TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS The main problem people in major cities and transportation is an increasingly significant problem.

Movement of people, vehicles and goods are often discussed in the context of travel delay, travel costs are expensive (the price of vehicles, parts, fuel, tolls, etc..), As well as the growing danger of travel and uncomfortable.

TRANSPORTATION PLANNING OBJECTIVES ARE: Efficiency - To ensure that the trip could dibuatdengan to be the fastest and cheapest. This can be achieved by ensuring a low cost for the provision, operation, and maintenance of transportation facilities. Conservation of resources - Supply of resources used in the preparation, operation, maintenance, and use of transportation facilities is terhad.Sumber these sources is the time, energy, human resources, materials and land. Financial Conservation - To reduce peruntukankewangan be requested from the authorities untukpenyediaan, operations and maintenance kemudahanpengangkutan. Taking care of the environment - To reduce the impact of transport and utilization darikemudahan on Environmental. Improve safety - To reduce kehilangannyawa, injuries and property damage disebabkankemalangan to the driver, passengers and pedestrians. As part of the land use planning, development of the area can be implemented quickly denganlebih baik.Dengan transport infrastructure in this manner the admissibility dapatditingkatkan facilities.

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING A. To make a detailed study to ensure & verify the form of a travel-related problems. B. Outlines the procedures to carry out a more systematic study as well as its ability to base & format for coordination so that the aims & objectives are achieved. C. Can produce an integrated transport system with the use of land & institutions to achieve good policy towards improving the quality of city travel.

THE PLAN (LEVEL GOVERNMENT / STATE) a) Planning the short term (<5 years) o simple shape does not require a huge financial pembaikansediada form. b) Planning for the medium term (5-10 years) (Level Government / State) o simple shape does not require substantial financial improvement of existing form. o change the form of current traffic system. c) Long Term Planning (Level Federal Government) o a comprehensive program, the costs are large and affect the socio-economic development and the environment.

TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ELEMENTS The planning process Implementation of the selection plan Monitoring of review

STUDY PERFORMED IN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS

- Conducted to determine the need / or suitability of the various transport systems such as the construction of a new viaduct or highway, transport choice, etc. due to changes in land use in an area. - In short, the transportation study is an attempt for the existing inventory of travel patterns, land use activities and socio-economic factors that influence travel demand thought. - A variety of methods conducted to obtain data pengangkutan.kaedah conducted has varied from one study to another study and this method depends on the purpose of the study was conducted.

a) study the origin

travel demand of the existing transportation facilities and transportation facilities in the future. The effectiveness and appropriateness of planned transportation projects such as building, bridges, highway systems and public transportation system. There are various methods of origin of study undertaken. Among them are:

i. Interviews on the street - Sample of siege vehicles that crossed the line asked to stop and the driver will be interviewed by the observer data to get some needed information. - The advantages of this method is the necessary evidence is obtained directly and fairly accurately. - The main disadvantage of this method is the only evidence obtained in vehicle only.

ii. Using postcards - The method of using postcards may be a relatively cheap alternative compared to the interviews on the street to get the data off the course. - In general, there are two types of methods used postcards, which are: I. The first method - It is a way to do research on certain points, and the drivers of vehicles stopped and asked to be given a prepaid postcard. Motorists are required to fill this postcard and post it back time after completed. II. The second method - By way of sending a postcard by mail to vehicle owners.

iii. Vehicle registration number - The registration number of vehicles crossing the selected stations recorded by observers. Usually, three or four of the last registration number was recorded. - The advantages are, do not interfere with traffic flow as vehicles are not required to stop. - The drawback is that it is difficult to do analysis for all data that are observed at other stations must be collected in advance before. Because all stations should be observed simultaneously by this method requires a large number of observers.

iv. Interview at home - The main method for obtaining travel data is to do the interview at home. - The advantages of this method is that all evidence about the trip every householder be obtained directly. - The negative side is that takes time and the high cost and need of a butterfly interviewer v. Questionnaires - As an alternative to the method in the home interviews, questionnaires available can also be distributed to a sample of households was selected. - The advantages of this method is not costly.

(B) The volume

- Conducted to obtain accurate information on the number and movement of vehicles (also pedestrian) on or through an area, or at selected points in a study area. - Divided into two methods:

I. The method is manual / Manual - It is recorded manually by vehicle type. Meanwhile, the period depends on the intended use of data in the study and filled in a special form. - The advantage that, simple and cheap and the data were analyzed and the data collected easily in abnormal conditions can be obtained. - The drawback is the, need more staff if the flow is congested or more junctions and the data were not accurate due to the negligence of observers. II. Method of Mechanical / Automatic - The vehicle crossed the study area will be detected by special sensors which is used when the traffic flow data needed for the long run. - The type of detector are: Detection Equipment Mechanic Contact Electrical Equipment Magnetic Detectors Video Recorder and Photoelectric

(C) Review the local speed Made to measure vehicle speed of a sample of individuals who pass a given point on the road or the road. Speed is the basic measure of traffic performance and has many uses. (D) travel speed and delay studies Performed as an indicator of the level of services provided, and the effectiveness and efficiency of the flow of a street. The service times are defined as total elapsed travel time (including stops and delays) who had traveled by the vehicle while moving from one point to another point on a route specified in the existing traffic conditions.

(E) Review of parking Done to get some needed evidence that an assessment of the parking problem can be carried out. The purpose of the parking study include: - Identify parking needs. - Determine the physical requirements to supply the place of the existing parking can be modified or added. GENERAL POLICY TO BE TAKEN IN REGARD TO TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 1) Social Implications Deed of society, connectivity facilities and services. Transfer of residents. 2) Economic Impact Employment, income and business activity. Activities population. Effect on property taxes. Plan and regional and community development. natural resources.

3) Physical Effects

The value of environmental design, beauty dansejarah. ecosystems on earth. water ecosystems. air quality. Noise and vibration.

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT PLAN suitable for the particular function Economics Maintenance is easy make a request