnz stl md/ The guns still jammed it wont fire. Ladehemmung. l die Waffe laden oad the gun /ld gn/ If you load a gun, you put bullets in it. in Zeitlupe laufen go into slow motion /g nt sl /m()n/ If everything goes into slow motion, it seems to be happening very slowly. abdrcken pull the trigger /pl trg/ If you pull the trigger of a gun, you fire it. Es gibt keine Mglichkeit Theres no way ... /ez n we/ Theres no way we can outrun a bear! den Reiverschluss undo the zip /ndu zp/ My fingers were too cold to undo the zip. aufmachen /kl smbdi bk/ Leave a message and Ill call you back. jmd zurckrufen /es smbdi/sm Smoke chases away mosquitoes. vertreiben we/ /km p w/ I wish someone would come up with non-fattening chocolate! erfinden /kt dan n/ Hes trying to cut down on the number of cigarettes he smokes a day. reduzieren /du wat sm/ Most smokers find it hard to do without cigarettes. auf etwas verzichten /drav smbdi we/ Smoking can help drive away annoying people! vertreiben /get v sm/ If you get over something difficult or upsetting, you recover from it. ber etwas hinwegkommen

Phrasal verbs
call sb back chase sb/sth away come up with cut down on do without sth drive sb away get over sth

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give in /gv n/ If nachgeben you give in, you do something that you shouldnt. give sth in /gv sm n/ Dont abgeben forget to give your homework in. hop down /hp dan/ I absteigen hopped down from the doorstep and picked the cigarettes up from the pavement. Schritt halten mit keep up with /kip p w/ Its not easy keeping up with all the latest diets. jmd im Stich lassen let sb down /let smbdi dan/ If someone lets you down, they disappoint you. anznden light up /lat p/ When you light up, you light a cigarette or cigar. nachschlagen look sth up /lk sm p/ Look the words up in a dictionary. aufheben pick sth up /pk sm p/ (Sense 1) He picked the cigarettes up from the pavement. lernen; sich aneignen (Sense 2) Some people find it easier to pick up a new language than others. auflegen put the phone down /pt fn dan/ When he puts the phone down, he feels relieved. verschieben put sth off /pt sm f/ I need to lose weight but I keep putting it off. jmd ausgehen run out of /rn at v/ During Bens first expedition they ran out of food. anfangen/ take sth up /tek sm p/ (Sense 1) When did you take up smoking? in Anspruch nehmen (Sense 2) Work takes up a lot of most peoples lives.

Word Formation
-able/-ible
accessible /ksesb()l/ Prices that are accessible can be afforded by most people. zugnglich My Arctic expedition is just about doable, and thats whats exciting to me. doable /dubl/ machbar edible /edb()l/ If food is not edible, it is not good enough to be eaten. essbar enjoyable /nb()l/ We spent a very enjoyable evening together. angenehm feasible /fizb()l/ My Arctic expedition is just about feasible, and thats whats exciting durchfhrbar to me. reasonable /riz()nb()l/ Something that seems reasonable seems sensible. vernnftig unbearable /nberb()l/ I find very hot temperatures unbearable. unertrglich

selfself-belief (n) /selfblif/ self-conscious (adj) /selfkns/ Selbstvertrauen befangen Doing things that are risky or uncomfortable makes your self-belief get stronger. I feel self-conscious when I speak English to a native speaker.

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self-discipline (n) self-employed (adj)

/selfdspln/ /selfmpld/

Selbstdisziplin selbststndig

Self-discipline is the ability to make yourself do things that are difficult. I dont like working for other people Id rather be self-employed.

Unit 5

(page 46)

accidentally (adv) (TS) /ksdent()li/ If you do something accidentally, you do it without meaning to. versehentlich affirmation (n) /fmen/ An affirmation is a statement that something is true. Besttigung aftershave (n) /ftev/ Aftershave is a liquid with a pleasant smell that men put on their face Aftershave; Rasierwasser after shaving. annehmen assume (v) /sjum/ If you assume something, you think it is true even though you have no proof that it is. an etwas hngen be attached to sth /bi tt tu/ Some people are very attached to their superstitions. zurcksetzen; zurckfahren back out (phr v) /bk at/ Dad always backs out of the drive carefully. aufspringen lassen bounce (v) /bans/ Serena bounces the ball five times before the first serve. sich vom Unglck befreien break a jinx /brek ks/ If you break a jink, you stop something that is bringing you bad luck. mit halsbrecherischer at breakneck speed /t breknek spid/ Someone who drives at breakneck speed drives extremely fast. Geschwindigkeit streifen brush against (phr v) (TS) /br genst/ Nobody is allowed in the garage in case they accidentally brush against the car. etwas wiederholt wie im chant (v) /nt/ If you chant something, you sing a word or phrase many times. Chor singen ersticken choking (adj) (TS) /k/ If you are choking you cannot breathe properly and are coughing because of smoke or fumes. treffen auf; zufllig come across (phr v) /km krs/ If you come across someone, you meet them by chance. begegnen kontrastierend contrasting (adj) /kntrst/ Contrasting colours are colours such as black and white that are very different from each other. Cabriolet convertible (n) /knvtb()l/ A convertible is a car with a roof that can be folded back or removed completely. Kabine cubicle (n) /kjubk()l/ A shower cubicle is a small, enclosed area where you can have a shower.

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curse (n) /ks/ A Fluch curse is a bad situation or event caused by someone who deliberately uses magic powers. im Innersten deep down (TS) /dip dan/ If you feel something deep down, you feel it even though your behaviour may not show it. beruhen auf; sich ableiten derive from (phr v) /drav frm/ Some of Serenas confidence derives from the knowledge that shes a von super-talented player. widmen devote (v) /dvt/ If you devote your time to doing something, you spend a lot of time doing that thing. zurckgreifen auf fall back on sth (phr v) /fl bk n sm/ Ana Ivanovic explains that she likes having rituals to fall back on. zuallererst first and foremost /fst n fmst/ A wedding, first and foremost, is a rite of passage to be shared with family and close friends. sich konzentrieren focus (v) /fks/ If you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that thing. Formel formula (n) /fmjl/ Superstitions form part of Serenas winning formula. Konzert; Gig gig (n) /gg/ A gig is a performance of live music. durchgehen go through (phr v) /g ru/ If you go through a routine, ritual or procedure, you do a series of actions regularly. idyllisch An idyllic situation is one that is perfect and makes you feel very happy. idyllic (adj) /dlk/ immun immune (adj) /mjun/ If you are not immune to something, you are affected by it. verkehrt herum inside out (adv) /nsad at/ Something that is inside out has the inside part facing towards the outside. Hexerei; Fluch jinx (n) /ks/ A jinx is something that causes bad luck. bekloppt loopy (adj) /lupi/ Someone who is loopy is slightly crazy. zusammenpassen match (v) /m/ If things match, they look good or attractive together. psychologisches Spiel mind game (n) /mand gem/ A mind game is a series of actions intended to affect how someone thinks or feels. Nationalhymne national anthem (n) /n()nl nm/ A national anthem is the official national song of a country. zwanghafte obsessive compulsive /bsesv kmplsv Obsessive compulsive disorder is a type of mental illness which makes Verhaltensstrung disorder (n) dsd/ you repeat certain actions.

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obsessively (adv) /bsesvli/ If wie besessen you focus obsessively on one thing, you only think about or do that thing. Gegner(-in) opponent (n) /pnnt/ An opponent in a game of sport is the person or team you are playing against. sich fr etwas entscheiden opt (for) (v) /pt (f)/ Some people dont want the stress of a big wedding and opt for a low-key affair instead. Kleidung; Kluft outfit (n) /atft/ Some football fans wear the same clothing to a match if that outfit brought victory in the previous game. festklopfen pat down (phr v) (TS) /pt dan/ If you pat something down, you press it gently with your fingers. perfektionieren perfect (v) /pfekt/ If you perfect a skill, you practise it until it is perfect. Perfektionismus perfectionism (n) /pfek()nzm/ Perfectionism is the state of being perfect and without any mistakes. Platz pitch (n) /p/ A pitch is a flat area of ground used for playing sports such as cricket or football. bei etwas den Vorsitz haben preside (over) (v) /przad v/ If you preside over something, you are responsible or in charge of it. Verfahren; Routine procedure (n) /prsi/ Dad always goes through exactly the same procedure before setting off in the car. rational rational (adj) /r()nl/ Someone who is rational is sensible and makes good decisions. unnachgiebig relentlessly (adv) /rlentlsli/ If you do something relentlessly, you do it again and again without stopping. berhmt fr etwas sein be renowned for sth /bi rnand f sm/ If you are renowned for something, you are associated with it and well known for it. angeblich reportedly (adv) /rptdli/ Beckham reportedly spends hours straightening the furniture at home. abstoend; widerwrtig repulsive (adj) (TS) /rplsv/ Something that is repulsive is extremely unpleasant. weit verbreitet rife (adj) /raf/ Something bad that is rife is very widespread and common. Ritual A ritual is something that you do regularly and always in the same way. ritual (n) /rul/ ritualgebunden ritual-bound (adj) /rulband/ Someone who is ritual-bound must do something regularly in order to feel happy. ritualistisch ritualistic (adj) /rulstk/ Victoria Beckham has had to get used to Davids ritualistic ways. unterwegs be on the road /bi n rd/ If you are on the road a lot, you travel a lot. After the run through for the wedding, we were ready for the real thing. Generalprobe run through (n) /rn ru/ set off (phr v) /set f/ When you set off, you start a journey. losfahren shades (n pl) /edz/ Shades is an informal word that means sunglasses. Sonnenbrille sit by (phr v) /st ba/ If one building sits by another, it is situated next to that building. neben etwas stehen

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skill (n) /skl/ A Fertigkeit skill is the ability to do something, usually to do it well. skinny (adj) /skni/ Someone sehr dnn who is skinny is very thin. slam (v) /slm/ If zuknallen you slam a door, you shut it hard, usually because you are angry. sneeze (v) /sniz/ niesen Strong aftershave makes me want to sneeze. Elvis is the most sought-after soloist in the Las Vegas wedding industry. soloist (n) /slst/ Solist(-in) sought-after (adj) /stft/ Someone who is sought-after is very popular. begehrt a spare pair (n) / spe pe/ Mums always losing her glasses she should get a spare pair! Ersatz(brille) take sth a stage further /tek sm ste f/ eine Stufe weiterfhren Beckham takes his rituals a stage further as everything has to be just right at home as well. straighten (v) /stret()n/ If you straighten something, you make it straight or put it in a straight gerade machen/biegen/ line. ziehen stick thin (adj) /stk n/ Someone who is stick thin is extremely thin. dnn wie eine Bohnenstange What strikes me is ... /wt straks mi z/ What strikes me is that so many celebrity marriages are short-lived. was mir auffllt stride (v) /strad/ If you stride somewhere, you walk there quickly and confidently. mit groen Schritten gehen superstition (n) /supst()n/ A superstition is the belief that things such as magic or luck have the Aberglaube power to affect your life. aberglubisch superstitious (adj) /supsts/ A lot of sports people are very superstitious. ausklopfen tap out (phr v) (TS) /tp at/ If you tap out tobacco, you put it in a pipe. vernichtend schlagen thrash (v) /r/ If you thrash an opponent at sport, you beat them very easily. in absoluter Hchstform at the top of your game /t tp v j gem/ Someone who is at the top of their game is playing it better than anyone else. Spur track (n) /trk/ A track on a CD is a particular song. jmd zudecken tuck up (phr v) (TS) /tk p/ When you tuck a child up, you put him or her into bed and put a duvet or blankets round them. zweizackig two-pronged (adj) /tuprd/ Something that is two-pronged has two long, sharp points at the end of it. ungerade uneven (adj) /niv()n/ 2,4,6,8 are even numbers; 1,3,5,7. are uneven numbers. die Oberhand haben have the upper hand /hv i p hnd/ If you have the upper hand in a situation, you are in control of it. mutwillig beschdigen vandalise (v) /vndlaz/ If you vandalise something, you deliberately damage or destroy it.

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Useful Phrases
Things that annoy you
I cant stand it when ... /a knt stnd t wen/ I find it irritating when ... /a fand t rtet wen/ I hate it when ... /a het t wen/ It really annoys me when ... /t rli nz mi wen/ It really winds me up when ... /t rli wandz mi p wen/ The thing that annoys me / t nz mi most ... mst/ Ich halte es nicht aus, wenn I cant stand it when people say they havent done any work for an exam and then get top marks! Ich finde es rgerlich, wenn I find it irritating when people keep losing things. I hate it when men wear too much aftershave. Ich hasse es, wenn It really annoys me when my brother and his girlfriend kiss in front of Ich rgere mich malos, me! wenn It really winds me up when people who are thin talk about how fat Es regt mich richtig auf, they are. wenn Was mich am meisten rgert The thing that annoys me most is people who talk but never listen.

How something makes you feel


It makes me mad. /t meks mi md/ It makes me sick. /t meks mi sk/ Its so annoying. /ts s n/ That really gets on my nerves. /t rli gets n ma nvz/ Es macht mich wtend. Es macht mich krank; Es wird mir bel. Es ist so rgerlich. Das geht mir wirklich auf die Nerven. It makes me mad when mum keeps losing her glasses! It makes me sick when my brother and his girlfriend hug and kiss in front of me! She talks all the way through films. Its so annoying. She complains all the time about being fat, and shes stick thin. That really gets on my nerves.

Weddings
aisle (n) /al/ The aisle is the long, narrow part of a church that you walk down Mittelgang before you get married. annul (v) /nl/ When a marriage is annulled, it is declared officially that it is no longer annullieren legal. best man (n) /best mn/ The best man is a male friend who helps the groom at a wedding. Trauzeuge des Brutigams bouquet of flowers (n) /buke v flaz/ In the UK, its a ritual for the bride to throw a bouquet of flowers into Blumenstrau the crowd of guests. bride (n) /brad/ Its traditional for Muslim brides to have their hands and feet Braut decorated in henna designs. bridesmaid (n) /bradzmed/ A Brautjungfer bridesmaid is a girl or young woman who helps the bride at a wedding.
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ceremony (n) /sermni/ The Zeremonie wedding ceremony was presided over by Ron DeCar, also known as Elvis. Zeremonie/Gottesdienst conduct a ceremony/service /kndkt sermni/ Rebecca said shes only marry Mat if Elvis conducted the service. leiten svs/ Konfetti confetti (n) /knfeti/ Confetti is small pieces of coloured paper that people throw in the air at a wedding. Drive-thru-Kapelle drive-through chapel (n) /dravru p()l/ A drive-through chapel is one that you can travel through in your car. aufwndig elaborate (adj) (TS) /lb()rt/ Moroccan weddings are elaborate affairs and preparations take weeks. sich gegenseitig das Jawort exchange vows /ksen vaz/ When a couple exchange vows, they make promises to each other geben during a wedding ceremony. heiraten get married /get mrd/ One in six couples now prefer to get married abroad. aus der Mode kommen go out of fashion /g at v f()n/ In Britain, the traditional white wedding is going out of fashion. Brutigam groom (n) /grum/ The groom is the man who is getting married. Henna henna (n) /hen/ Henna is a red-brown substance used for colouring hair or skin. Flitterwochen honeymoon (n) /hnimun/ A honeymoon is a holiday that a couple have after their wedding. Schwiegereltern in-laws (n pl) /nlz/ Your in-laws are the parents of your husband or wife. ppig; grozgig lavish (adj) /lv/ A lavish wedding is one that is extremely expensive. Limousine limousine (n) /lmzin/ A limousine is a large, expensive, comfortable car. einfach gehalten low-key (adj) /lki/ A low-key wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to which not many guests are invited. eine Rede halten make a speech /mek spi/ Its traditional for the groom and best man to make a speech. Matrimonial is a word that means relating to a wedding or marriage. ehelich matrimonial (adj) /mtrmnil/ modest (adj) /mdst/ A modest wedding is one that does not cost a lot of money and to bescheiden which not many guests are invited. your nearest and dearest /j nrst n drst/ Your nearest and dearest is an expression meaning your family. deine/Ihre Lieben No wonder there is/are ... /n wnd er z// Millions of people get married in Vegas no wonder there are Kein Wunder, dass wedding chapels round every corner. once-in-a-lifetime /wnsnlaftam/ Honeymoons are a once-in-a-lifetime holiday. einmalig; nur einmal im Leben package (n) /pk/ The wedding package in Las Vegas included limo, video, three songs Pauschalangeot and twenty-four photos. photographer (n) /ftgrf/ Wedding photographers are people who are paid to take photographs Fotograf(-in) at weddings.

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pin money on sth /pn mni n sm/ Geldscheine anheften At Muslim weddings, guests pin money on the bridegrooms suit. pose (n) /pz/ A Pose; Haltung pose is another word for a photograph. A priest is a person who conducts the service during a religious wedding. priest (n) /prist/ Priester(-in); Geistliche(-r) pronounce you man and wife /prnans ju mn n zu (Ehe)mann und (Ehe)frau I now pronounce you man and wife are the words that are said at waf/ the end of a wedding ceremony. erklren propose a toast /prpz tst/ When the best man proposes a toast, he says that the guests at a einen Toast auf jmd wedding reception should drink together to send best wishes to the ausbringen bride and groom. reinigen purify (v) (TS) /pjrfa/ In Morocco, the bride has a milk bath, which is supposed to purify her. Hochzeitsfest; - empfang reception (n) /rsep()n/ A wedding reception is a formal party after a wedding. Ring ring (n) /r/ A wedding ring is a piece of jewellery that someone who is married wears on their finger. bergangsritus; -ritual rite of passage (n) /rat v ps/ A rite of passage is a ceremony that marks an important stage in someones life. sich trennen separate (v) /sepret/ Rene Zellwegger and her husband separated after four months of marriage. kurzlebig ; von kurzer Dauer Celebrities are renowned for their short-lived marriages. short-lived (adj) /tlvd/ Groraumlimousine superstretch limo (n) /supstre lm/ A superstretch limo is a large, expensive car that is very long. Reis werfen throw rice /r ras/ Sometimes guests throw rice over the bride and groom as they leave the church. den Bund frs Leben tie the knot /ta nt/ Tie the knot is an informal expression meaning to get married. schlieen Schleier veil (n) /vel/ A veil is a thin piece of material worn over a womans face. Gelbde vow (n) /va/ A vow is a promise that you make to someone when you marry them. die Braut zum Altar fhren walk (sb) down the aisle /wk dan i al/ Fathers are often very proud to walk their daughters down the aisle. Hochzeitskuchen wedding cake (n) /wed kek/ A wedding cake is a special cake that is eaten during a wedding reception. Hochzeitsgeschenk wedding present (n) /wed prez()nt/ The crystal vase was a wedding present from friends. Hochzeit in Wei white wedding (n) /wat wed/ A white wedding is a traditional wedding where the bride is dressed in white. Hab und Gut; weltlicher worldly goods (n pl) (TS) /wldli gdz/ Worldly goods are your possessions. Besitz

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Unit 6

(page 56)

abandon (v) /bndn/ If verlassen you abandon someone or something, you leave it and no longer care about it. alarmierend alarming (adj) /lm/ Alarming means very frightening. warnen alert (v) /lt/ If you alert someone to something, you do something to make them realise what is happening. ungefhr approximate (adj) /prksmt/ An approximate figure or size is one that is close to a particular figure or size, but not exact. archaisch archaic (adj) /kek/ Archaic means very old or old-fashioned. vermeidbar avoidable (adj) /vdb()l/ Something that is avoidable could be stopped and should not happen. Gegenreaktion backlash (n) /bkl/ A backlash against something is a strong reaction against something you do not like. Biene bee (n) /bi/ A bee is a yellow and black insect that produces honey. Vogelgrippe bird flu (n) /bd flu/ Bird flu is a dangerous disease that affects both birds and people. anschwellen; aus bulge (v) /bl/ If your eyes bulge, they stick out and look bigger than usual. austreten Krebs cancer (n) /kns/ Cancer is a dangerous disease that affects different parts of the body and can kill you. gekhlt chilled (adj) /ld/ Chilled wine is very cold. subern clean up (phr v) /klin p/ Wall-E is a robot who cleans up the polluted planet. Klimawandel climate change (n) /klamt en/ Climate change is the changes that people think are making the weather in the world warmer. Sarg coffin (n) /kfn/ A coffin is a box in which you put the body of a dead person. zusammengenommen combined (adj) /kmband/ The meat industry produces more greenhouse gases than all the cars, trains and planes in the world combined. werden come out (phr v) /km at/ If something you cook comes out well, it is very well cooked and good to eat. Kompliment dem Koch/der Compliments to the chef. /kmplmnts t ef/ Compliments to the chef is an expression you use to say how much Kchin you have enjoyed someones cooking. kompromittieren compromise (v) /kmprmaz/ Vegetarians believe that eating meat compromises their beliefs.

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conduct a study /kndkt stdi/ The eine Untersuchung study into food waste was conducted by the Waste & Resources durchfhren Action Programme. confined space (n) /knfand spes/ beschrnkter Raum Confined spaces are places where there is not enough room to move. consume (v) /knsjum/ If verbrauchen you consume food or drink, you eat or drink it. consumption (n) /knsmp()n/ The Verbrauch consumption of bottled water has increased. contributor (n) /kntrbjt/ Beitrger Water bottles are a major contributor to global warming. convincing (adj) /knvns/ Something berzeugend that is convincing seems true or good. Corked wine tastes unpleasant because the cork in the bottle is damaged. corked (adj) /kkt/ schmeckt nach Kork cram (v) /krm/ Animals are treated badly and crammed into confined spaces. hineinzwngen cruelty (n) /krulti/ Ive stopped eating meat because Im against cruelty to animals. Grausamkeit deprive sb of sth (phr v) /dprav smbdi If you are deprived of something, you do not get enough of it. jmd etwas vorenthalten sm/ developing countries (n pl) /dvelp kntriz/ Developing countries are countries that are poor. Entwicklungslnder diabetes (n) /dabitiz/ Diabetes is a medical condition in which your body cannot reduce the Diabetes amount of sugar in your blood. discard (v) /dskd/ When you discard something, you throw it away. wegwerfen discarded (adj) /dskdd/ Discarded water bottles release dangerous substances into the air. weggeworfen disguise yourself (v refl) /dzgaz jself/ If you disguise yourself, you wear something that hides your real sich verkleiden appearance. etwas loswerden dispose of sth (phr v) /dspz v sm/ When you dispose of something, you throw it away. einen Beitrag leisten do your bit /du j bt/ If you do your bit, you make an effort to help. abladen dump (v) /dmp/ (Sense 1) If you dump something, you get rid of something that is no longer wanted or needed. abschieben (Sense 2) If you dump someone, you end a romantic relationship with them in an unkind way. Stromschlag electric shock (n) /lektrk k/ An electric shock is a sudden pain that you feel if your body comes into contact with electricity. eliminieren eliminate (v) /lmnet/ If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart disease. Emissionen emissions (n pl) /m()nz/ Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of greenhouse gases. abgeben emit (v) /mt/ Cars, trains and planes all emit polluting gases. begegnen encounter (v) /nkant/ Can you remember the worst waiter youve ever encountered?

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energy-saving (adj) /enisev/ energiesparend Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity. estimate (v) /estmet/ The schtzen study estimated that the average UK household throws away 18% of all food purchased. ablaufen expire (v) /kspa/ I prefer not to eat food once the best before date has expired. msten fatten up (phr v) /ft()n p/ If you fatten an animal up, you feed it so it gets fatter. Flosse fin (n) /fn/ A fin is the flat, thin part of a fish. Befund; Ergebnisse findings (n pl) /fandz/ The findings of a study are its results or the things it discovers. flirten mit flirt (with) (v) /flt w/ She was furious when her boyfriend started flirting with the waitress. Maul- und Klauenseuche foot-and-mouth (n) /ftnma/ Foot-and-mouth is a very infectious disease that affects sheep, cows and pigs. verbrauchsarm fuel-efficient (adj) /fjulf()nt/ A fuel-efficient car does not use much petrol. Fuel-intensive machines or activities use large amounts of gas, petrol etc. mit hohem Verbrauch fuel-intensive (adj) /fjulntensv/ fussy (adj) /fsi/ Friends treat me as an eccentric animal-lover with a fussy attitude to whlerisch food. genetically altered (adj) /netkli ltd/ A genetically altered animal has had substances in its body changed to genmanipuliert achieve a particular purpose. Geste gesture (n) /es/ People sometimes use hand gestures to communicate. Erwrmung der global warming (n) /glb()l wm/ Global warming is the increase in the Earths temperature. Erdatmosphre greenhouse gases (n pl) /grinhas gsz/ Car, train and plane emissions are one of the biggest causes of Treibhausgase greenhouse gases. Pfeffer mahlen grind pepper /grand pep/ When you grind pepper, you break it into smaller pieces. gefhrlich hazardous (adj) /hzds/ Hazardous substances are dangerous. in den Schlagzeilen stehen be in the headlines /bi n hedlanz/ When something is in the headlines, it is talked about a lot in newspapers or on TV. Herzkrankheit heart disease (n) /ht dziz/ If you eliminate meat from your diet, youre less likely to get heart disease. imaginr imaginary (adj) /mnri/ Something that is imaginary is made to look real although it is not. vor Ablauf der in date /n det/ Food that is in date is fresh enough to be eaten. Haltbarkeitsdatum Verbrennungsanlage incinerator (n) /nsnret/ Plastic water bottles are burned in industrial incinerators. aufdringlich intrusive (adj) (TS) /ntrusv/ Someone who is intrusive asks too many questions or becomes too involved in something.

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landfill (n) lapse (v) launch (v)

/lndfl/ A Mlldeponie landfill is a large hole in the ground where rubbish is buried. If you lapse, you stop doing something that you should do or want to do. /lps/ nachlassen /ln/ If you launch something, you officially start or introduce it. starten; einfhren; anlaufen lassen ligature (n) /lg/ A ligature is a piece of material that you tie round something. Abbindungsschnur light bulb (n) /lat blb/ Energy-saving light bulbs use less electricity. Glhbirne loosely (adv) /lusli/ If you hold something loosely, you do not hold it very tight. locker manufacturing (n) /mnjfkr/ The manufacturing of plastic bottles requires large amounts of Herstellung petroleum. maximise (v) /mksmaz/ All companies want to maximise profits. maximieren If you make mental notes about something, you try hard to remember it. make mental notes /mek ment()l nts sich etwas merken about sth (TS) bat sm/ mime (n) /mam/ A mime is a series of actions that imitate something. Pantomime mimic (v) /mmk/ People used to mimic signing a cheque when they wanted the bill in a nachmachen restaurant. minimise (v) /mnmaz/ Companies are always trying to minimise their costs. minimieren the moral high ground / mrl ha grand/ If someone takes the moral high ground, they think they are a better moralische berlegenheit person than you. unntigerweise needlessly (adv) /nidlsli/ 3.6m tonnes of food is needlessly thrown away in England and Wales each year. krankgeschrieben sein be off sick /bi f sk/ When people are off sick, they do not go to work because they are ill. berbucht overbooked (adj) /vbkt/ The restaurants overbooked and there are two waiters off sick! verkochen overcook (v) /vkk/ Its very easy to overcook rice. berfllt over-crowded (adj) /vkradd/ Keeping animals in overcrowded conditions is cruel. verbraten overdone (adj) /vdn/ If a steak is overdone, it has been cooked for too long. the overwhelming majority /i vwelm mrti/ die berwltigende Mehrheit The overwhelming majority of plastic water bottles arent recycled. Pfeffermhle pepper mill (n) /pep ml/ A pepper mill is a piece of equipment used for adding pepper to food. Geheimnummer PIN number (n) /pn nmb/ A PIN number is a personal number that you put into a cash machine when you want to get money. Es hat keinen Sinn, etwas zu Theres no point driving a fuel-efficient car if you eat meat every day Theres no point doing sth. /ez n pnt n tun du sm/ of your life. Portion portion (n) /pn/ A portion of food is enough for one person. vornehm posh (adj) /p/ Posh means expensive and fashionable.

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programme (v) /prgrm/ programmieren Wall-E is a robot who has been programmed to clean up the planet. be prone to /bi prn tu/ zu etwas neigen People who eat a lot of meat are more prone to serious illnesses. punch in (phr v) /pn n/ eintippen By stabbing the palm of your hand with your fingers, you are miming the act of punching in your PIN number. erwerben purchase (v) /ps/ Purchase is a slightly formal word meaning buy. Fertiggericht ready meal (n) /redi mil/ A ready meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can be put straight into the oven. erwidern reciprocate (v) /rsprket/ If you reciprocate someones feelings, you have the same feelings for them as they have for you. Vorschriften regulations (n pl) /regjle()nz/ Regulations are official rules. freisetzen release (v) /rlis/ Factories create toxic waste and release it into the environment. Holding your hands a small distance apart is a way of requesting the bill. bitten um request (v) /rkwest/ reveal (v) /rvil/ The study revealed that 9 billion of avoidable food waste was zum Vorschein bringen disposed of each year. rollend; drehend roll-over (adj) /rlv/ If you make a roll-over gesture with your hand, you move one hand over the other in a circular movement. drehen; rotieren lassen rotate (v) /rtet/ If you rotate something, you move it in a circle. Gewrz seasoning (n) /siz()n/ Salt and pepper are both types of seasoning. das Tageslicht erblicken see the light of day /si lat v de/ Animals who dont see the light of day live in dark conditions. verschiffen; verfrachten ship (v) /p/ If products are shipped somewhere, they travel to a place by ship. Mangel; Knappheit shortage (n) /t/ When you think of food shortages in some countries, wasting food is very shocking. meiden; scheuen shun (v) /n/ If you shun something, you avoid it. simulieren simulate (v) /smjlet/ If you simulate something, you pretend to do something. gleichzeitig simultaneously (adv) /smltenisli/ Two things that happen simultaneously happen at the same time. berspringen; auslassen skip (v) /skp/ If you skip a meal, you do not have it. schlachten slaughter (v) /slt/ Animals are slaughtered for their meat. durchnsst; durchweicht; soggy (adj) /sgi/ Something that is soggy is wet in an unpleasant way. matschig Verbreitung; Ausbreitung spread (n) /spred/ Animals are kept in conditions ideal for the spread of diseases such as bird flu. quetschen squash (v) /skw/ If you squash something, you press it hard.

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squat down (phr v) (TS) /skwt dan/ If you squat down, you bend your knees towards the ground so you sich hinhocken are balancing on your feet. squeeze (v) /skwiz/ If you squeeze two things together, you press them together hard. drcken stab (v) /stb/ Stab the palm of your hand to mimic punching in your PIN number. stechen staggering (adj) /stgr/ A staggering fact or amount is one that is very surprising. erstaunlich be starving /bi stv/ People who are starving do not have enough food to eat. verhungern stay off (phr v) /ste f/ If you stay off something, you do not consume it. nicht anrhren A stroke is a medical condition in which blood does not reach the brain. stroke (n) /strk/ Schlaganfall substitute (v) /sbsttjut/ If you substitute one thing for another, you use it instead of the other austauschen; ersetzen thing. suburban (adj) /sbbn/ A suburban restaurant is away from the centre of a town or city. vorstdtisch suffering (n) /sfr/ She became a vegetarian because she hated animal suffering. Leiden; Leid swell (v) /swel/ If one thing swells another, it makes it bigger. (an)schwellen throw away (phr v) /r we/ The British public throw away an alarming amount of food. wegwerfen tip (v) /tp/ If you tip someone, you give them a small amount of extra money. ein Trinkgeld geben tooth decay (n) /tu dke/ Tooth decay is the gradual destruction of your teeth. Zahnverfall; Karies toxic waste (n) /tksk west/ Factories produce toxic waste that harms the environment. Giftmll toxin (n) /tksn/ Toxins are poisonous substances. Giftstoff; Toxin tremble (v) /trembl/ If part of your body trembles, it shakes slightly. zittern sbs true love /smbdz tru lv/ Someones true love is the person they love the most. Herzallerliebste(-r) untouched (adj) /ntt/ 60% of all food waste is untouched. unberhrt Something that is in an upright position is in a tall and straight position. upright (adj) /prat/ aufrecht use by/best before date (n) /juz ba/best bf det/ The use-by or best before date is the date before which food should Verfallsdatum be eaten. vast (adj) /vst/ Vast means extremely large. riesengro virtually (adv) /vli/ Discarded water bottles are causing problems in virtually every country nahezu; praktisch in the world. wastefulness (n) /westf()lns/ Food wastefulness is shocking. Verschwendung wear down (phr v) /we dan/ If you wear something down, you use it so much it becomes damaged. abnutzen welfare (n) /welfe/ People who are interested in animal welfare care about animals. Wohlergehen; Frsorge wig (n) /wg/ A wig is artificial hair that you wear on your head. Percke

38

Parts of the Body


bend your elbows/legs/knees /bend j elbz/legz/ niz/ If you bend your elbows, legs or knees, you stretch them into a curved Ellbogen, Beine, Kniee position. beugen clench your fist/hands /klen j fst/hndz/ If you clench your fist or hands, you press it/them closely together. ballen hold your hand up /hld j hnd p/ If you hold your hand up, you put it in the air. die Hand hochhalten hold your head up /hld j hed p/ If you hold your head up, you look straight ahead and do not look den Kopf hochhalten down. hold your thumb up /hld j m p/ If you hold your thumb up, you put it in the air, often to show that den Daumen hochhalten you approve of something. die Zhne zusammenbeien clench your teeth /klen j ti/ If you clench your teeth, you press them together because you are angry or upset. Zeigefinger index finger /ndeks fg/ Your index finger is the finger next to your thumb. Handflche palm of your hand /pm v j hnd/ The palm of your hand is the flat part on the inside of your hand. mit dem Finger wackeln shake your finger /ek j fg/ If you shake your finger, you move it about. If you shake your fist, you move your hand, often because you are angry. mit der Faust drohen shake your fist /ek j fst/ shake your head /ek j hed/ If you shake your head, you move it from side to side, often as a way den Kopf schtteln of saying no. stick your chest out /stk j est at/ If you stick your chest out, you walk in a way that pushes it out at the die Brust vorschieben front of your body. stick your leg out /stk j leg at/ If you stick your leg out, you stretch it in front of you. das Bein vorstrecken stick your tongue out /stk j t at/ If you stick your tongue out, you push it out of your mouth, usually as die Zunge rausstrecken way of being rude to someone. den Arm/die Hand raise your arm/hand /rez jr m/hnd/ If you raise your arm or hand, you put it in the air. hochheben raise your eyebrows /rez jr abraz/ If you raise your eyebrows, you move them upwards, often to show die Augenbrauen you are surprised. hochziehen

Food
Collocations
fast food (n) organic food (n) plain food (n) rich food (n) /fst fud/ /gnk fud/ /plen fud/ /r fud/ Fast Food Bio-Nahrungsmittel gutbrgerliches Essen schweres Essen Fast food is food that is made and served very quickly. Organic food is produced without artificial chemicals. Plain food is simple and not exotic. Rich food is contains a lot of butter, cream or eggs.

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/sti fud/ Stodgy food is solid and not pleasant to eat. pampiges Essen /veterin fud/ Vegetarian food is food that does not contain meat or fish. vegetarisches Essen /gme mil/ A gourmet meal consists of food of a very high quality. Feinschmeckermahlzeit ; Gourmetessen heavy/light meal (n) /hevi/lat mil/ A heavy meal makes your stomach feel very full; a light meal does not schweres/leichtes Essen make your stomach feel full. ready-made meal (n) /redimed mil/ A ready-made meal is one that you buy that is already cooked and can Fertiggericht be put straight into the oven. ordentliche Mahlzeit square meal (n) /skwe mil/ A square meal is a large meal that satisfies you when you feel hungry. ein Essen mit drei Gngen three-course meal (n) /riks mil/ A three-course meal consists of a starter, main course and dessert. vegetarisches Gericht vegetarian meal (n) /veterin mil/ A vegetarian meal does not contain meat or fish. kalte Platte cold dish (n) /kld d/ A cold dish has been cooked but is not eaten hot. Fischgericht fish dish (n) /f d/ A fish dish consists mainly of fish. A local dish is one that is eaten a lot in the region or area where you are. Gericht aus der Gegend local dish (n) /lk()l d/ main dish (n) /men d/ A main dish is the one you eat after a starter and before a dessert. Hauptgericht regional dish (n) /ri()nl d/ A regional dish is one that is eaten a lot in a particular region. Regionalgericht serving dish (n) /sv d/ A serving dish is a large plate or dish that you serve food from. Servierteller; - schssel vegetarian dish (n) /veterin d/ A vegetarian dish does not contain meat or fish. vegetarisches Gericht dessert plate (n) /dzt plet/ A dessert plate is one that you eat a dessert on. Dessertteller dinner plate (n) /dn plet/ A dinner plate is a large plate that you eat a main course on. Tafelteller side plate (n) /sad plet/ A side plate is a small plate that you put a piece of bread on. Beilageteller bland flavour /blnd flev/ Food that has a bland flavour does not have much taste. fader Geschmack distinctive flavour /dstktv flev/ Food that has a distinctive flavour tastes unusual. aufflliger Geschmack subtle flavour /st()l flev/ Food that has a subtle flavour has a delicate, pleasant flavour. zarter, feiner Geschmack unmistakable flavour /nmstekb()l flev/ Food that has an unmistakable flavour has a flavour that is easy to unverkennbarer Geschmack recognise. la carte menu (n) / l kt menju/ An la carte menu has dishes that are priced separately. la carte Speisekarte extensive menu /kstenv menju/ An extensive menu has a large choice of dishes. umfangreiche Speisekarte set menu (n) /set menju/ A set menu offers a limited choice of dishes for a fixed price. Tageskarte stodgy food (n) vegetarian food (n) gourmet meal (n)

Idioms
the best thing since sliced bread / best sns slast bred/ So etwas hat die Welt schon lange nicht mehr gesehen. If you think that someone or something is the best thing since sliced bread, you think they are very good.

40

Linkers

a big cheese / bg iz/ A big cheese is someone who is very important. ein hohes Tier butter sb up /bt smbdi p/ If you butter someone up, you are very nice to them. jmd um den Bart gehen go as red as a beetroot /g z red z bitrut/ If you go as red as a beetroot, your face goes very red because you einen knallroten Kopf are embarrassed or ashamed. bekommen feel a real lemon /fil rl lemn/ If you feel a real lemon, you feel very stupid. sich wie ein echter Dussel vorkommen as nice as pie /z nas z pa/ If someone is as nice as pie, they are very polite or charming. superfreundlich pay peanuts /pe pints/ If you pay peanuts for something, you pay a very small amount of eine lcherlich kleine Summe money for something. zahlen pear-shaped /peept/ If something goes pear-shaped, it goes wrong. scheitern; mit etwas baden gehen a recipe for disaster / respi f dzst/ A situation that is a recipe for disaster is one in which things will go Das fhrt mit Sicherheit in very wrong. die Katastrophe take sth with a pinch of salt /tek sm w If you take something with a pinch of salt, you only believe part of etwas nicht ganz fr bare pn v slt/ what you hear. Mnze nehmen a smart cookie / smt kki/ A smart cookie is someone who is very intelligent. ein cleveres Kpfchen spill the beans /spl binz/ If you spill the beans, you tell someone something that is secret. alles ausplaudern walk on eggshells /wk n egelz/ If you feel you have to walk on eggshells, you feel you have to be very einen wahren Eiertanz careful. fhren obwohl und aber deswegen; folglich obwohl schlielich auerdem jedoch Although hes rich he seems unhappy. Being a vegetarian isnt easy and Im in danger of lapsing. Being a vegetarian isnt easy but Im glad I did it. Animals are kept in overcrowded conditions. Consequently disease spreads quickly. Even though there is enough food for everyone, people are still starving. Finally, I became a vegetarian for health reasons. If you dont eat meat youre less likely to have heart disease. Furthermore, vegetarians are less likely to develop cancer. Cars, trains and planes produce a lot of greenhouse gases. However, the meat industry is worse than all of them put together.

although /l/ and (weak) /n/ (weak) /nd/ (strong) /nd/ but /bt/ consequently /knskwntli/ even though /iv()n / finally /fan()li/ furthermore /fm/ however /haev/

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in other words /n wdz/ You use the expression in other words to introduce another way of in anderen Worten expressing something. On balance ... /n blns/ On balance, Im very happy to be a vegetarian. alles in allem or // Im a vegetarian or, as a friend put it, I no longer eat anything with a oder face or a fin. as a result /z rzlt/ folglich Conditions are overcrowded. As a result disease spreads quickly. zweitens secondly /sekn(d)li/ Secondly is a word you use to introduce the second point in a discussion or argument. daher; also so /s/ The food industry is focused on profits and so they dont care about animal welfare. zusammenfassend To sum up ... /t sm p/ To sum up, if you cant be a vegetarian, cutting down on meat and fish is a good start. Und auerdem What is more ... /wt z m/ What is more is an expression that you use to introduce another point in a discussion or argument.

Review B

(page 66)

for ages /fr ez/ If you have done something for ages, you have done it for a long time. seit Ewigkeiten disastrous (adj) /dzstrs/ Something that is disastrous has very bad results. katastrophal intrepid (adj) /ntrepd/ Someone who is intrepid is brave and not afraid to take risks. khn; unerschrocken march (v) /m/ If you march somewhere, you walk there quickly and in a determined marschieren way. purposefully (adv) /ppsf()li/ If entschlossen you do something purposefully, you do it in a determined way. scream (v) /skrim/ If schreien you scream, you suddenly shout or make a loud noise because you are frightened.

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Unit 7

(page 68)

be in agony (TS) /bi n gni/ After the first days cycling my bottom was in agony! Qualen leiden Arty people are interested in things such as painting, music and theatre. arty (adj) /ti/ Knstlerisch veranlagt attachment (n) /tmnt/ I just dont understand the British attachment to the seaside. Zuneigung beyond the reach of ... /bjnd ri v/ If someone is beyond the reach of reason, they are not sensible or jenseits von balanced. boast (v) /bst/ If a city or place boasts a well-known landmark or area, that landmark sich rhmen or area is admired by other people. bookish (adj) /bk/ Someone who is bookish enjoys studying and reading books. lesewtig be bound to do sth /bi band t du sm/ zwangslufig sein/geschehen A jokey card is bound to raise a smile. A cable car is a small vehicle that takes people up and down mountains. cable car (n) /keb()l k/ Drahtseilbahn caring (adj) /ker/ A caring person is kind and helpful towards other people. mitfhlend city dweller (n) /sti dwel/ City dwellers are people who live in cities. Stadtbewohner(-in) click (n) /klk/ The man was sleeping but the click of the camera woke him up. Knipsen compulsory (adj) (TS) /kmplsri/ If something is compulsory, the rules say you have to do it. obligatorisch crisp (adj) /krsp/ Crisp air is cool and refreshing in a pleasant way. frisch be one of the crowd /bi wn v krad/ If you dont want to be one of the crowd, you want people to realise einer unter vielen sein that you are different from or better than other people. culture vulture (n) /kl vl/ A culture vulture is a person who is interested in sightseeing and Kulturfanatiker(-in) learning about things. cycling shorts (n pl) /sakl ts/ Cycling shorts are tight shorts that go down to your knee worn for Radfahrerhose riding a bike. demanding (adj) /dmnd/ A demanding person always wants your attention. anspruchsvoll; anstrengend devilish (adj) /dev()l/ Devilish behaviour is difficult or causes problems. teuflisch disturbing (adj) /dstb/ Something that is disturbing shocks people. beunruhigend double-check (v) /dblek/ If you double-check something, you check it a second time to make noch einmal berprfen sure it is right. downright (adv) /danrat/ That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible! ausgesprochen doze (v) /dz/ If someone dozes, they sleep for a short time. vor sich hindsen emerge (v) /m/ When you emerge from a place, you finally leave it. auftauchen

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endless (adj) /endls/ exhibit (n) /gzbt/ the final straw / fan()l str/ a fleet of boats / flit v bts/ flowery (adj) /flari/ frankly (adv) /frkli/ go down (phr v) /g dan/ go out of your way /g at v j we/ go wrong /g r/ be a handful /bi hndfl/

endlos Ausstellungsstck der letzte Tropfen Flotte

blumig offen gesagt schmecken sich besonders anstrengen falsch liegen; schief gehen einen ganz schn in Trab halten fahren in Richtung head (for) (v) /hed (f)/ In summer a lot of people head for the coast. herzzerreiend heartbreaking (adj) /htbrek/ Something that is heartbreaking is extremely sad. hllisch hellish (adj) /hel/ A hellish experience is very difficult or unpleasant. humorlos humourless (adj) /hjumls/ Someone who is humourless is too serious. imagebewusst image-conscious (adj) /mkns/ An image-conscious person cares about what people think of them and their appearance. unentschlossen indecisive (adj) /ndsasv/ Someone who is indecisive cannot make decisions. unzertrennlich inseparable (adj) /nsepr()bl/ Gill and Ash spent the rest of the holiday together and became inseparable. unwiderstehlich irresistible (adj) /rzstbl/ Someone who is irresistible is very attractive. unverantwortlich irresponsible (adj) /rspnsbl/ That wasnt just foolish it was downright irresponsible! Witzbold; Spavogel joker (n) /k/ A joker is someone who enjoys jokes and having fun. lustig jokey (adj) /ki/ Something that is jokey is amusing. saftig juicy (adj) /usi/ A juicy steak is tasty and contains a lot of juice. Erbschaft legacy (n) /legsi/ A legacy is something that you leave to someone or something after you have died. langatmig long-winded (adj) /lwndd/ A long-winded description contains too much complicated language. Someone who loves the sound of their own voice, enjoys talking rather sich gerne reden hren love the sound of your /lv sand v jr own voice n vs/ than listening.
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The children have endless competitions to see who can behave in the most devilish way! I was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an exhibit! The final straw is the last of a series of events that makes someone feel very angry or upset. A fleet of boats is a group of boats owned by the same person or organization. Flowery language contains a lot of complicated words. Frankly, I have never understood the British attachment to the seaside. If a drink goes down well, you swallow it and enjoy it. Arty people go out of their way to find unusual postcards. You cant go wrong with a pint of Guinness! Children who are a handful are difficult to control.

have a nap /hv np/ Im ein Nickerchen machen tired Im going to have a nap. nibble (at) /nbl (t) / If knabbern an you nibble something, you take small bites out of it. nip (v) /np/ The zwicken dog nipped me on the hand for eating his sandwich. no-nonsense (adj) /nnnsns/ A khl und sachlich no-nonsense person does things quickly and effectively without worrying. Beobachtung observation (n) /bzven/ Observations are comments that someone makes about something. gepolstert padded (adj) (TS) /pdd/ Padded cycling shorts have thick material at the back that protects your bottom. Parkerlaubnis parking permit (n) /pk pmt/ A parking permit is a document that allows you to park in a particular place. Parkbeschrnkungen parking restrictions (n pl) /pk rstrk()nz/ Parking restrictions are official rules that say where you are allowed to park and for how long. neckisch; scherzhaft playful (adj) /plefl/ A playful gesture is friendly and funny. die Aussicht auf the prospect of / prspekt v/ The author hates the prospect of a day on the beach. ein Machtwort sprechen; put your foot down /pt j ft dan/ If you put your foot down, you refuse to do something. etwas strikt verweigern/ verbieten ein Lcheln hervorrufen raise a smile /rez smal/ A jokey card is bound to raise a smile. das Alter liegt zwischen range in age /ren n e/ My children range in age from 6 months to 5 years old. unaufhaltsam relentless (adj) /rlentls/ A relentless activity is one that never stops, especially in a way that is annoying. Vorfahrtsrecht haben have right of way /hv rat v we/ Cyclists and pedestrians have right of way over car drivers. Redensart saying (n) /se/ A saying is a well-known phrase or expression. Strandpromenade seafront (n) /sifrnt/ The seafront is the part of a town or city that looks out over the sea. gelassen serenely (adv) /srinli/ If you say something serenely, you say it quietly and calmly. Schatten shade (n) /ed/ Its too hot here. Lets find a place in the shade. scharf; spitz sharp (adj) /p/ A sharp object is pointed. aufsaugen; in sich soak up (phr v) /sk p/ If you soak up culture or a lifestyle, you enjoy learning about it. hineinsaugen besnftigend soothingly (adv) /suli/ Dont worry, my wife said soothingly. lsen sort out (phr v) /st at/ If you sort out a problem, you solve it. stechen stick (v) /stk/ The children spent the journey sticking sharp objects into each other. zusammenfassen summarise (v) /smraz/ If you summarise something, you describe it in a few words.

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surrender (v) /srend/ If someone surrenders, they agree to do something that you ask or kapitulieren; sich ergeben persuade them to do. die Lage betrachten survey the scene /sve sin/ When you survey the scene, you look at or think about a situation. geschmacklos tacky (adj) /tki/ Tacky means the same as tasteless. fahren; eine Fahrt take a drive /tek drav/ Last weekend my wife suggested that we take a drive to the sea. unternehmen take sth seriously /tek sm srisli/ Bookish people take life rather seriously. etwas ernst nehmen tasteful (adj) /tes(t)f()l/ A tasteful postcard is one that is attractive and elegant. geschmackvoll tasteless (adj) /tes(t) ls/ A tasteless postcard is cheap and not attractive. geschmacklos tearful (adj) /tf()l/ If you feel tearful, you want to cry. den Trnen nah tender (adj) /tend/ A tender steak is soft and easy to cut and eat. zart there and then (TS) /er n en/ If you do something there and then, you do it immediately. auf der Stelle thoughtful (adj) /tf()l/ A thoughtful person cares about other peoples feelings. rcksichtsvoll time-conscious (adj) /tamkns/ If you are time-conscious, you are aware that you must do things zeitbewusst quickly without taking too much time. wenig unternehmungslustig unadventurous (adj) /ndvenrs/ Someone who is unadventurous does not like doing new things. volle Aufmerksamkeit undivided attention (n) /ndvadd tenn/ Children like to have your undivided attention. fr die Jahreszeit unseasonably (adj) (TS) /nsiznbli/ If temperatures are unseasonably warm, they are warmer than usual ungewhnlich at a particular time of year. nicht bereit unwilling (adj) /nwl/ If you are unwilling to do something, you do not want to do it. die Menschen beobachten watch the world go by /w wld g ba/ If you watch the world go by, you sit and relax, for example at a caf, and watch people walk past. Aquarellfarbe water-colour (n) /wtkl/ A water-colour is a painting that has been done with paint mixed with water. gut informiert well-informed (adj) /welnfmd/ Someone who is well-informed knows a lot about things. gewunden; kurvenreich winding (adj) /wand/ Its not easy driving in the city centre because of the narrow, winding streets.

The Seaside
bucket and spade (n) /bkt n sped/ candy floss (n) /kndi fls/ Eimer und Schaufel Zuckerwatte Children enjoy playing with a bucket and spade in the sand. Candy floss is a sweet food for children that looks like cotton wool on a stick.

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hot dog (n) /ht dg/ A Hotdog hot dog is a sausage in a bread roll. inflatable dinghy (n) /nfletbl di/ An Schlauchboot inflatable dinghy is a small rubber boat that you fill with air. Li-Lo (n) /lal/ A Luftmatratze Li-Lo is a type of bed made of rubber that you use to float on water. have a paddle /hv pdl/ They durchs Wasser waten had a paddle at the edge of the water. saltwater (n) /sltwt/ Salzwasser Saltwater is the type of water that is in the sea. sand (n) /snd/ The Sand author hates getting sand in his hair and shoes. scuba equipment (n) /skub kwpmnt/ Taucherausrstung Scuba equipment is all the things that you need for diving underwater. seaside (n) /sisad/ The Meer author doesnt understand the British attachment to the seaside. sun hat (n) /sn ht/ Sonnenhut You put a sun hat on to protect your head from the sun. sunburn (n) /snbn/ Sonnenbrand Sunburn is the red, painful areas on your skin when you have been in the sun for too long. sonnenverbrannt sunburned (adj) /snbnd/ I was so sunburned a dermatologist invited me to a convention as an exhibit! Brandung surf (n) /sf/ Surf is the waves that are falling on a beach. Wasserrutsche waterslide(n) /wtslad/ A waterslide is a long thin piece of equipment that children slide down into water. windverbrannt windburned (adj) /wndbnd/ If you are windburned, your skin has been burnt by the wind.

Spoken discourse markers


Actually /kuli/ Anyway /enwe/ Basically /beskli/ Come to think of it ... km t k v t/ Do you know what I mean? /d j n wt a min/ in the end /n i end/ in fact /n fkt/ to be honest /t bi nst/ eigentlich jedenfalls im Grunde genommen Wenn ich es mir berlege Wissen Sie, was ich meine? letzten Endes eigentlich um ehrlich zu sein She doesnt seem very friendly but, actually, shes shy. It was an awful experience but, anyway, its over now. Basically, Gill had two weeks to impress Ash. Come to think of it, he does look a bit like Tom Cruise! When I saw her, I thought shes the one for me. Do you know what I mean? Everything worked out well in the end. We spent the rest of the holiday together in fact, we were inseparable. To be honest, I dont think hes very happy.

Tell verbs
advise assure convince /dvaz/ Tourists were advised not to swim in the sea because of sharks. (be)raten // My wife assured me that wed have a good time, but we didnt! versichern /knvns/ She always tries to convince me well have a good time. berzeugen

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encourage /nkr/ Were trying to encourage her to come and visit. ermuntern inform /nfm/ My daughter then informed me I was eating the sandwich the dog had informieren half-eaten! persuade /pswed/ Every year my wife manages to persuade me to drive to the seaside. berreden reassure /ri/ She always reassures me that well have a good time, but I dont! beruhigen

Say verbs
admit /dmt/ The author admits that he hates the seaside! zugeben; gestehen announce /nans/ My wife woke me up and announced that she had an idea. ankndigen claim /klem/ He claims he eats six hamburgers a day! behaupten confirm /knfm/ Could you confirm that the tickets have arrived? besttigen explain /ksplen/ Just listen, and Ill explain. erklren insist /nsst/ My wife insists on going to the seaside every year. bestehen auf mention /men()n/ My daughter casually mentioned that the dog had eaten half the erwhnen sandwich. suggest /sest/ The author hates it when his wife suggests going to the seaside! vorschlagen

Unit 8

(page 78)

adage (n) /d/ An adage is a well-known phrase about life. Sprichwort blind date (n) /bland det/ A blind date is an arrangement in which two people who have never Rendezvous mit einer/einem met before meet in order to decide whether they want to start a Unbekannten relationship. by and large /ba n l/ By and large, we all seem to be attracted to the same things. im Groen und Ganzen Be careful what you wish for. /bi kef()l wt ju w f/ Sei vorsichtig mit allen Be careful what you wish for means that you wish for may not be as good as you hoped for, and may even be harmful. Wnschen challenge a theory /ln ri/ If someone challenges a theory, they say that it is not true. eine Theorie in Frage stellen chaperone (n) /prn/ A chaperone is someone who looks after someone or makes sure they Anstandsperson behave well, especially at a social event. come to the conclusion that /km t knklun t/ Scientific evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective zum Schluss kommen, dass and quantifiable.
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composite (adj) /kmpzt/ A composite picture is made up of two or more separate parts. zusammengesetzt cultural boundary (n) /kl()rl band()ri/ Cultural boundaries are the differences that exist between different kulturelle Grenze cultures. be in daily contact with sb (TS) /bi n deli kntkt If you are in daily contact with someone, you see them every day. in tglichem Kontakt mit w smbdi/ jmd stehen be dead against sth (TS) bi ded genst sm/ If you are dead against something, you disagree with it completely. absolut gegen etwas sein dim (adj) /dm/ Reading in dim light can damage your eyes. schwach The feminine ideal of beauty is embodied in dolls like Barbie and Sindy. be embodied in /bi mbdd n/ verkrpert in evolutionary (adj) /ivlu()n()ri An evolutionary reason is one that is connected with the process of evolutionr human change and development. An excruciating experience is one that is extremely unpleasant or painful. excruciating (adj) /kskruiet qualvoll You cant get blood /j knt get bld at v Das ist verlorene Liebesmh. You cant get blood out of a stone means that it is extremely difficult out of a stone. stn/ to persuade someone to give you something or tell you something. get sb somewhere/ /get smbdi smwe/ Despite the fact Cindy had a genius IQ it never got her anywhere. jmd etwas nutzen/ not get sb anywhere nt get smbdi enwe/ jmd nichts nutzen at first glance /t fst glns/ The picture look similar at first glance, but in fact theyre different. auf den ersten Blick what all the fuss is about (TS) /wt l fs z The Secret has sold 1.5million copies. Could you tell us what all the was das ganze Getue soll bat/ fuss is about? All that glitters is not gold. /l t gltz z nt All that glitters is not gold means that what looks attractive or Es ist nicht alles Gold, was gld/ pleasant may not be so. glnzt. What goes around comes around means that if you treat people badly, What goes around, /wt gz rand Man begegnet sich immer comes around. kmz rand/ you will eventually suffer yourself. zweimal im Leben. grant your wishes (TS) /grnt j wz/ If someone grants your wishes, they give you what you ask them for. Wnsche gewhren hormone (n) /hmn/ A hormone is a substance produced by your body that makes it Hormon develop and grow. imply (v) /mpla/ The film implies that for centuries people in power have kept the law implizieren of attraction secret. the law of attraction / l v trkn/ The law of attraction is a principle that says our thoughts and das Gesetz der feelings influence events in our lives. Anziehungskraft A leopard cant / lepd knt en A leopard cant change its spots means that someone cannot really Die Katze lsst das Mausen change its spots. ts spts/ change their character. nicht. like attracts like /lak trkts lak/ Gleich und Gleich gesellt sich Like attracts like means that people are attracted to other people who are similar to themselves. gern.

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materialise (v) /mtrilaz/ Kevin has had a few serious relationships, but nothing has materialised. etwas werden negative thinking (n) /negtv k/ Negative thinking attracts bad things. eine negative Denkweise objective (adj) /bektv/ An objective conclusion is based on facts, not personal feelings. objektiv phenomenon (n) /fnmnn/ A phenomenon is an event or situation which is new or surprising. Phnomen positive thinking (n) /pztv k/ Positive thinking attracts good things. positives Denken be in power /bi n pa/ Those who are in power are the people who control things. an der Macht sein pull (v) /pl/ If you pull someone, that person is attracted to you in a sexual or anziehen romantic way. quantifiable (adj) /kwntfab()l/ Something that is quantifiable is able to be measured. quantifizierbar ramble (on) (v) /rmb()l (n) / If someone rambles on about something, they talk about it in a boring schwafeln way for too long. rank (v) /rk/ Photographs of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a einstufen number of volunteers. wissenschaftliche Beweise scientific evidence (n) /santfk evdns/ Scientific evidence has come to the conclusion that beauty is objective and quantifiable. Selbsthilfebuch; -film self-help book/film (n) /selfhelp bk/flm/ A self-help book or film helps you to solve your own problems. Sitzung session (n) /se()n/ At the end of the session the couple can swap telephone numbers if they wish. sich melden sign up for sth (phr v) /san p f sm/ Five women and five men signed up for the speed dating night. Partnersuche auf schnelle Art Speed dating is an event in which people looking for a partner spend speed dating (n) /spid det/ 5 minutes with different people to decide who they like best. If you think big, you think in a positive way that is likely to bring success. im groen Mastab denken think big (TS) /k bg/ top-ranking (adj) /tprk/ The top-ranking person or thing is the one that is most important or von hchstem Rang popular. transform (v) /trnsfm/ The film says that the law of attraction has the power to transform verwandeln our lives. vibes (n pl) (TS) /vabz/ Vibes are the general impressions you get about a person from the Wirkung way they behave. Freiwillige(-r) volunteer (n) /vlnt/ A volunteer is someone who does something without being paid.

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Appearance
appealing (adj) /pil/ An appealing face is one that you think is attractive. ansprechend arched eyebrows (n pl) /t abraz/ hochgezogene Augenbrauen Arched eyebrows have a high curve. attractiveness (n) /trktvns/ Photographs of women were ranked for their attractiveness by a Attraktivitt number of volunteers. Many women like baby-faced stars like LeonardoDiCaprio and Jude Law. baby-faced (adj) /bebi fest/ milchgesichtig be in line with /bi n lan w/ auf einer Linie mit etwas sein Her chin was moved back so it was in line with her upper lip. beauty comes from within /bjuti kmz frm wn/ Beauty comes from within means that it is someones personality Echte Schnheit kommt von that makes them attractive, not their appearance. Innen. beauty is in the eye of /bjuti z n i a v i Schn ist, was einem gefllt. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder means that people have different the beholder bhld/ opinions about what is beautiful. bone structure /bn strk/ Your bone structure is the shape of your face that is formed by the Knochenbau bones underneath. botox (n) /btks/ Botox is a substance that makes your skin look younger. Botox brunette (n) /brunet/ A brunette is a girl or woman with dark-brown hair. Brnette collagen (n) /kl()n/ Cindy had collagen put in her lips. Kollagen cosmetic surgery (n) /kzmetk sri/ Do you think having cosmetic surgery is selfish? kosmetische Chirurgie; Schnheitsoperation cute (adj) /kjut/ Someone who is cute looks young and attractive. niedlich dimples (n pl) /dmp()lz/ Dimples are small areas on your cheeks that go inwards. Grbchen exaggerated features (n pl) /gzretd fiz/ Exaggerated features are larger or more prominent than usual. auffllige Gesichtszge fat (n) /ft/ They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips. Fett feature (n) /fi/ What features do you think make a face look attractive? Gesichtszug; Merkmal full lips (n pl) /fl lps/ Full lips look large and round. volle Lippen good looks (n pl) /gd lks/ My ideal date is someone with both intelligence and good looks. gutes Aussehen high cheekbones (n pl) /ha ikbnz/ High cheekbones are usually considered attractive. hohe Wangenknochen implant (n) /mplnt/ An implant is something that is put into someones body during a Implantat medical operation. inject (v) /nekt/ They took fat from Cindys thighs and injected it into her lips. injizieren; einspritzen sbs inner beauty shines /smbdz n bjuti Not everybody has the confidence to let their inner beauty shine out. Die innere Schnheit strahlt out (TS) anz at/ nach auen. nose job (n) /nz b/ A nose job is a type of cosmetic surgery to change the shape of your Nasenoperation nose.

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nostril (n) /nstrl/ Nasenloch Your nostrils are the two holes at the end of your nose. pert (adj) /pt/ A keck pert nose is small and considered to be attractive. piercing (n) /ps/ A Piercing piercing is a hole in someones skin for jewellery to fit through. prominent cheekbones (n pl) /prmnnt ikbnz/ vorstehende Prominent cheekbones are easy to see or notice in someones face and Wangenknochen are considered attractive. Karens ideal date is someone with intelligence, good looks and sexiness. sexiness (n) /seksns/ Sexappeal size zero (n) /saz zr/ A size zero model is extremely thin. Gre Null smooth skin (n) /smu skn/ Smooth skin has no rough areas or spots. glatte Haut sparkling eyes (n pl) /spkl az/ Sparkling eyes look bright and lively. funkelnde Augen a square jaw (n) / skwe / Men with a square jaw are traditionally considered to be attractive. ein kantiges Kinn tattoo (n) /ttu/ A tattoo is a picture that is drawn on your body. Ttowierung a turned-up nose (n) / tnd p nz/ A turned-up nose curves slightly at the end. Stupsnase white teeth (n pl) /wat ti/ White teeth look bright, healthy and attractive. weie Zhne widen (v) /wad()n/ If you widen something, you make it wider. erweitern

Character
/bbli/ Sindy was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again. temperamentvoll /knven()nl/ People who are conventional are very traditional and not modern. konventionell /dpendb()l/ Someone who is dependable is honest and can be trusted. verlsslich /dzi/ Someone who is dizzy is not practical or down-to-earth. hirnlos /dantu/ Someone who is down-to-earth is not pretentious. steht mit beiden Fen auf der Erde drippy (adj) /drpi/ Someone who is drippy may be kind but is not very interesting. doof Someone who is enigmatic is interesting because they seem mysterious. enigmatic (adj) /engmtk/ enigmatisch experienced (adj) /ksprinst/ I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up. erfahren be full of yourself /bi fl v jself/ Erica seemed selfish and full of herself. nur sich selbst im Kopf haben grown-up (adj) /grnp/ I prefer the company of people who are experienced and grown-up. erwachsen indulgent (adj) (TS) /ndl()nt/ People who are indulgent do what they want without thinking of verwhnt other people. intense (adj) /ntens/ He can be very intense and a bit obsessive. ernsthaft laddish (adj) /ld/ A laddish man is young and not sophisticated. machohaft; ungehobelt bubbly (adj) conventional (adj) dependable (adj) dizzy (adj) down-to-earth (adj)

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laid-back (adj) /ledbk/ gelassen; cool She doesnt let things worry her shes very laid-back. level-headed (adj) /levlhedd/ Someone ausgeglichen who is level-headed is calm and sensible. lively (adj) /lavli/ lebhaft Sindy was bubbly and lively Id like to see her again. materialistic (adj) /mtrilstk/ Someone materialistisch who is materialistic is interested in money and possessions. mature (adj) /mtj/ reif Girls are often more sensible and mature than boys. mysterious (adj) /mstris/ A geheimnisvoll mysterious person seems interesting because they are not easy to understand. zwanghaft; wie besessen obsessive (adj) /bsesv/ Obsessive people are only interested in one person or thing. aufgeschlossen open-minded (adj) /pnmandd/ Someone who is open-minded is tolerant and willing to listen to other peoples opinions. kontaktfreudig outgoing (adj) /atg/ People who are outgoing are friendly and sociable. ichbezogen; egozentrisch self-centred (adj) /selfsentd/ Stop thinking of yourself and being so self-centred! egoistisch selfish (adj) /self/ A selfish person thinks about themselves and is not interested in other people. vernnftig sensible (adj) /sensb()l/ A sensible person doesnt do stupid or crazy things. sensibel sensitive (adj) /senstv/ A sensitive person cares about other people. geistig weggetreten spaced-out (adj) /spestat/ Someone who is spaced-out seems not very sensible and slightly crazy. distanziert stand-offish (adj) /stndf/ Claire seemed stand-offish and not interested in me. konventionell straight (adj) /stret/ Lara thought Jim was polite, but a bit too straight. tolerant tolerant (adj) /tlrnt/ My parents are rather traditional I wish theyd be more tolerant. Trustworthy is an adjective used to describe someone who you can trust. vertrauenswrdig trustworthy (adj) /trs(t)wi/ unambitious (adj) /nmbs/ Erica thought Kevin was too young and unambitious. nicht ehrgeizig unfriendly (adj) /nfrendli/ Hes not unfriendly, hes just shy. unfreundlich unpretentious (adj) /nprtens/ Someone who is unpretentious does not try to impress people with bescheiden their money or intelligence.

Body idioms
get it off my chest /get t f ma est/ If you get something off your chest, you talk about something that is etwas von der Seele reden worrying you. play it by ear /ple t ba / If you play something by ear, you see how you deal with a situation improvisieren without having a plan. be up to your eyes in work /bi p t jr az n wk/ If you are up to your eyes in work, you have a lot of work to do. in Arbeit versinken

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have your fingers in /hv j fgz n lts If you have your fingers in a lot of pies, you are involved in a lot of berall die Finger drin haben a lot of pies v paz / different things. ins Fettnpfchen treten put your foot in it /v pt j ft n t/ If you put your foot in something, you say something stupid or embarrassing. Jmd hat sich noch keine sb hasnt made up their mind /smbdi hznt med If you havent made up your mind, you havent decided about Meinung gebildet p e mand/ something yet. in diesen Breiten this neck of the woods /s nek v wdz/ This neck of the woods is an expression that means the place where you are or where you live. jemand bei dem man sich a shoulder to cry on / ld t kra n/ If you need a shoulder to cry on, you need someone to listen to your ausweinen kann problems.

Unit 9

(page 88)

liebevoll affectionate (adj) /fek()nt/ Affectionate laughter shows that you love or care about something. Gebrechen ailment (n) /elmnt/ An ailment is an illness or disability. mit etwas eine Linie bilden be aligned with sth (TS) /bi land w sm/ Something that is aligned with something else is in the correct position in relation to that thing. verfhrerisch alluring (adj) /lr/ An alluring place is attractive and interesting. angsterfllt anguished (adj) (TS) /gwt/ Someone who is anguished is extremely upset. ansprechen approach (v) /pr/ If you approach a person or organization, you make contact with them in order to discuss something. genehmigen approve (v) /pruv/ The site for the Bilbao Guggenheim was approved in a week. Geldgeber(-in) backer (n) /bk/ If you find a backer for a project, you find a person or company who will provide money for it. Hintern backside (n) (TS) /bksad/ Your backside is an informal word meaning your bottom. Bakelit bakelite (n) (TS) /beklat/ Bakelite is a type of hard plastic used in the 1940s and 1950s for making radios and telephones. unfruchtbar; karg barren (adj) (TS) /brn/ Barren land is dry and plants cannot grow there. The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was the brainchild of Thomas Krens. Geistesprodukt brainchild (n) /brenald/ a bunch of / bn v/ Frank Gehry affectionately describes the site as a dirty river and a Haufen bunch of run-down buildings.

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captivating (adj) /kptvet/ A place that is captivating is attractive and interesting. bezaubernd choir (n) /kwa/ A choir is a group of people who sing together. Chor city council (n) /sti kans()l/ Krens didnt like the original site chosen by the city council for its new Stadtrat art museum. commission (v) /km()n/ The Basque regional government commissioned the best architects to beauftragen redesign the city. component (n) /kmpnnt/ A key component of something is an important part of something. Bestandteil; Komponente conceal (v) /knsil/ The clothes Frida Kahlo wore were worn partly to conceal her physical verbergen ailments. confidentiality knfdenilti Vertraulichkeitsvereinbarung A confidentiality agreement is an official document that says that agreement (n) (TS) grimnt/ important information must be kept secret. contract polio /kntrkt pli/ an Kinderlhmung erkranken Frida contracted polio, which made her walk in a strange way. At the age of 6, she spent nine months confined to her room with polio. confined to /knfand tu/ nicht verlassen drfen craftsman (n) (TS) /krftsmn/ A craftsman is someone who makes beautiful or practical objects. Kunstwerker; Knstler devastated (adj) /devstetd/ Frida was devastated by the divorce proceedings. tief erschttert divorce proceedings (n pl) /dvs prsidz/ In April 1939 Frida and Diego began divorce proceedings. Scheidungsprozess dominate (v) /dmnet/ The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn. dominieren; beherrschen dove (n) /dv/ Her father described Diego and Fridas marriage as like an elephant Taube marrying a dove. drastically (adv) /drstkli/ Many shops have reduced the prices of goods drastically. radikal drizzling (adj) /drzl/ When it is drizzling, it is raining slightly. nieseln enchanting (adj) /nnt/ A place that is enchanting is extremely attractive and interesting. bezaubernd endure (v) /ndj/ Stonehenge has been standing for 5,000 years and still endures. weiter bestehen equinox (n) (TS) /ikwnks/ An equinox is one of the two days in the year when the day and the Tagundnachtgleiche night are the same length. eruption (n) /rp()n/ The eruption of a volcano is the period when it explodes and flames Ausbruch and rocks come out of it. establish (v) /stbl/ The museums director, Thomas Krens, wanted to establish a European grnden base for the Guggenheim. extramarital (adj) /ekstrmrt()l/ Frida and Diego both had extramarital affairs. auerehelich face (v) /fes/ Bilbao faces out onto the Bay of Biscay. liegen zu frantic (adj) /frntk/ As the hymn was about to start, Fry would have a frantic search for verzweifelt the right page.

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get off the ground (TS) /get f grand/ If something gets off the ground, it starts to develop or grow. sich realisieren glimpse (v) /glmps/ As you leave the airport, the Guggenheim Museum can be glimpsed in kurz sehen the distance. Haltegriff handrail (n) /hndrel/ A handrail is the thing you hold onto with your hand when you are travelling in a bus or tram. Hufeisen horseshoe (n) (TS) /hsu/ If something has the shape of a horseshoe, it has a curved shape that is not quite complete. Kirchenlied hymn (n) /hm/ A hymn is a religious song. Anreiz incentive (n) /nsentv/ An incentive to do something is a reason for doing it. faszinierend intriguing (adj) /ntrig/ An intriguing place is one that is attractive in a mysterious way. komischerweise ironically (adv) /arnkli/ Ironically she painted some of her most powerful works during her separation from Diego. Hebel lever (n) /liv/ The stones for Stonehenge were moved by a system of levers. bestaunen; bewundern marvel (at) (v) (TS) /mvl (t) / If you marvel at something, you admire it very much. schlendern meander (v) /mind/ If you meander somewhere, you move there slowly and in an indirect way. geschmolzen melted (adj) /meltd/ A solid substance that is melted has become like a liquid. blo; lediglich 4 Tonnen/50 a mere 4 tonnes/50 years etc / m f tnz/ffti jz/ The stones weighed a mere four tonnes each. Jahre etc. vor kurzem eingestellt newly-appointed (adj) /njuli pntd/ Someone who is newly-appointed to a job has just started it. ockerbraun ochre-brown (adj) /kbran/ Ochre-brown is a colour between brown and yellow. Weltraum outer space (n) /at spes/ Outer space is the area that contains the stars and the planets. bedeckt overcast (adj) /vkst/ When the sky is overcast it is grey and full of rain. berblicken overlook (v) /vlk/ The Jesuit University overlooks the River Nervion. Ozonzerstrung ozone destruction (n) /zn dstrk()n/ Ozone destruction is caused by chemical reactions. durchstechen pierce (v) /ps/ Frida Kahlo was injured in an accident when a handrail pierced her body. Post-it Post-it (n) /pstt/ Post-its are small pieces of coloured paper that you can stick on things. auf Radarbasis radar-based (adj) /redbest/ Dr Percy LeBaron Spencer was working on a radar-based project when he made the discovery that led to the first microwave. eine erotische Nummer a raunchy number (n) (TS) / rni nmb/ A raunchy number is a song that is sung in a sexy way. redevelopment programme (n) /ridvelpm()nt In the 1980s the Basque regional government began a redevelopment Sanierungsprogramm prgrm/ programme for Bilbao.

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remote control (n) /rmt kntrl/ A remote control is a small piece of equipment that you press to use a Fernbedienung TV, Hi-Fi etc. wie angewurzelt dastehen be/seem rooted to /bi/sim rutd t If something seems rooted to the ground, it seems to be fixed there the ground (TS) grand/ and unable to move. Predigt sermon (n) /smn/ A sermon is a religious speech made in church. auergerichtlich klren settle out of court /set()l at v kt/ If you settle an argument out of court, you solve it without asking a court to decide. Umhang; Umhngetuch shawl (n) /l/ A shawl is a large piece of material worn by a woman around her shoulders. Schiffbaugemeinschaft Bilbao is Spains fourth largest city and a former shipbuilding community. shipbuilding community (n) /pbld kmjunti/ Baustelle site (n) /sat/ Krens didnt like the site chosen by the city council for the new art museum. sogenannt he bluestones are so-called because they turn blue when they get wet. so-called (adj) (TS) /skld/ T Website fr soziales social-networking site (n) /s()l netwk sat/ Facebook is a popular social-networking site. Networking solstice (n) (TS) /slsts/ The summer solstice is the longest day of the year; the winter solstice Sonnenwende is the shortest day of the year. spekulieren speculate (v) (TS) /spekjlet/ If you speculate about something, you wonder why it has happened, or what the reason for something is. trpfeln spitting (adj) /spt/ When it is spitting, it is raining slightly. Schnabel spout (n) /spat/ A spout is the part of a tea- or coffee-pot where the tea or coffee comes out. Feder spring (n) (TS) /spr/ A spring is a long, thin piece of metal twisted into circles that is often used in machinery. klebrig sticky (adj) /stki/ The sticky object turned out to be a melted peanut bar. strmisch stormy (adj) /stmi/ A stormy relationship is one in which people argue a lot. Straenbahn streetcar (n) /stritk/ A streetcar is the American word for a tram. subtrahieren subtract (v) /sbtrkt/ When you subtract one number from another, you take it away from that number. hnseln; necken When Frida returned to school, other children teased her about her leg. tease (v) /tiz/ at every turn /t evri tn/ wo man nur hinschaut The Bilbao Guggenheim dominates the city at every turn. undergo (v) /ndg/ sich unterziehen Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.

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urban sprawl (n)

wild wuchernde Ausbreitung Urban sprawl is ugly, unplanned development in a city. des Stadtgebietes sbs mind begins to wander /smbdz mand bgnz Fry was listening to the sermon when his mind began to wander. die Gedanken fangen an zu t wnd/ schweifen water supplies (n pl) /wt splaz/ The Nazca Lines in Peru were a map of underground water supplies. Wasservorrte waterfront zone (n) /wtfrnt zn/ A waterfront zone is an area of a town or city that is near a river. Hafenviertel weapons of mass /wepnz v ms Weapons of mass destruction are very powerful that can destroy large Massenvernichtungswaffen destruction (n pl) dstrk()n/ areas and kill large numbers of people. wind (through) (v) /wand (ru)/ To get to Bilbao, you leave the airport and wind through the green sich schlngeln durch hills of Northern Spain. wine-bottling warehouse (n) /wanbtl wehas/ A wine bottling-warehouse is a large building, like a factory, where Weinabfllanlage wine is put into bottles.

/bn sprl/

Buildings and Places


19th/20th etc-century (adj) /nantin/twenti A 19th/20th etc-century building was built in the 1800s/1900s etc. aus dem 19./20. Jahrhundert senri/ contemporary (adj) /kntemp()rri/ The Bilbao Guggenheim is a contemporary art museum like no other. zeitgenssisch eccentric (adj) /ksentrk/ An eccentric building or design is one that is very unusual. exzentrisch hideous (adj) /hdis/ Hideous is a word that means very ugly. scheulich metallic (adj) /mtlk/ Something that is metallic is made of metal. metallisch post-industrial (adj) /pstndstril/ The architect, Frank Gehry, revelled in the chaos and dirt of the postpostindustriell industrial environment. post-modern (adj) /pstmd()n/ The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum. postmodern run-down (adj) /rndan/ Run-down buildings are in bad condition. heruntergekommen semi-derelict (adj) /semiderlkt/ A semi-derelict area is in bad condition and almost too bad to be halbverfallen repaired or restored. space-age (adj) /spese/ The Bilbao Guggenheim is a metallic, post-modern, space-age museum. des Raumzeitalters sprawling (adj) /sprl/ A sprawling town or city covers an area in an untidy, ugly way. wildwuchernd tough (adj) /tf/ Bilbao is a tough, sprawling former shipbuilding community. rauh urban (v) /bn/ Urban is an adjective meaning relating to towns or cities. stdtisch

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Collocations
design/develop a prototype /dzan/dvelp It took Trevor Baylis two to three months to design/develop a einen Prototyp entwerfen/ prttap/ prototype for the clockwork radio. entwickeln do/carry out experiments /du/kri at/ Scientists sometimes do/carry out experiments on animals. Experimente durchfhren kspermnts/ auf die Suche gehen do/conduct a search /du/kndkt s/ Were currently doing/conducting a search to find talented musicians in the region. ein Patent anmelden file for/apply for a patent /fal f/pla fr Once Bayliss had developed a prototype, he filed for/applied for /pet()nt/ a patent. form/set up a company /fm/set p kmp()ni/ eine Firma grnden Money was found to form/set up a company in Cape Town. have/come up with an idea /hv/km p w n adi/ eine Idee bekommen Trevor Baylis had/came up with an idea for a clockwork radio. start/begin a production /stt/bgn prdk()n/ mit der Produktion anfangen How easy was it to find a backer and start/begin production?

Time Expressions
barely /beli/ Frida died barely two weeks after taking part in a Communist kaum demonstration. vorher before /bf/ Diego Rivera was 42 and had been married twice before. whrend (der Trennung) during (her/his etc separation) /djr (h/hz/ She painted some of her most powerful works during her separation /sepre()n) / from Diego. jeden Monat/jedes Jahr/jeden Each Sunday he sang with his local church choir. each month/year etc /i mn/j/ Sonntag ein paar Tage/Monate frher He remembered that a few months previously a colleague had made a a few days/months / fju dez/mns etc previously privisli/ glue which had been discarded. der folgende Tag the following day / fl de/ Baylis had a dream and the following day started work on his concept of the clockwork radio. ab dem Zeitpunkt from then on /frm en n/ Children at school teased her about her leg and from then on she always concealed it. bei der Rckkehr On their return to Mexico, Frida and Diego started divorce proceedings. on sbs return /n smbdz rtn/ eines Sonntags/Nachmittags one Sunday/afternoon etc /wn snde/ftnun/ One Sunday he was listening to the sermon when his mind began to wander. ber die Jahre over the years /v jz/ Over the years Frida Kahlo underwent thirty-two major operations.

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When she/he etc was 6/37/70 etc while he/she etc was sitting/ watching etc

/wen i/hi wz sks/ ti sev()n/sev()nti/ /wal hi/i wz st/ w/

Als sie 6/37/70 war whrend sie sa/ zuschaute; whrend der Genesungszeit

When Frida was 6 she contracted polio. While she was convalescing she took up painting.

Review C

(page 98)

break out (phr v) /brek at/ War broke out in 1939. ausbrechen distinguished (adj) /dstwt/ She enjoyed a distinguished career and won an Oscar. verdienstvoll hangover (n) /hv/ A hangover is the feeling of being tired and ill because you have Kater drunk too much alcohol. be nominated for /bi nmnetd f/ Audrey Hepburn was nominated for and won an Oscar. nominiert werden fr oil reserves (n pl) /l rzvz/ Vast oil reserves are thought to exist under the Arctic ice cap. lreserven rate of inflation (n) /ret v nfle()n/ We expect the rate of inflation will rise sharply. Inflationsrate

Unit 10

(page 100)

be addicted to /bi dktd tu/ Do you think its healthy to be addicted to designer labels? jmd zur Sucht werden antithesis (n) /ntss/ The old man in the straw hat is the antithesis of everything the Levis genaues Gegenteil ad stands for. circulation (n) (TS) /skjle()n/ The circulation of a newspaper is how many copies it sells. Auflage clue (n) /klu/ A clue to something gives you an idea what it is really about. Anhaltspunkt; Hinweis conjure up (phr v) /kn p/ Something that conjures up an image or scene makes you think of that hervorzaubern image or scene. convention (n) /knven()n/ Rebels do not care about conventions. Konvention couldnt care less /kd()nt ke les/ If you couldnt care less about something, it doesnt concern or worry einem vllig egal sein you at all. by default /ba dflt/ If there is too much product placement, the producer is the loser and, rckwirkend; folglich by default, the brand.

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dejected (adj) /dektd/ Someone who is dejected is very disappointed and upset. niedergeschlagen Disapproval is the feeling that you do not like or approve of something. disapproval (n) /dspruv()l/ Missbilligung epitomise (v) /ptmaz/ The Levis 501s ad epitomises everything that is cool. verkrpern extract (n) /ekstrkt/ An extract from a book is a short piece of writing that is taken from it. Auszug fiercely male-dominated (adj) /fsli meldmnetd/ A business or industry that is fiercely male-dominated is controlled von der Mnnerwelt stark aggressively by men. beherrscht flattering (adj) (TS) /flt()r/ A flattering photo is one that makes you look good. schmeichelhaft gutter press (n) (TS) /gt pres/ The gutter press are newspapers that print a lot of shocking stories. Boulevardpresse haunting (adj) /hnt/ A haunting piece of music is sad in a beautiful way. schwermtig heart-throb (n) /htrb/ Nick Kamen was considered a heart-throb amongst women. Schwarm hit the screens /ht skrinz/ The ad was a massive success the minute it hit British TV screens. auf dem Bildschirm erscheinen holdall (n) /hldl/ A holdall is a large bag used for carrying sports equipment. Reisetasche inaccuracy (n) (TS) /nkjrsi/ Inaccuracies are things that are said and written that are not true or Ungenauigkeit correct. junior school (n) /uni skul/ In the UK, junior school is for children aged between 7 and 11. Grundschule lasting effect (n) /lst fekt/ If something has a lasting effect, it changes or influences things for a Dauerwirkung long time afterwards. Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past. look back (phr v) /lk bk/ zurckblicken motion sickness (n) (TS) /mn skns/ Motion sickness is an unpleasant feeling in your stomach when you Reisekrankheit are travelling. Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past. mythical (adj) /mk()l/ mystisch nostalgically (adv) nstlkli/ Every period in history likes to look back nostalgically to a mythical past. nostalgisch over-hyped (adj) (TS) /vhapt/ Something that is over-hyped is not as good as it is advertised to be. um etwas zu viel Rummel gemacht promising (adj) /prms/ Something that looks promising seems attractive or interesting. vielversprechend rebel (n) /reb()l/ A rebel is someone who opposes people in authority or traditional Rebell(-in) ways of doing things. resolve to do sth /rzlv t du sm/ After his experience in the playground, Neil resolved to be more like beschlieen, etwas zu tun the other boys. rugged (adj) /rgd/ Rugged is an adjective used to describe a man who is attractive in a markig; rau strong, athletic way.

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scandalous (adj) (TS) /sknd()ls/ The gutter press prints scandalous or embarrassing stories about skandals famous people. be scared stiff (TS) /bi sked stf/ If you are scared stiff, you are extremely frightened. frchterliche Angst haben soundtrack (n) /sandtrk/ A soundtrack is the music that accompanies a film. Filmmusik No smoke without fire. (TS) /n smk wat No smoke without fire is an expression meaning if something bad is Wo Rauch ist, da ist auch fa/ said about a person or situation, there is usually a good reason for it. Feuer. storyline (n) /strilan/ A storyline is the events in a book, film etc. Handlung strip off (phr v) /strp f/ When someone strips off, they take their clothes off. sich ausziehen trade (v) /tred/ Trading football cards is a popular activity amongst boys. tauschen

Sales and Marketing


ad (n) /d/ Ad is an informal word meaning advertisement. Anzeige; Werbespot advertising (n) /dvtaz/ Advertising is a big part of the Bond movies. Werbung; Reklame advertising partner (n) /dvtaz ptn/ The films advertising partners are the companies who finance the film Werbepartner and whose products are advertised in it. box office hit (n) /bks fs ht/ A box office hit is a film that is extremely successful. Kassenschlager brainwashed (adj) /brenwt/ Do you think children are brainwashed by advertising? einer Gehirnwsche unterzogen brand loyalty (n) /brnd llti/ Brand loyalty is the tendency of customers to buy a particular brand Markentreue rather than trying other brands. branded goods (n pl) /brndd gdz/ Branded goods are expensive goods that are made by a well-known Markenartikel company. commercial (n) /km()l/ The Levis commercial conjures up an authentic American scene. Werbespot credibility (n) (TS) /kredblti/ Children want what their friends have playground credibility is very Glaubwrdigkeit important. deal (n) /dil/ The deals between companies and the makers of the Bond movies Deal; Handel were worth millions of dollars. designer brand/label (n) /dzan brnd/ Designer brands/labels are very important to a lot of young people. Designermarke/-label leb()l/ designer shop (n) /dzan p/ I love looking at the handbags and shoes in the windows of designer Designerladen shops. empowering (adj) /mpar/ Something that is empowering makes you feel powerful or attractive. strkend; ermchtigend

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geflscht fake (adj) /fek/ I cant stand fake designer goods! Flschung fake (n) /fek/ If you show me two handbags, one a designer and one a fake, I can usually spot the fake. Duft fragrance (n) /fregrns/ Fragrance is a word used in advertising to mean perfume. Someone or something that is iconic is extremely famous and well-known. ikonisch iconic (adj) /aknk/ jingle (n) (TS) /gl/ An advertising jingle is the music and words associated with a product Jingle that is advertised. ein springender Puma a leaping puma / lip pjum/ The leaping puma is a famous designer logo it shows an animal called a puma jumping in mid-air. Logo; Emblem logo (n) /lg/ How many of the logos on the first page of Unit 10 do you recognise? herumnrgeln an nag (v) (TS) /ng/ If you nag someone, you ask them again and again for something. Peergroup peer group (n) /p grup/ Brands can help children fit in with a peer group, but they can also exclude them. belstigen pester (v) (TS) /pest/ If you pester someone, you ask them again and again for something. etwa: Belstigungsfaktor pester power (n) (TS) /pest pa/ Pester power is the marketing potential of children who ask their parents to buy them things. etwa: Spielplatzfaktor playground pound (n) (TS) /plegrand pand/ The playground pound is a key concept for advertisers. das Positionieren einer positioning of a brand /pz()n v brnd/ Positioning of a brand in the market refers to the type of people a Marke particular product is aimed at. product placement clutter /prdkt plesmnt klt/ etwa: Ein Durcheinander Product placement clutter is when there are too many branded bei den beworbenen products in a movie. Produkten werben fr promote (v) /prmt/ Twenty different companies promoted their products in the film Die Another Day. radikaler Schick radical chic (n) /rdkl ik/ Radical chic is stylishness or fashion that is new and original. The Bond franchise rakes in a huge amount of revenue from advertisers. Einnahmen; Umsatz revenue (n) /revnju/ a sense of identity (n) / sens v adentti/ ein Bewusstsein der eigenen Do you agree that brands give children a sense of identity? Identitt sex appeal (n) /seks pil/ The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal. Sexappeal strategically placed /strtikli plest/ Products that are strategically placed appear during a film in ways that an einer strategisch are designed to make people notice them. gnstigen Stelle gesetzt sein stripe (n) /strap/ A stripe is a line of colour on a plain surface. Streifen

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tick (n) /tk/ A tick is the symbol that a teacher writes against an answer to show Hkchen that it is correct. Rebellion der Jugend youthful rebellion (n) /juf()l rbeljn/ The Levis 501s advert represented youthful rebellion and sex appeal.

Spoken discourse markers


Also, um darauf zurckzukommen, was ich vorher sagte But the thing is... /bt z/ Aber die Sache ist folgende Hang on ... /h n/ Einen Augenblick mal If I could just come in here ... /f a kd st km n h/ Wenn ich da kurz unterbrechen darf If you would just let me /f ju wd st let mi Lassen Sie mich bitte zu Ende finish ... fn/ sprechen If you would let me answer /f ju wd let mi ns Lassen Sie mich bitte die the question ... kwes()n/ Frage beantworten The point Im trying to / pnt am tra t Was ich hier sagen mchte, make here is ... mek h/ ist folgendes The problem is ... / prblm z/ Das Problem ist Im sorry to interrupt /am sri tu ntrpt ju/ Darf ich Sie da kurz you but ... unterbrechen Sorry, but ... /sri bt/ Es tut mir Leid, aber What you didnt say was ... /wt ju dd()nt se wz/ Was Sie nicht gesagt haben, war Anyway, to get back to what I was saying ... /enwe t get bk t wt a wz se/ Anyway, to get back to what I was saying ... The point Im trying to make is that famous people have families with feelings. But the thing is, I rarely seem to read anything true about myself these days. Hang on, I havent finished. If I could just come in here, I think we need to address the root of the problem. If you would just let me finish of course the press have been important. If you would let me answer the question, I think we need to look at relationship between fame and the press. The point Im trying to make here is that famous people have families with feelings. The problem is, its not always clear whats true and what isnt. Well, Im sorry to interrupt you, but weve run out of time. Sorry, but I cant believe that youre actually complaining about free publicity. What you didnt say was what those inaccuracies were.

Verb phrases look at


eye up /a p/ I cant walk past a designer shop without eyeing up the handbags in anschauen; begutachten the window. gaze at /gez t/ She spends hours gazing at photos in fashion magazines. anstarren

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glance at stare at

/glns t/ /ster t/

kurz anschauen anstarren

I always glance at my reflection in shop windows. People stare at me because I look different.

Verb phrases see


catch sight of /k sat v/ make out /mek at/ notice /nts/ spot /spt/ erblicken erkennen bemerken ausmachen; erkennen When she caught sight of my designer mobile phone, I could see she was jealous. I could just make out a building in the distance. A lot of people like to be noticed. Could you spot a fake handbag from a designer one?

Unit 11

(page 110)

the accounts (n pl) /i kants/ The accounts are the record of the money a company receives and spends. Geschftsbcher amoebic dysentery (n) /mibk ds()ntri/ Amoebic dysentery is a tropical illness which makes you go to the Ambenruhr toilet very often and become weak. ant (n) /nt/ An ant is an insect that lives under the ground in large, organised Ameise groups and can bite. hauen bash (v) /b/ If you bash something, you hit it very hard. zu toben anfangen go berserk /g bzk/ If you go berserk, you start behaving in a very angry or busy way. Geburtenrate birth rate (n) /b ret/ The birth rate is the number of babies who are born in a particular year or place. in Ohnmacht fallen black out (phr v) /blk at/ If you black out, you suddenly become unconscious. Etagenbett bunk (n) /bk/ A bunk is one of two small beds that are joined together, one above the other. aufgeregtes Gemurmel buzz (n) /bz/ A buzz is a feeling of excitement among a group of people. die Firma, die die Speisen catering company (n) /ketr kmp()ni/ A catering company is one that prepares food and drinks for an event und Getrnke liefert or organization. When you come to your senses, you finally start behaving sensibly again. zur Besinnung kommen come to your senses /km t j sensz/ dent (v) /dent/ If something dents something else, it pushes the surface inwards. einbeulen; eine Delle machen

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dodge gunfire /d gnfa/ If you dodge gunfire, you run away to avoid being shot. Schssen ausweichen embellish (v) /mbel/ People love to embellish stories to make them sound more dramatic. beschnigen faint (v) /fent/ If you faint, you suddenly lose consciousness. ohnmchtig werden get sth out of your system /get sm at v j If you get something out of your system, you get rid of strong feelings sich etwas von der Seele sstm/ about someone or something. schaffen judging by / ba/ Judging by her low marks, she is bound to fail the exam. nach etwas zu urteilen latrine (n) /ltrin/ A latrine is a toilet that is outside. Latrine lower your expectations /l jr If you lower your expectations, you do not try to achieve something die Erwartungen ekspekte()nz/ because you think it will be too difficult. herabsetzen premises (n pl) /premisz/ The premises are the buildings that a business or organization uses. Gebude raging fever (n) /re fiv/ If you have a raging fever, you are very hot and have a very high hohes Fieber temperature. Schdel skull (n) /skl/ Your skull is the bones of the head. bel riechend; stinkend stinking (adj) /stk/ A stinking place or object smells extremely unpleasant. Faden; Naht stitch (n) /st/ A stitch is a short piece of thread that is used for joining your skin together when you have cut yourself badly. wimmeln von be swarming with sth /bi swm w/ The room was swarming with huge ants. /sm/ anschwellen swell up (phr v) /swell p/ One ant had bitten my thigh, which had swollen up like a balloon. Frauenrechtsbewegung womens liberation /wmnz lbren The womens liberation movement is an organisation that makes movement (n) muvmnt/ sure women have the same opportunities as men. von Schmerz geqult be wracked with pain /bi rkt w pen/ If someone is wracked with pain, their body, or part of their body, hurts a lot.

Education
A-level (n) /elev()l/ apply for a place (at) /pla fr ples/ boarding school (n) evening course (n) fail an exam Abitur A-levels are exams that students take in England and Wales before going to university. Henrys teacher told him he shouldnt apply for a place at university.

sich um einen Studienplatz bewerben /bd skul/ A boarding school is a school where the students can live. Internat /ivn kls/ Romy took an evening course in maths and accounting. Abendkurs /fel n gzm/ My parents will kill me if I fail the exam! durchfallen

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fees (n pl) /fiz/ I had to get a bank loan to pay my university fees. Gebhren GCSE (n) /isiesi/ GCSEs are exams that students take in England and Wales when they Mittlere Reife are 15 or 16. get a loan /get ln/ I need to get a loan to pay the university fees. ein Darlehen bekommen get good/low marks /get gd/l mks/ Romy wasnt very good at maths at school and always use to get low gute/schlechte Noten marks. bekommen go on to further education /g n t f Nowadays more and more people go on to further education. sich weiterbilden; weiter edjke()n/ studieren learn by heart /ln ba ht/ A lot of vocabulary has to be learnt by heart. auswendig lernen secondary school (n) /seknd()ri skul/ Secondary school is a school for students between the ages of 11 and Sekundarsstufe 16 or 18. take a course /tek ks/ She decided to take a course in maths and accounting. einen Kurs belegen

Colloquial Expressions
It took my breath away. /t tk ma bre we/ The view from the top of the mountain was spectacular it took my Es hat mir den Atem breath away. verschlagen. burst into tears /bst nt tz/ She burst into tears when she heard shed failed the exam. in Trnen ausbrechen be at deaths door /bi t des d/ I was at deaths door until I got the antibiotics. an der Schwelle des Todes stehen I was dying for a drink. /a wz da fr drk/ Wed been walking for hours and it was hot and sticky I was dying Ich war fast am Verdursten. for a drink. I was at the end of my tether. /a wz t i end v When they still hadnt come home by midnight, I was at the end Ich war am Ende. ma te/ of my tether. I was on my last legs. /a wz n ma lst legz/ Ich pfiff auf dem letzten Id been working for 12 hours and was on my last legs. Loch. I was going out of my mind. /a wz g at v Id been waiting all evening for him to call and was Ich verlor langsam den ma mand/ going out of my mind. Verstand. It was mind-blowing. /t wz mand bl/ What did you think of the concert? It was mind-blowing. Es war umwerfend. be over the moon /bi v mun/ I was over the moon when I heard Id passed the exam. berglcklich sein

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Job Interviews
concisely (adv) /knsasli/ If you speak concisely, you use enough words, but not too many, to przise explain what you mean. gewissenhaft conscientious (adj) /kniens/ Someone who is conscientious works hard. eine Karriere anfangen embark on a career /mbk n kr/ Hed like to embark on a career in the legal profession. Erfahrung sammeln gain experience /gen ksprins/ Its important to gain as much experience as you can. hoch motiviert highly motivated /hali mtvetd/ Someone who is highly motivated works hard and is determined to succeed. zwischenmenschliche interpersonal skills (n pl) /ntps()nl sklz/ Good interpersonal skills are necessary when youre working with Fhigkeiten other people. Begeisterung keenness (n) /kinns/ Keenness is a word that means the same as enthusiasm. Mangel an Erfahrung lack of experience /lk v ksprins/ Sound confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas. ordentliche Planung proper planning (n) /prp pln/ Proper planning is an expression meaning good organisation. sich selbstsicher anhren sound confident /sand knfd()nt/ Sound confident but admit your lack of experience in certain areas. bei der Sache bleiben; nicht stick to the point /stk t pnt/ Answer questions concisely and stick to the point. abschweifen Strken und Schwchen strengths and weaknesses (n pl) /stres n wiknsz/ Your strengths are the things you are good at; your weaknesses are the things you are not good at. sehr kollegiale(r) team-player (n) /timple/ A team-player is someone who is good at working with other people. Mitarbeiter(-in) Weiterbildungsmglichkeiten Training opportunities are opportunities to get new skills and learn more. training opportunities (n pl) /tren ptjuntz/ waffle (v) /wf()l/ Someone who waffles talks a lot but doesnt say anything important. schwafeln Im well-suited to this kind of work because I work well under pressure. be well-suited to sth /bi welsutd t sm/ gut geeignet fr etwas sein

Unit 12

(page 118)

aesthetics (n pl) (TS) /setks/ The word aesthetics relates to the appearance of things rather than sthetik their practical use. chunk (n) /k/ A chunk is a large piece of something. Batzen; Brocken; groes Stck draught (n) /drft/ A draught is cold air that comes into a building or room. Luftzug

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die Elemente the elements (n pl) /i elmnts/ The elements is an expression used to talk about the weather, especially the wind and rain. Flussmndung estuary (n) /estjuri/ An estuary is the part of a large river where it becomes wide and flows into the sea. fossile Brennstoffe Fossil fuels are fuels such as coal or oil; they are bad for the environment. fossil fuels (n pl) /fs()l fjulz/ beherbergen harbour (v) /hb/ If something harbours an unpleasant or harmful substance or thing, it contains it. Efeu ivy (n) /avi/ Ivy is a plant with dark green leaves that grows up walls or spreads over a large area. stockfinster pitch dark (adj) /p dk/ If a place is pitch dark, it is totally black with no light. Feuerhaken A poker is a metal stick used for moving coal or wood around on a fire. poker (n) /pk/ schnell mal nach nebenan pop next door /pp nekst d/ If you pop next door, you go to see your neighbours. laufen raker (n) /rek/ A raker is a tool used for separating pieces of burning coal on a fire. Kaminrechen reliance on sb/sth /rlans n smbdi The earth shelter demonstrates that you can have a comfortable life Abhngigkeit von / without reliance on fossil fuels. aufstehen rise (past tense rose) (v) /raz (past tense rz) / When you rise in the morning, you get out of bed. Sandbank sandbank (n) /sndbk/ A sandbank is an area of sand at the edge of a river or the sea. Gelassenheit serenity (n) /srenti/ Serenity is a feeling of calm and peace. kurzfristig at short notice /t t nts/ If you do something at short notice, you do it without having much time to prepare for it. mit Leuten gesellschaftlich socialise (v) (TS) /slaz/ When you socialise with other people, you spend time with them in a verkehren relaxed way.

Houses/Homes
apartment block (n) /ptmnt blk/ An apartment block is a tall building containing apartments on Wohnblock different levels. bernachtung mit Frhstck; bed and breakfast (n) /bed n brekfst/ A bed and breakfast is a small hotel or private house that provides a Fremdenzimmer room for the night and breakfast in the morning. Bungalow bungalow (n) /bgl/ A bungalow is a house on one level. Zentralheizung central heating (n) /sentrl hit/ Central heating is a system that heats a whole house or building. Earth is the substance in which plants grow that covers most of the land. Erde earth (n) // eco-dwelling (n) /ekdwel/ An eco-dwelling is a house that is built in a way that is not harmful to ko-Wohnung the environment.
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eco-friendly (adj) /ekfrendli/ umweltfreundlich An eco-friendly house is designed not to be harmful to the environment. mit eigenem (Bad) en suite (n) /n swit/ An en suite is a bathroom that is joined to a bedroom. nach Norden/Sden liegen face north/south etc /fes n/sa/ One side of the earth shelter faces south with a lot of glass, so we have a lot of daylight. Gasthaus guesthouse (n) /gesthas/ A guesthouse is a small hotel or private house where people pay to stay for the night. Wrmeverlust heat loss (n) /hit ls/ Heat loss is the process by which warm air leaves a house or building so that it becomes colder. Anordnung; Anlage layout (n) /leat/ The layout of a room or house is its shape and the way in which it is designed. Leuchtturm lighthouse (n) /lathas/ A lighthouse is a tall, thin building next to the sea with a light that flashes to warn ships of danger. be in the middle of nowhere /bi n mdl v nwe/ am Ende der Welt sein If you are in the middle of nowhere, you are in a lonely place that is a long way from towns and cities. Gipskarton(platten) plasterboard (n) /plstbd/ Plasterboard is plaster that is put between layers of strong paper and used for covering walls. Unterkunft shelter (n) /elt/ A shelter is a place to live. Konstruktion structure (n) /strk/ Living in a round structure, you feel protected. stickig stuffy (adj) /stfi/ A stuffy room or building does not have enough air. Terrasse terrace (n) /ters/ A terrace is a flat area outside a building where you can sit and have meals. Vinyl vinyl (n) /van()l/ Vinyl is a type of light, strong plastic, often used for kitchen floors.

Furnishings
bell (n) /bel/ A bell is a piece of equipment on a door that you ring to let someone Klingel; Glocke know you are there. blinds (n) /blandz/ Blinds are window covers that you pull down from the top to the Jalousien bottom. bolt (n) /blt/ A bolt is a metal bar that you slide across a door to lock it. Riegel candlestick (n) /knd()lstk/ A candlestick is an object for holding a candle. Kerzenhalter chrome (n) (TS) /krm/ Chrome is a hard metal substance used for covering other materials to Chrom make them shiny.

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coat hook (n) /kt hk/ A Kleiderbgel coat hook is a curved piece of metal used for hanging a coat on. Vorhnge Curtains are long pieces of material that hang down to cover a window. curtains (n pl) /ktnz/ cushion (n) /k()n/ A cushion is a small square bag used for making a seat more comfortable. Kissen doormat (n) /dmt/ A doormat is a piece of material that you clean the bottom of your Fumatte; Fuabtreter shoes on before entering a house. Doppelfenster double-glazing (n) /dblglez/ Double-glazing is windows made of two layers of glass to make a room warmer and quieter. Kehrschaufel und Besen dustpan and brush (n) /ds(t)pn n br/ A dustpan and brush is a small, flat container and brush used for brushing dirt from the floor into. Kamin fireplace (n) /faples/ A fireplace is a place in a room where the fire burns. Teppichboden fitted carpet (n) /ftd kpt/ A fitted carpet is a carpet that has been made especially to fit a particular room. Bodenbelag floor covering (n) /fl kv()r/ Floor coverings are materials that are used to cover floors that you walk on. Bgelbrett ironing board (n) /a()n bd/ An ironing board is a tall, narrow table that you use to do the ironing. Trklopfer knocker (n) /nk/ A knocker is a piece of metal on a front door that you use to let someone know you are there. Klinke latch (n) /l/ A latch is a thin, metal bar used for keeping a door shut. Briefkasten; Briefschlitz letterbox (n) /letbks/ A letterbox is a small hole in a door for pushing letters through. Lichtschalter light switch (n) /lat sw/ A light switch is a piece of plastic like a button that you use for switching a light on and off. Kaminsims mantelpiece (n) /mnt()lpis/ A mantelpiece is a shelf above a fireplace that you can put ornaments or photos on. Ziergegenstand ornament (n) /nmnt/ An ornament is a small attractive object used for decoration. Parkett parquet (n) /pke/ Parquet is a floor made of blocks of wood that form a pattern. gemusterte Tapete patterned wallpaper (n) /pt()nd wlpep/ Patterned wallpaper is paper that covers the walls of a room with a design on it. Steckdose power point (n) /pa pnt/ A power point is a place on a wall where you can connect equipment to the electricity supply. Heizkrper radiator (n) /rediet/ A radiator is a large metal object on a wall used for heating a room. Lufer; Vorleger rug (n) /rg/ A rug is a small carpet that covers part of a floor. Steckdose fr Rasierapparate shaving socket (n) /ev skt/ A shaving socket is a place on a wall in a bathroom where men can connect their shaver to the electricity supply.

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shelf (n) /elf/ A shelf is a flat piece of wood, metal, or glass used for putting things Regal such as books on. shower curtain (n) /a kt()n/ A shower curtain is a long piece of plastic that you pull across a Duschvorhang shower to prevent things getting wet. Fensterlden shutters (n pl) /tz/ Shutters are wooden covers used for covering the outside of a window at night or when it is hot. Sims sill (n) /sl/ A sill is a narrow shelf at the bottom of a window. Wasch-; Splbecken sink (n) /sk/ A sink is a large, open container for water in a bathroom or kitchen. Spltuch; Geschirrtuch tea towel (n) /ti tal/ A tea towel is a small, cotton towel used for drying dishes, knives, forks, etc in a kitchen. Fliesen tiles (n pl) /talz/ Tiles are square, flat pieces of stone or other material used for covering walls or floors. Handtuchhalter towel rail (n) /tal rel/ A towel rail is a long, thin piece of metal used for putting towels on. Wschetrockner tumble dryer (n) /tmb()l dra/ A tumble dryer is a piece of equipment used for drying clothes. Waschbecken washbasin (n) /wbes()n/ A washbasin is the container in a bathroom used for washing your face and hands in.

Review D
binoculars (n pl) grant (n) invoice (n) orphanage (n) troubled (adj)

(page 126)
/bnkjlz/ We could see the island in the distance through the binoculars. Fernglas /grnt/ Adam got a full grant to pay for his studies. Stipendium; Bafg /nvs/ Could you take these invoices to the accounts department? Rechnung /f()n/ An orphanage is a place where children without parents live. Waisenhaus /trb()ld/ Adam had a troubled childhood and was brought up in an orphanage. schwer; gestrt

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Grammar Extra
Unit 1 Verbformen. Hilfsverben
Teil 1: Verbformen
Gegenwartsformen
Das present simple wird verwendet, um ber Gewohnheiten und Routinen zu sprechen, oder um Dinge zu beschreiben, die immer wahr sind. I usually go to bed around midnight. / The sun rises in the east. Das present continuous wird verwendet, um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die gerade in diesem Moment stattfinden, oder um Situationen zu beschreiben, die sich gerade ndern. Im learning Japanese as well as English. / The Earth is getting warmer. Das present perfect wird verwendet, um ber Situationen in der Gegenwart zu sprechen, die ihren Ursprung in der Vergangenheit hatten und die immer noch andauern. Es wird auch fr gegenwrtige Situationen verwendet, die aufgrund einer Handlung zustande gekommen sind, die bereits in der Vergangenheit abgeschlossenen wurde, oder die zu einem unbestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit geschehen ist. Ive been taking English classes since last year. / Look, shes changed her hairstyle. / Weve seen Madonna in concert nine times!

In der Struktur so + auxiliary + subject hat so die gleiche Bedeutung wie also. Im American. So am I. neither oder nor werden in der gleichen Struktur mit der Bedeutung also not verwendet. I cant swim. Nor can my brother. Sowohl so als auch neither werden verwendet, um bereinstimmung zwischen Sprechern auszudrcken. Achtung: wenn es keine bereinstimmung gibt: Im Irish. Im not. (nicht Im not Irish.) / He hasnt got a car. She has. (nicht Shes.)

Frageanhngsel (Question tags)


Nach einer positiven Aussage folgt normalerweise ein negativer Frageanhngsel. Nach einer negativen Aussage folgt ein positiver Frageanhngsel. Youre Irish (+), arent you ()? / Youre not Irish (), are you (+)? Wenn somebody, anybody/everybody oder nobody im Aussagesatz steht, wird they im Frageanhngsel verwendet. Somebody must have seen her, mustnt they? Nach never, hardly, little. wird ein positiver Frageanhngsel verwendet. He never gives up, does he? Nach einem Imperativ knnen will/would oder can/cant/could verwendet werden. Get me some milk from the shops, would you? Weitere Beispiele: Lets go out for dinner, shall we? / Theres no time left, is there? / Nothing can go wrong, can it?

Vergangenheitsformen
Das past continuous wird dem past simple gegenbergestellt, um ber Handlungen zu sprechen, die gerade abliefen, als etwas anderes geschah. He was living in London when he met her. Das past perfect wird verwendet, um zeigen zu knnen, dass ein Ereignis in der Vergangenheit vor einem anderen Ereignis stattgefunden hatte. The film had started when I arrived. Sowohl would als auch used to knnen verwendet werden, um regelmige oder wiederholte Handlungen in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. When she lived with us, she used to get up at six oclock and would always have coffee for breakfast. Auch used to aber nicht would wird verwendet, um Zustnde oder Situationen in der Vergangenheit zu beschreiben. I used to have a motorbike, but I sold it.

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Unit 2 Verbstrukturen (1)


Verb + to-Infinitiv
Folgende Verben haben normalerwise kein Objekt vor dem to-Infinitiv: aim, arrange, attempt, cant afford, decide, hope, intend, manage, offer, plan, refuse, seem, tend, try. She manages to stay in shape.

Verb + Objekt + to-Infinitiv


a)Folgende Verben haben manchmal ein Objekt vor dem to-Infinitiv: expect, help, want. I wanted her to go out with me, but she said she was busy. b) Folgende Verben haben normalerweise immer ein Objekt vor dem to-Infinitiv: allow, encourage, force, remind, teach, urge, warned (not). My father taught me to swim when I was five.

Teil 2: Hilfsverben
so / neither (nor) Die Hilfsverben be, have und do werden verwendet, um verschiedene Strukturen zu bilden. Zusammen mit so und neither (nor) werden sie auch in Frageanhngseln und Kurzantworten verwendet.

Verb + Gerundium
Das Gerundium wird nach folgenden Verben verwendet:

avoid, cant stand,dont mind, enjoy, fancy, finish, keep, miss, spend/waste time. I cant stand being the centre of attention.

next week the following week. Ill see you tomorrow He said hed see me the following day.

Verb + Objekt + Gerundium


Folgende Verben haben manchmal ein Objekt vor dem Gerundium: avoid, dont mind, dread. I dreaded my parents finding out.

Teil 2: Irreale Bedingungen (Konditional 3)


Diese Stze bestehen aus einem if-Nebensatz und einem Hauptsatz. Sie beziehen sich auf unwirkliche oder irreale Situationen in der Gegenwart oder in der Vergangenheit.

Verb + Objekt + Infinitiv ohne to


Make und let haben ein Objekt vor dem Infinitiv ohne to. They let me have my own beliefs.

if-clause
Der if-Nebensatz drckt die Bedingung aus. Um zeigen zu knnen, dass die Situation imaginr ist, wird die Zeitform zurckgestuft : (present past; past past perfect).

Unit 3 Indirekte Rede. Irreale Bedingungsstze (Konditional 3)


Teil 1: Indirekte Rede
Indirekte Rede wird verwendet, um zu berichten, was jemand gesagt hat. Sie wird normalerweise mit folgenden Verben eingeleitet: say (that) oder tell (someone that) und ask (someone if / whether) bei Fragen.

Reale Situation
Im not rich. I spent too much money.

Imaginre Situation
If I was/were rich, If I hadnt spent so much money,

Hauptsatz
Im Hauptsatz steht das Ergebnis der Bedingung. Es kann sich entweder auf die Gegenwart oder die Vergangenheit beziehen: (1) Gegenwart: would/nt + Infinitiv ohne to, (2) Vergangenheit: would/nt + have + past participle.

Zeitformen
In der indirekten Rede wird normalerweise die Zeitform der direkten Rede zurckgestuft (back shift). Present simple, continuous und perfect change werden zu past simple, continuous und past perfect. Past simple und past continuous werden zu past perfect simple und past perfect continuous. Modalverben can und will werden zu could und would. Einige Formen ndern sich nicht: past perfect bleiben unverndert; ebenso Modalverben could, might und would.

74 if-Nebensatz
If I hadnt wasted all my money,

Hauptsatz
I wouldnt be poor now. (1) I wouldnt have lost my house. (2)

Satzbau bei indirekten Fragen


Die Reihenfolge ist die gleiche wie in Aussagestzen (subject + verb). Do/does/did. werden nicht verwendet. Bei yes/no Fragen werden if oder whether eingesetzt. Do you have enough money? She asked me if / whether I had enough money.

Unit 4 Narrative Zeitformen. Verlaufsform der Zukunft (future continuous) und vollendete Zukunft (future perfect)
Teil 1: Narrative Zeitformen
Past simple und continuous
Das past simple wird normalerweise verwendet, um Ereignisse in der Vergangenheit festzuhalten, z.B. um die Hauptereignisse in einer Geschichte oder Erzhlung zu beschreiben. Die meisten Verben sind regelmig und enden mit -d/-ed/-ied, obwohl die am hufigsten verwendeten Verben oft unregelmig sind. Das past continuous wird oft in Verbindung mit dem past simple als Gegensatz verwendet, um eine Handlung zu beschreiben, die gerade ablief, als die Hauptereignisse der Geschichte stattfanden. When they looked back, the polar bear was running after them.

Pronomina/Frwrter
Pronomina und Possessivformen knnen sich ndern. Direkte Rede: I like your ideas. Bericht 1: My boss told me that she liked my ideas. Bericht 2: His boss told him that she liked his ideas.

Zeitangaben
Einige hufig vorkommende Ausdrcke, die sich ndern, sind: a few weeks ago a few weeks previously; now then; today that day; tomorrow the following day; this week that week;

Past perfect simple und continuous


Das past perfect kann verwendet werden, um ein einmaliges Ereignis (simple) oder eine lnger andauernde Handlung (continuous) zu beschreiben, das oder die offensichtlich bereits vor den Hauptereignissen der Geschichte stattgefunden hatte. When they made their first stop, they had been travelling for 12 hours. / He was just twentythree and had never been on a polar expedition.

Part 2: Verlaufsform der Zukunft und vollendete Zukunft


Das future continuous wird verwendet, um eine Handlung zu beschreiben, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft geschehen und lnger andauern wird. Dont phone at 8.00 well be having dinner. Das future perfect wird verwendet, um eine Handlung zu beschreiben, die vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft vollendet sein wird. Ill have finished work by 5.30.

Das Gerundium dagegen zeigt an, dass die Handlung zwar mit Erfolg beendet wurde, aber ohne die gewnschte Wirkung. I tried leaving her messages, but she never replied. 2 stop Das to-Infinitiv nach stop gibt den Grund oder den Zweck an. She stopped to tell me about her boyfriend when I saw her in town. Das Gerundium dagegen, zeigt an, das seine Handlung unterbrochen wurde. She stopped talking to him after they split up. 3 remember, (never/not) forget Das to-Infinitiv deutet auf Handlungen, die jemand ausfhren soll oder htte ausfhren sollen. I remembered to buy her a birthday card. But I forgot to post it. Das Gerundium dagegen bezieht sich auf tatschliche Ereignisse Dinge, die Leute tatschlich getan haben. I remember meeting her in a bar. (= Ich lernte sie kennen und jetzt erinnere ich mich daran) / Ill never forget kissing her for the first time. Achtung: Die Verwendung von forget + Gerundium (He forgot meeting Bob.) als positive Aussage ist ungewhnlich. Dont remember ist blicher (He didnt remember meeting Bob.).

Unit 5 Gewohnheiten in der Gegenwart und in der Vergangenheit. Verbstrukturen (2)


Teil 1: Gewohnheiten in der Gegenwart und in der Vergangenheit
will / would Gewohnheiten, die typisch und leicht vorhersehbar sind, knnen mit will fr die Gegenwart und would fr die Vergangenheit beschrieben werden Hell get up at seven oclock and he wont talk to anyone until hes finished his breakfast. / Id walk home every day unless it was raining. Will und would werden fast immer abgekrzt (ll, d). Wird die volle Form verwendet, kann es oft rgerlich klingen. She will insist on opening all the windows. used to used to kann verwendet werden, um Gewohnheiten, Zustnde oder Situationen, die in der Vergangenheit zurckliegen, zu beschreiben. I used to have a pet rabbit called Dingbat. / I used to come home from school every day at five oclock. I didnt use to enjoy sports lessons.

Unit 6 Das Perfekt: einfache Form und Verlaufsform (Present perfect simple and continuous). Das Passiv: Zusammenfassung
Teil 1: Einfache Form und Verlaufsform des Perfekt
Das present perfect zeigt immer eine Verbindung zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart an. Es beschreibt Handlungen oder Prozesse, die stattgefunden haben und abgeschlossen sind, oder auch stattgefunden haben und bis zum jetzigen Augenblick immer noch andauern. Die einfache Form (present perfect simple) beschreibt normalerweise abgeschlossene Handlungen. Wann sie stattgefunden haben, wird dabei nicht erwhnt. Ive been to Rome. Die Verlaufsform (present perfect continuous) dagegen beschreibt noch nicht abgeschlossene Handlungen oder Prozesse. Normalerweise wird auch die Zeitdauer dabei erwhnt ( how long for). Ive been going to Rome since I was a child. Die Verlaufsform kann auch eine Handlung in der Vergangenheit beschreiben, die gerade abgeschlossen wurde und zu einem jetzt vorliegenden Ergebnis gefhrt hat. My hairs wet because Ive been swimming. ! Verben, die nur eine Einzelaktion beschreiben, haben normalerweise keine Verlaufsform. Shes lost her keys.

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Teil 2: Verbstrukturen (2)


Eine kleine Gruppe von Verben kann sowohl mit to-Infinitiv als auch mit Gerundium verwendet werden. Die Bedeutung ist aber eine andere. 1 try Die Verwendung des to-Infinitiv deutet darauf hin, dass die Handlung nicht erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden konnte. I tried to make her understand my feelings, but she wouldnt listen.

(NICHT Shes been losing her keys). ! Verben, die Zustnde beschreiben, haben normalerweise auch keine Verlaufsform. Ive known her for years. (NICHT Ive been knowing her for years).

Teil 2: Artikel
Kein Artikel
Bei Eigennamen (Orte, Personen und Firmen) werden keine Artikel verwendet. Ian Smith is from Leeds. He works at IBM. Ausnahmen: wenn der Artikel einen Teil des Eigennamens darstellt. (The USA, The BBC, The Beatles). Da der unbestimmte Artikel lediglich eins bedeutet, wird er bei Pluralformen oder unzhlbaren Substantiven nicht verwendet. He had lots of ideas, but not much money.

Teil 2: Das Passiv: Zusammenfassung


In passive Stzen wird das Objekt des aktiven Verbs zum Subjekt des passiven Verbs. Subjekt Somebody Subjekt My sandwich Subjekt The police Subjekt Two men aktives Verb s eaten passives Verb has been eaten! aktives Verb are holding passives Verb are being held Objekt two men. by + agent by the police Objekt my sandwich!

Unbestimmter Artikel a/an: erste Erwhnung


a/an wird verwendet, wenn neue Personen, Orte oder Objekte zum ersten Mal erwhnt werden. There was a tourist from the USA.

Bestimmter Artikel the: Verweis oder Bestimmung


The wird bei Personen oder Gegenstnden verwendet, wenn sie bereits vorher erwhnt worden sind. The tourist took a photo of a fisherman. (Wir kennen ihn schon.) The wird auch dann verwendet, wenn die Person oder der Gegenstand zum Allgemeinwissen gehren. The sun shone brightly as he looked out at the ocean. (Es ist offenkundig, um welche Sonne und um welchen Ozean es sich handelt.) Rckverweis und Allgemeinwissen knnen manchmal kombiniert werden. He took a photograph. The click of the camera woke the man up. (Wir wissen, dass, um ein Foto zu schieen, eine Kamera bentigt wird, und dass die meisten Kameras einen Klick machen.) Achtung: Bei Pluralformen oder unzhlbaren Substantiven wird normalerweise kein bestimmter Artikel verwendet. Tigers are endangered. / Time is money.

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In passive Stzen wird der Tter oder Agens genannt entweder gar nicht erwhnt, oder erst am Ende des Satzes nach dem Wort by.

Unit 7 Vergangenheitsformen der Modalverben. Artikel


Teil 1: Vergangenheitsformen der Modalverben
ber die klassischen Modalverben (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must) hinaus, gibt es einige Wendungen, die hnliche Funktion haben. Diese werden semi-modale Verben genannt: be allowed to, have to, need to and ought to. Funktion Erlaubnis ausdrckeno Notwendigkeit ausdrcken Korrekte Handlungsweise ausdrcken Positiv was/were allowed to could had to needed to should have ought to have Negativ wasnt/werent allowed to couldnt didnt have to didnt need to shouldnt have ought not to have Struktur + Infinitiv (ohne to) (go / do etc.)

Unit 8 have / get something done. Irreale Bedingungsstze


Teil 1: have / get something done
have something done wird verwendet, wenn ein Auftrag fr jemanden ausgefhrt wird. Vergleichen Sie diese beiden Stze: Mandy cut her hair last week. (= Sie hat es selbst gemacht.) Mandy had her hair cut last week. (= Sie lie es von jemand anderem machen.) Achtung: get something done ist der etwas informellere Ausdruck.

+ past participle (gone / done etc.)

Teil 2: Irreale Bedingungsstze


Wenn Fragen gestellt werden sollen, fngt man normalerweise mit einem irrealen Bedingungssatz mit if an. Hier sind einige Beispiele.

look like + Substantiv Dieser Ausdruck bedeutet hneln oder aussehen wie. Danach folgt normalerweise ein Substantiv. He looks like Brad Pitt. (= Er sieht aus wie Brad Pitt.) look / seem as if / though + Verbalphrase Dieser Ausdruck beschreibt, wie etwas zu sein scheint. Alle Zeitformen sind mglich. It looks as if its fallen over. / She always seems as though shes going to cry. seem / appear + to be Diese Verben knnen eingesetzt werden, wenn man jemandem helfen mchte, eine bestimmte Situation zu verstehen. Danach folgt ein Adjektiv oder eine Nominalphrase. She seems sad. / He appears to be in trouble.

Bedingungssatz
If Imagine (that) Supposing (that) subject Suppose (that) Assuming (that) past simple past continuous were to + inf. might past perfect

Hauptsatz
what where how etc. would could might Subjekt Infinitiv? be + present participle? have + past participle?

Imagine you were meeting someone for the first time, how would you introduce yourself? Assuming that you were to go on another date, where might you be planning to meet?

Unit 9 Modalverben, die eine Schlussfolgerung ausdrcken: Vergangenheitsformen. look, seem, appear
Part 1: Modalverben, die eine Schlussfolgerung ausdrcken: Vergangenheitsformen
Es gibt viele Mglichkeiten, das Ma der Sicherheit oder den Grad der berzeugung ber Dinge auszudrcken, die in der Vergangenheit passiert sind. Grad der Sicherheit 99% certain it WAS. Vergangenheitsform des Modalverbs must may (It) could + have + participle might 99% certain it WASNT. cant Andere Wendungen Im almost certain it was Im uncertain Im sure it wasnt

Unit 10 Relativstze. Betonung (cleft sentences)


Teil 1: Relativstze
Nicht-einschrnkende Relativstze Nicht-einschrnkende Relativstze werden hauptschlich aus folgenden zwei Grnden verwendet. Entweder mchte man einen Kommentar zum ganzen Hauptsatz hinzufgen, oder ber die Person oder den Gegenstand im Hauptsatz zustzliche, aber unwesentliche Informationen anbieten. Zum Beispiel: Hes going out with Julie, which I cant stand. (= Kommentar zum ganzen Hauptsatz) Hes going out with Julie, who I cant stand. (= Bemerkung oder zustzliche Information ber Julie) Ein nicht-einschrnkender Relativsatz wird immer mit einem Relativpronomen eingeleitet und vom Hauptsatz durch Kommata getrennt. Das Relativpronomen that wird in nicht-einschrnkenden Relativstzen nicht verwendet. Um einen Kommentar zum ganzen Hauptsatz einzuleiten, wird immer das Relativpronomen which verwendet. Einschrnkende Relativstze Einschrnkende Relativstze werden verwendet, um die Person oder den Gegenstand im Hauptsatz genau zu bestimmen oder kennzeichnen. Wenn das Relativpronomen (who, that oder which) das Subjekt des Relativsatzes darstellt, darf es nicht weggelassen werden. I like friends who never let me down. Wenn jedoch das Relativpronomen das Objekt des Relativstzes darstellt, kann es weggelassen werden. Hes got a job that hes really interested in. oder Hes got a job hes really interested in. NB Man braucht kein weiteres Pronomen hinzuzufgen. hes really interested in. (NOT hes really interested in it.)

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Stonehenge might have been a kind of temple. It must have taken a long time to move the huge stones. Achtung: das Gegenteil von must have been ist cant have been: It cant have been easy trying to move stones without wheels. They must have been really heavy.

Teil 2: look, seem, appear


look / seem + Adjektiv Das Verb look bezieht sich auf das Aussehen. Danach steht ein Adjektiv. He looks great for his age. Verben, die die anderen Sinne ausdrcken, folgen dem gleichen Muster. (She sounds nice. It tastes great. It feels cold. That smells good.)

! whose darf man niemals weglassen. Thats the man whose dog bit my son.

This time next week Ill be trekking in Nepal. Das future perfect Diese Form wird verwendet, um ber ein Ereignis zu sprechen, das bis zu einem gewissen Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft abgeschlossen sein wird. The builder will have finished the kitchen walls by the end of the week. Temporalstze mit Zukunftsformen (if, when, as soon as ) Wenn es aus dem Hauptsatz klar wird, dass es um eine Zukunftshandlung geht, wird im Nebensatz keine Zukunftsform verwendet. When I leave school, Im going to concentrate on my music career. (nicht When I will leave school, ) / Itll be a miracle if shes passed the exam. (nicht if she will have passed the exam.) Andere Konkunktionen, die Nebenstze einleiten: after, as soon as, before, once, the moment, the minute, unless, until.

Teil 2: Emphasis: gespaltene Stze (cleft sentences)


Structuren mit What (= The thing(s) that) What is/was kann verwendet werden, um entweder das Subjekt oder das Objekt eines Satzes besonders zu betonen. I dont understand why its so cold. What I dont understand is why its so cold. What kann durch All ersetzt werden, wenn man The only thing that ... betonen mchte. I only want to play tennis. All I really want to do is play tennis. It is / was + Relativsatz Mit dieser Struktur kann fast jeder Satzteil betont werden. Carla Bruni married Nicolas Sarkozy in Paris in 2008. It was Carla Bruni who married / It was Paris where Carla Bruni married / It was in 2008 that Carla Bruni married Diese Struktur wird oft verwendet, wenn man jemanden korrigieren mchte. It wasnt Juliette Binoche who married Nicolas Sarkozy, it was Carla Bruni.

Unit 12 Partizipialstze. Substantive und Mengenbezeichnungen


Teil1: Partizipialstze
Wenn ein present oder past participle Teil eines Relativsatzes bildet, kann das Relativpronomen weggelassen werde. (who, which, etc.) und Hilfsverb be. We live in a hous located in the centre of town. (= We live in a house which is located in the centre of town.) Diese werden Partizipialstze oder reduzierte Relativstze genannt. Wie bei anderen Relativstzen gibt es sowohl bestimmende als auch nichtbestimmende Partizipialstze: The man walking down the street is my neighbour. (= The man who is walking down the street is my neighbour.) Nichtbestimmende Partizipialstze enthalten zustzliche, nicht wesentliche Information, die vom Hauptsatz durch Kommas getrennt wird. His house, built in the 1930s, needs redecorating. (= His house, which was built in the 1930s, needs redecorating.)

Unit 11 Die Zukunft: Formen und Temporalstze


Will (ll), (be) going to, and the present continuous Diese drei Formen der Zukunft werden am hufigsten verwendet. 1 Will (ll) wird fr Vorhersagen verwendet, oder fr spontane Entscheidungen, die aufgrund von Umstnden wie z:B. Angeboten, Versprechungen und Bitten getroffen werden. Itll be worth a fortune in a few years time. / Ill give you my photograph now. 2 (be) going to wird fr feste Absichten verwendet, oder fr Vorhersagen, die auf vorliegenden Beweismitteln basieren. Im going to concentrate on my musical career. / Look at those clouds. Its going to pour down in a minute. 3 Das present continuous wird fr Vereinbarungen verwendet. Im moving to London next month. Das present simple Diese Zeitform wird verwendet, um ber feststehende Ereignisse in der Zukunft zu sprechen: Zeitplne, Routinen, Fahrplne. My exams start next week. might und may might oder may knnen verwendet werden, wenn man ber knftige Mglichkeiten spekulieren mchte. He might have to get a part-time job. Die Verlaufsform der Zukunft (future continuous) Diese Zeitform wird verwendet, um ber ein Ereignis zu sprechen, das ber einen gewissen Zeitraum in der Zukunft geschehen wird.

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Teil 2: Substantive und Mengenbezeichnungen


Bestimmungswrter (every, most, no) und Bezeichnungen wie all of, most of, none of werden verwendet, um Mengen zu beschreiben. 1 Mengenbezeichnungen, die sowohl mit mit zhlbaren als auch mit unzhlbaren Substantiven verwendet werden knnen: none, not any, hardly any, some, a lot, loads, plenty. 2 Mengenbezeichnungen, die nur mit zhlbaren Substantiven verwendet werden knnen: (very) few, a few, several, (too/not) many. 3 Mengenbezeichnungen, die nur mit unzhlbaren Substantiven verwendet werden knnen: (very) little, a little, a bit, (too/not) much.

4 Wenn der bestimmte Artikel (the), ein Possessivpronomen (my, your, etc.) oder ein Demonstrativpronomen (that, these, etc.) vor dem Substantiv steht, wird eine Mengenbezeichnung mit dem Wort of verwendet: Several of my friends live in small villages. (nicht Several my friends ) 5 Wenn ber kleinere Zahlen oder Mengen gesprochen wird, knnen a few / a little verwendet werden, um das Positive zu betonen (some), oder few / little, um das Negative hervorzuheben (not many/much): We did it because we wanted to have a little fun. Please hurry up! Theres very little time.

Verbformen
Das Verb steht in der Singularform, wenn das Substantiv nach of unzhlbar (U) oder singular ist. Eine Pluralform wird verwendet, wenn das Substantiv zhlbar (C)ist. Theres lots of traffic (U) in the centre; There are lots of tourists (C) in summer.

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