CHIPUL MAICII DOMNULUI DE LA HRBOV

N COLECIA DE ICOANE DIN PATRIMONIUL

MUZEULUI NAIONAL DE ISTORIE A MOLDOVEI
Adelaida Chiroca
Printre icoanele mariale, vestite n lumea ortodox, se nscrie i chipul celebru al Maicii Domnului de la Hrbov (fig. 1). Renumit prin darul
su fctor de minuni, dar i printr-o iconografie
deosebit, icoana s-a rspndit prin mprejurimi
i dincolo de meleagurile basarabene prin multiple copii, devenind obiect de nchinare pentru
cretinii ortodoci de pretutindeni. Acestea mai
pot fi vzute i astzi n lcaele sfinte din ar i
de peste hotarele ei. Icoane cu acest remarcabil
chip al Fecioarei, se pstreaz deasemenea n colecii muzeale i particulare. n urma cercetrilor
efectuate am nregistrat icoane cu chipul Maicii
Domnului de la Hrbov n mai multe instituii
ecleziastice: mnstirea nlarea Domnului
din s. Japca, raionul Floreti (fig. 2), adus aici
pe timpul stareului Ieronim (1868-1871)1, biserica de var de la mnstirea Noul Neam (fig. 3),
pictat la sfritul sec. al XIX-lea2, biserica Aco1
Anume prin strduinele acestui stare s-a cptat n mnstire Sfnta icoan fctoare de minuni, copia celei de la Hrbov. Tot pe timpul lui Ieronim Heppner, din suma jertfit de
enoriai s-a mpodobit Sfnta Icoan a Maicei Domnului cu
vemnt aurit i pietre scumpe (Puiu 1919, 75-76). n registrul inferior al icoanei, sub compoziia marial, este nscris un
text n cinci rnduri, n limba rus, despre cine i cnd a pictat
aceast icoan, precum i n ce an a fost adus ea la mnstirea Japca. Textul de pe icoan sun n felul urmtor: 33
3 3 3 U
1858/1859
3 U
U C i. 1863 U
3 3 U 3. B 1869
3 10 3 3
3

. 1869 3 12 3. Pe
candela deasupra icoanei s-a pstrat deasemenea inscripia:
h
h 3 h
3. 3 10 3 1868 .
h 3h
.
2
Din mrturiile printelui Alexei, clugr de la mnstirea
Noul Neam, aflm c, n anul 1962, odat cu nchiderea acesteia, unul din enoriai a ascuns icoana, pe care a pstrat-o

Tyragetia, s.n., vol. VII [XXII], nr. 2, 2013, 387-402.

permntul Maicii Domnului din s. Srcova, raionul Rezina3 (fig. 4, 5) sfritul sec. al XIX-lea nceputul sec. al XX-lea, biserica Tuturor Sfinilor
(fig. 6) din cimitirul de pe strada Armeneasc din
Chiinu, de la nceputul sec. al XX-lea, catedrala Schimbarea la fa din or. Bolgrad (fig. 7 ),
considerat o copie fidel a icoanei originale, care
a fost adus aici la nceputul n anul 19224, mnstirea Schimbarea la fa din or. Tatarbunar,
mnstirea Sf. Arhanghel Mihail din or. Odesa
(fig. 8), druit acestui complex monastic n anul
1994 de ctre Mitropolitul Odesei i al Ismailului, naltpreasfinitul Agafanghel5, mnstirea
nlarea Domnului din or. Teplodar (Ucraina),
adus n dar n anul 2005, de starea mnstirii
Sf. Arhanghel Mihail din or. Odesa, maica Serafima, biserica Sf. Parascheva din satul Furatovca (fig. 9), regiunea Odesa, nc. sec. al XX-lea.
Una din icoanele Maicii Domnului de la Hrbov
este astzi o icoan de altar la mnstirea Sfnta Treime din s. Mramor, nu departe de oraul
Topolovgrad, Bulgaria, adus aici n dar de locuitorii or. Bolgrad6. O icoan veche cu chipul Maicii
Domnului de la Hrbov, ce dateaz cu sec. al
toat perioada pn la redeschiderea mnstirii. n anul 1989
icoana a fost ntoars mnstiri, unde o putem vedea i astzi
n partea dreapt a naosului.
3
n biseric din satul Srcova se pstreaz dou icoane cu
acest chip al Maicii Domnului. Aducem, pe aceast cale, mulumirile noastre colegului I. Caminschi, primarului satului
Srcova, Nadejda Cioban, pentru amabilitatea de-a ne trimite
imaginile icoanelor.
4
http://missia.od.ua/articles/in-form/1397-vosstanovleniespaso-preobrazhenskogo-sobora-v-gorode-bolgrade.html:
5
Aceast icoan difer mult de toate celelalte. Majoritatea icoanelor sunt zugrvite n stil realist i doar icoana de la mnstirea Sf. Arhanghel Mihail din or. Odesa ne propune un alt stil
de interpretare. Dup cum se poate vedea, icoana este foarte
bine pstrat. Or, icoanele timpurii, ajunse pn n prezent,
sunt mai mult sau mai puin degradate, au urme de arsur,
cocovire etc. Este o copie fcut de pe model sau de pe o alt
reproducere? S admitem c icoana reprezint o copie. Atunci
apare fireasca ntrebare de ce aceste reprezentri ale Fecioarei sunt att de rare i de ce astfel de imagini nu s-au pstrat
i n ara noastr? Mulumim pe aceast cale colegei noastre
Natalia Mateevici, precum i Eugeniei Regina de la Muzeul de
Arheologie din Odesa pentru fotografierea acestei icoane.
6
http://www.svandrei-sofia.info/patepisi/290909_Ustrem.pdf

387

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II. Materiale i cercetri

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kolokol.php?id=2618.

The image of Our Lady of Hrbov from the collection of icons of the National Museum
of History of Moldova
Abstract
The six icons from the collection of Marian icons from the National Museum of History of Moldova represent the
image of Our Lady of Hrbov. Of these, three are large processional ones and the others are smaller, home icons.
The techniques of their manufacture are different: from tempera and oil on wood and gilding with gold leaf to chasing the fish glue gesso and enamel paints. All these icons are Russian and Bessarabian and are dated from the end
of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
As is known, the appearance of the icon of Our Lady of Hrbov in the monastery dates from the late 18th century and is connected with the name of a Russian officer Nikolai Albaduev. Sources indicate that it was a family
heirloom, handed down from generation to generation. In the monastery it proved to be a miracle-working icon.
Multiple copies of it have spread in Bessarabia and beyond, and soon the image has become widely known as the
icon of Our Lady of Hrbov.
On April 17, 1859 the Holy Synod has recognized its miraculous properties and approved the requests of Chisinau
residents, allowing annually, from October 1 to April 17, with a procession to transfer the icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the monastery to Chiinu.
This image is of the Hodegetria type. The image of the Virgin is presented till the knees; she holds the Child on
her left hand and points at him with her right hand. The Savior blesses with his right hand, and in his left hand he
holds a scroll. Their heads are inclined to each other. The distinctive elements of this type of Marian iconography
are the outstretched more than usual right arm of the Savior, his light shirt with a belt, sad face of the Virgin and
floral decoration of her garments.
List of illustrations:
Fig. 1. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov.
Fig. 2. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Ascension Monastery at the village of Japca, Floreti District.
Fig. 3. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Noul Neam Monastery of the Holy Ascension, Slobozia district.
Fig. 4. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the village of Srcova, Rezina District.
Fig. 5. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the village of Srcova, Rezina District.
Fig. 6. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Church of All Saints in the Armenian Cemetery in Chiinu.
Fig. 7. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Saviors Transfiguration Monastery in Bolgrad, Ukraine.
Fig. 8. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Archangel Michael Monastery in Odessa, Ukraine.
Fig. 9. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the St. Paraskeva Church at Furatovka village, Odessa Region, Ukraine.
Fig. 10. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Cathedral of the Holy Great Martyr Theodore the Tyron in Chiinu.
Fig. 11. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the Cathedral of the Holy Great Martyr Theodore the Tyron in Chiinu
(painter Ioan Protcenco).
Fig. 12. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, from the Assumption Monastery at Hrbov.
Fig. 13. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-22918-3).
Fig. 14. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-22918-11).
Fig. 15. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-22918-44).
Fig. 16. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-22642).
Fig. 17. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-14736).
Fig. 18. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov, the NMHM collection (FB-1540).
Fig. 19. Icon of Our Lady Ilinskaya Chernigovskaya from the St. Trinity Monastery of St. Elijah in Chernihiv,
Ukraine.
Fig. 20. Icon of Our Lady Chernigovskaya Gefsimanskaya from the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, Sergiyev Posad,
Russia.
Fig. 21. Icon of Our Lady of Trigorie from the Holy Transfiguration Monastery at the village of Trigorie, Ukraine.

400

A. Chiroca, Chipul Maicii Domnului de la Hrbov n colecia de icoane din patrimoniul MNIM

Fig. 22. Icon of Our Lady of Barkolabovo from the Ascension Monastery at the village of Barkolabovo, Belarus.
Fig. 23. Icon of Our Lady of Lublin from the Monastery of the Miracle of Archangel Michael at Chonae (Chudov
Monastery) in Moscow, Russia.
Fig. 24. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov.
Fig. 25. Icon of Our Lady of Hrbov from the St. Vladimirs Cathedral in Kiev, Ukraine.

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401

II. Materiale i cercetri

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30.03.2013
Adelaida Chiroca, Muzeul Naional de Istorie a Moldovei, str. 31 August, 121-A, MD-2012 Chiinu, Republica
Moldova

402