Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Multiplexing
By:
y Gurudatha Pai K
gurudatha@gmail.com
Introduction
Optical Networking
An Analogy
a ogy of
o Multiplexing
utpe g
WDM
2
Introduction
3
Popular Multiplexing Techniques - TDM
Signal A Signal A
A 100-Gbps channel probably will be a combination of many
M D
l
lower-speed
U d signals,
i l E
L M
These lower-speed
TI channels are multiplexed UL together in time to
P TI
form a higher-speed
L channel. This is time-division
PL multiplexing
Signal B E E Signal B
(TDM). X X
E E
R
This can be accomplished in the electrical R
or optical domain, with
each
h lower-speed
l d channel
h l transmitting
t itti a bit/packet
bit/ k t only
l in
i a
Digital Baseband for
given time slot. Transmission
Signal C Signal C
Generally, Digital or PAM signals are Multiplexed in Time.
4
Popular Multiplexing Techniques - FDM
Analog signals,
g
Results in higher BW
5
Optical Networking - An Analogy of
Multiplexing
Packet containing
stuff
Payload Overheads
6
Optical Networking – Synchronous
Transmission SONET - SDH
7
Advantages / Applications of SDH
8
SONET Frame
9 STM-1 frame
STM-1 Frame o
v
155 Mbps e
r
( Synchronous Transport Module-1) 9 h Payload
e
a
125 µsec frame d
payload.
9
An animation of WDM
Optical Coupler
λ1 λ1
λ2 λ2
λ3 λ3
λ4 λ4
12
DWDM – Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexin
g
13
Thank You