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TROUBLESHOOT
THE 6V53/6V53T
DETROIT DIESEL
ENGINE

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INTRODUCTION

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The 6V53T engine provides power for a

variety of military equipment to include:
cargo, personnel, recovery vehicles, selfpropelled mortars, flame throwers,
missile carriers, and light armored
vehicles. Specifically, the 6V53T engine
powers the M113 family of vehicles
(FOV).

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M113A3 FOV

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M113A3

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EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

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6- CYLINDER , FUEL INJECTED

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V- TYPE, LIQUID COOLED

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53- cu. in per cylinder (Total displacement

318.)

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T-Turbocharged
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EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION
(CONT.)
Numbering of the cylinders is one, two,
and three from the front (accessory end)
of the engine, on both banks. When
determining position of a component on
the engine (left or right), view the engine
from the rear or flywheel. The firing
order of this engine is: 1L, 3R, 3L, 2R,
2L, and 1R. As viewed from the front of
the engine, this engine rotates clockwise.

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Right Front View

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Left Rear View

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COMPONENT
LOCATIONS

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A. Water Pump

B. Valve Rocker
Covers
C. Engine Oil Cooler

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D. Exhaust Manifolds
E. Liquid Level Gage
Rod

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F. Thermostat &
Housing Assembly

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COMPONENT LOCATIONS CONT.

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G.

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G. Transmission Oil Cooler

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COMPONENT
LOCATIONS
CONT.

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H. Oil Filter

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L. Flywheel

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K

M. Fuel Strainer
L

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O. Turbocharger

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J. Oil Pan

N. Fuel Filter

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I. Governor

K. Starter

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COMPONENT
LOCATIONS
CONT.

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P. Fuel Pump

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Q. Blower

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R. Cylinder
Heads

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ENGINE SYSTEMS

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The diesel engine is an internal

combustion power unit where the heat
energy of fuel is converted into working
energy inside the cylinder. In a diesel
engine, air alone is compressed in the
cylinder. After compression, a charge of
fuel is sprayed into the cylinder where
ignition is accomplished by the heat of
compression.

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FUEL SYSTEM

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The fuel pump draws fuel from the vehicle

tank through the strainer and forces it
through the filter. From the filter, fuel goes
through the fuel inlet passage in the cylinder
head and fuel tubes into the injectors. The
fuel passes through a filter element within the
injector to a chamber where it is metered,
displaced, and atomized through the injector
tip into the combustion chamber and excess
fuel not injected cools the injector and returns
to the tank.
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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

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The gear type oil pump is bolted to the back

of the lower front cover and is driven directly
by the crankshaft. Lubricating oil is picked
up from the oil pan by the pump. From the
pump, it passes from the lower front cover
through short gallery passages in the cylinder
block to the oil filter adapter plate. From the
adapter plate, oil flows through the oil filter,
through the oil cooler, back through the lower
front cover, and into the cylinder block oil
galleries for distribution to the various engine
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bearing.

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COOLING SYSTEM

The water pump takes coolant from the radiator and

circulates it through the oil cooler, cylinder block,
and cylinder heads to the thermostat housing. During
the warm-up period, the thermostat blocks the flow
of coolant to the radiator(below 160 degree
Fahrenheit). With the thermostat closed, the pump
circulates the coolant through the bypass system to
the cylinder block and cylinder head. As coolant
reaches approximately 160 degrees Fahrenheit, the
thermostat opens and the coolant then passes through
the radiator for cooling.
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AIR INDUCTION

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The blower forces air into the cylinder(called

scavenging) and sweeps out the burned gases
through the exhaust valve ports. This air also
cools the internal engine parts, particularly
the exhaust valves. The turbocharger forces
additional pressurized air into the cylinders
(called supercharging) to allow burning of
more fuel for additional power.
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AIR INDUCTION

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COMBUSTION CYLINDER

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

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The electrical system consists of:

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A. THE STARTER
B. THE AIR BOX HEATER
C. ALL RELATED WIRING

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GEAR TRAIN

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The gear train consists of a crankshaft

gear, idler gear, fuel pump drive gear,
and two camshaft gears. Model 50635393 also has a hydraulic pump drive
gear. The camshaft gears mesh with
each other and run at the same speed as
the crankshaft gear. The stamped timing
marks on the face of the gears show
proper timing.
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GOVERNOR

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The limiting-speed, mechanical governor

is mounted between the blower and
flywheel housing. The governor holds
the injector racks in the advanced fuel
position for starting when the speed
control lever is in the idle position.
Immediately after starting, the governor
moves the injector racks to control idle
and maximum engine speed during
operation.
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Throttle Lever _____________________________________

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Engine Stop

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Buffer screw

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TWO STROKE(CYCLE)
ENGINE

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A two stroke engine completes one cycle

(intake, compression, power, and
exhaust) every time the piston goes up
and down. Up being one stroke and
down being the return stroke. The air
intake and exhaust functions are
accomplished during the compression
and power strokes.
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SCAVENGING

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The blower forces air into the cylinders and

sweeps out the exhaust gases to supply the
cylinder with fresh air for combustion. When
the top of the piston moves down and
uncovers the ports, air in the air box is forced
through the ports. The air then flows towards
the exhaust valves and produces a scavenging
effect, leaving the cylinder full of fresh air
when the piston returns and covers the ports.
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COMPRESSION

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As the piston continues its upward

stroke, it compresses the charge of fresh
air. Just before the piston reaches its
highest point, top dead center, the fuel
injectors injects the required amount of
fuel into the cylinder. The heat created
during compression of the air ignites the
fine spray immediately, and combustion
continues until the fuel air mixture
burns completely.
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POWER

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The resulting pressure forces the piston

downward on its power stroke. The
exhaust valves open approximately halfway down allowing the burned gasses to
escape into the exhaust manifold. Shortly
thereafter, the downward moving piston
uncovers the inlet ports sweeping the
cylinder with fresh scavenging air. This
entire cycle takes one revolution of the
crankshaft or two strokes.
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EXHAUST

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When the piston is halfway down, the

exhaust valve open and most of the high
pressure exhaust gases escape. Shortly
thereafter, the piston drop below the inlet
ports in the cylinder wall. Pressurized air
is then forced through the cylinder.
During this process, the remaining
exhaust gases are removed (or scavenged)
from the cylinder.

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INTAKE AIR

COMPRESSION

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EXHAUST

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POWER
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ENGINE ADJUSTMENT

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The Intervals and Adjustment Sequence:

a. Intervals following any engine repair, perform
adjustments specified in Par 4-3.b.
b. Adjustment sequence when performing
adjustments on an engine in service, check various
settings for possible changes from previous
adjustments. However, if the cylinder head,
governor, or fuel injectors have been removed or
replaced, also check specific preliminary
adjustments before starting engine.
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ADJUSTMENT
SEQUENCE

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The preliminary adjustments consist of the

first four steps in the following sequence. The

remaining items complete the list of engine
adjustments to be performed.
1. Exhaust valve clearance
2. Fuel injector timing adjustment
3. Governor gap adjustment
4. Fuel injector control tube adjustment
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ADJUSTMENT
SEQUENCE CONT.

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5. Throttle delay adjustment

6. Starting aid screw adjustment
7. Maximum no-load speed adjustment
8. Idle speed adjustment
9. Buffer screw adjustment

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EXHAUST VALVE
CLEARANCE ADJUSTMENT

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A. rotate crankshaft
until injector
follower is fully
depressed on
cylinder to be
adjusted.

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B. .025-.027 cold &

.023-.025 hot engine

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FUEL INJECTOR TIMING

ADJUSTMENT
The fuel injector enables starting
directly on diesel fuel and permits the
use of a simple, open combustion
chamber. High pressure fuel lines, airfuel mixing, or vaporizing devices are
required.

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FUEL INJECTOR TIMING

ADJUSTMENT CONT.
The fuel injector:
1. Creates the high fuel pressure
required for efficient injection.
2. Meters and injects fuel in the exact
amount required to handle the load on
the engine.
3. Atomizes the fuel for mixing with the
air in the cylinder.
4. Permits continuous fuel flow.
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FUEL INJECTOR TIMING

ADJUSTMENT

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A. Rotate crankshaft until exhaust valve stem

are fully depressed on cylinder to be timed.
B. 1.496 inch timing gage for model 5063-5392
& 5393.
C. 1.460 inch timing gage for models 50635299, 5063-5395, 5063-5398, and 5063539F.
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GOVERNOR GAP
ADJUSTMENT

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A. Extend buffer screw 5/8, start engine

and adjust idle to 500-600 RPM.
B. Start and run engine 1100-1300 with
differential lever and check gap between
low-speed and high-speed plunger with
a thickness gage .002-.004 inch.
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GOVERNOR GAP
ADJUSTMENT

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INJECTOR CONTROL TUBE

ADJUSTMENT

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Purpose: It controls the amount of fuel

injected into the cylinder.
A. Adjust No. 3L or 3R injector control lever
first to establish a guide for adjusting
remaining injector control lever.
B. Loosen and back out six adjusting screw.
Remove opposite control lever clevis and
cotter pin. Turn screw until slight movement
is felt on speed control lever or roll up on
injector control tube.
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INJECTOR CONTROL TUBE

ADJUSTMENT CONT.
ATTENTION:Once 3L and 3R injector
control levers are adjusted, do not alter their
settings. Make further adjustments only on
remaining injector control rack levers.

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CONTROL TUBE
ADJUSTMENT

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CONTROL TUBE
ADJUSTMENT

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THROTTLE DELAY
ADJUSTMENT

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Purpose: It retards full fuel injection

when the engine accelerates, reducing
exhaust smoke and improving fuel
economy.
A. Fill delay with clean engine oil. Insert
delay timing gage on 2R injector.
B. Align delay piston flush with throttle
delay cylinder.
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THROTTLE DELAY VALVE

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STARTING AID SCREW

ADJUSTMENT

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A. Hold starting aid screw and loosen

locknut. Insert starting aid gage on 3R
injector rack. Prevent gap adjusting screw
from turning and adjust starting aid screw
with a 0.345 inch gage.

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MAXIMUM NO-LOAD
SPEED ADJUSTMENT

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A. to adjust engine start with five

0.010 inch shims and 0.078 inch
shims in governor spring pack.
B. Back out buffer 5/8 inch and place
control lever in FULL FUEL
position. Maximum speed should be
2965 RPM.
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MAXIMUM NO-LOAD SPED

ADJUSTMENT CONT.

NOTE:Removing shims will decrease engine

speed and adding shims will increase engine
speed. Each 0.010 inch shim will change
engine speed approximately 10 RPM.

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IDLE SPEED
ADJUSTMENT

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A. Place speed control lever in idle

position of 600-650 RPM.
B. Adjust idle screw to obtain 15
RPM below recommended idle
speed and stop engine.

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IDLE SPEED ADJUSTMENT

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BUFFER SCREW
ADJUSTMENT

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A. Start engine and place speed control lever in

FULL FUEL and record maximum no-load
speed.
B. Do not increase engine idle speed more than
15 RPM with buffer screw.
C. Place speed control lever in idle position
and turn buffer screw until it contact
differential lever as lightly as possible and
eliminates engine roll.
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BUFFER SCREW
ADJUSTMENT

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SUMMARY

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In this lesson you were

introduced to the
6V53/6V53T engine, its
characteristics, component
locations and tune-up
procedures.

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CHECK ON LEARNING

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Q. What is the purpose of the fuel

injector ?

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A. It meters, displaces and atomizes

the fuel for the cylinders.

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CHECK ON LEARNING
CONT.
Q. What purpose does the turbocharger
serve?

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A. Provide pressurized air for

combustion.

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CHECK ON LEARNING
CONT.

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Q. The electrical system consists of what

components?

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A. The starter, air box heater, and

assorted wiring.

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