INTRODUCTION Telecommunications is a general term for a vast array of technologies that send information over distances.

Mobile phones, landlines, satellite phones and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) are all telephony technologies which is just one field of telecommunications. Radio, television and networks are a few more examples of telecommunication.

While

most

people

associate

telecommunications

with

modern

technologies, the strict definition of the term encompasses primitive and even ancient forms of telecommunication. Among these is the use of smoke signals as a kind of visual telegraph. Puffs of smoke were time-released by smothering a fire with a blanket, then quickly removing and replacing the blanket. Widely used by the American Indians, smoke signals could communicate short messages over long distances, assuming a clear line of sight.

Other forms of early telecommunications include relay fires or beacons. Used frequently in warfare, relay fires required a handful of men posted along a range of hilltops, with the last man closest to the area where troop movement was expected. When armies were spotted in the distance, he would light a bonfire. The fire could be seen from a good distance away by the next man in the relay, who would in turn light his own bonfire, and so the fires were lit in

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succession along the range, creating an effective telecommunications signal that traveled back over several miles in a relatively short period of time. Finally, the last man in the relay would light a beacon to signal his army below that the opponent was en-route.

The arrangement of a ship's flags and semaphores were other forms of telecommunications. A semaphore was a mechanical device atop a tower with paddle-like blades or flags. The device would be set in a specific position to communicate information.

Throughout the 19th century, telecommunications devices became more sophisticated with the advent of electricity, leading to the telegraph, Morse code, and signal lamps. A signal lamp, the optical version of the telegraph, is a powerful lamp with shutters that block the light in long or short durations to translate to the dots and dashes of Morse code. A heliograph is another optical telegraph. A telegraph is a mirror used to reflect light to mimic a signal lamp.

In the 20th century, telecommunications reached beyond our planet. In June 1969, the world watched and listened as astronauts walked on the moon. Twenty years later, in August 1989, we would see pictures of Neptune arrive

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back from the Voyager 2 spacecraft, riding radio waves that traveled over roughly three billion miles (4.8 billion km) to reach us in a matter of a few hours.

Our group will design a microwave system for telecommunication. The project will focus on using the concept of microwave telecommunication.

Microwave telecommunication is a form of telecommunication that is defined by its medium, that is, the transmission of signals via radio using a series of microwave towers. Microwave telecommunication is known as a form of "line of sight" communication, because there must be nothing obstructing the transmission of data between these towers for signals to be properly sent and received.

Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna. This allows nearby microwave equipment to use the same frequencies without interfering with each other, as lower frequency radio waves do. Another advantage is that the high frequency of microwaves gives the microwave band a very large information-carrying capacity; the microwave band has a bandwidth 30 times that of all the rest of the radio spectrum below it. A disadvantage is that

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microwaves are limited to line of sight propagation; they cannot pass around hills or mountains as lower frequency radio waves can.

The technology used for microwave communication was developed in the early 1940's by Western Union. The first microwave message was sent in 1945 from towers located in New York and Philadelphia. Following this successful attempt, microwave communication became the most commonly used data transmission method for telecommunications service providers.

Microwave radio transmission is commonly used in point-to-point communication systems on the surface of the Earth, in satellite communications, and in deep space radio communications. Other parts of the microwave radio band are used for radars, radio navigation systems, sensor systems, and radio astronomy.

The typical microwave system includes radios located high on top of microwave towers, which are used for the transmission of microwave communications using line of sight microwave radio technology.

A microwave system is composed of at least two hops. In these hops are microwave antennas. These antennas are what allow the transmitter hardware of

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the microwave system to transmit data from site to site. The area between the microwave system components must be clear of any major structures, such as tall buildings, mountains, or other objects that could potentially obstruct microwave transmission. Only when this has been achieved can data travel through the microwave system.

Strides in telecommunications have changed the world immeasurably. While pockets of humankind were once isolated from each other, people now have multiple ways to see and hear what is occurring on the other side of the world in real time. Satellite technology, television, the Internet and telephony keep the globe connected in a humming buzz of interactive voices and pictures. In short, telecommunications has come a long way from smoke signals.

The microwave telecommunication system design by the group in this study is intended to be implemented on a furniture business firm with a network of branches within the province of Laguna.

OBJECTIVE OF THE DESIGN General Objective The following is the general obejctive of the study:

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The general objective of the study is to design a microwave system that can be used as a transmission medium for telephone calls, internet and other data for business transactions in a furnitures business firm.

Specific Objectives The following list will be the specific objectives of the study: To design an efficient microwave system for a furniture business firm To provide connections using point to point link-up between the sites To design the system with 99.9999% reliability

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The design will provide benefit to the government, the community, the students, and the proponents. The significance of this research has been identified and can be categorized into the following groups: To Government

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This study will aid the government in implementing new regulations in microwave telecommunications implementation in the area. To Community Through this study, the community involved will be able to have a promising telecommunication system design. This will soon enable them to experience a new business firm of transactions with 99.9999% reliability. To Students The significance of this study is mainly focused in the design of a microwave telecommunication system for a furinture business firm. This would broaden and improve the quality of learning in the field of telecommunications. To Proponents Through this design, proponents will be able to further their knowledge regarding this new study.

SCOPE AND DELIMINATION The scope of the study covers the following:

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the design of the microwave telecommunications system for a furniture business firm.

The sites where the design is intended to be implemented

The study is delimited with the following: The microwave system can only send and receive data with the other microwave system of its line of sight. It is only limited to the microwave telecommunication system of the furniture business firm network. It does not cover the network topologies within the business establishment such as servers, hubs, etc.

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