JUST

REPHRASING
Rewrite the sentences. Make the necessary changes, but the meaning has to be the same. 1. Susan works with Michael. Her brother is a good friend of mine. Susan, 2. The doctors think that the patient will survive. The patient 3. Nobody appreciated Thomas in spite of his wealth. Although 4. I cant wear these jeans. Theyre too old- fashioned. These jeans 5. You must obey your parents, our teacher said. Our teacher insisted 6. There were too many people at the disco. Thats why we left so early. We left so early 7. The students will never forget what Professor Jones had done for them. What 8. I prefer swimming to sunbathing now. Id 9. You should cut down on fatty food. Youd 10. Why dont we have dinner at home just for a change? How about 11. My parents made me finish my homework before going out. I 12. You mustnt drink alcohol unless youre 18. Drinking 13. The boss gave Paul a lot of responsibility. Paul

14. Patrick didnt understand you because your explanation wasnt clear enough. If 15. First we bought the necessary food. Then we cooked a fantastic dinner. Before 16. If Sam doesnt stop talking in class, hell be punished. Unless 17. I havent emailed Terry for a long time. Its 18. You must go home, Peter. Its time 19. We dont have to take the school bus. We neednt 20. Whats the length of the river Thames? How 21. Sally ate a lot of fast food when she was young, but she doesnt now. Sally 22. Sorry, Meg, I didnt find your keys. Alice apologised 23. Due to the bad weather, we decided to stay at home and play cards. Since 24. Will you have dinner with me tonight, Louise? John 25. The company made a huge loss. However, only a few workers have lost their jobs. In spite of 26. You always complain about doing the housework, which is a nuisance. I wish 27. Its believed that banks are responsible for the global economic crisis. Banks 28. It was unfair of Paul to accuse me of being always late for work. Paul accused me 29. I hate working long hours. If only 30. Has everybody finished this exercise? The teacher

 1. Two of his teeth were broken in a fight. HAD He .. broken in a fight. 2. He went to the bank to get some money. SO He went to the bank ... money. 3. As soon as I reached the station the train arrived. SOONER No .. the station than the train arrived. 4. I dont suppose you can help me with my homework? Jim said to me.WHETHER Jim wanted to know .. with his homework. 5. She looked like she was going to cry. IF She looked .. to cry. 6. You will be late for school unless you leave now. IF You will be late for school . now. 7. I want to have a party, but my flat isnt big enough. WISH I . big enough for me to have a party. 8. Its a pity I didnt go to that party. WISH I .. that party. 9. Why dont you make an effort to improve your life? WISH I .. an effort to improve your life. 10. She stayed up late because she wanted to finish some work. SO She stayed up late some work. 11. Her feet hurt because her shoes were too tight. SO Her shoes were .. her feet hurt. 12. The party was successful and we all stayed very late. SUCH The party was .... we all stayed very late. 13. Daniel hasnt locked the doors yet. BEEN The doors .. yet. 14. He started painting fifteen years ago. BEEN He fifteen years. 15. The question was so difficult that I couldnt answer it. TOO The question to answer. 16. Paul is the most careful driver of all. AS No one else .. Paul does. 17. Ben is smarter than Steve. AS Steve . Ben. 18. The last time she went her grandmothers house was three months ago. BEEN She .... her grandmothers house for three months. 19. Axel is mending the broken table. BY The broken table . Axel. 20. Mr. Burns is employing more staff. He wants to expand his business. THAT Mr. Burns is employing more staff his business. 21. We took a camera. We wanted to take some photographs. THAT We took a camera .. some photographs. 22. When he first saw her, she was sitting alone on a bench. BY When he first saw her, she . on a bench. 23. I find people dropping litter disgusting. THAT I find .. disgusting. 24. Hes got little patience with young children. MUCH He .. patience with young children. 25. There are only a few people who can speak Hungarian. MANY There .... can speak Hungarian.

 M I X E D R E P H R A S I N G 2 A C T I V E & D I R E C T S P E E C H

PASSIVE ACTIVE
Rewrite the sentences into the active voice: 1. When was Shakiras latest CD released? When 2. The fire is said to be caused by a ray. The police 3. Sams getting his car repaired tomorrow. The mechanic 4. The competition has been cancelled by the members of the Olympic committee. The members 5. These letters must be typed by 2 p.m. The secretary 6. This wine is exported to the USA. Wineries 7. Lots of vegetables were grown in this area before the casino was built. Farmers before 8. Can we have our breakfast served at 7 tomorrow? Can the waiter 9. The contract with the new Managing Director will be signed next week. The company 10. I have had my black jacket ironed. My wife 11. The film start is being interviewed on the red carpet. The reporters 12. Nothing has been heard about Mikes promotion. We 13. A powerful sports car is advertised on the media nowadays. Ford 14. When is the meeting by the Democrat candidate held? When 15. A popular actor is said to have crashed into a tree. Magazines 16. A passport is needed to travel abroad. People

REPORTED DIRECT SPEECH

Rewrite the sentences into direct speech. 1. Pam suggested cooking pasta that night. 2. Sue asked Peter if he was going to study at university the next year. 3. My brother refused to lend me 10 and he added that he didnt trust me. 4. Carl said he had lost his library card the week before. 5. The security card told us to open our bags. 6. Mum wanted to know who I was going to the next Saturdays party with. 7. Andrew told me that he would propose to Mary the following month. 8. Daniel asked Meg how much her new laptop had cost. 9. The policeman ordered Peter to turn his mobile off. 10. I advised Pam not to eat so much ice cream. 11. Jill commented that the new teacher had given them a lot of homework. 12. The nurse told the patient to take his medicine. 13. My brother offered to give me a hand with my translation. 14. Pam didnt agree to come around that night. 15. The receptionist remarked that Dr Jones would be away for a week, so I couldnt make an appointment with him. 16. I asked Tim to get some fish & chips that night.

too or enough / so or such

1. The coke was so cold I couldnt drink it. The coke was too... 2. That house isnt cheap enough for me to buy it. That house .... 3. The story was too good to be true. The story was so .... 4. He's such an exciting dancer that everybody wants to see him. The dancer.......... 5. My sister is not old enough to go to pubs. My sister is too.... 6. The thief ran so fast that the police couldn't catch him The police.... 7. It was such a boring lesson that I couldn't help yawning. The lesson... 8. We couldn't go swimming because it was too cold. It was........ 9. The TV volume was so high I couldn't hear what you said The TV volume was too... 10. It was such an interesting book that I read it three times The book... 11. The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down. It was....... 12. Jane was not fair, in fact she knew she was wrong, but she didnt accept it. Jane was so........... 13. He was such a boring speaker that nobody paid attention to what he said. The speaker .... 14. She is too unpleasant to be the leader. She is not.... 15. The button was so tiny that nobody could see it. It was........ 16. James is so rich that he could buy anything. James............ 17. The trousers were too short for him. The trousers weren't...... 18. The train was so slow that everyone complained. It was........ 19. He was driving too carelessly to avoid the accident. He 20. The students are not interested enough to concentrate. The students 21. Shes too shy to make a speech in public. Shes 22. He didnt work fast enough to finish on time. He worked 23. Some people are too impatient to be good teachers. Some people 24. We didnt get up early enough to catch the train. We got

nouns, verbs and adjectives preposition

Many nouns, verbs and adjectives are used with particular prepositions: we say dozens of, die of, afraid of, and also ability at, apologize for, pleased with. There are not many rules to help you choose correctly in these cases, so you have to learn each expression separately.

Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Choose from the list below. at in of with from to for into about between on after
1. Are you interested _________ poetry? 2. I wont go out! Im afraid ________ spiders! 3. My handwriting is different _________ my mothers. 4. Mrs. Clark is very fond _____ classical music. 5. The 7.30 train was crowded ______ people! 6. She is very good _______ foreign languages. 7. Sometimes Julia is a bit jealous __ her Mum. 8. I need a change in my life! Im totally bored ______ my life! 9. Sara is excited _____ going to Paris. 10. Michael is brilliant _____ playing chess. 11. Mum was angry ______ me. 12. Parents are responsible ____ their children. 13. My dress is similar ____ yours. 14. My personality is different ______ yours. 15. Anne was angry ____ not going on holiday. 16. Mary is fed up _____ her job. 17. Thomas is keen _____ playing chess with his father. 18. I am fully aware _____ my duties. 19. Men are hopeless _____ ironing! 20. Sam is a little short _____ money. 21. Your quick response has prevented me ____ falling. 22. That man over there reminds me ____ somebody I know. 23. Alice got married _____ Henry. 24. Sara is used ____ waking up early. 25. There has been a worldwide increase ____ the unemployment rate. 26. The babys reaction _____ the vaccine was extremely alarming. 27. There are many advantages _____ living in the countryside. 28. My opinion differs ______ yours. 29. There are some differences _____ British English and American English. 30. Were you invited ____ the party? 31. Theres a slight connection ____ her illness and the food she has been eating. 32. Its so typical ____ him to offer roses! 33. You dont need to help me! Im totally capable _____ doing the job myself! 34. Dont shout _____ me! It was not my fault! 35. You dont need to shout ___ me! I can hear quite well. 36. Sally complained ____ her mother _____ Peters behaviour. 37. Im looking _____ my purse. I dont know where I left it. 38. Im looking _____ my two-year-old cousin. 39. Susie is applying ___ her new job this week. 40. Ive just read a book __ teenage depression. 41. Take good care ____ yourself! 42. Would you please translate this ____ Portuguese? 43. Kevin has succeeded ____ his job.

VERB Differ Insist Interfere

Suffix-ENCE

Meaning

ADJECTIVE Minor Possible Difficult Moral Curious

Suffix ITY

Meaning

VERB Suffix-TION Meaning Connect Distort Organise Correct Attract Contribute Because we want you to know more... Pollute Reduce Donate Satisfy Dictate Imagine Appreciate VERB Suffix-MENT Amaze Excite Require Move And some more Govern Employ Measure Embarrass Disappoint VERB Divide Decide VERB Employ Consume Observe Teach Learn Suffix-SION Meaning

ADJECTIVE Suffix NESS Meaning Happy Light Polite Sad Good And morebecause we care about you Empty Weak Ready Ugly Bitter

ADJECTIVE Strong Long Warm Wide

Suffix TH

Meaning

Meaning NOUN Partner Member Dictator Relation Friend NOUN Violin Journal Science Physics Terror Suffix- SHIP Meaning

Suffix-ER

Meaning

Suffix-IST

Meaning

Use a lot of adjectives and adverbs in order to make your description lively!
Describing People a) The introduction where you state general facts about the person, saying when, where and how you first met him/her. State the reason for choosing this person. b) The body (2 paragraphs) in which you describe their physical appearance, personal qualities and/or hobbies/interests. Start a new paragraph for each topic Describing Places a) The introduction where you give the name and location of the place or building and/or the reason for choosing it b) The body (2 paragraphs) describes the main aspects of the place or building in detail for example, when you describe a place you should describe what you can see and do there. Start a new paragraph for each topic Describing Objects a) The introduction where you give the name of the object and/or the reason for choosing it Describing Events / experiences / thoughts a) The introduction in which you give name, time, place, and reasons for celebrating

b) The body (2 paragraphs) where you give an accurate picture of it. Your description should include information about size, weight, shape, pattern or decoration, color, origin and material as well as many special features. Start a new paragraph for each topic c) The conclusion includes your comments/feelings and /or a recommendation concerning this object

b) The body (2 paragraphs) in which you describe the preparations and the actual event in separate paragraphs. Use past tenses to illustrate those you attended some time ago.

c) The conclusion in which you express your personal attitude towards the person

c) The conclusion includes your comments/feelings and /or a recommendation

c) The conclusion which includes peoples feelings comments or final thoughts about the event.

Describing Places: Types of places: the country, the country-side, outdoors, the seaside, a beauty spot, a tourist spot, a tourists paradise/attraction, the beach, a historic monument , a ruined place, a world famous sight, the site of battle (sight = view; site = place) Adjectives for places: remote, imposing, superb, easily accessible, inaccessible, peaceful, interesting, memorable, awe-inspiring, world-famous, off the beaten track, little/much visited, tourist-ridden, beautiful, picturesque, isolated, breath-taking, pretty, bustling sleepy, lively, sparsely populated Describing People: interesting, shy, diffident, pushing, overbearing , talented, lonely, sociable, likeable, a pest, intelligent, introvert, extrovert, approachable, unapproachable, businesslike, humble, timid, practical, impractical, a good mixer, a good conversationalist, anti-social, retiring, a sport, a snob, a bore, a know-all, difficult, arrogant, shrewd energetic, conceited, modest, brash, self-confident, lazy, ambitious, easy-going, strict, cunning.

Introduction What are you describing? Body 2 paragraphs Characteristics of the person, object, place or event. Each paragraph must deal with a different aspect! Use a lot of adjectives and adverbs in order to make your description lively! Conclusion What makes this special? (personal impression or opinion)

When describing people you may want to include

Physical appearance Personality, character Attitudes, behavior Interests, hobbies, profession Your personal impression / opinion

When describing places you may want to include

Location Physical characteristics, atmosphere Special attractions The culture and people in the place Historical details Your personal impression / opinion

When describing things you may want to include

Physical appearance Origin (where it was made) Use Your personal impression / opinion

When describing events you may want to include

The setting where and when it happened PAST TENSES What happened in chronological order Your impression or opinion about it Composition topics 1. Describe a person who influenced your life 2. Describe your city to your cousin in Australia 3. Describe your vacation with your family in Israel or abroad 4. Describe your last class trip 5. Describe your birthday party 6. Describe a special gift you got for your birthday. Now its your turn! Choose your topic.

7. Describe your first day in high school 8. Describe a sport event, a performance, a rock concert you have been to Pay attention to the sample essays.

The Person Who Influenced My life

A person who influenced my childhood most was my father. He brought me up to sensitive, cheerful, sensible as well as trustworthy person. My father, Jack, is of medium height in his early fifties. Moreover, he is slim and has got short grey hair, but he is becoming bald. My fathers face is round and friendly-looking. Jack has small blue eyes, which are very nice, as well as long nose and small ears. He tends to wear casual clothes like jeans and T-shirt. My father is an incredibly sensitive person, who helps everyone who needs it. Yet this help is disinterested. Moreover, my father is so generous that he wants to share what he possesses with others. Furthermore, I could talk with him about my problems because he is trustworthy and he keeps my secrets. What he does not tolerate is lie. He has always told me that the worst thing is when we dont tell the truth. To sum up, Jack is the most important person in my life. Thanks to him my childhood was so good and pleasant.

Welcome to Bohol, Philippines!

Have you ever been to Bohol? Let me tell you about this place which attracts many tourists. It is an island located in the south near the province of Cebu. If you come from Manila, you can either take a plane or a cruise liner to get there. Aside from its pristine white-sand beaches and the Chocolate Hills, Bohol's tourism assets also include centuries-old churches and towers. You can find there magnificent scuba diving havens, majestic falls and caves and historical landmarks. Yet the primitive and exotic fauna and flora is something you dont want to miss. There are many things you can do there to make your holiday enjoyable. For example, you can take a boat to bring you to one to these islands where you could buy fresh seafood or eat in a floating restaurant. You can also take a dive or have a swim in the clear blue sea with the amazing shorelines. In addition, the local people are very warm and friendly so they will be happy to take you to various interesting places. In short, if you are looking for the perfect vacation to relax and enjoy yourself, this is the place for you.

The Bungee Blast

One summer vacation I went to a surfing spot in South Africa, called Seal Beach. There I found the perfect thing to do, Bungee Jumping! I had never done it but I had always wanted to. The Bungee area was up on a bridge surrounded by trees, big rocks, and hills all over. On the way up to the bridge I got a little nervous. When I got there, I was so scared my knees were about to give up on me. Then the owner came out and asked me my age. He weighed me and measured my height too. Afterwards , he strapped on a huge weight to my ankles. It was so tight I could hardly feel my toes. Then he attached a gigantic bungee cord to the end. Last but not least, I had to wear a bright yellow helmet to protect my head. Now it was time to jump. The owner told me to jump when he said go. He also gave me some useful advise on not to look down. As soon as he said that I looked down. What I saw was a big river and sharp jagged boulders. I closed my eyes and when I opened them the owner started counting. One, two, three, go! I jumped off and my heart felt like it was about to jump out of my chest. Then, I opened my eyes and everything was upside-down. I bounced up once or twice and thats it.

Eventually, as soon as I got back to the bridge I knew I had done it. It was the greatest feeling ever. Who ever thought I was afraid of heights?!

The Opening Paragraph - As long as I live, I will never forget.... - This was the most incredible / amazing / wonderful/fascinating / unforgettable experience. - This was a once in a lifetime experience.

The Body of the Composition Description of people - He is / was an exceptional man. - He / She has made a strong impact on me. - I appreciate his / her special characteristics. -. Everybody appreciates the efforts made.... - He / She does his / her job efficiently. - He / She enjoys an outstanding reputation. - It's quite rare to come across such a unique person. . The Body of the Composition Description of Experiences - It was a unique adventure. - It was an unusual experience. - It was an exceptional experience. - It was an unforgettable experience

Popular adjectives exciting interesting fascinating magnificent incredible boring imaginative creative unique exceptional extraordinary

To describe view amazing scenery scenic views magnificent sights outstanding view breathtaking spectacular To describe weather Warm Stifling Humid Moist Chilly Freezing To describe food Tasty Delicious Extraordinary Spicy Exotic Scrumptious

The Closing Paragraph - This memory will stay with me forever. - The memory of that remains very much alive. - Although years have passed, I still remember.... - . .. have / has exceeded my expectations. Useful Expressions - feelings of elation - feelings of relief - sense of fulfillment - a great accomplishment - overcome challenges / obstacles - exceed my expectations - allocate more time to - break the routine - achieve the goal

WRITING COMPOSITIONS: For and Against composition

When we write a for and against composition, we want to show both advantages and disadvantages and we conclude by giving our personal opinion.

OPENING Present the general topic in an impersonal way. DON'T GIVE YOUR OPINION

- Some people love ____, whereas others prefer __. This depends on their age, jobs, hobbies and how they grew up. - ________ is a controversial topic. Some people say that ___, while others claim that_____.

BODY Present the advantages and the disadvantages in two paragraphs. Give examples

LIST ADVANTAGES - The most important advantage of ____ is - The biggest advantage of _____is _______ - One of the main advantage is _______ - An additional advantage of _______ is _____ CONNECTORS TO LIST AND ADD POINTS In the first place, / Secondly, /Thirdly / In addition to this / Moreover, /Furthermore, / Besides, / Finally,

LIST DISADVANTAGES - The main disadvantage of ______ is ______ - The most important drawback of ___ is ____ - Another disadvantage of _____ is ______ - One major disadvantage of ______ is _____

CONNECTORS TO MAKE CONTRASTING POINTS On the other hand, / In spite of / Nevertheless, / Even though / However / Although / Despite / Despite the fact that /

TO INTRODUCE EXAMPLES For example / For instance / Especially / Particularly / Such as / In particular / Like

CONCLUSION - In conclusion, ___ has / have both advantages and disadvantages. If, however, I had the choice, I would choose ____. - In conclusion, although there are two sides to a coin, I believe that ___ - To sum up, __ not only have / has advantages, but they also have / it also has disadvantages. I strongly believe / as I see it, _______. CLOSING Add concluding comments and GIVE YOUR PERSONAL OPINION.

CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE CONCLUSION In conclusion / In short / To sum up / In brief / Lastly / Finally / All things considered, / On the whole / Taking everything into account, / As was previously stated, /

WRITING COMPOSITIONS 2 An opinion composition

When we write an opinion essay, we express our personal opinion on a particular topic. We want to convince our reader that our view is the best.

OPENING - In my opinion, __ is one of the most important issues today. OPENING STATE THE TOPIC EXPRESS YOUR OPINION CLEARLY EXPRESSIONS FOR GIVING OPINIONS In fact, in my opinion / It is clear to me that / As I see it / I personally believe that / With this, I mean / There are other reasons why I disagree with this statement. I think / From my point of view /

BODY Support your opinion with facts, examples and reasons. Include a new idea in each paragraph.

BODY - I believe / think / feel that ________ - It seems / appears to me that _______ - As far as I am concerned, ______ CONNECTORS TO LIST AND ADD POINTS In the first place, / Secondly, /Thirdly / In addition to this / Moreover, /Furthermore, / Besides, / Finally,

- In my opinion / view ___ - My opinion is that ____

CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE CAUSE Because / Since / As / Seeing that / Due to / because of /Owing to / On account of

CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE RESULT As a result, / Therefore / As a consequence / Consequently / For this reason, /

CONCLUSION STATE YOUR OPINION AGAIN Offer a solution or a warning.

CONCLUSION - Therefore, in conclusion, it it clear that this topic is food for thought but I have some reasons to believe that _______ - In conclusion, the issue of _____ should be regarded as an important topic.

CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE CONCLUSION In conclusion / In short / To sum up / In brief / Lastly / Finally / All things considered, / On the whole / Taking everything into account, / As was previously stated, /

Greetings

Dear ., Hi , Introduction Thanks for your letter. It was great to hear from you Im glad to hear that .. Im just writing to Sorry I havent written for so long Thank you so much for .. Thanks a lot for .. I was so sorry to hear that Closing It would be great to hear from you Thats all for now. Must go now! Give my regards to Keep in touch. Cant wait to hear from you Take care. Looking forward to hearing from you Please write soon. Regards, Best wishes, All the best, Bye for now. Love,

Physical Appearance tall / short / average thin / slim / well-built, overweight /fat black / brown / ginger / fair blonde / curly / straight / balding in his /her teens / in his / her fifties / in his /her early/mid /late thirties teenaged / middle-aged / elderly . Personality aggressive / nervous / shy patient / competitive / generous /selfish / mean / polite / enthusiastic / tolerant /easy-going rude / careless / frank talkative / quick-tempered kind / sense of humour fascinating / pleasant / funny sensitive / bossy / ambitious considerate / mature / responsible / honest / sensible / possessive / jealous / imaginative .

Geograhical Features Adjectives

Culture

Beach / coast Peopl e Friendly / mountain / valley temperamental sea / lake / river affectionate major / ancient sophisticated historic / old / cold / polite industrial / tourist class-based cosmopolitan / coastal, arrogant medieval church / cathedral / mosque / a fountain / a port musems, theme park / a monument / a statue / harbour markets / castles / temple / a square / an art gallery

TIME EXPRESSIONS WHICH SHOW WHEN THE EVENTS HAPPENED Before / after / while / when / As soon as / by the time / until / During / yesterday / last week / A week later / It all began when Suddenly SEQUENCE EXPRESSIONS WHICH SHOW THE ORDER OF THE EVENTS. At first / first / in the beginning / To begin with / next / then / later Meanwhile / in the end / finally Eventually.

has both advantages and disadvantages. There are both advantages and disadvantages to On the one hand On the other hand In contrast Moreover, furthermore Firstly / secondly / ... In the first place / second .. In conclusion / to sum up In short

In my opinion / As I see it / It seems to me that / I think / feel / believe that I (dont ) agree that Personally It is true that I also think that In addition, .. Secondly, thirdly, In conclusion, To sum up All in all,

a little / a bit / slightly / fairly/ quite rather / really / very / extremely /

a delicious/ tasty food an exciting /entertaining / movie an absorbing / an informative / fascinating book. a pleasant /an enjoyable trip a skilful / fine player a useful / helpful advice Others: great / wonderful / lovely and excellent

an unpleasant / disgusting smell a dreadful / severe weather an unpleasant / a frightening experience a terrible / serious accident a wicked / an immoral person Others: terrible / horrible / awful an awkward / an embarrassing situation

(Vocabulary from Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary)