ASTROLOGY

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Contents
Articles
Astrological symbols Astrological sign 1 8

References
Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 19 20

Article Licenses
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Astrological symbols

Astrological symbols
Astrology

New millennium astrological chart Background

History of astrology Astrology and astronomy Astrology and science Sidereal and tropical Traditions, types, and systems Traditions

Babylonian Hellenistic Islamic Western Hindu Chinese Branches

Natal Electional Horary Astrology portal

Astrological symbols are images used in various astrological systems to denote relevant objects. A number of such images are shown below.

History and origin

Symbols for the classical planets, zodiac signs, aspects, lots, and the lunar nodes appear in the medieval Byzantine codices in which many ancient horoscopes were preserved. In the original papyri of these Greek horoscopes, there were found a circle with the glyph representing shine( ) for the Sun and a crescent for the Moon. The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyri.[1] The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are identified as monograms of the initial letters of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized caduceus. A. S. D. Maunder finds antecedents of the planetary symbols in earlier sources, used to represent the gods associated with the classical planets. Bianchini's planisphere, produced in the 2nd century, shows Greek personifications of planetary gods charged with early versions of the planetary symbols: Mercury has a caduceus; Venus has, attached to her necklace, a cord connected to another necklace; Mars, a spear; Jupiter, a staff; Saturn, a scythe; the Sun, a circlet with rays radiating from it; and the Moon, a headdress

Astrological symbols with a crescent attached. A diagram in Johannes Kamateros' 12th century Compendium of Astrology shows the Sun represented by the circle with a ray, Jupiter by the letter zeta (the initial of Zeus, Jupiter's counterpart in Greek mythology), Mars by a shield crossed by a spear, and the remaining classical planets by symbols resembling the modern ones, without the cross-mark seen in modern versions of the symbols. The modern sun symbol, pictured as a circle with a dot (), first appeared in the Renaissance. Symbols for Uranus and Neptune were created shortly after their discovery. For Uranus, two variant symbols are seen. One symbol, , invented by J. G. Khler and refined by Bode, was intended to represent the newly discovered metal platinum; since platinum, commonly called white gold, was found by chemists mixed with iron, the symbol for platinum combines the alchemical symbols for iron, , and gold, . Another symbol, , was suggested by Lalande in 1784. In a letter to Herschel, Lalande described it as "un globe surmont par la premire lettre de votre nom" ("a globe surmounted by the first letter of your name"). After Neptune was discovered, the Bureau des Longitudes proposed the name Neptune and the familiar trident for the planet's symbol. The astrological symbols for the first three objects discovered at the beginning of the 19th century Ceres, Pallas, and Junowere also created after their discovery. Firstly, they were listed as planets, and half a century later, renamed as Asteroids. Shortly after Giuseppe Piazzi's discovery of Ceres, a group of astronomers ratified the name, proposed by the discoverer, and chose the sickle as a symbol of the planet. The symbol for Pallas, the spear of Pallas Athena, was invented by Baron Franz Xaver von Zach, and introduced in his Monatliche correspondenz zur befrderung der erd- und himmels-kunde.[2] Karl Ludwig Harding, who discovered and named Juno, assigned to it the symbol of a scepter topped with a star. The modern astrological symbol for Vesta was created by Eleanor Bach, who is credited with pioneering the use of the Big Four asteroids with the publication of her Ephemerides of the Asteroids. Bach's symbol for Vesta is a simplified version of other representations of Vesta's altar. The original form of the symbol for Vesta, , was created by German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. Dr. Olbers, having previously discovered and named one new planet (as the asteroids were then classified), gave Gauss the honor of naming his newest discovery. Gauss decided to name the planet for the goddess Vesta, and also specified that the symbol should be the altar of the goddess with the sacred fire burning on it. Pluto, like Uranus, has two symbols in use. One symbol, a monogram of the letters PL (which could be interpreted to stand for Pluto or for astronomer Percival Lowell), was announced with the name of the new planet by the discoverers on May 1, 1930. The other symbol, which was popularized in Paul Clancy's astrological publications, is based on the symbol for Mercury, with the circle and arc of Mercury trading positions. This symbol is described by Dane Rudhyar as "suggest[ing] the planetary character of the Pluto mind by the circle, floating above the open cup." Although, this meaning is readily debatable due to Blavatskian origins, rather than a properly traditional understanding, such as may be found in the hermetic sciences. The symbol for the centaur Chiron, a key with the letter K (for discoverer Charles T. Kowal) was proposed by astrologer Al Morrison, who presented the symbol as "an inspiration shared amongst Al H. Morrison, Joelle K.D. Mahoney, and Marlene Bassoff." The symbol for retrograde motion is , a capital R with a tail stroke.[3] An R with a tail stroke was used to abbreviate many words beginning with the letter R; in medical prescriptions, it abbreviated the word recipe (from the Latin imperative of recipere "to take"), and in missals, an R with a tail stroke marked the responses.

Astrological symbols

Meanings of the symbols

Astrological planets
The glyphs of the planets are usually (but not always) broken down into four common elements: A circle denoting spirit, a crescent denoting the mind, a cross denoting practical/physical matter and an arrow denoting action or direction.[4]
Name Sun Moon Mercury Venus Earth Mars Ceres Symbol Symbol represents Solar symbol (circled dot) A crescent moon Mercury's winged helmet and caduceus Venus's hand mirror. Earth; a Solar symbol (sun cross) Mars's shield and spear. Scythe (handle down), emblematic of Ceres as goddess of the Harvest. Jupiter's thunderbolt or eagle Saturn's sickle H in symbol taken from discoverer's last name, Herschel Derived from a combination of the Mars and Sun symbols Neptune Pluto Neptune's trident Modification of Neptune's astrological symbol Meaning of symbol Divine spirit (circle) surrounding seed of potential Mind or evolving human spirit through receptivity (crescent) Mind (crescent) poised over divine spirit (circle) and matter (cross) Divine spirit (circle) over matter (cross) Planet Earth the cardinal directions. C.f. Globus cruciger Drive (arrow) over divine spirit (circle) A stylized sickle, a crescent of receptivity resting on a cross of matter.

Jupiter Saturn Uranus

Mind (crescent) rising above the horizon of matter (cross) Matter (cross) taking precedence over mind or human spirit (crescent) The circle of spirit and a dominant cross of matter, in form of an antenna that uses matter as a way to insight. Astronomical glyph often used astrologically. Drive over a divine spirit (circle) surrounding seed of potential Mind or receptivity (crescent) transcending matter (cross) Mind (crescent) transcending matter (cross) to reach for divine spirit (circle) Astronomical symbol often used astrologically

PL monogram for Pluto and Percival Lowell

Signs of the zodiac

Name Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Meaning Ram Bull Twins Crab Lion Virgin Scale Scorpion Archer Symbol Image Symbol Represents Face and horns of ram Face and horns of bull Companion Crab's claws Lion's head and mane Sheaf of barley Scales Stinger of a scorpion Arrow of the centaur

Astrological symbols

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Body and head of a goat with the tail of a fish.

Capricorn

Sea-goat

Aquarius

Waterbearer

Ripples of water; sometimes modernly viewed as bolts of lightning, waves of aether, or electrically-charged water Two fish tied together yet swimming in opposite directions

Pisces

Fish

Aspects
Name Conjunction Symbol Explanation 0 angle/two or more planets in the same sign A circle with a line implying two objects are in the same place (also, the starting point of an angle) 30 angle/One sign apart The intersecting lines from the inner angles of the upper half of a hexagon (see Sextile) 45 angle (also known as the "octile" or "semiquartile") The bisecting line of a right angle (see Square) 60 angle/Two signs apart The intersecting lines from the inner angles of a hexagon 72 angle 90 angle (also known as the "quartile")/Three signs apart/Same modality A regular quadrilateral that represents the right angle 120 angle/Four signs apart/Same elemental triplicity An equilateral triangle. 135 angle (also known as the "sesquisquare," "square-and-a-half," and/or "trioctile") The glyph of the Semi-Square under the glyph of the Square, implying the sum of them both 144 angle 150 angle (also known as the "inconjunct")/Five signs apart The intersecting lines from the inner angles of the lower half of a hexagon (see Sextile) 180 angle/Six signs apart The glyph of the Conjunction plus a circle on top of its line, implying two objects are in front (opposed) of each other.

Semisextile Semi-square Sextile Quintile Square

Trine Sesquiquadrate

Biquintile Quincunx

Opposition

Lunar phases
Name New moon Crescent moon First quarter moon Gibbous moon Full moon Disseminating moon Last quarter moon Balsamic moon Symbol [5][6] Explanation Denotes the new moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 0-45. Denotes a waxing crescent moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 45-90. Denotes a first quarter moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 90-135. Denotes a waxing gibbous moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 135-180. Denotes a full moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 180-225. Denotes a waning gibbous moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 225-270. Denotes a last quarter moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 270-315. Denotes a waning crescent moon or a soli-lunar arc in the range 315-360.

Astrological symbols

Miscellaneous symbols
Name Symbol Symbol represents Angle Explanation

Ascendant

The ascendant (also known as the "ascensum coeli") is the rising intersection of the ecliptic with the celestial horizon at a particular moment in time; it is used in the construction of a horoscope/natal chart The midheaven (also known as the "medium coeli") is the point where the ecliptic crosses the local meridian; it is used in the construction of a horoscope/natal chart Not all astrologers use the lunar nodes; however, their usage is very important in Vedic astrology. They are alternately known as the "Dragon's Head" (Rahu, Caput Draconis, or Anabibazon) and the "Dragon's Tail" (Ketu, Cauda Draconis, or Catabibazon). The two nodes together are most commonly referred to simply as the nodal axis, the lunar nodes, or the Moon's nodes. The traditional Black Moon Lilith is the position of the mean lunar apogee as measured from the geocenter; variants of the Black Moon include replacing the mean orbit with a "true" osculating orbit or with an interpolated orbit; charting the empty focus of the Moon's orbit instead of the apogee; and measuring the desired point's barycentric or topocentric position instead of its geocentric position. Symbol represents the apparent retrograde motion of a planet in an astrological chart

Midheaven

Angle

Ascending Node Descending Node Black Moon Lilith

Lunar node

Lunar node

Lunar apogee

Retrograde motion

Apparent retrograde motion Comet

Comet

Different comets often use different symbols, but the use of comets is not widespread in mainstream astrology A spear (variant has triangle on top) Alchemical symbol for sulfur (both variants) see also Asteroids in astrology) A serpent coiled around Asclepius' rod Two serpents coiled around the rod. (Alternative astrological symbol)

2 Pallas

Asteroid

10 Hygiea

Asteroid

3 Juno 4 Vesta 2060 Chiron Lot of fortune Eris

Asteroid Asteroid Centaur Lot

The scepter (of a queen, Juno is the Roman equivalent of Greek Hera) topped with a star The fire on the hearth or altar (Roman equivalent of Greek Hestia) Stylized body of a centaur (the circle is the horse part, the K-like glyph is the human part) Glyph for planet Earth rotated 45 degrees.

Dwarf planet

An Eye of Providence; proposed by astrologer Zane B. Stein

[7]

The Hand of Eris; also used non-astrologically by Discordians In use by astrologers in Poland and by the astrology software Urania [8]

Based on the symbols for Pluto, Mars, and Venus; proposed by Henry Seltzer and used in Time [9] Passages

Unicode encodings

Astrological symbols

Symbol Sun

Image

Unicode U+2609 U+1F71A

Glyph ---- -

Moon

U+263D U+263E

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus

U+263F U+2640 U+2295 U+2642 U+2643 U+2644 U+2645 U+26E2

Neptune 1 Ceres 2 Pallas 3 Juno 4 Vesta 2060 Chiron Eris

U+2646 U+02A1 U+26B4 U+26B5 U+26B6 U+26B7 not present not present not present not present

Pluto

U+2647 not present

Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra

U+2648 U+2649 U+264A U+264B U+264C U+264D U+264E

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Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn U+264F U+2650 U+2651

Aquarius Pisces Conjunction Semisextile Semi-square Sextile Quintile Square Trine Sesquiquadrate Biquintile Quincunx Opposition New moon Crescent moon First quarter moon Gibbous moon Full moon Disseminating moon Last quarter moon Balsamic moon Ascendant Midheaven Ascending node Descending node Black Moon Lilith Retrograde motion Lot of fortune Comet

U+2652 U+2653 U+260C U+26BA U+2220 U+26B9 U+0051 U+25A1 U+25B3 U+26BC

U+0062 U+0051 bQ U+26BB U+260D U+1F311 U+1F312 U+1F313 U+1F314 U+1F315 U+1F316 U+1F317 U+1F318 not plain text not plain text U+260A U+260B U+26B8 U+211E U+2297 U+2604 ASC MC

Astrological symbols

References
[1] "It is now possible to trace the medieval symbols for at least four of the five planets to forms that occur in some of the latest papyrus horoscopes ([ P.Oxy. ] 4272, 4274, 4275 [...]). That for Jupiter is an obvious monogram derived form the initial letter of the Greek name. Saturn's has a similar derivation [...]but underwent simplification. The ideal form of Mars' symbol is uncertain, and perhaps not related to the later circle with an arrow through it. Mercury's is a stylized caduceus." [2] von Zach, Franz Xaver (1802). Monatliche correspondenz zur befrderung der erd- und himmels-kunde, Volume 6 (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=nR04AAAAMAAJ& pg=PA95). pp. 95-96. [3] A chart with by a retrograde Jupiter appears on p. 35; on p. 37, describing the construction of the chart, Lilly says: "And because [Jupiter] is noted Retrograde I place the letter R, the better to informe my judgement." [4] Glyphs of the general astrological and Uranian planets (http:/ / www. uranian-institute. org/ bfglyphs. htm) [5] Rudhyar, Dane. " The Eight Lunation Types (http:/ / www. khaldea. com/ rudhyar/ astroarticles/ lunationbirthday_4. php)", from Your Lunation Birthday. [6] Meyer, Michael R. " Key to Symbols (http:/ / www. khaldea. com/ ephemeris/ ke_sample. pdf#page=5)", from KhaldeaEphemeris7z, p. 5. [7] Stein, Zane. Chiron and Friends - What's Out Past Pluto? (http:/ / www. zanestein. com/ Trans-pluto. htm#UB313) [8] Astrological symbols of planets, zodiac signs and aspects (http:/ / www. astrologia. pl/ symbols. html) [9] Seltzer, Henry. Hail Eris! (http:/ / www. astrograph. com/ learning-astrology/ Eris. php)

External links
Astrological symbols for asteroids (http://www.treehousemountain.com/anames.htm) (often different from the astronomical ones)

Astrological sign
Astrology

New millennium astrological chart Background

History of astrology Astrology and astronomy Astrology and science Sidereal and tropical Traditions, types, and systems Traditions

Babylonian Hellenistic Islamic Western Hindu

Astrological sign

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Chinese Branches

Natal Electional Horary Astrology portal

In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30 sectors of the ecliptic, starting at the vernal equinox (one of the intersections of the ecliptic with the celestial equator), also known as the First Point of Aries. The order of the astrological signs is Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces. The concept of the zodiac originated in Babylonian astrology, and was later influenced by Hellenistic culture. According to astrology, celestial phenomena relate to human activity on the principle of "as above, so below", so that the signs are held to represent characteristic modes of expression,[1] or primary energy patterns indicating specific qualities of experience, through which planets manifest their dimension of experience.[2] The twelve sector division of the ecliptic constitutes astrology's primary frame of reference when considering the positions of celestial bodies, from a geocentric point of view, so that we may find, for instance, the Sun in 23 Aries (23 longitude), the Moon in 7 Scorpio (217 longitude), or Jupiter in 29 Pisces (359 longitude). Beyond the celestial bodies, other astrological points that are dependent on geographical location and time (namely, the Ascendant, the Midheaven, the Vertex and the houses' cusps) are also referenced within this ecliptic coordinate system. Various approaches to measuring and dividing the sky are currently used by differing systems of astrology, although the tradition of the Zodiac's names and symbols remain consistent. Western astrology measures from Equinox and Solstice points (points relating to longest, equal and shortest days of the tropical year), while Jyotia or Vedic astrology measures along the equatorial plane (sidereal year). Precession results in Western astrology's zodiacal divisions not corresponding in the current era to the constellations that carry similar names,[3] while Jyotia measurements still correspond with the background constellations.[4] In Western and Asian astrology, the emphasis is on space, and the movement of the Sun, Moon and planets in the sky through each of the zodiac signs. In Chinese astrology, by contrast, the emphasis is on time, with the zodiac operating on cycles of years, months, and hours of the day. A common feature of all three traditions however, is the significance of the Ascendant - the zodiac sign that is rising (due to the rotation of the earth) on the eastern horizon at the moment of a person's birth. A sidereal period is the time required for a celestial body within the solar system to complete one revolution with respect to the fixed stars(as observed from some fixed point outside the system.) The sidereal period of a planet can be calculated if its synodic period (the time for it to return to the same position relative to the Sun and Earth) is known; the sidereal period of the moon or artificial satellite of Earth is the time needed for it to return to the same position against the background of stars. If earth were spinning over a fixed place on the sun, rather than revolving around it, then every star would rise and set at the same times throughout the year.[5] There is a group of constellations known as the zodiacal constellations that make a ring around the Earth. To astronomers, this band is called the Ecliptic, and is the path the Sun and Moon both appear to take around the Earth. To Astrologers, this imaginary band is what governs many of our personal traits. When an astrologer says that your Sun is in Cancer, this means that at the time you were born, the Sun appeared to be in the constellation Cancer. Because of this, you cannot see the constellation representing your birth sign on your birthday. Instead, you have to wait a few months until the Sun has moved a sufficient number of signs away. These constellations are different at different times of the year because on the autumnal equinox each year, the Sun is in the constellation Virgo. As seen from Earth, that part of the sky is in daylight and we see stars only on the other

Astrological sign half of the sky, centered around the constellation Pisces. Six months later, the Sun is in Pisces. the side of the sky is then bright, while the side centered on Virgo is in darkness.

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Western zodiac signs

Zodiac history and symbolism
While Western astrology is essentially a product of Greco-Roman culture, some of its more basic concepts originated in Babylonia. Isolated references to celestial "signs" in Sumerian sources are insufficient to speak of a Sumerian zodiac.[6] Specifically, the division of the ecliptic in twelve equal sectors is a Babylonian conceptual construction.[7] By the 4th century BC, Babylonians' astronomy and their system of celestial omens were influencing the Greek culture and, by late 2nd century BC, Egyptian astrology was also mixing in. This resulted, unlike the Mesopotamian tradition, in a strong focus on the birth chart of the individual and in the creation of horoscopic astrology, employing the use of the Ascendant (the rising degree of the ecliptic, at the time of birth), and of the twelve houses. Association of the astrological signs with Empedocles' four classical elements was another important development in the characterization of the twelve signs.

The body of astrological knowledge by the 2nd century AD is described in Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos, a work that was responsible for astrology's successful spread across Europe and the Middle East, and remained a reference for almost seventeen centuries as later traditions made few substantial changes to its core teachings. The following table enumerates the twelve divisions of celestial longitude, with the Latin names (still widely used) and the English translation (gloss). The longitude intervals, being a mathematical division, are closed for the first endpoint and open for the second - for instance, 30 of longitude is the first point of Taurus, not part of Aries. Association of calendar dates with astrological signs only makes sense when referring to Sun sign astrology.

The twelve ecliptic signs. Each dot marks the start of a sign and they are separated by 30. The intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic define the equinoctial points: First Point of Aries ( ) and First Point of Libra ( ). The great circle containing the celestial poles and the ecliptic poles (P and P'), intersect the ecliptic at 0 Cancer ( ) and 0 Capricorn ( ). In this illustration, the Sun is schematically positioned at the start of Aquarius ( ).

Astrological sign

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Sign Celestial longitude interval () Symbol Gloss

Aries [0, 30[

Taurus [30, 60[

Gemini [60, 90[

Cancer [90, 120[

Leo [120, 150[

Virgo [150, 180[

Libra [180, 210[

Scorpio [210, 240[

Sagittarius Capricorn [240, 270[ [270, 300[

Aquarius [300, 330[

Pisces [330, 360[

The Ram

The Bull

The Twins

The Crab

The Lion

The Maiden

The Scales

The Scorpion

The Archer

The Goat

The Water-bearer

The Fish

Polarity and the four elements

Empedocles, a fifth-century BC Greek philosopher, identified Fire, Earth, Air, and Water as elements. He explained the nature of the universe as an interaction of two opposing principles called love and strife manipulating the four elements, and stated that these four elements were all equal, of the same age, that each rules its own province, and each possesses its own individual character. Different mixtures of these elements produced the different natures of things. Empedocles said that those who were born with near equal proportions of the four elements are more intelligent and have the most exact perceptions.[8] Each sign is associated with one of the classical elements,[9] and these can also be grouped according to polarity: Fire and Air signs are considered positive or extrovert, masculine signs; while Water and Earth signs are considered negative or introvert, feminine signs. A modern approach looks at elements as "the energy substance of experience" and the next table tries to summarize their description through keywords.[10][11]

A simple diagram displaying the planets' sign positions on May 16th, 2012. The signs are colored according to the associated element. Each planet is represented by a glyph next to its longitude within the sign. Additional symbols may be added to represent apparent retrograde motion( ), or apparent stationary moment (shift from retrograde to direct, or vice-versa: S).

Polarity Positive (self-expressive) Negative (self-containing)

Element Symbol[12] Fire Air Earth Water

Keywords Enthusiasm; drive to express self; faith

Signs Aries; Leo; Sagittarius

Communication; socialization; conceptualization Gemini; Libra; Aquarius Practicality; caution; material world Emotion; empathy; sensitivity Taurus; Virgo; Capricorn Cancer; Scorpio; Pisces

Classification according to element has gained such importance, that some astrologers start their interpretation of a natal chart, by studying the balance of elements shown by the position of planets and angles[13] (especially the Sun, the Moon and the Ascendant).

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The three modalities

Each of the four elements manifests in three modalities: Cardinal, Fixed and Mutable.[14] As each modality comprehends four signs, these are also known as Quadruplicities. They are occasionally referred to as crosses because each modality forms a cross when drawn across the zodiac. Christian astrology relates the three qualities to the three aspects of God in the trinity[citation needed].
Modality Symbol[15] Cardinal Fixed Mutable Keywords [16][17] Signs Aries; Cancer; Libra; Capricorn Taurus; Leo; Scorpio; Aquarius Gemini; Virgo; Sagittarius; Pisces

Action; initiative; great vitality Resistance to change; great willpower Adaptability

The combination of element and modality provides a basic sign characterization. For instance, Capricorn is a cardinal earth sign, meaning that it is associated with action (cardinal modality) in the material world (earth element). That can translate into ambition or practical application to the concrete, everyday necessities of life.[18] The next table displays the twelve combinations of elements and modalities.
Fire Cardinal Fixed Aries Leo Earth Capricorn Taurus Virgo Air Libra Water Cancer

Aquarius Scorpio Gemini Pisces

Mutable Sagittarius

Planetary rulerships
Rulership is the connection between planet and correlated sign and house.[19] In traditional Western astrology, each sign is ruled by one and only one of the seven visible planets (note that in astrology, the Sun and Moon are termed The Lights, while the other bodies are called planets, which literally means wanderers, i.e. wandering stars as opposed to the fixed stars). The traditional rulerships are as follows: Aries (Mars), Taurus (Venus), Gemini (Mercury), Cancer (Moon), Leo (Sun), Virgo (Mercury), Libra (Venus), Scorpio (Mars), Sagittarius (Jupiter), Capricorn (Saturn), Aquarius (Saturn), Pisces (Jupiter).[20] Psychologically-oriented astrologers often believe that Uranus is the ruler or co-ruler of Aquarius instead of Saturn; Neptune is the ruler or co-ruler of Pisces instead of Jupiter, and that Pluto is the ruler or co-ruler of Scorpio instead of Mars. Some Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words astrologers believe that the planetoid Chiron may be the ruler of Virgo, while other group of modern astrologers claim that Ceres is the ruler of Taurus instead. Other astrologers, still, use the former planets Pallas, Vesta, Juno and Hygiea in their delineations and rulerships, for example Vesta to Taurus and Pallas to Virgo. Debate continues between those who consider the newly discovered planets as rulers or co-rulers of certain signs and those that do not. Some astrologers do not even use the astrological signs at all (mostly Cosmobiologists and Uranian Astrologers/Hamburg School). Therefore they do not take into account planetary rulerships and the essential dignities when interpreting an astrological chart. Note that, if one starts from Leo and Cancer, the traditional planetary rulers are arrayed outward in the same order from the sun as they occur in the natural solar system. The Lights ruling Leo and Cancer, Mercury ruling Virgo and Gemini, Venus ruling Libra and Taurus, Mars ruling Scorpio and Aries, Jupiter ruling Sagittarius and Pisces, Saturn ruling Capricorn and Aquarius. The result is a symmetry of traditional rulerships across the 0 Leo/Aquarius axis. Note that modern rulerships, which attribute Pluto as ruler of Scorpio, break this symmetry. The following table shows both, traditional and modern,[21] rulerships.

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Symbol Sign names Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces

Ruling planet Traditional / Modern Mars Venus Mercury Moon Sun Mercury Venus Mars / Pluto Jupiter Saturn Saturn / Uranus Jupiter / Neptune

Dignity and detriment, exaltation and fall

A traditional belief of astrology, known as essential dignity, is the idea that the Sun, Moon and planets are more powerful and effective in some signs than others, because the basic nature of both is held to be in harmony. By contrast, they are held to find some signs to be weak or difficult to operate in because their natures are thought to be in conflict. The most important of these categories are Dignity, Detriment, Exaltation and Fall. Dignity and Detriment : A planet is strengthened or dignified if it falls within the sign that it rules. In other words it is said to exercise Rulership of the sign. For example, the Moon in Cancer is considered "strong" (well-dignified). Seventeenth century astrologer William Lilly compared rulership to a king on his throne, with considerable dignity. If a planet is in the sign opposite that which it rules (or is dignified), it is said to be weakened or in Detriment (for example, the Moon in Capricorn).[22] In traditional astrology, other levels of Dignity are recognised in addition to Rulership. These are known as Exaltation (see below), Triplicity, Terms or bounds, and Face or Decan, which together are known as describing a planet's Essential dignity, the quality or ability to give of one's true nature. Contemporary traditional astrologers like John Frawley or J Lee Lehman explain further on the concept of Essential Dignity. Exaltation and Fall : In addition, a planet is also strengthened when it is in its sign of Exaltation. In traditional horary astrology, Exaltation denotes a level of dignity somewhat exaggerated compared to rulership. Exaltation was considered to give the planet (or what it signified in a horary chart) dignity, with the metaphor of an honoured guest who is the centre of attention but the extent of their ability to act is limited. Examples of planets in their Exaltation are: Saturn (Libra), Sun (Aries), Venus (Pisces), Moon (Taurus), Mercury (Virgo, although some disagree to this classification), Mars (Capricorn), Jupiter (Cancer). A planet in the opposite sign of its Exaltation is said to be in its Fall, and thus weakened, perhaps seemingly more so than Detriment. The Planet in fall is passively rejected or ignored by the sign that it's in. It can be likened to a mayor of a rival city trying to make suggestions to the hosting mayor for how he should run his city: The host mayor finds it difficult to trust him and cannot see how his input could have relevancy to his city. The people of the city feel the same as their ruler. The result is impasse and failure on behalf of both mayors and the city. There is no agreement as to the signs in which the three extra-Saturnian planets may be considered to be exalted.[23] The following table summarizes the positions described above:

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Planet (Symbol) Sun ( Moon ( Mercury ( Venus ( Mars ( Jupiter ( Saturn ( ) ) ) ) ) ) )

Dignity Leo Cancer Gemini Libra Aries Sagittarius Capricorn

Detriment Exaltation Aquarius Capricorn Sagittarius Aries Libra Gemini Cancer Aries Taurus Virgo Pisces Capricorn Cancer Libra

Fall Libra Scorpio Pisces Virgo Cancer Capricorn Aries

In addition to essential dignity, the traditional astrologer considers Accidental dignity of planets. This is placement by house in the chart under examination. Accidental dignity is the planet's "ability to act." So we might have, for example, Moon in Cancer, dignified by rulership, is placed in the 12th house it would have little scope to express its good nature.[24] The 12th is a cadent house as are the 3rd, 6th and 9th and planets in these houses are considered weak or afflicted. On the other hand, Moon in the 1st, 4th, 7th or 10th would be more able to act as these are Angular houses. Planets in Succedent houses of the chart (2nd, 5th, 8th, 11th) are generally considered to be of medium ability to act. Besides Accidental Dignity, there are a range of Accidental Debilities, such as retrogradation, Under the Sun's Beams, Combust, and so forth.

Additional classifications
Each sign can be divided into three 10 sectors known as decans or decanates, though these have fallen into disuse. The first decanate is said to be most emphatically of its own nature and is ruled by the sign ruler.[25] The next decanate is sub-ruled by the planet ruling the next sign in the same triplicity. The last decanate is sub-ruled by the next in order in the same triplicity.[26] While the element and modality of a sign are together sufficient to define it, they can be grouped to indicate their symbolism. The first four signs, Aries, Taurus, Gemini and Cancer, form the group of personal signs. The next four signs, Leo, Virgo, Libra and Scorpio form the group of interpersonal signs. The last four signs of the zodiac, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces, form the group of transpersonal signs.[27] Dane Rudhyar presented the tropical zodiac primary factors,[28] used in the curriculum of the RASA School of Astrology. The tropical zodiac is the zodiac of seasonal factors as opposed to the sidereal zodiac (constellation factors). The primary seasonal factors are based on the changing ratio of sunlight and darkness across the year. The first factor is whether the chosen time falls in the half of the year when daylight is increasing, or the half of the year when darkness is increasing. The second factor is whether the chosen time falls in the half of the year when there is more daylight than darkness, or the half when there is more darkness than daylight. The third factor is which of the four seasons the chosen time falls in, defined by the first two factors. Thus[29][30] the 'winter' season is when daylight is increasing and there is more darkness than daylight. the 'spring' season is when daylight is increasing and there is more daylight than darkness. the 'summer' season is when darkness is increasing and there is more daylight than darkness. the 'autumn' season is when darkness is increasing and there is more darkness than daylight.

Astrological sign

15

Indian astrology
In Indian astrology, there are four elements: fire, earth, air, and water. The master of fire is Mars, while Mercury is of earth, Saturn of air, and Venus of water. Jyotish astrology recognises twelve zodiac signs (Ri),[31] that correspond to those in Western astrology. The relation of the signs to the elements is the same in the two systems.

Nakshatras
A nakshatra (Devanagari: , Sanskrit nakshatra, from naksha- 'approach', and tra- 'guard') or lunar mansion is one of the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, as used in Hindu astronomy and astrology (Jyotisha).[32]

Chinese zodiac signs

Unlike the Western or Indian zodiacs, the Chinese zodiac signs are not derived from constellations, and are not assigned to sections of the ecliptic. Instead, Chinese astrological signs operate on cycles of years, lunar months, and two-hour periods of the day (also known as shichen). A particular feature of the Chinese zodiac is its operation in a 60-year cycle in combination with the Five Phases of Chinese astrology (Wood, Fire, Metal, Water, and Earth). Nevertheless some researches say that there is an obvious relationship between the Chinese 12-year cycle and zodiac constellations: each year of the cycle corresponds to a certain disposal of Jupiter. For example, in the year of Snake Jupiter is in the Sign of Gemini, in the year of Horse Jupiter is in the Sign of Cancer and so on. So the Chinese 12-year calendar is a solar-lunar-jupiterian calendar.

Zodiac symbolism
The following table shows the twelve signs and their attributes.
Sign Rat Ox Tiger Rabbit Dragon Snake Horse Goat Yin/Yang Direction Yang Yin Yang Yin Yang Yin Yang Yin North North East East East South South South West West West North Season Mid-Winter Late Winter Early Spring Mid-Spring Late Spring Fixed Element Trine Water Water Wood Wood Wood 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Early Summer Fire Mid-Summer Late Summer Fire Fire

Monkey Yang Rooster Yin Dog Pig Yang Yin

Early Autumn Metal Mid-Autumn Late Autumn Early Winter Metal Metal Water

Astrological sign

16

The twelve signs

In Chinese astrology the zodiac of twelve animal sign represents twelve different types of personality. The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the Rat, and there are many stories about the Origins of the Chinese Zodiac which explain why this is so. When the twelve zodiac signs are part of the 60-year calendar in combination with the four elements, they are traditionally called the twelve earthly branches. The Chinese Zodiac follows the lunisolar Chinese calendar and thus the "changeover" days in a month (when one sign changes to another sign) vary each year. The following are the twelve zodiac signs in order.[33] 1. Rat (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Water): Rat years include 1900, 1912, 1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008. The Rat also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rat are 11pm 1am.

Chart showing the 24 cardinal directions and the symbols of the sign associated with them.

2. Ox (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Water): Ox years include 1901, 1913, 1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009. The Ox also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Ox are 1am 3am. 3. Tiger (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Wood): Tiger years include 1902, 1914, 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010. The Tiger also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Tiger are 3am 5am. 4. Rabbit (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Wood): Rabbit Years include 1903, 1915, 1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011. The Rabbit also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rabbit are 5am 7am. 5. Dragon (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Wood): Dragon years include 1904, 1916, 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012. The Dragon also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Dragon are 7am 9am. 6. Snake (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Fire): Snake years include 1905, 1917, 1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013. The Snake also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Snake are 9am 11am. 7. Horse (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Fire): Horse years include 1906, 1918, 1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014. The Horse also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Horse are 11am 1pm. 8. Goat (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Fire): Goat years include 1907, 1919, 1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015. The Goat also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Goat are 1pm 3pm. 9. Monkey (Yang, 1st Trine, Fixed Element Metal): Monkey years include 1908, 1920, 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016. The Monkey also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Monkey are 3pm 5pm. 10. Rooster (Yin, 2nd Trine, Fixed Element Metal): Rooster years include 1909, 1921, 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017. The Rooster also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Rooster are 5pm 7pm.

Astrological sign 11. Dog (Yang, 3rd Trine, Fixed Element Metal): Dog years include 1910, 1922, 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018. The Dog also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Dog are 7pm 9pm. 12. Pig (Yin, 4th Trine, Fixed Element Water): Pig years include 1911, 1923, 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007, 2019. The Pig also corresponds to a particular month in the year. The hours of the Pig are 9pm 11pm.

17

The five elements

Wood: The wood person has high morals, is self-confident, expansive and co-operative, with wide and varied interests and idealistic goals. The direction associated with Wood is East, and the season is spring, which makes it the fixed element for the animal signs Tiger and Rabbit. Fire: The fire person has leadership qualities, dynamic passion, and is decisive, self-confident, positive and assertive. The direction associated with Fire is South, and the season is summer, which makes it the fixed element for the animal signs Snake and Horse. Earth: The earth person is serious, logical and methodical, intelligent, objective and good at planning. The direction associated with Earth is Center. The season for Earth is the changeover point of the four seasons. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Ox, Dragon, Goat and Dog. Metal: The metal person is sincere, has fixed values and opinions, is strong of will, and has eloquence of speech. The direction associated with Metal is West. The season for Metal is Autumn. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Monkey and Rooster. Water: The water person is persuasive, intuitive, and empathetic. The water person is objective and often sought out for their counsel. The direction associated with water is North. The season for Water is Winter. It is the fixed element for the animal signs Rat and Pig. The five elements operate together with the twelve animal signs in a 60-year calendar. The four elements appear in the calendar in both their yin and yang forms and are known as the eight heavenly stems. When trying to calculate the relevant year of the cycle in relation to the Western calendar, an easy rule to follow is that years that end in an odd number are Yang (representing masculine positive, and light), those that end with an even number are Yin (representing feminine, negative, and darkness).[]

Notes
[1] Mayo (1979), p. 35. [2] Arroyo (1989), p. 27. [3] Bobrick (2005), p. 10, 23. [4] Johnsen (2004). [5] Discovering the Universe Neil F. Comins (2009)p. 14, 15. [6] Rochberg (1998), p. ix. [7] Sachs (1948), p. 289. [8] Astrology and The Four Elements by Charlie Higgins 1997. http:/ / accessnewage. com/ Articles/ astro/ HIGELEMS. HTM [9] Robert Pelletier & Leonard Cataldo Ibid p 43-44, 1984; Maritha Pottenger, Ibid, pp 38393, 1991 [10] Arroyo (1989), pp. 30-34 [11] Hone (1978), p. 42 [12] Glyphs from the alchemical symbology. [13] Arroyo (1975) [14] Arroyo (1989), p. 29. [15] As used in Sepharial's "The Manual of Astrology"-Brazilian edition (1988) by Editora Nova Fronteira S/A, Rio de Janeiro [16] Hone (1978), p. 40 [17] Arroyo (1989), p. 30 [18] Hone (1978), p. 75 [19] Hone (1978), p. 22

Astrological sign
[20] "Rulerships." Carol Wills 2007. astrologynow.com 25 Nov.2007. http:/ / www. astrologynow. com/ carolwillis/ Rulerships. txt [21] Hone (1978), p. 21. [22] Glossary of Astrological Terms. Logos, Asaa 19982004. 26 Nov 2007. http:/ / logosastrology. dk/ glossary. htm [23] Hone (1978), p. 144 [24] Accidental Dignity. Astrological Dictionary 19982007. gotohoroscope.com. 26 Nov 2007. http:/ / www. gotohoroscope. com/ dictionary/ astrological/ 5. html [25] Hone (1978), p.87 [26] Hone (1978), p.88 [27] "An Introduction to Astrology." Spiritsingles.com 25 Nov.2007. http:/ / www. spiritsingles. com/ Astrology/ aboutAstrology. cfm [28] Rudhyar (1943) [29] "The Signs and the Houses", by Robin Armstrong, RASA School of Astrology 2009 http:/ / www. rasa. ws/ index. php/ rasa-library-articles-signs-and-houses[30] "I Ching: The Sequence of Change", by Robin Armstrong, RA Publications 2009 http:/ / thewakingdream. net/ index. php?option=com_content& view=article& id=1392& Itemid=1551 [31] Sutton (1999) pp. 7492. [32] Sutton (1999), p.168. [33] Theodora Lau, Ibid, pp 28, 305, 604, 8894, 11824, 14853, 17884, 20813, 23844, 27078, 30612, 33844, 2005

18

References
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Astrological symbols Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=556974535 Contributors: 2602:306:CE65:C2F0:9847:B26:756:D0CF, Astrologist, Barticus88, Caerwine, Celique, Celtic Minstrel, Clinkophonist, Crissov, Dbachmann, DenisMoskowitz, E0steven, Earthere, Flameless, Frater5, Funandtrvl, Fuzzypeg, GVP Webmaster, Garrielow, Gorobay, GrzegorzWu, Harvestdancer, IdLoveOne, J.delanoy, JamesFox, Javitomad, John Carter, Jor, Killerserv, Klippa, Krishnachandranvn, Kwamikagami, Lexicon, Luokehao, Macalves, Manisero399, MaxErdwien, MuZemike, Murriemir, Nephsam, Novangelis, Nyttend, Oreo Priest, Pierre Virgo, Pinethicket, RandomCritic, Redtigerxyz, Rick7425, Ridan, Rursus, Ryan.brownell, Saberlotus, Samuel Grant, Samuella, Sfan00 IMG, Shaunmoss, Starcartographer, Stephen Burnett, Sundar2000, TAKASUGI Shinji, Tangent747, Thnidu, Timwi, Tonyfaull, UtDicitur, Wassermann, Wiki-uk, Woohookitty, Zbayz, Zerokitsune, Zntrip, 146 anonymous edits Astrological sign Source: 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File:Astrological_Chart_-_New_Millennium.JPG Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Astrological_Chart_-_New_Millennium.JPG License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Cflm001, Gerbrant, Jkelly, Kordas, Liftarn, Maksim, Samuel Grant, 4 anonymous edits File:Astrologia-tynk.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Astrologia-tynk.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Hautala, Theoteryi, Waldir, WolfgangRieger File:Old symbol for sun.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Old_symbol_for_sun.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: self File:Uranus symbol.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Uranus_symbol.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Lexicon File:Uranus's astrological symbol.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Uranus's_astrological_symbol.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Lexicon File:Simbolo di Vesta.svg Source: 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License
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