LECTURE 1: TRANSLATION DEFINITIONS What is translation?

By Bell: is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed is one language (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies. Is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. Interpretation: - Consecutive Translation - Simultaneous Translation Translation: - Intralingual T - Interlingual T - Interserniotiz T

By Bui Tien Dao: is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the author intended the text. - Different in structures (s khc bit trong cu trc khi dch). - Different in cultures (s khc bit trong vn ha).

By dictinary Merriam Webster 1974 definition: translation is basically a change of form (change from one state or form to another, to turn into ones own or another language). Chuyn t 1 trng thi hnh thc ny sang 1 trng thi hnh thc ngn ng khc. By Edmond Cary: is a process which attempts to establish equivalents between two texts expressed in two different language.(chuyn tng ng gia 2 vn bn). these equivalents are, by definition, always dependent on the nature of

the two texts, on their objectives, on the relationship between the two cultures involved and their moral, intellectual and emotional conditions. Translation is rendering a written text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. It concered What is interpreting? Interpreting is a process of conversational exchange between two primary speaker and through a person called interpreter who has knowledge and understanding of the entire communicative situation (ngi chuyn v ni 2 ngn ng gl ngi phin dch). Including fluency in the languages, competence in appropriate usage within each language, and in managing the cross cultural flow of talk (To lung chy ngn ng lin tc, phi tri chy v hiu r 2 ngn ng khi dch mi l ngi phin dch. C ngi dch thut tt nhng cha chc phin dch c). - Phin dch ph thuc vo vn ha ng x, vn ha dn tc

LECTURE 2: TRANSLATION TYPES - Oral and Written Translation (t ni dch sang vn bn vit) - Mixed Translation (dch tng hp) +dch hc thut +dch t do - Computer base/ machine Translation (google ) According to the unit of translation, According to the aim of translation, it can be: it can be: - Sound T - Literal T - Word T - Summative T - Word combination, idioms or phraseological units T - Sentence T - Paragraph T - Text T - Intertextual T

According to the levels of analysis and synthesis According to task ang objectives of According to number of translator, translation, it can be: translation can be: - Literary T - Individual T - Informative T - Committee T - Semantic T 1. Back Translations:dich nguoc tro lai A back translation helps a tranlation consultant determine if the original meaning has been preserved in the target language. Eg. - BT of the Cheyenne proverb would be: Dont race in craziness, try to stop your mounts, try to come in last in terms of craziness (dung chay dua 1 cach dien cuong, thu dung nhung muc dich, thu dung su dien ro do lai) Slow down. Dont rushed a life.

2. Closest natural equivalent: dich gan nghia tu nhien nhat 3. Committee translation: check va can bang phan dich 4. Common language translation: ngon ngu trung tinh,dich binh thuong 5. Dynamic translation: dich tu nhien, dich thanh ngu 6. Essentially literal translation: dich bam sat nghia word for word 7. Formal equivalence translation: dich ma giu lai cang nhieu nghia goc cang tot, giu lai net dac trung van hoa 8. Form equivalent translation: dich theo cau truc,giu dung ngu phap 9. Free translation 10.Front translation: khi dich co 1 chuyen gia ban dia ngoi canh de giam sat