Sunteți pe pagina 1din 3

Forms of government - discussion

A form of government represents the way a state’s government is organized, the system of
official bodies, as well as its structure and collaboration with economic units and citizens.

Within different periods of the history, types of government had different conceptions. When
the feudalism began to be ruined step by step and people gradually passed to the industrial
age, forms of government began to consolidate and advance. People started to pay more
attention not to the way the state head is chosen, but, to the relations which are set between
the state leader and parliament, government – in one word, to the separation of powers.

Thereby, a form of government shows:

- how authorized bodies are established in a state;


- their structure;
- the principles that background the cooperation between authorized bodies;
- the interrelations between the state leader and common citizens;
- to what extent the authorized bodies are organized in the matter of ensuring the
society’s rights and freedom.

There are the following government forms:

1. Democracy
2. Dictatorship
3. Monarchy
4. Republic
5. Tyranny
6. Theocracy
7. Oligarchy

Democracy:

A form of government or a political system, in which the state is ruled directly by people or
through the representatives who are chosen by them. Democracy’s main duty is to ensure
equal reflection of all the people’s interest within the power execution.

Modern conceptions on democracy includes the following:

1. freedom of expression (word)


2. freedom to religion, religious cults and ceremonies
3. freedom to choose the language you speak
4. mass-media independence
5. freedom for meetings, demonstrations etc.
6. freedom for political parties
7. citizens’ right to create organizations, structures, groups, unions and political
parties;
8. civil society development
9. right on private property
10. separation of the legal, executive and judicial authorities

1
11. authorities’ responsibility towards citizens

A form of government in which the supreme power is carried out by the official bodies which
are elected by the population (and not only) for a certain period of time. At present, more than
140 from 190 world countries are republics.

A republic has the following specific features:

- existence of only one or a collegiate body state leader - president and parliament. Parliament
has the legislative power. The president's duty is to manage the executive power, although this
is not common for all republics;
- The mentioned state leaders must be elected for a specified period of time (usually 4-5
years);
- State leader's legal liability;
- President has the right to speak on behalf of the state.

Oligarchy is a form of government where the power is concentrated in a narrow circle of


persons (oligarchs) and correspond to their own interests and not to the whole society's
welfare.

The term of oligarchy began to be used in the Ancient Greece by the philosophers Plato and
Aristotle; firstly it was used to mean "the power of the rich". Aristotle considered there are
three ideal forms of government: monarchy, aristocracy and politeia and considered oligarchy
to be a deviation from aristocracy.

Aristotle considered any oligarchy to be imperfect. Thus, describing the government structure
of Sparta and its ephor oligarchy, which had been limiting the kings' power, he wrote:

The matter of ephory is not so good. This power leads the main sectors of the state. But, it is
filled by all the civil society, that's why many poor people enter the government, in turn they
can easily be bribed.

Plutocracy is a special form of oligarchy.

In 1911 Robert Michels the "Iron law of oligarchy", according to which, a big community
can't develop democracy (modern democracies should be considered as elected oligarchies)
and any regime converts to olygarchy.

At present, the term of oligarchy is mostly used in Russia, after the break-up of the USSR,
since it's considered that many businessmen in the beginning of the '90 tried to reach the
power.

Monarchy is a form of government which supposes that there is only one ruling person of the
government which, also is the only one authorized to take decisions regarding the ruling of a
certain country. It is quite hard to come up with a definition for monarchy as it has a long
history of evolution, and there have been many types and variations of it throughout times.
But the most important examples of a monarchy are:

2
-When the head of the state is one single person (the monarch), which concentrates all of the
power (legal, executive, judiciary) in his hands (autocracy). Usually this model of a monarchy
is a hereditary type.
-the second case would be when the monarch obeys to the constitution (constitutional
monarchy), and the sovereignty is guaranteed by The Crown.
There are also examples in history when countries had been ruled by two monarchs at a time.

Plese feel free to discuss these concepts by joining my group listed on Scribed.

Mircea Halaciuga, Esq.


http://arbitraj.webs.com/
0040.724581078

S-ar putea să vă placă și