INTRODUCTION TO MOBILE GENERATIONS

Prepared by: Obada Al Hishan BSS Engineer at Orange Jordan

Obada.Hishan@gmail.com

TELECOM BAISICs:

Addressing Methodologies:

Addressing Methodologies:
1- Unicast addressing:
Uses one-to-one association between Source and destination
Tx

3 2 4

2- Multicast addressing:
Uses one-to-many association Between Source and group of destination
Tx

1 3

2
4

3- Broadcast addressing:
Uses one-to-many association Between Source and all other destinations
1 3
Tx

2 4

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

1 Shared Channel 2 3 Multiplexer Demultiplexer 2 3 1

Sources

Destinations

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

FDMA Large room divided up into small rooms. Each pair of people takes turns speaking.

TDMA Large room divided up into small rooms. Three pairs of people per room, however, each pair gets 20 seconds to speak.
CDMA No small rooms. Everyone is speaking in different languages. If voice volume is minimized, the number of people is maximized

CELLULAR SYSTEMS:
Cell :
is the geographical area covered by a Radio waves from a cellular telephone transmitter.

HAND OVER:

HAND OVER:
Is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another.

PS AND CS SWITCHING
Circuit Switching: Is used to establish a dedicated Channel (Circuit) through the network between two End points.
Packet Switching: Is a digital networking method that groups all transmitted data regardless of content, type, or structure into suitably sized blocks that goes through different paths.

 1G (1980)

2G (1990)
3G (2000) 4G (2010)

1ST GENERATION (1G)

1G was the first generation of mobile networks (1980s).
Radio signals that carries the voice itself were transmitted in Analog form. Digital signaling was used to connect the radio towers (which listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system The user was not able to do much other than sending text messaging and making calls. The biggest disadvantage was: The limited network availability, as in the network was available only within the country.

1ST GENERATION (1G) ARCHITECTURE

BTS : Base Transceiver System MTSO : Mobile Telephone Switching Office PSTN : Public Switching Telephone Network CSDN : Circuit Switched Data Network

2ND GENERATION (GSM)

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks It was the first digital wireless network standard. Standards play a major role in telecommunications by: - Allowing products from diverse suppliers to be interconnected. - Facilitating innovation by creating large markets for common products.

the specifications for the GSM services in phase 1: Voice telephony International roaming Basic fax/data services (up to 9.6 kbits/s) Call forwarding Call barring Short Message Service (SMS)

2ND GENERATION (GSM) ARCHITECTURE

2ND GENERATION (GSM)

GSM use two multiple access methods: 1- TDMA 2- FDMA

2ND GENERATION (GSM)

The RF carrier in GSM that have a bandwidth of 200KHz can support up to eight Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) timeslots. That is, in theory, each RF carrier is capable of supporting up to eight simultaneous telephone calls. A single Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) or RF carrier is actually a pair of frequencies, one used in each direction (transmit and receive).

2.5G/2.75G (GPRS/EDGE)
The (General Packet Radio Service) GPRS system provides a basic solution for Internet Protocol (IP) communication between Mobile Stations (MSs) and Internet Service Hosts (IHs) that GPRS could theoretically reach downlink speeds of up to 171Kbps while the EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM) can reach 384Kpbs.

4 TYPES OF HO IN GSM:
1) Intra-BTS , 2) Inter-BTS , 3) Inter-BSC , 4) Inter-MSC

3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA)

2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs. 3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data over the same network simultaneously.

HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) could theoretically reach downlink speeds of up to 42Mbps (using Dual Carrier Tech).
Each Carrier is 5MHz.

3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA) ARCHITECTURE

3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA) MULTIPLE ACCESS

3G use CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) where all user use the same frequency all the time, but with different codes; a channel is a code

 By Applying some filtration teqniques we can recognize the received data

3 TYPES OF HO IN 3G:
1- Soft-Handover , 2- Softer-Handover ,3- Hard-Handover

4TH GENERATION (LTE)

4TH GENERATION (LTE)

4TH GENERATION (LTE)

4G development focuses around achieving ultra-broadband speeds, competing with and in some cases outstripping the speeds provided by your home internet connection. 4G average speeds are targeted to be in the 100Mbps to 1Gbps range, roughly 10 to 100 times (dependent on location) faster than 3G networks The LTE (Long Term Evolution) is purely packet based. Voice transport is thus based on Voice over IP (VoIP) technology.

4TH GENERATION (LTE) ARCHITECTURE

eNodeB: Evolved NodeB SGW : Serving Gateway MME : Mobility Management Equipment

4TH GENERATION (LTE) MULTIPLE ACCESS

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul5plexing) in Downlink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) In Uplink

4TH GENERATION (LTE) MULTIPLE ACCESS

COMPARISON BETWEEN GENERATIONS

COMPARISON BETWEEN GENERATIONS

THANK YOU