React To Contact-Maintain Movement: Convoy Survivability

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY
REACT TO CONTACTMAINTAIN MOVEMENT
On appearance of the enemy during the march, the commander closes up the wagons and continues his march in order
Revised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1861, Article XXXVI, Paragraph 768
64
GENERAL DEFENSE ACTIONS

Increase speed Do not stop unless a vehicle is disabled If one vehicle is disabled, the entire convoy stops Aggressively return fire Gun trucks engage the enemy from stand-off positions Drivers to the rear of the kill zone transit the kill zone unless forced to stop Do not block the road Entire convoy proceeds to the next rally point
65
ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER

Receive spot report of attack and warn convoy elements Direct use of pyrotechnics and other signal devices as required Direct gun trucks to return fire and suppress enemy fire until threat neutralized or contact broken Direct convoy personnel to place heavy volume of fire on the enemy Determine map location of ambush Call in artillery, CAS, or maneuver support
66
ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER (CONTINUED)

Provide SITREP and instructions to follow-on elements Transmit SALUTE and SITREP to higher headquarters Proceed to the rally point
67
REACT TO CONTACTMAINTAIN MOVEMENT

Intent is to maintain movement and speed in order to reduce exposure and deny the threat the ability to effectively engage the convoy.
Indirect fire/ CAS Enemy Position
Task Vehicle
Control Vehicle
Gun Truck
68

CONSOLIDATE AND REORGANIZE
Establish security Receive ACE reports from subordinate element leaders Redistribute ammunition as required Coordinate load transfer, repairs, mortuary affairs, and MEDEVAC operations Request emergency destruction authorization Forward SITREP to higher headquarters Leave no soldier behind
69
ACE REPORT FORMAT

1. AMMUNITION 2. CASUALTIES 3. EQUIPMENT
Make your report short, and include only relevant Information.
70
REACT TO CONTACTFORCED TO STOP
but if the enemy seizes a position that commands his road, [the commander] attacks vigorously with the mass of his force, but is not to continue the pursuit far from the convoy.
Revised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 1861, Article XXXVI, Paragraph 768
71
GENERAL DEFENSE ACTIONS

If one vehicle is disabled, the entire convoy must stop If in the kill zone: Dismount by exiting vehicle on the non-contact side Take cover Return maximum volume of fire All drivers stop, dismount, take cover, and lay suppressive fire Vehicles short of kill zone do not enter it Gun trucks engage enemy from stand-off positions Conduct hasty recovery and CASEVAC to rally point
72
ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER

Receive spot report of attack and warn convoy elements Direct use of pyrotechnics and other signal devices as required Direct gun trucks to return fire and suppress enemy fire until threat neutralized or contact broken Direct convoy personnel to place heavy volume of fire on the enemy Determine map location of ambush Call in artillery, CAS, or maneuver support
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Order hasty recovery of disabled vehicles and CASEVAC to the rally point Provide SITREP and instructions to follow-on elements Transmit SALUTE and SITREP to higher headquarters Proceed to the rally point
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Intent is to quickly gain fire superiority, conduct CASEVAC and hasty recovery operations, and exit the contact zone.
Enemy Position
All vehicles stop Begin immediate suppression from contact side Gun trucks reposition if necessary within standoff distance Non-contact side dismounts first followed by contact side
75

(CONTINUED)
Enemy Position
Gain fire superiority or kill threat Begin CASEVAC/recovery operations Remount vehicles Proceed to the rally point
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CASEVAC/RECOVERY
Intent is to perform buddy aid and hasty recovery, then move out of the contact zone.
Enemy Position
A&L
Recovery Team
Aid and Litter vehicle moves on non-contact side to point of injury Loads casualties and links with convoy Recovery vehicle moves on non-contact side to disabled vehicle Conducts hasty recovery and links with convoy
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Consolidate and reorganize Establish security
Receive ACE reports from subordinate element leaders Redistribute ammunition as required Coordinate load transfer, repairs, mortuary affairs, and MEDEVAC operations Request emergency destruction authorization Forward SITREP to higher headquarters Leave no soldier behind
78
DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK
79
DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK

Ensure all personnel wear helmets and body armor Receive sniper warning Use pre-designated signal to warn convoy elements Direct march elements to increase speed and maintain interval Use smoke to obscure the target Do not stop Determine approximate location of sniper on map
80
DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK (Continued)

Determine whether area is free fire or restricted fire zone Deploy gun trucks to lay down suppressive fire if necessary Call in artillery or CAS if possible Stop the convoy if a vehicle is disabled Proceed to the rally point
81
DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK (Continued)

Consolidate and reorganize Establish security
Receive ACE reports from subordinate convoy elements Redistribute ammunition Coordinate load transfer, repairs, mortuary affairs, and MEDEVAC operations Request emergency destruction authorization Forward incident report to higher headquarters Provide SITREP and instructions to follow-on elements
82
DEFEND AGAINST NBC ATTACK
83
DEFEND AGAINST NBC ATTACK

Be aware of commonly used chemical agents and effects Be alert to chemical agents already present If attacked, take defensive actions as in any other combat situation On consolidation and reorganization, perform hasty decontamination and evacuate casualties Carry out minimal decontamination of equipment necessary to continue the mission Report status to higher headquarters
84
DEFEND AGAINST AIR ATTACK
85
ACTIVE DEFENSE
Shoot any attacking aircraft or UAV Fire at the nose of an approaching aircraft Fire at the fuselage of a hovering helicopter Fire slightly above the nose of a moving helicopter Fire in volume Lead aircraft crossing your position by 100 yards Take cover if time allows
86
ACTIVE DEFENSE
(Continued)
Support your weapon if possible Lie on your back to return fire if caught in the open Aim mounted machine guns slightly above the nose of head-on targets Control small arms fire so that attacking aircraft fly through it Watch for repeated attacks by one or more additional aircraft
87
PASSIVE DEFENSE
Dispersion Open Column
Maintain 80 to 100 meters between vehicles Results in less damage from air attack More difficult to control Cannot concentrate small arms fire
88
PASSIVE DEFENSE
Dispersion Close Column
Maintain interval of less than 80 meters
Best executed during night operations if there is a threat of air attack
89
PASSIVE DEFENSE
Camouflage
Cover smooth surfaces and shiny objects If vehicles are not painted to match surroundings, use mud or dust to mask stand-out effect Use tarps and bows to cover cargo When under air attack, take shelter under anything that may obscure the vehicles outline
90
PASSIVE DEFENSE
Air Guard
Assign observation responsibility of 9-3 oclock or 3-9 oclock If the convoy lasts over an hour, place air guards on shifts to avoid dulling the senses
Communications Security
Transmissions subject to monitoring and jamming Use brief and infrequent transmissions Destroy COMSEC if overrun
91
PASSIVE REACTIONS
Halt the Convoy
Harder to see Easy to continue march after attack Volume of weapons fire more dense
BUT
Enemy has greater chance of doing damage
92
HERRINGBONE FORMATION
Vehicles off the road at 45 degree angles (50 to 100m interval) Staggered formation (like chicken tracks) Gun trucks act as roving or stationary defense Road is kept clear Best defense against air attack/indirect fire Direction Difficult to concentrate fire if attacked of Traffic
Task Vehicle
Control Vehicle
Gun Truck 93
PASSIVE REACTIONS
Disperse Vehicles
Staggers vehicles so that there is not a straight line
BUT
Easier for the enemy to spot the convoy as it disperses
94

React To Contact-Maintain Movement: Convoy Survivability

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React To Contact-Maintain Movement: Convoy Survivability

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CONVOY SURVIVABILITY

REACT TO CONTACTMAINTAIN MOVEMENT

GENERAL DEFENSE ACTIONS

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER (CONTINUED)

REACT TO CONTACTMAINTAIN MOVEMENT

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER (CONTINUED)

ACE REPORT FORMAT

Make your report short, and include only relevant Information.

REACT TO CONTACTFORCED TO STOP

GENERAL DEFENSE ACTIONS

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER (CONTINUED)

REACT TO CONTACTFORCED TO STOP

REACT TO CONTACTFORCED TO STOP

ACTIONS OF THE CONVOY COMMANDER (CONTINUED)

DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK

DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK

DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK (Continued)

DEFEND AGAINST SNIPER ATTACK (Continued)

DEFEND AGAINST NBC ATTACK

DEFEND AGAINST NBC ATTACK

DEFEND AGAINST AIR ATTACK

Best executed during night operations if there is a threat of air attack

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