CHEMISTRY

Oxidation Number Exercise

Rule 0 Rule 1 The following rules are in the form of a hierarchy; that is, the first stated rule takes precedence over subsequent rules if a conflict arises. The oxidation numbers for all the atoms in a neutral molecule must add up to 0. Similarly, the oxidation numbers for all the atoms of an ion must add up to the charge of the ion. (You are expected to recognize polyions. For the common polyions, know their charges and their names. A summary of the common polyions appears at the end of this exercise. The first step is, always, to determine what polyions are present.) The oxidation number of elements in the elemental form is 0. (Note - this rule is a direct consequence of rule 1. How so?) The oxidation number of any monatomic ion is the same as its charge. (See comment in 1a.)

Rule 1a Rule 1b

Exercises - Give the oxidation number for the following atoms: O2 S8 N2 Co2+ Cl! O= 0 S= 0 N= 0 Co = +2 Cl = !1 F2 Cl2 Al Mn2+ Cr3+ F= 0 Cl = 0 Al = 0 Mn = +2 Cr = +3 Hg = +1 ClF2! SF62! Cl = +1 S = +4 _

2+ I3! I = !1/3 Hg 2 Rule 2 Fluorine has an oxidation number of !1. NaF Na = +1 IF3 I = +3 SF4 S = +4 PF3 P = +3

PF5 OF2 Rule 3

P = +5

PF63!

P = +3

W2F93! W = +3 F= 0

NF3 N = +3 O = +2 F2 The metal of groups IA have an oxidation number of +1 The metal of groups IIA have an oxidation number of +2 Sc, Y and Al have an oxidation number of +3. Exercises - Give the oxidation number for the following atoms: Na2O Na = +1 Na2O2 O = !1 KO2 NaOH CaC2 MgF2 NaPF6 Na = +1 C = !1 Mg = +2 P = +5 ScH3 H = !1 LiH MgH2 MgSF6

K = -1/2 H = !1 H = !1 S = +4

CaMgO2 O = !2 RbO2 LiBF4 O = -1/2 B = +3

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The metal of groups IA have an oxidation number of +1 The metal of groups IIA have an oxidation number of +2 Sc, Y and Al have an oxidation number of +3. Exercises - Give the oxidation number for the following atoms: Na = +1 Na2O2 O = !1 KO2 Na2O NaOH Na = +1 ScH3 H = !1 LiH Rule 3 CaC2 MgF2 NaPF6 Rule 4 C = !1 Mg = +2 CaMgO2 O = !2 RbO2 O = -1/2 MgH2 MgSF6

K = -1/2 H = !1 H = !1 S = +4

P = +5 LiBF4 B = +3 Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with elements on the right side of the periodic chart (non-metals) and a !1 when combined with elements on the left side of the periodic chart (metals). Exercises - Give the oxidation number for the following atoms: HCl Cl = !1 I = !1 P = !3 As = !3 O = !2 HF UH3 H2SF6 ScH3 OH! F = !1 rule 2(why) U = +3 S = +4 Sc = +3 O = !2 NaOH NH4+ NH3 HPF4 O = !2 N = !3 N = !3 P= +3

HI PH3 AsH3 H3O+ Rule 5

Oxygen has an oxidation number of !2. (Note: Your knowledge of the polyions is now needed. Co(ClO)2 Co = +2 Cl = +1 Na2O2 Na = +1 O = !1 Cr = +6 +2 +1 Co = +2 O = -2 O = ! K = +1 AgNO3 Ag = +1 H2SO4 ClO4! S = +6 Cl = +7 N = +5

CoCrO4

Mg(OH)2 Mg = RbO2 Rb

KMnO4= Mn = +7 OF2 KO2 IO2! F = !1 K= +1

NH4OHN = !3 IO3! I = +5

O=

K2Cr2O7 Cr = +6 BrO2! Br = +3

I = +3

Zn(NO2)2 Zn = +2 Rule 6 Rule 7 Rule 8 Group VIIA atoms have an oxidation number of -1. Group VIA atoms have an oxidation number of -2. Group VA atoms have an oxidation number of -3.

Exercises - Give the oxidation number for the following atoms: PH3 BF3NH3 Co3N2 HCN P = !3 B = +3 Co = +2 C = +2 CH3NH2 MnCl4 NCl3 POCl3 C = !2 Mn = +4 N = +3 P = +5 CN! W2Cl93! KSCN V3N4 C = +2 W = +3 C = +4 V = +4
UPS 2

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NH3 HNO3 MnO2

N = !3 N = +5 Mn = +4

As2O5 N2H4 CrCl3 N2O AuO Fe3O4 FePO4 FeS ScAsO4 H2CrO4 S2O32-

As = +5 N = !2 Cr = +3 N = +1 Au = +2 Fe = +8/3 Fe = +3 S = !2 As = +5 Cr = +6 S = +2

SiF4 PCl6! Cr2O72! N2O5 CuSO4 Fe2O3 SiO2 NaHCO3 NH4OH H4P2O7 MgC2 K3FeO4 Al2O3 I3! NaHSO4 B4O72! P4O10

Si = +4 P = +5 Cr = +6 N = +5 Cu = +2 Fe = +3 Si = +4 C = +4 N = !3 P = +5 C = !1 Fe = +5 Al = +3 I = !1/3 S = +6 B = +3 P = +5

AgCH3COO Ag = +1 Au2O Os2O5 FeO H2S Au = +1 Os = +5 Fe = +2 S = !2

AuHCO3 Au = +1 SO3 Cl2 S2Cl2 S8 S = +6 Cl = 0 S = +1 S= 0

Cr2(CO3)3 Cr = +3 BO2! RbO2 Th4H11 B = +3 O = !1/2 Th = +11/4

Ag2CrO4 Ag = +1 RbH H = !1

Na2HPO4 P = +5 P4O6 OF2 Ce(ClO3)2 P = +3 F = !1 Ce = +2

Eu3(PO3)2 P = +3 BeF2 Be = +2

O = +2 Cl = +5 Fe = +2 C = +4 N = !3

Fe(MnO4)2 Mn = +7 NaSCN S = !2

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