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N. [From Annals of Lyceum of Natural History of

F.,

Vol. V.]

CATALOGUE OF SHELLS
COLLECTED AT

PANAMA,
WITH

NOTES ON THEIR SYNONYMY, STATION,

AND

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.

BY
of

C.

B.

ADAMS,

001032, &*., in

READ BEFORE THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, MAY

lOra, 1852.

NEW YORK:
R.

CRAIGHEAD, PRINTER,
1852.

53

VESEY STREET.

PREFACE.

reader of the Introduction to this work, and of Dr. Gould's Introduction to his great work on the Shells of the United
States'

THE

Exploring Expedition,

may be

struck with the coinci-

dence of opinions relating to the geographical distribution of

species,

and

to errors in the statement of

their habitats

and
it

distinctive

characters.

The

coincidence

is

so

exact, that

might naturally be supposed that these opinions originated Such was their origin but that source was in a single source.
;

the book of nature.

It

was not

until after both Introductions

had been

written, that opportunities occurred for a free interIt is

change of views with Dr. Gould.

liveliest satisfaction that

therefore with the

we derive assurance of their correctness,

both from the extent and accuracy of Dr. Gould's knowledge and also from the coincidence of the results of independent
investigations.

With much pleasure I acknowledge my great obligations to JOHN H. REDFIELD, Esq., for his assistance in carrying this little work through the press. The delay in printing the first three
or four sheets was so great, that
it

became necessary

to

employ

another printer and to work off the sheets without revision by the author. Owing, however, to the accuracy of this printer,

and

to the care of Mr. Redfield, very few, if any, errors

worthy

of notice appear, which are not chargeable to the manuscript.

iy

PREFACE.
errors

have been detected, and if many more should not be discovered by others, we shall be agreeably disappointed.

Some

We
in

have, however, some confidence that they will not exceed magnitude those which we have endeavored to eliminate from

Conchological literature.

All are liable to error

but

it

may

be reasonably expected, that, as YD Astronomy rude approximations have been repeatedly corrected with successive advances
towards absolute accuracy, so in Zoology the errors respecting geographical distribution and the characters of species will be
real advance towards accuracy, howgradually eliminated. an be will ever small, ample reward for a labor which has been performed con amore.

For other valuable

Indices, I

assistance, especially in the preparation of

to

Esq. of the sheets having been issued while the work was in press, the dates at the bottom of the first page of each sheet may be taken for the dates of the publication of the new

have been indebted

THOMAS BLAND,

Some

species.

CATALOGUE OF WORKS REFERRED

TO-

[In respect of

works consisting of many volumes, of which only a few have been referred have cited these volumes and their dates only.]

to,

we

Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

" " "

Proceedings. 1849. Journal; old series, vol.

"
vol.

ii.
i.

1821.
1849.

"

new series, vol.

i.

Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York; Annals and Magazine of Natural History; vol. viii. 1851.

1824.

Annales des Sciences Naturelles; vol. xxvi. 1832; vol. for 1835. Annales du Museum; vols. xv., xvi. 1810; xvii. 1811. Annales nouvelles du

Museum;

vol.

i.

1832.

Verzeichniss der Conchylien, &c. 1839. Astrolabe, Voyage of: Mollusca. 1830-5.
:

Anton

Beechey's Voyage, Zoology Bligh Catalogue. 1822.

of.

1839.

Blainville: Malacologie et Conchyliologie.

1825.

Fauna Franchise
Bonite,
:

Mollusca.
;

Bonanni: Recreatio Mentis et Oculi, &c. Voyage of Mollusca. 1844?

:

Latin edition. 1684.

Born Testacea Musaei Ctesarei Vindobonensis. 1780. Boston Society of Natural History: Proceedings. 1849, 1851. British Museum, Catalogue of Anomiadee in. 1850.
Brocchi: Fossiles Subappenines. 1814. Brooke: Introduction to the Study of Conchology. 1825. Buffon: Histoire des Mollusques; vol. v. by De Roissy. 1803. Burrow: Elements of Conchology. 1825.

Chemnitz: Conchylien Cabinet

vol. iv.

1780;

x.

1788.

Chenu

Illustrations Conchyliologiques.

1840, 1843, &c.

Leons

Elementaires. 1847.

Children: Lamarck's Genera. 1823.

VI

CATALOGUE OF WORKS REFERRED

:

TO.

Crouch

Cubieres

Introduction to Lamarck's Conchology. 1826. Histoire des Coquilles.

Da

Costa

Elements of Conchology. 1776.

:

D'Argenville

La

Conchyliologie. "
"

1742.

1757.

1772.
1

Davila: Catalogue Systematique, &c. 1767.' Dekay: Report on the Zoology of New York. 1843.

Deshayes: Traite Elementaire de Conchyliologie. 1838.

Histoire Naturelle des

Animaux sans Vertebres, par

1835-45.
1818.

J.

B. P. A.

Lamarck; 2e
Do.;
edit, tert.,

edit., vols. vi.-xi.

Bruxelles. 1844.
x., xi.

Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles; vols.

Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle; vol. v. 1824. Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells. 1817. Dillwyn:

D'Orbigny: Voyage dans 1'Amerique Meridionale Mollusca. 1843-6. Duclos Histoire Naturelle, &c. ; Genre Olive. 1835.
;
:

"

Columbella.

Encyclopedic Methodique

vol.

ii.

1824.
vol.
ii.

Vers;

1830;

iii.

1832.

Eschscholtz: Zoological Atlas. 1833.

Favanne

D'Argenville,

La

Conchyliologie. 1780.

Gould: Expedition

Shells. 1846-51.

Invertebrata of Massachusetts. 1840.

Gray, Mrs.: Mollusca. 1850.

Gray: Descriptive Catalogue. 1832.

"

Spicilegia Zoologica. 1828.

Griffith: Cuvier's

Gualtieri: Index

Animal Kingdom Mollusca. 1834. Testarum Conchylioruni. 1742.

;
:

Guerin-Meneville

Magasin de Zoologie, &c.

vols. of 1833, 1835.

Hanley

Book of Species. 1842. Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells. 1844, teste Jay. Heck: Iconographic Encycloptedia ; edited by Baird. 1851.
:

Conchologist's

Humboldt
vol.
ii.

Recueil d'Observations, &c.

the Mollusca by Valenciennes

in

1833.

Jay: Catalogue of Shells

4th edition. 1850.

Kiener: Iconographie des Coquilles Vivantes. 1834-52. Knorr: Vergnugen der Augen und des Gemuths vol. i. 1757; Klister: Systematisches Conchylieri Cabinet. 1837-51.
;

iii.

1768.

CATALOGUE OF WOEKS REFERRED

Lamarck:
1818-22.
Histoire Naturelle

TO.
vols.

Vll
v.-viii.

dcs Animaux sans Vertebres;

Lamarck: Systenie des Animaux sans Vertebrcs. 1801.

Linnajus
:

Museum

Ludovicse Ulricas Suecite Reginse. 1764.

Systeiua Naturae; edit. 10th, vol. i. 1758. " " another 10th edit. 1760.
" " " " "

another 10th
edit. 12th. edit. 13th,

edit.

1767.

" "

1767.

by Gmelin. 1788.
1806.

Turton

edition.

Lister: Historia Conchyliorum. 1678. "

Dillwyn's
ii.

edit.

1688.

Martini: Conchylien Cabinet; vol.

1773;

iii.

1777.

Menke: Synopsis Methodica Molluscorum, &c. 1830.

Montfort: Conchyliologie Systematique, &c. 1810. Miiller: Synopsis Novorum Testaceorum, &c. 1836.

Penny Cyclopaedia;

vol. viii.

1837;

xxii.

1842.

Perry: Couchology. 1811.

Potiez etMichaud: Galerie des Mollusques, &c., du
Philippi: Abbildungen und Beschreibungen, Petit: Journal de Conchyliologie. 1850-1.

Museum

Douai. 1838.

&c. 1842-50.

Reeve
"

Conchologia Iconica. 1842-52.

Conchologia Systematica, 1841-2. Elements of Conchology. 1846-52. Revue Zoologique; vols. for 1838, 1840-2.

Roux: Iconographia Conchologica. 1828.

Say: American Conchology. 1830.
Schroeter: Einleitung in die Conchylien-Kenntniss, &c. 1783. Schubert et Wagner Supplement to Martini and Chemnitz. 1829.
:

Schumacher: Nouveau Systeme des Vers Testaces. 1817.

Sowerby, G. B.
:

Species Conchyliorum. 1830. Catalogue of Shells in the Collection of the Earl of Tankerville.

1825.

G. B.,
"

Jr.

Conchological Illustrations. 1841. Conchological Manual. 1839.

" Thesaurus Conchyliorum. 1842-52. James The Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells. 1824. Stark: Elements of Natural History vol. i. 1828.

"

Sulphur, Voyage

of.

1844.

Venus, Voyage of: Mollusca. 1846.

Wiegmann

Archiv

fiir

Naturgeschichte. 1839, 1840, 1844.

Vlll

CATALOGUE OF WORKS REFERRED

to

TO.

Wodarch: Introduction

Conchology; 4th

edit.

1831.

Wood:
" "
"

General Conchology. 1815. Index Testaceologicus. 1818.

" " "

Supplement

to.

1828.
to.

Woodward:

Hanley's Supplement Manual of the Mollusca. 1851. 1845-51.

18451

Zeitschrift fur Malakozoologie, &c.

Zoological Journal

London. 1825-35.

Zoological Society of London, Proceedings of. 1832-52. " " Transactions of; vol. i. 1835.

INTRODUCTION.

ON THE MARINE ZOOLOGICAL PROVINCE OF PANAMA.

Panama

is

situated near the middle of a well defined

marine zoological province. Perhaps none of the species of testaceous Mollusca, (to which part of the Fauna our remarks
are limited,) of 22
S. lat., or

which inhabit the neighboring seas, exist south north of 28 N. lat., or west of the Gallapago

Islands.

posed to
species

few examples of species, which are suphave a wider range, are more or less doubtful. Some
All of the

which inhabit the northern part of the province, and others which inhabit the southern part, may overlap the
boundaries between this and the adjacent provinces. But these species present only the usual difficulty in attempting
to define the limits of a zoological province.

The most
treme limits
species

definite

and satisfactory method of defining the

about 99 per cent, of the middle regions. Thus it will be

limits of this province, is to place the boundaries at the ex-

of

the range of
its

which inhabit

seen that several of the species which inhabit Panama also inhabit G-uaymas, in the Gulf of California, nearly in 28 N.
lat.
;

N.

lat.

but none of them inhabit San Diego, which is near 33 In the same manner the southern limit is found near

the boundary between Peru and Chili, between 22

S. lat.

and 24

The reason why the range

of the species south of the

equator is several degrees less than on the north side, is obvious in the Antarctic current, which sets along the west coast of South America. In like manner, on the eastern

Panama\Shells.

INTRODUCTION.

coast of North America, a polar current appears to extend the Arctic Fauna of marine shells to 41 N. lat., and the cold

current along the shores of the Middle and Southern States seems to limit the tropical Fauna to about 26 or 28 N. lat.

on the

coast, although on the east side of the Gulf Stream extends to the Bermuda Islands in latitude 32 N.
It will

it

number

of the species

be seen also in the following pages, that a large which occur at Panama were collected
Islands.

by Mr. Cuming at the Gallapago

But

if

any

of the

the number does not species occur in the Polynesian Islands, the specific identity in these cases or and exceed three four,
of the shells
is

very doubtful.

The western boundary

of the

Panama

province

may

therefore be

made

to include only the

Grallapago Islands.

Thus, in the language of one hypothesis, climate prevents and the the dispersion of the species to the north or south
;

Antarctic current setting over from the coast of Peru to the and Gallapagos, has favored their dispersion to those islands,

them from any farther is as favorable an illusthis westward. Perhaps dispersion tration as can be found of the doctrine of physical causes accounting for the distribution of the individuals of each species
the broad sea beyond has restrained

rom a

single centre.

Yet

this doctrine is obviously a

mere

If it be granted that these mollusks can travel hypothesis. coastwise until they find the waters too cold for them, it would still remain to be proved that they actually do so.

the sea to dispersion of the species over first at the Gallapagos, presents more difficulties than appear.

But the supposed

shells

The

of Cirrhopods which
far

adhere to floating wood,

;

have been often found

species of Pholas

out at sea

perhaps, too,

some
But

may

be distributed in this manner.

which such dispersion of the species generally can be accounted for is by an imaginary voyage of their spawn across the sea. The species, in those stages of growth which
the only

way

in

have been observed, are mostly restricted to narrow, vertical

JNTRODUCTION.
limits, out of

Panama

Shells.

which they never have been found.

these limits
of the species

With most

of the littoral species,

are

extremely narrow.

The following

is

list

which we collected at
Grallapagos,

Panama and Taboga, which occur

also at the

with a statement of their habits of station.

Cyprasa rubescens

under stones.

mud

sandy under stones, near low water mark. Planaxis planicostata ; under stones, between high water
;

Mitra

tristis ;

at the depth of 6 to 10 fathoms of

also

and half

tide level.
;

Purpura Carolensis
mark.

Columbella atramentaria

under stones, at low water mark. ; under stones, at low water

Columbella bicanalifera ;
water.

sandy mud, in 10 fathoms

Columbella hcemastoma Columbella nigricans and low water mark.

Ricinula Reeviana
Cassis coarctata
; ;

under stones.

under stones, between half tide

under stones, near low water mark.

in clefts of rocks, at low

; in crevices of rocks.
;

Oniscia tuberculosa

water

mark.

Conus brunneus ;

in clefts of rocks, at

low water mark.

Conus nux
fathoms.

; station

unknown.
to

Strombus granulatus; sandy mud, at the depth of 6

Turbinella cerata

under stones and in the crevices of

rocks, at low water mark.

Pleurotoma excentrica ;
fathoms.

coral sand, at the

depth of 6

Hipponyx radiata
mark.

attached to stones, near low water

Fissurella macrotrema

under stones, on the shore.

Panama
Fissurella nigropunctata
;

Shells.

INTRODUCTION

on stones and rocks, at and be-

low half tide

-

level.
;

Siphonaria gigas

on rocks near half tide

level.

Thus

it

appears that a larger proportion of the

littoral

than of the pelagic known species are common to the Gallathe pelagic species, pago Islands and the mainland and of
:

which are known inhabit moderate depths. Locomotion, therefore, beneath the sea cannot be assumed as a probable
all

means
If,

of dispersion.

however, the distribution

is

due

to dispersion

by the

floating of the

spawn westward, along with the prevailing

it is

winds and currents,

remarkable that there are no well

authenticated examples of clearly identical species which are common to the Gallapagos and to the Polynesian Islands.

In respect of species, which so nearly resemble each other as to be sometimes confounded, and which are by some authors
the "West regarded as varieties produced by local conditions, to the Panama Indies furnish as many of these analogues

There is, therefore, in Polynesia. species as have been found no reason for referring the Polynesian analogues to a continental origin.

to

such dispersion westward were a fact, then we ought find, as we go westward from the Pacific shores of America,
If

a continual accumulation of species.

full

For, in addition to the

region, there
If

complement of aboriginal species in any would be a per centage of immigrant species.

such dis-

much persion were a common fact, the Gallapagos should be richer in species than the continent, and the western regions
of Polynesia

and the Australasian Archipelago should contain

a great number of immigrant species in addition to their abr But there are no facts which correspond original Faunae.

with such hypotheses.

is

known, the Bay of Panama as rich in species as any region westward, with no more
So
far as is

INTRODUCTION.

Panama" Shells.

The number of species in than an equal variety of stations. any region appears to be connected only with climate and
variety of stations.
It is scarcely

necessary to consider the question, whether

of tropical
in

any

of the shells on the opposite sides

America

could have had a

some points common origin. Although the Caribbean sea and the Pacific approach within 40 or 50
line,
it.

miles in a direct

is difficult

to

imagine any adequate

means
If

of the intercommunication of living marine mollusks.

human agency had

transplanted any species,

we

should

have expected that the edible species would have been selected. The following are some of the edible Caribbean species, in the
order in which they have appeared to us in Jamaica to be

most commonly used Trochus pica, Pyrula melongena, Ostrea folium, Area Noe, (or an undescribed analogue of this
:

species),

Strombus gigas, Turbo

coelatus,

Avicula crocata,

At Panama, the edible species which we observed are same order, Area tuberculosa, Venus discors, Ostrea, the in
&c.

two

or three species,

Area grandis, Murex radix, Pyrula paif

tula, &c.

All of these are remarkably distinct,

If
it

we except

the Pyrulae, which are analogues.

should be supposed
origin, it will

that the analogues might have had a

common

be seen that the entire

portion of the rare or

list

of analogues comprises a full prospecies,

minute

which are not

likely to

have been noticed by the inhabitants.

Birds are

commonly

called in to aid the

imaginary dis-

persion of species.
able,

On

the Isthmus, the buzzards are best

them

with their extraordinary powers of flight, to transport but their habits of feeding are wholly at variance
;

with such a supposition. The water birds which feed on the marine mollusks are unknown to us. But if their agency has been effective, it is remarkable that we can identify only one
species,

sides of the Isthmus,

and that doubtfully, (Crepidula vinguiformis), on both and that the habits of this mollusk, at2

10

Panama

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.
it

render tached to dead shells within the aperture, accidents. those which are least exposed to such

one of

The following

is

list

of the principal pairs of analogues

might be of the very minute increased, especially by comparision in But the group, as it is, presents such a variety species.
which inhabit both sides of the Isthmus.

The

list

and characters, of habits of station, tenacity of respect of size all should owe to render it incredible that they life, &c., as
their distribution in pairs to a
tion.

common

occurs only Cyprsea cervinetta but a short low water mark of the spring tides, and lives time when removed from the water, and Strombus gracilior and the others live at or near low water mark
is

process of transportabeneath large rocks, at the

pelagic

In gene&c. on rocks, under stones, in sand, in fine mud, common stock is moreral the derivation of analogues from a

which are over inconsistent with the existence of analogues

other. antipodes to each
Panama.
*Jamaica.
;

Cyprcea cervinetta
Marginella minor M. sapotilla
; ;

C.

exanthema.

M. minima.

Mitra nucleola
Oliva araneosa
0. venulata
;

M. prunum. M. granulosa.
0. reticulata.

0. scripta.
"
;

Purpura undata

P. fasciata.
i

C. cribraria

Lam.

Columbella guttata
Cassis abbreviata
;

C. inflata.

Oniscia tuberculosa

0. oniscus.
;

Strombus

gracilior
;

S. pugilis.

Triton vestitus

T. pilearis.

Murex erosus
Pyrula patula

M. intermedius.
;

P. melongena.
all

* These Oarribbean species have

been collected by us

in

Jamaica.

INTRODUCTION.
Panama.
i

Panama

Shells.
Jamaica.

11

Turbinella cirstus

T. murioata.
;

Cevithium assimilatum
Fissnrella microtrema
;

C. terebellum.

F. sp. indet.

Area gradata
altior

A. Domingensis.
;

Cytherea squalida

C. maculata.

Capsa

C. Brasiliensis.
;

Tellina sp. indet.

T. bimaculata.

The number
the

of

known

species of shells
is

which occur

in

Panama

province, probably

not far from 1500.

The

actual

number

An

is undoubtedly much greater. examination of the catalogue of the species which

we

collected in the

show that nearly all the Panama, Bay very minute species are new to science, although most of the
of
will
shells

larger

have been described.

are as small as those

In

other

words,

the

species

which

which constitute a large

of regions,

portion of the conchological

Fauna

which have

been thoroughly explored, have been overlooked by previous This is by no means surprising, when we concollectors.
sider the great

number

of species,

and the abundance of

is

their
for

individuals,

which

are of a size that

more convenient

It is also accounted for in part by discovery and collection. minute the the fact that species in this region are much more

rare in individuals.

Yet the new

at

species,

which were

col-

lected in six

weeks

two

localities,

must be a very small

in this zoological proportion of those which actually exist of the undiscovered number the vince. therefore, Perhaps,

species

is

equal to that of the

known

species.*

* After describing nearly sixty new and rather small Pleurotomoid shells which had been collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur, Mr. Hinds observes, " when we reflect what multitudes of similar beings inhabit the recesses of the
globe,

brought to

beyond the reach of human observation, and which at rare intervals are * * it light, requires the boldest stretch of the imagination even to

bring within the comprehension an idea of the countless multitudes of organi.-ed beings of our earth, and all rich in some manner peculiarly their own, either in
color, sculpture, decoration, or

symmetry."

Hind's Zool. Voy.

Kttlpli.

Moll. p. 24.

12

Panama
On

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.

the Eastern side of the continent, a totally distinct

marine zoological province, which may be called the Caribbean province, occupies about an equal part of the earth's
surface.
It

has however, a

much
of

greater extent of coast, in

the great

number

of islands, and in the sinuous outlines of

the continent. province

is less is

The number

known

species of shells in this

not far from 1500.

The actual number probably

It is a

than in the Panama province.

remarkable fact

that the
vince
is

number

of rather large species in the Caribbean pro-

which occur on the other

but a small fraction of the number of such species side of the continent. Of the Ca-

ribbean species, very few occur north of the Bahamas, or south of Brazil, although, from various sources of error many of them have been reputed to inhabit England, and various
other parts of the world.

gous species in the

dissimilarity.

Although there are several analotwo provinces, in general there is a great

Concholog-ical Collectors in the

Panama

Province.

One
veller.

of the earliest collectors in this zoological province

tra-

was Joseph Dombey, the well known French Botanical

Dombey

arrived in Peru, on his botanical expedition,

in April, 1778.

He

is

quoted by Lamarck

for

eight

new

species of shells from Peru.

Baron Humboldt, and his companion, M. Bonpland, next made collections of the shells. In 1803 they were on the
coast of Peru,
collected

whence they sailed to Acapulco. Here they many species, of which eleven arc described by La-

marck

in the

Animaux Sans

Vertebres.

The

first

volume of

Recueil D'observations de Zoologie, &c., was published in 1811 but the second volume in which the shells are described by M. Yalencienres, bears the date of 1833.
Hurnboldt's
;

Of the 92
the 92
all

species mentioned 88 are described in

full,

and of
In

but 3 or 4 are said to inhabit this province.

INTRODUCTION.

Panama

Shells.

13

the case of several species however, errors have evidently Either the species must have been derived from crept in.
other regions and were given to the travellers as natives, or the
describer has confounded analogues.

The Columbella

rustica,

mentioned, with doubt,

testiculus, which

may

have been a C. fuscata.

the

Cassis

inhabits only

West

Indies,

Ranella

granifera, Pyrula, ficoides, Pyrula vespertilio,

and Solarium

granulatum, which inhabit the Indian ocean, are said to have been collected at Acapulco. Perhaps the ancient extensive

commerce between Acapulco and the Philippine

Islands

may

have introduced, into the dwellings, at Acapulco, specimens of East India shells.

supplement to "Wood's Index several species from the same province, and most of them were colfind in the

Next we

lected at

Panama.

In Feb. and March 1823, the Coquille (French) was at Callao and Payta. M. Lesson has enumerated 8 marine species of shells collected here,

none of which are identical with

our

Panama
But we

shells.

are chiefly indebted for a

knowledge of the

shells

of this region to the well

Esq.

This celebrated collector,

all

one-third of

the

was occupied
this province

in the

Hugh Cuming, who has in person collected species of shells now known to science, years 182730 in collecting the shells of

known

expedition of

and of adjacent parts of the Polynesian and

southwest American shores.

Besides previously known species, 400 new species were collected, of which a large majority were obtained at the Gallapagos and on the western shores of tropical America. His explorations comprised, in fact, the
this 2oological province, with the exception of its northern extremity. The description of the new species was commenced by the London Conchologists in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Feb. 28, 1832, and were continued
for

whole of

about four years, until the second and great expedition of

14

Panama

Shells.

this gentleman to the Philippines. Subsequently more of them have appeared in the Proceedings of the same Society r in Sow-

erby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, and

especially in

Reeve's

Conchologia Iconica. In these last

tats of
all,

two works, we

find the habi-

and the stations of most of the species collected by Mr. Cuming, so far as the genera have been monographed.

The laborious and productive

travels of the Chev. Alcide

D'Orbigny during the years 1826-33, comprise a portion of this zoological province. In July 1833, this gentleman
reached
the
Pacific

coast

at

Arica

the Ancles.
at Cobijo,

Embarking thence
Islay,

by a journey across on the 25th, he stopped?

Callao.

Arequipa,

and

Re-imbarking

here, this industrious traveller returned to

of Valparaiso.

Europe by

way

In the large quarto which D'Orbigny has devoted to the

Mollusca of South America,, numerous species of shells are described from the four marine faunae. Among them are

many which were

Cuming, and
others.

collected

by M. Fontaine, and by Mr. The tropical and the temperate marine

faunae of the west and east sides are

shown

to be entirely

distinct in respect of the Mollusca, of which

628

species are
to

enumerated there being only one species common

of these provinces.

any two

But

it

is

conjectured that collections

made near
sides

the southern extremity of the continent on both

might show that several species are there common tc the Atlantic and Pacific faunae. The species common to
both sides
at Callao.

Siphonaria Lessoni, found at Montevideo and Other species, however, are said, in the body of the
is

work, to inhabit both sides of the continent, as Bnlla striata* But in this case, analogous species may have been confounded.
Since Dr. Philippi has shown that several species had been!

confounded under this name, the specific types are found to be as local as most species are. D'Orbigny is s>ne of the very

INTRODUCTION.

Panama
who have

Shells.

15

few

travellers

collected

any of the very minute

shells of the tropics.

ration around the world.

In 1836-37 the Bonite (French) made a voyage of exploIn the summer of 1836 this expe-

dition touched at several places in the southern part of the

Panama

zoological

province,

as

far

north

as

Guayaquil,

whence the Bonite

sailed for the

Sandwich

Islands.

M. M.

Eydoux and Souleyet were the zoologists of the expedition.

The former gentleman
died of yellow fever at Martinique in

On
50

1841, before the results in this department were published. the Mollusca we have seen only a folio volume of about
plates,

without date and without

seen,

text.
is

The only

text of

the zoology which we have birds, with date of 1841.

on the

mammals and

the Sulphur, under Lieut.

In August, and during the remainder of 1836, H. M. S. Commander Kellett, visited Calfao

to

and Payta, and carefully explored the coast from Guayaquil Panama. Here Commander (now Captain Sir Edward)
Belcher arrived and took command, and in collecting shells was aided by Mr. Hinds, surgeon of the expedition. The

dredge was frequently used, and the cabin of the commander became a museum. Proceeding to the north, they visited nu-

merous places up

to

San

Bias, in

June 1837.

In the follow-

ing December, the Sulphur returned to the coast, and explorations were made from Acapulco to Cerro Azul. Again in the

and during much of 1839, collections were made in many localities. About 70 new species were described by Mr. Hinds in the Proe. Zool. Soc. of London, comlatter part of 1838,

mencing February 14, 1843 also in the Zoology of the voyand they have been included in age of H. M. S. Sulphur
; ;

monographs which have subsequently been published in London. In 1837 the Venus (French) was at Callao from May 24
to

June 3

from Nov. 25

to Dec. 6 at the
:

in the peninsula of California

Magdalena, from Dec. 12 to Dec. 18, at

Bay

of

16

Panama
;

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.
Jan. 8, 1838 to
;

Mazatlan

Dec. 21 to Dec. 27 at San Bias

;

Jan. 23 at Acapulco

May

10 to June 1 at Callao
to

June 5 to

June 17

at

Payta

June 23

July 3_at the Gallapagos.

The

Atlas de Zoologie of this expedition, (pub. 1846) contained 24 folio plates, of shells and mollusca. The text we have not
seen.

In 1839 the U.

S.

Exploring Expedition touched at Callao,

in this zoological province, that

which was the only place

visited

was

by the expedition. About 30 species of shells were collected, of which four new species have been described by
Dr.

Gould

in the Proceedings of the

Boston Society of Natural

History since 1846.

In the Zeitschrift fur Malakologie of Aug. 1847, Dr. K. T. Menke commenced a catalogue, with descriptions of the

new

species, of the

shells of Mazatlan.

These

shells

were

collected

by Mr. Henry Melchers

of

Bremen, who has spent

several years in Mazatlan.

Additions have since been

and up Mazatlan 173 catalogued

to the catalogue,

to Feb. (inc.) 1851, Dr.

made Menke has

species.

Of these 26

are described

new species, not including a few which were proposed as new but have since been identified by Dr. Menke with preas

viously described species,

At the present time Dr. Gould is engaged in the examination of species, which have been collected at various points between San Francisco and Mazatlan, These collections were

made by

Maj. William Rich, and Col.

E.< Jewett, U. S. A, ?

and by Lieut. Thomas P. Green, U. S. N. They are the more important, because they come from regions intermediate between two great zoological provinces, and we may hope there^
fore that Dr.
i'acts

Gould

Will show,

with as

much

precision as the

themselves will admit, the boundary between them. At a meeting of the Boston Society of Natural History, September 3, 1851, Dr.

Gould read

descriptions of 17

new

species of

Acophala from these frontier regions.

The

collections

INRODUCTION.

Panama

Shells.

17

by Lieut. Green merit especial notice. This officer collected more than 200 species, and carefully noted the habitat of the
specimens.

Of those which have been determined by Dr. Gould, and which were also found by us at Panama, we

have incorporated into the following paper the habitats observed by Lieut. Green. This collection proves conclusively that Upper California belongs to a distinct Zoological province. The shells collected by Nuttall in Upper California in 1836,

and described

in the Journ.

Acad. Nat, Scs. of Philadelphia,

VII, in 1837, confirm this inference.

cal with the species

None

of

them

are identi-

which inhabit Panama.

Narrative, of the Expedition.

home with the design of spending a few weeks on the Isthmus of Panama, and the remainder of the winter in Jamaica. Leave of absence not having o been
In November, 1850,
I left

granted until Nov. 6, the preparations were few and hasty. On the afternoon of the 13th I sailed from New York in the

Steamer Empire City, Captain

.1. D. Wilson,* and on the morning of the 22nd, landed at Chagres. Most of that day was A few shells were occupied in rambling about the shores.

bean

found of the same species, which occur throughout the Caribseas. But near Chagres the shores are too much exposed to

many species of Mollusks. In the afternoon, Captain Knight, his clerk, and myself hired a boat and started for The Cruces, where we arrived on the evening of the 25th.
* Since
it

sustain

must be confessed that American

naturalists find little

sympathy

with their pursuits among most of their countrymen of all classes, it affords me the more pleasure to acknowledge my obligations to the owners of the Steamer,
Messrs. J.

Son, for a passage to Chagres and to Capt. Wilson for various attentions on the voyage, and subsequently at the monthly visits of the Steamer to Jamaica. To Capt. E. Knight, agent of the Pacific Mail Steam Ship
;

Howard &

Co.,

and

my

travelling

companion across the Isthmus,

was

especially indebted

for unusual facilities in crossing, as well as for other aid.

Good company, and the

extraordinary beauties of nature, more than compensated for four days saturation
in

mud and water

during the

transit.

18
next day
at

Panama
we
rode to

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.

home

in the

Panama, where I soon found myself American Hotel.* Before 8 A. M of the next
,

Jay, shells had been collected in such quantity and variety, that, had nothing more been subsequently collected, the results of the expedition

would have seemed ample. The objects proposed to be accomplished, during a few weeks at Panama, were the following
:

1.

To make

collections for the

Museum

in

Amherst

Col-

lege. original plan had embraced the Crustacea, Radiata, and other animals, but the short time to be devoted to it, and

The

especially the

impossibility of

making

suitable

preparation
purpose,

during the few hours, which were allowed

rendered
it

for this

expedient

to restrict the objects

mainly

to the col-

lection of shells.
2.

second object was to ascertain, with the certainty

of personal observation,

what and how many

species of shells

exist at

Panama.

Having formerly

collected about

500 ma-

rine species in Jamaica, near the centre of the Caribbean Zoological province,
it

was thought

that a comparison of these au-

thentic materials would not be without interest.

These two

were the principal

3.

objects of the expedition.

subordinate object

was

to

make some

observations on

Mr. Cuming's the habits of the species, in respect of station. careful explorations had left but little to be added, but that
little is

therefore perhaps the

more valuable. This knowledge

such a

was

also a necessary preliminary to the acquisition of

quantity of specimens as would fully illustrate the varieties, which may exist within the limits of a species. But these
observations,

could not be extended to the pelagic species

on account of the enormous expense of boating consequent on

* With James
nection,

C. Staples,

Esq

the proprietor, an old acquaintance and con-

who with

his partner, myself,

and

all

my

Mollusks, occupied as

comfort

able an apartment as the place could furnish.

INTRODUCTION.

Panama

Shells.

19

the California travel.

Littoral explorations however, produce

a greater amount of results in a short time.

It

has become so fashionable to undervalue a knowledge o

is

of the shells of Mollusca, because the shell

only a part of

the animal, that

we

shall probably be censured for

having neg-

lected to observe the soft parts.

sumus, especially with only six denied that the existence of the species
tion

But non omnes omnia posweeks time. It will not be

is

sufficiently proved

by collecting the shells, nor that their geographical distribu-

may

be learned,

when we

nor that habits of station

may

ascertain where they exist, be learned without dissection,

although this

is

indispensable for some objects,

nor that the

recondite questions on the origin of the species are intimately connected with the facts of distribution and station, nor

even that the number of species in a given region and the abundance or scarcity of individuals are interesting features
in the plan of creation.

In short,

it

will not be denied that

the

sum

total of

fection of the whole rnay be better secured

labor.

Zoology consists of parts, and that the perby a division of

results,

"We hope therefore, that the following

not-

withstanding the magnitude of the deficiencies, will be regarded as somewhat better than the only alternative before us,
that of the stay-at-home collectors.
\

The

situation of

collection of shells.

eminently favorable for the At the head of an extensive bay, whose

is
it

Panama

waters well merit the appellation of Pacific,

stands also at

the head of a reef, which furnishes a great variety of station for the mollusks. Our hotel was within a minute's walk of
this reef.

In front of the city, the reef consists of ledges of trachytic rocks, with flat and concave surfaces, with gently in other parts extensloping, precipitous, or shelving sides
:

sive tracts are covered

with loose fragments of rock, the different sizes of which, and the different degrees in which they are buried in sand, or in which they have open spaces be-

20
neath,

Panama
accommodate a great

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.
in

diversity of species

some

parts, flats of

mud

or of sand prevail.
is

On
abound.
ledges

the west of the city

a very broad

gently sloping

beach of fine sand,

where

Oliva, Tellina,

Donax, and Artemis

find

Then proceeding westward we

of

alternating

trachytic and
or

basaltic

broad

muddy

half tide
lector

sandy flats, Here during the recess of the tide, the colfinds an agreeable shade, and gathers Purpurse and
level.

rocks, sand beaches, and with groves of trees a little above

huge

Littorinse

from the

trees,

and numerous species of Ve-

neridae, of Columbella, the little and elegant Yeritina picta,

and sometimes the massive Area grandis, among the sticks and moss-like Algae beneath. Three miles west of Panama
a Rio Grande enters the bay, and
ble thickets of
is bordered by impenetraand not mangroves impenetrable ooze. a of Panama is On the east side steep sand beach, atthe

bottom of which the

flats consist of

an impalpable

mud

of

creamy

consistence.

On

this fluid, Marginella sapotilla crawls

or rather glides rapidly about.

to the East, there are ledges of

Between two and three miles

smooth basaltic rocks, with abundant Littorinae, Fissurellae, and Siphonariae. Here too are marine groves, rising from a stony surface, by the side of

which a small rivulet comes in. At high water mark is a manthe grove thicket, beneath which in near proximity we find
Potamides, Area?, a large Cyrena, Potamomyse, and the elegant Auricula concinna, and over head is Littorina pulchra,

but almost as rare as beautiful.

little

farther up.

where the

water is nearly fresh, occurs the Neritina G-uayaquilensis, whose thin depressed elliptical shell attests its fluviatile habits, unlike the solid ellipsoidal shell of the marine N. picta.
In the

This diversity of station was multiplied by the high tides. office of the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., we saw it

recorded on a tide table, that the extreme difference of high

and low water had amounted

to

28

feet.

The ordinary

tides

INTRODUCTION.
are

Panama

Shells.

21

The difference beabout sixteen to twenty feet. tween the spring tides and the neap tides amounts to from four to six feet. Hence at the low water mark of two or three
tides,

once each fortnight, species of shells, as well as of Echinoderms and other animals, may be obtained, which can-

not be procured at any other time except by dredging. Other species live where every tide will leave them exposed to the
air for a short time.

to the ledges of rocks

All the way from low water mark, up where some species of Littorina live out of the reach of the highest tides, species are found, most of

which are limited

face in

to a

front of the city,

The survery narrow vertical zone. which is left bare by the recess of
Thus over
several

the tide, extends out half a mile or more.

square miles the secrets of the ocean may be explored. The bay of Panama contains several beautiful islands,

which

rise as steep

mountains directly from the water's edge.

One

of these is Taboga,* 12 miles from -Panama, from and to

daily.

which a small American steamer runs

We
The

made two
shores are

excursions of three days each to this island.

mostly steep, but sand beaches, ledges, and enormous frag-

ments of rocks, afford many favorable stations for the MolAt high water, a small island, on the northeast side, lusks. is cut off from the principal island, but at low water a high
ridge of sand unites them.

Here the elegant Conus Maho-

gani, Strombus Peruvianus, Natica otis, Corbulaovulata, &c.,

were found.
These varieties of station enabled us
of species in their proper haunts.
to find a

multitude

But

in addition to this ad-

vantage, the

hermit crabs (Paguridae) swarmed here, as

elsewhere in tropical regions.

Some
in

of the smaller species

have the habit of congregating

* This name
sometimes

heaps of

many hundreds
;

is

-written,

erroneously -we believe, Tabago

and

sometimes, in the publications of the London Conchologists, Saboga.

Panama
beneath stones.

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.

Many

to be culled over in the leisure

such heaps were collected in the mass, of home. To this source we

are wholly indebted for

many

species of shells, not a few of

which are in such a good state of preservation that we have

to regret

only the impossibility of describing the station of

these species. In these Pacific waters, not

of the collector can be

much

addition to the stores

made from

the drift shells.

Yet the

flow of the tides and a moderate surf brought several species

within reach.

Several of the bivalves, which live buried in

sand, and whose station eluded discovery, were thus obtained. But especially were we indebted to this source for the ex-

tremely minute species, several of which were not recognised until the conchiferous rubbish and sand had been assorted

with sieves and then carefully examined. From the natives we obtained but little

aid.

The

shells

of a few edible species vveie taken from heaps near their huts.

few species were obtained in a fruit shanty, which was The habitat of most of kept by an American on the Plaza.
these

was

verified

by subsequently finding them on the shores.

That of four

or five species

was

satisfactorily inferred, inde-

pently of the testimony, from the fact that no shells known to inhabit other regions were seen in the shanty, and that these species have been found by others in the same zoological province.

Those which were thus obtained are mentioned

accordingly in the statement of habitat.

In a few instances
the station differs
chieily to

it

will be noticed that our account of

somewhat from Mr. Coming's. This is due some species have, Thus severespecially with different circumstances of place. al of the species, which we found at the low water mark of
the considerable range which

spring

titles,

fifteen or

more fathoms.

were obtained by Mr. Cuming at the depth of The difference between such sta-

tions

is

obviously of

much

less

importance than that between

INTRODUCTION.
this

Panama

Shells.

extreme low water mark, where the air will but slightly reach the animal every fortnight, and that of a few feet higher,

whence the water wholly recedes twice every day. Having an opportunity
of shipping the collections,

which

filled

eight cases,

and the next morning

It

we wrote the bills of lading, Jan. 3, 1851, left Panama for Chagres and Jamaica.

was not
of

until

tination.

After assorting the shells,

Aug. 14 that the cases arrived at their deswe find 38.920 speci-

mens

376 species of Gasteropoda, 2.860 specimens of 139 species of Acephala, and 50 specimens of 1 species of Brachiopoda total, 41.830 specimens of 516 species of Mollusks.
:

The number

of specimens of each species

It is scarcely

is

mentioned in the
add 'that 'we have

following pages.
stated the total

necessary to

number of individuals, to give approximately an idea of the relative abundance of the species at the time and places mentioned, and not of such specimens as amateurs
would pronounce
good shells.' In the following catalogue our principal object, after the enumeration of the species, has been to collect the statement
of various Avriters concerning the habitats
species.
'

and stations of the

Where two names

and
is

of persons follow the habitat or

station, the first is usually that of the person

species,

followed by an exclamation

who mark

collected the
!

The second
(!)

name
single

is

that of the author

who

is

quoted.

The

after a
;

name

indicates that the author

was

also the collector

but the absence of this mark indicates that the testimony not original, whether one or more names are cited.
It will

is

be seen that

for a

knowledge of the stations we

are chiefly indebted to Mr.

Cuming.

In appending synonymy, we have quoted nothing. The references have been made chiefly as vouchers for the accu-

racy of the
errors.

names of the species, and as means of detecting subordinate object has been the convenience of

those friends

among whom

the duplicate specimens

may

be

24
distributed.

Panama

Shells.

INTRODUCTION.

We

have been under obligations, which we ac-

knowledge with much pleasure, to Dr. A. A. Gould, of Boston, and to John H. Redfield and Robert L. Stuart, Esqrs., of

New- York

City, for the use of books

of

also to the librarians

of the Boston

Harvard University, of the Acad. Athenaeum, Nat. Sciences, of Philadelphia, and to Dr. Henry Wheatland, of the Essex Institute in Salem chiefly have we been indebted
;

to the nearly

complete zoological library which Drs. T. B. and Edward Wilson have presented to the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia.

On Errors
Those

Respecting the Habitat of Species.

are
familiar

who
of

with

the
in

frequency
the the
habitats

and

the

errors, magnitude most celebrated authors

the

which

occur

works of
of

respecting

species, will not probably accuse us of presumption for the

little

ceremony with which we have treated such statements.

sufficient

Hearsay testimony has often been received without

In addition to the errors likely to occur in the verscrutiny. bal communication of statements respecting habitat, naturalists
at

home

are of course subject to all the mistakes

which the

original collectors

may have made.

These persons often mix

depend on memory

the collections

made

in various places, and

for the localities,

although they are often unable to distin-

guish the species

when

placed side by side.*

fear,

Another class of errors, we

of the writers themselves.

must be

laid to the

charge

When we

see a marine species

affirmed to inhabit the Mediterranean, Senegal, the Indian

Thus we have received from an intelligent shipmaster, who was accustomed to collect for a cotichologist, specimens of Cyclostoma^flavidum, with the positive assurance that they were collected in a spot well known to us, not far from
Kingston, Jamaica.
*

species occurs only in Porto Rico, while the locality in Jamaica contains a Cylindrella of similar aspect. may be allowed to mention

Yet the

We

also an illustration of the

manner

in

which mistakes of

locality

and not of species

INTRODUCTION.

Panama

Shells.

25

Ocean,
arise

New
is

Holland, &c.,

we may

often suspect the error to

more

or less from erroneous testimony.

But when one

species
are

referred to
to contain

two distinct zoological provinces, which

analogous but not identical species, we must sometimes suspect the author of confounding such species.
If indeed in these cases the difference of the local types

known

were

clearly distinguished,
or not the difference

it

would

be of

little

importance whether

were considered

to be of specific value.

But not even

has
of
all

after the

specimens are deposited in a collection

danger of error ceased.

misplacement of labels
secured,

or to

shells,

which are

not

properly

may

lead

erroneous statements of habitat.

For
that
is

all

these causes of error there

is

but one remedy, and

not infallible.

Rejecting the testimony of careless

and incompetent observers, and all hearsay testimony, we must rely on the testimony of competent observers. We may
hope
for

accuracy when they shall remember that a very few

essentially

errors

may

change the aspect of the plan of

all correct generalizations.

dis-

tribution, and prevent

A
of

great

amount

of valuable

materials,

for

interesting

generalizations on the

number and

distribution of the species

marine Mollusks, has been collected by public and private

expeditions.
of species

and of individuals

But when we consider the immense profusion in tropical seas, and the confu-

exhibited in the present literature of conchology, so that the plan of distribution is

sion of the habitats of

many

as

misrepresented,

that

which has been done only stimulates

in casual collections. By a singular coincidence, only a few days described Helix Redfieldiana (which proves to be H. Carmelita Fer.) that inhabits a limited district in Jamaica, a specimen was brought to New-York

may happen after we had

by a collector, who affirmed that he procured it in California. Subsequently the statement was repeated, but afterwards it \v;w recollected that the shell had been purchased iu Kingston, where the steamers stop oa their homeward voyage. 3

26

Panama

Shells

GEOGRAPHICAL

the curiosity to know more and to know more accurately. An expedition of circumnavigation, with the specific objectof investigating the distribution of the testaceous Mollusks,

through several tropical marine provinces, would accomplish more than the discovery of many new species it would de:

termine the distribution of a

much

greater number, in a

manner which would

justly inspire confidence.

Index of Places in the Pacific, which are mentioned in the Catalogue of

Shells.

Panama

Arapulco. A town and harbor, in Mexico it is the principal and beat port of Mexico on the Pacific; lat. 16 55' N.; Ions*. 100 54' W.
;

Annan.
lat.

An
;

island in Polynesia.

Probably Anna or Aana, or Chain Island

17

20' S.

long. 145

40'

W.

Arica.

In Peru.

Atacarnas.

seaport in Equador, on the Pacific.

The boundary between Upper and Lower California is near lat The waters of Upper California, therefore, belong wholly to the temperate Fauna, and those of Lower California almost wholly to the tropical Fauna. The Fauna of the Gulf of California is tropical, at least as far as Guayiuas. The importance in zoolo y of distinguishing between Upper and Lower California, in statements of habitat, is therefore obvious. New Albion was a name given by
California.

S3

N.

Sir Francis Drake, to an extent of coast

which includes upper California and Ore-

gon, and is ofien used more indefinitely. The port of Lima, capital of Peru lat. 1 2 2' S. long. 76 58' W. Callao. small bay on the coast of Guayaquil, next north of Cape Caraccas, Bay of.
; ;

San Lorenzo, between

teers which

and

S. lat..

It is

not mentioned in any of the Gazet-

we have

consulted.

It is also called
is

Manta Hay.

Central America.

This

nnme
9

used very indefinitely by some conchological

writers. It includes on the Pacific, only

Costa Rica, from about

lat.

N. to 15

Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, and N. The whole country was called Guatedepartment of Lima.

mala before
Charles

its

Cerro Azul.
I.

independence. A town in Peru,

in the

Chatham
Chili.

I.

One of theGallapagos, at the southwest part of the group. One of the Gallapagos, at the southeast part of the group.
northern boundary, about 24
tropic.il

Its

20' S.

lat., is

not far from the south-

ern limit of the

Chiloe.
lat.

Fauna.

large island in the southern part of Chili, between 42

and 44
lat.

S.

Cfiiriqni,

town
28'

in

Veragua, Central America, on the Pacific side;

80' N.; long. 83

W.

Panama
Columbia,

Shells.

27
S
lat to 8 '

Wt. New Grenada,

the South.

reaching from about 2

It fa f,

mcludmg Guayaquil on

IA*

equentl y writ(en

jjj

province of Central America, between Nicaragua on the north. and Vt-rngua on the southeast The Gulf of Nicova penetrates th< , w. tions it lies between about 8 30' and 10 40' N. lit CWa. A town on the coastof Peru; lat about
'

Costa Rica.

40' S.

/,&*. A

group lying

,,

nde r (he Eqnaior,

w iih

the

li

ne

Guacomayo.
Guayaquil.

In Centi'al America.

A town,

gulf,

<tc.,

in lat

'

1 1

"

of Montija

BaJ,

in

May.

In Peru.
Sc. of

Isthmus.

Panama.
town on the coast of Peru

e.

lat.

45'

S
the

nthewestsideof
Lobo*
I.

Near the coast of Peru,

in lat.

about 6

40'

^iynesia, in about 22 o S.

Bay
^Magaalena,
lat

of.

In

Lower California, on
'

the Pacific side,

,at about24

"To

A
20

"

MeXiC

the Cnt

rf-

Gulf of

California, in

lat

about

in the

0^ Guayaquil

lat

uth

^
and 10

-st

of the

Bay of

Muerte, hh O f.

In the

Bay

of

Ouayaqui
lat.

Mcoya, Gulf of.

Pacosmayo.

In Costa Rica,

between 9

Probably

in Central

America

28
Panama. 649',N.
in lat.
long.

Panama
A
town, province, bay,
<tc.,

Shells.
in

GEOG. INDEX.
The town
is in

New

Grenada.

lat.

821'\V.
In Central America, between Costa Rica and Nicaragua,

Papagayo, Gulf of. about 11N.

Payta. A town in Peru, in lat. 5 15' S. Peru. Occupying tlie Pacific shore from New Grenada to 8. lat. to 25 S. lat.

Chili,

from about 4

On the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. 1 10' S. Plata, of. Polynesia. Comprising mo4 of the tropical regions of the Pacific. Puerto Portrero. In the Bay of Guayaquil.
Puna, Punta
Quito
Isle of.
St.

Me

Elena.
In the

In the Bay of Guayaquil ; about 3 S. lat. cape on the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. about 2

10' S.

I.

Bny

of Guayaquil.

Real

Llfjys, or Realejo.
;

port in Nicaragua, serving as a harbor to Leon,

to rivers

lat.

1243'N.
ferred to
is

long. 87

Rio Grande.

W. name given
46'

many

by

the Spaniards.

The one

re-

a small stream near Panama.

Saboga. An error, for Taboga. Elena. A town- on the coast of Guayaquil, in lat. about 2 Salanao. On the coast of Guayaquil, about 1 30' S.
St.

S.

San San

la.
Diego.

A town on the west coast A town on the coast of

;

of Mexico,

lat.

about 22

N.

Upper

California, one league

from the
20' N.

southern boundary San Francisco. long about 122

lat.

33

12' N.; long. 116

53'

W.
;

The

principal port of

Upper

California

lat.

about 37

San Juan. A bay on the east side of Lower California, in lat. about 27 N. San Lorenzo. A cape on the coast of Guayaquil, about 1 S. lat. San Salvador. A city in Central America, on a river, twelve miles from the
coast; also an adjacent district along the coast.

Santa Barbara.
Sifc/ia.

In California.
lat.

An

island on the coast of Russian America, in

57

N.

South Seas.
to America.

An

indefinite

term

for

more

or less of the Pacific

Ocean adjacent

small island twelve miles southwest of Panama. Taboga. harbor than Panama, and is the depot of the Pacific steamers.
Tahiti.

It

has a better

The

largest of the Society Islands

lat

17

30' S.

long.

149

20'
lat.

W.

Toobouai.

A small
A

in Polynesian island, under the southern tropic,

about
40'

160

W.
Tumbez.

town near the northern extremity of the coast of Peru;

lat.

S.; long.

7951'W.

find the

between Costa Rica Veragua. The southeastern province of Central America, Isthmus of Panama.

Xipixapi.

A town on the west coast

of

New

Grenada

lat.

about

30'

OVULA.

Panama
Family
..

Shells.

29

M. Kiener's monograph of
in

this

genus contains

Thes. Conch., describes only 23 species, but Mr. Sowerby, 48 species, besides 4 from the west, coast of tropical America,

which were described

overlooked

in the Proc. Zool. Sue. Lund.,

1832, and

figured in the Conch. Illust., but

which seem

to

have been
in

when

his

monograph was published

1849.

Some

of Mr. Sowerby's habitats of the species are so compre-

hensive, that

we cannot

suppress the suspicion of some error,

either in the testimony on this point, or in confounding allied

species.

Especially are

we

perplexed by the habitat assigned

to ths well-known and very distinct Caribbean species, O. " collected at Panama Dr. Jay, gibbosa, by Mr. Gaming."

however, in the last edition

(copies
?)

of

his

catalogue,

mentions
of

the

same

habitat.

The general question

the
is

identity of

any

specific types

on both sides of the Isthmus

of so
all

much importance

as to require

careful scrutiny into

statements of such identity.

l.

Ovula arena.
Synonymy.

--

---Our
quoted.
Station.

Ovidum avena Sowb.

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 173.

Oct.

1832. 1830.

Mull. Synop. bov. Te4. Viv. p. 128. Sowb. Catal. Gyp. p. 17. No. 29. Sowb. Conch. Ill pi. 8. f. 59. - -

May
-

1841.
-

1841.

shells are

somewhat smaller than the

figure here

This

is

one of the species omitted in the Thesaurus.

found this Mollusk on a small species of Oorgona at the low water marlrof the spring tides.
'

We

Habitat.
ing
!

" In America Centrali, (Conchagua.)"

in Proc. Z. S.

Cum-

^Sowerby

30

Panama
"At Conchagua

Shells.
in

Mexico."

Cuming

Sow-

erby in Catal. Cyp. Mexico. Jay.

Santa Barbara.

E. Jewett
!

Gould MSS.

Panama.

C. B. A.

obtained six specimens on the reef at Panama. Th& If this is second quotation contains a geographical error.
copied by Dr. Jay,

We

Conchagua o

is

we have only two habitats, besides Panama. another name for the Gulf of Fo-nseca.
2.

Ovula emarginato.
Synonymy.

Ovulum emarginatum Sowb.

f.

Spec. Conch. Part

54, 55.

I.,

p. 7,

Nov.

1830.

Ovula emarginata Ovulum emarginatnm Sowb. The?. Conch,

39. pi. 99.
f.

GrayDesor. Catal. p. 19. No. 161. K:ener Iconog. p. 18. pi. 3. f. 2.

p.

June

1832.

479. No.

11. 12.
is

1848.

Of our three
volving
the keel
striae
;

perfect specimens, one

covered with fine re-

over

the whole of the back, not

all

excepting
in

another, over
is

but the keel, as in the

fig.

Sowb.

Thes.

the third

smooth over the middle portion, as in Kien-

er's figure.

Station.

Unknown.
Unknown.
Kiener.
St.

Habitat.

Sowerby

in

Spec.

Conch.

also

Elena.

Cuming!
Jay.
C.
!

Sowerby

in

Thes.

Coneh.
St.

Elena.

ft. A. " the In the Species Conchyli<>rum,Mr. Sowerby says, only this rare species I have seen is in Mr. Eland's of specimen

Panama.

collection."

We

were indebted to the hermit crabs

for six

OVULA.

Panama

Shells.

31

specimens, of which three are quite perfect. They were found on the reef at Panama. A fragment of a seventh was

found on the beach.

3.

Ovula Ncglccta.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather slender

dark violaceous red, sometimes with

lip
:

as light tinge of brown; paler on the

:

smooth, sometimes with microscopic revolving strioe aperture very narrow in the posterior three-fifths, wider anteriorly slightly produced at both extremities, and slightly emarginate anteriorly lip well
;

thickened, nearly straight along the middle

colurnella acu-

minate at both extremities, with a longitudinal impressed line, and a callus behind it. Length, .31 inch breadth, .1 inch.
;

This species resembles the

represented as
Station.

fig.

of O. rufa, Sowb, which

is

much

larger,

with a broader aperture.

see.

With O. avena, which

Panama.
C. B. A.
!

Habitat.

"We collected 13 specimens on the

4.

reef.

Ovula
:

Variafoilis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell very slender

rufous, with the lip

usually white, with a slight tinge of opaque white; sometimes of a rich red
little

purple: smooth: aperture not very narrow, a

anteriorly, moderately produced, effuse,

widened

and slightly inflected

:

posteriorly; obliquely emarginate anteriorily

lip

well thick-

ened

colurnella with a longitudinal keel, acute and obliquely

produced anteriorly, posteriorly somewhat biplicate. Length,

.54 inch
;

breadth, .15 inches.

is

This shell resembles O. inflexa, Sowb., but

der.

more

slen-

Perhaps on comparison of specimens, they

O. uniplicata, Sowb.,
is

may

be proved

identical.

larger,

with a wider aper-

ture.

32
Station.

Panama

Shells.
m;ir!c

At the low water

of the spring tides.

The

light colored

species

of

specimens were found on a cream-colored Gorgonia, and the purple specimens on a Gor-

Of 56 specimens, four are purple, gonia of the same color. and 14 are mature, and 42 immature.
Habitat.

San Juan, Lower

Mss.

Calif.

Lt.

Green!

Gould
Mss.

Purple

shells.

Santa

Barbara.

E.

Jewel.t

Gould

Pale, or moderately tinged with purple.

Panama. C. The 56 specimens were

Mr.
of Dulce.
5.

B. A.
all

taken on the reef at Panama.

of O. inflexion in the
*
Indet.

Cuming found one specimen

Gulf

Ovula

sp.

We
ble

abstain from describing this species, because the only

are immature.

two specimens which we have

O. variabilis,

They resem-

but the general form and the aperture are wider, and the shells are covered with excessively minute reExc- pt in being striated, they resemble O. volving striae.

inflexum Sowb.

They were found on

the reef.

to

appeared be rare atPanama, except, C. punctulata and C. cervinetta.

G.

CYPR JE^t.

Of the seven following

species, all

Cypraea arafoicula.
Synonymi/.
XVI.
I.

Cyprcca arabicula

Larn. in Ann. Mus.

100. No. 54.

1810.
1825.

Lam. An.
Gray

sans Vert* VII. 399. No. 54.

Aug. 1822.
1828.

in Zuol.

Journ.

78.
j.l.

Wood

Incl. Test.

Supp.
!

8.

f.

7.

13. G:-ay Dcscr. Catal. p. 3. No.

June 1832.
1833.

Valenc.

in

Humb.
111.

(C.
1.

Obs.
f.

II.

334.

S,.wb. Conch.

104.

77.
f.

1841.
3.

Kicncr Iconog.

125. p.

28. pi.

CYPR.EA.

Panama

Shells.

33

Cyprcca arabicula Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 534. No. 54. Desh. Ed.

1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

13.

f.

60.

Dec. 1845.

One

of our specimens,

which

is

large and very deeply col-

ored, has the dark

brown dorsal
It is

lines so confluent, as to re-

semble C. reticulata.
Station.

1.37 inch long.

Under stones; Cuming! Reeve. Our specimens were under stones, which were from about
eight
to twenty inches in diameter, at and just below the low water mark of the neap tides.

Habitat.

Western shores

of Mexico,
!

at

Acapulco

Hum-

boldt & Bonpland South Seas; Wood.

Lamarlc.

Acapulco; Humboldt & Bonpland Brazil Ravenel in Catalogue.

;

Valenciennes.

St.

Elena and Real Llejos Mexico Gray.

;

Sowerby.
Kiener.

Western shores
St.

of Mexico, near
!

Acapulco

Elena

Cuming
Melchers
Jay.
C. B.

Reeve.
!

Mazatlan
St.

Menke.

Elena
;

Panama

We

collected 7 specimens on the reef.

7.

Cyprsea cervinetta.
Synonymy.
var.
a.

Cyprcea exanthema
cervinetta

Gray
"

in Zool. Journ. I.

139.
"

1825.

var.

"

|8,

1825.

Kiener Iconog. p. 74. pi. 6. f. 1. 2. Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 547.

No. 71.

1844.
Sulph. p. 6
-

exanih'ma Hinds

in

Voy

1845.

cervus var. Reeve Conch. Icon.

Nov. 1844.

Mr. Reeve regards this species as merely a variety of C. cerBut the vus, and has well described its peculiarities of color.

34
more important

Panama
difference
is

Shells.

CYPRJEIDJE.

in its form,

which

is

scarcely dis-

Although there is a tinguishable from that of C. exanthema. in of these three species, it is of each coloring prevailing type
rather less constant than the form, so that C. cervinetta
is

someob-

times liable to be confounded with C. exanthema, until

serve the aperture, which
is
is

we

like that of C. cervina.

The

latter

ventricose, rather thinner, with the aperture dilated anteri;

orly

C. ccrvinetta
:

is

subcylindric, with the aperture as in C.

is

cervina

C. exanthema

subcylindric, with the aperture nar-

row anteriorly, and the

Station.

right lip

more bent upwards

anteriorly.

spring tides, not less than fifteen or twenty inches in diameter.

At and just above the low water mark of the this species was found under stones which were
Caribbean Sea, and shores of Senegal: Kiener. Indian Ocean ? Deshayes.
Indian Ocean
;

Habitat.

Jay.
of
:

les

Taboga C. B. A The words of Kiener are " Habite 1'ocean des Antilles et c6tes du Senegal." Since no authority is given for this ha-

Panama, and

I.

and since gross errors of habitat are common in Kiener's Iconography, we must be allowed to regard the statement as
bitat,

wholly erroneous.

Some

varieties of C.

exanthema, which

is

a Caribbean species, might be mistaken for C. cervinetta^ and But thus lead to the belief that the latter is also Caribbean. C. exanthema
is

exclusively Caribbean

C. cervinetta

we

believe occurs only in the

Panama

province, as

we have above

defined this province

and C. cervus probably belongs to the Polynesian zoological province. We have indeed received a specimen of C. cervinetta from the Sandwich Islands but at
; ;

these islands

it is

common custom
?) is

to collect shells to the species

to

from the

whale

ships.

The habitat assigned

1
''

by Des-

hayes (copied by Dr. Jay

hearsay testmony. " C. exanthema' found by Mr. Hinds at the Probably the

probably due

island of Muerte belongs to this species.

CYPR.EA.

Panama

Shells.

35

"We collected 115 specimens, mostly on the reef at Panama, but partly at Taboga.
8.

Cypraca pnnctulata.
Synonymy.

Cyprcca punclulata Gray Zool. Journ.

I.

387.

1825.
-

Gray Descr.
I.

Catal. p. 10.

No. 86.

June 1832.
1838-

Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.

484.

pi.

35.
III.

f.

11, 12.
f.

Sowb. Conch.

pi. 4.

20.

1841.

Kiener Iconog. Desh. in Lain.

HG3. No. 92.

p. 114. pi. 21. f. 2. An. sans Vert. X.

1844.
13.
f.

ReeveConch.Toon.pl.
it-

Cl.

Dec. 1845.

Specimens

differ

in size

and

color.

Very elegant
is

light

colored specimens occur rarely.

One

shell

1.3 inch long

and .88 inch wide

Station.

another

is .7

inch long and .48 inch wide.

!

Under stones

Cuming

Reeve.
see.

We
Habitat.

found

it

with C. arabicula, which

Unknown Potiez and Michaud. Panama Cuming! O Sovverbv also

;
;

Reeve.

New

Holland

Gray.

Shores of Peru and of

New
;

Holland

Kiener.

Panama

Deshayes

also Jay.
!

Panama, and I. of Taboga C. B A Gray and Kiener must be in error in citing New Holland as
a habitat of this species.

We collected

335 specimens, mostly

on the reef at Panama, and partly at Taboga.

9.

Cypraea pustulata.
Synonomy.

Lister Conch,

t.

710.

f.

62.

1678.

Schrot. Einl. Conch.

I.

140.

17831810.

Cypraea pustulata Lain. Ann. Mus. XVI. 101. No. 56.

36

Panama
I.

Shells.

Cijproea pustulata, Dillw. Catal.

469.
f.

1817.
63.
56.

Wood

Ind. Test. pi. 17.

1818.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 400. No.

Sowb. Gen.
Trivia
f.

Aug. 1822.
1824. 1825.
June. 1832.

5.

Gray in Zool. Journ. I. p. 513. Gray Descr. Catal. p. 16. No. 138.

Penny
Cijprcp.a

Sowb. Coneh.

Cyclop. VIII. 257. 111. 102. pi.

f.

1837.
71.

f.

1841.

Kiencr Iconog. p. 128. pi. 2. f. 3. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 15. f. 76.
.

Dec. 1845.

Chenu

Lee. Llem.

pi.
:

II.

f.

11. 12.

1847.

.6

Specimens differ much in size one is 1.04 inch long, and inch wide another is .55 inch long, and .33 inch wide.
;

But we have never seen

figure,

a specimen as large as

Mr. Reeve's

which

is

1.22 inch long and .73 inch wide.

;

Station.

UnJer stones

Cuming Reeve.
!

We found this species alive under large stones, at the extreme low water mark of the spring tides only.
Habitat.
Coasts of China, according to
pulco, according
to

Humphreys Lamarck Dillwyn.

;

Aca-

China

Wood.
;

Western shores of Mexico, at Acapulco boldt and Bonpland Lamarck.

!
;

Hum-

West coast of Mexico Say in Catal. Mus. Panama and Isle of Plata, Mexico; Sowerby.
Pacific Ocean Gray also Penny Cyclopedia. Western shores of Mexico, near Acapulco , Kiener. Isle of Plata and Panama, west coast of America
;
:

Curning Mazatlan Melchers

! ;

Reeve.

Menke.

Panama
The
error

Jay.
C. B.

Panama;

A!
an

citation of China, as a habitat of this species, is

due probably to hearsay testimony. The Isle of Plata mentioned by Sowerby and by Reeve is probably the island of

Panama

Shells.

27

that name, off the coast of Guayaquil, near Cape San Lorenzo, It is only 4 miles long and 1 1-2 broad. in latitude 1 10'.

Sowerby's reference to Mexico is unintelligible. Two specimens received by us from a German conchologist, are said
Mr.
to have

come from

Chile, but Ihis

is

We

collected 8 living specimens at the

a very doubtful habitat. end of the reef at

Panama, and 20 dead

10.

shells in the vicinity.

Cypraea radians.
Synonymy.

Davila Catal.

I.

pi-.

15.

f.

1.

1767,

Cyprcca radians Lam. Ann. Mus.

-

XVI.
pi.

102. No. 62.

f.

1810,

aniscus

Wood
Gray

Ind. Test.

17.

58.

1818.

radians Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 402. No. 62.

in Zool.

Aug. 1822.
1828. 1833.
June. 1832.
485.

Journ. III. 3G4.

Roc. Obs.
p. 16.
II.

Valenc. in

Humb.

335.

Trivia

GrayDcscr. Catal.

No. 137.
I.

Cyi'<xa

Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.

1838.

Sowb. Conch.

111.

pi.

119.

f.

146.
f.

1841.

Reeve Conch. Syst.pl. 286.

Kiener Iconog. p. 129.

146.
f.

1842.

23. pi.

3.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. X. 540. No. 62. Desh. ed. 1844.

pi.
f.

Reeve ConcL. Icon.

117.

Feb. IS46_

In the Supp. of "Wood's Ind. Test. C. oniscus has received by transposition the name of C. radians.
Station.

Under stones

Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.

Adriatic; "Wood.

Western shores of Mexico, at Acapulco boldt and Bonpland Lamarclc.

!

Hum-

Pacific

Ocean
;

Grav. *
!

Acapulco Humboldtand Bonpland

Chili
;

\ alencienne&,

Ravenel

in Catalogue.

Western shores
Chili,

of Mexico, near Acapulco; Kiener.

Western shores of Mexico; Potiez and Mi-

chaud.

38
St.

Panama
Elena
; !

Shells.

Gaming Reeve.
Jay.
Lt.

St.

Elena
;

Mazatlan

Green

Gould

Mss.

also

Mus

Essex

Inst.
!

Panama; E. Jewett

Gould Mss.

Panama

C. B.

Wood

is

obviously incorrect.
Chili.

It

may

be doubted also

whether the species inhabits only 2 dead specimens.

11.

We

found near

Panama

Cyprae^ rul>csccn,
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. i3oc.

Cyproca

rubesccns
-

Gray Reeve Conch.

Lond.
f.

p. 185.

Nov. 1832.
Feb. 1846

Icon. pi. 25.

141.

Station.

Under stones

Cuming! Gray:
;

also Reeve.
:

Habitat.

Gallapago Islands

Curning
\

Gray

also Reeve.

Panama

C. B.

We
east of

found 1 dead but perfect specimen on the beach next

Panama.
12.
'

Synonymy
Trivia sanguined Gray Descr. Catal.

Cypraea

p. 14. No. 119. Sowb. Catal. Cyp. p. 12. No. 115. Sovb. Conch. 111. pi. C. f. 32.

June. 1832.

1841.

1841.

Desh.

in

Lam. An. sans

Vert. X. 570. No. 102.

Desk

ed.
pi.

1844.
23.
f. f.

Reeve Conch. Icou.

127.

Feb. 1846.

Chenu
Station.

Lee. Elem.
'

pi.

10.

9, 10.

1847.

Under stones: Cumins:! O Reeve.

Habitat

Panama and Mexico

Pacific
St.

Sowerby.
:

Ocean
;

Gray
!

Elena
;

Cuming
Melchers

also Deshayes. Reeve.

Mazatlan

Menke.

ERATO.

Panama
St.

Shells.

39

Elena
;

Panama Panama On

Jay. E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould Mss.
dead but per-

the beach east of

Panama,

\ve found 1

fect shell of this species.

13.

Eralo scaforaiBSCuIa.
Synonymy.

June. 1832. Gray Descr. Catal. p. 16. No. 140. March ! 1832. Marginclla cyprozola Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 57.

Erato scabnuscula

granum Kiener
Erato scabriuscula

Iconog.

p. 17. pi. 8.

f.

33.
1.

1835.
1841.
1841.

Sowb. Catal. Cyp. p. 15. No. Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 7. f. 45.

Reeve Conch. Syst.

pi.

285.
is

f.

7, 10.

1842.

By some mistake
cies in the

a species of Trivia

figured for this spe-

Penny. Cyclopedia, VIII. 257.

Station.

Under stones and

in

sandy places

Sowerby.

On

the rocks

Kiener.

We
rocks,

found

fine perfect

specimens alive under stones near

low water mark.

is

Kiener's statement, that they live on the Like Cyprreas, they seek conprobably erroneous.

cealment.
Habitat.
St Elena

Gray. " Sainte Helene

;

;"

Kiener.

Acapulco; Cuming; Sowerby. St. Elena Cuming Sowerby.

; !

Acapulco Mazatlan

Sloat

Redfield Mss.
!

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould Mss.

Panama
"We found
1

young, and 3 mature

over

shells on the reef at

Pa-

nama.

Although we turned

many hundred

stones in the

search, no

more could be found.

pliciform columellar teeth, and the pustulous enamel of the surface in full development. M.

Our specimens exhibit the

40

Panama

Shells.

CYPRJEID^B.

Kiener's figure represents a mature specimen, probably not an

old one, with the columellar teeth not fully developed.

We

are indebted to Mr. Redfield for the gift of his best specimen,

which appears
tulous surface.

to

be
Col.

full

grown and

perfect without the pus-

Jewett also collected several specimens of the same variety at Mazatlan. Perhaps the acquisition of this character is the last change which the shell undergoes.
14.

Margiitella minor.
:

Nov.sp.
;

Shell ovato

white, or pale horn color, sabtransparent

:

rather thin, smooth

spire slightly

elevated
:

whorls about
:

with a very indistinct suture aperture linear lip rather thin at the margin, thickened behind, posteriorly asthree
(?)

columella with two well developed plaits scending the spire a third at the end, with one less developed, and sometimes
:

with a fourth Avhich

inch
:

is

more
:

or less indistinct.

Length, .09

breadth, .063 inch

some

of our specimens,

which ap-

pear to be full grown, are much smaller. This little shell closely resembles the Caribbean species, M. Lavalleana Orb. (M. minima Guild,): the most obvious
difference
is

in the outline,

which

in the

Caribbean species

is

broader across the upper part of the last whorl, the

lip conse-

quently being, at this part, more excurved.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

We
of

obtained 10 more

or less perfect

specimens from the

calcareous sand, which had been washed up near the sea wall

Panama.
15.

ITIargiiiclla sapotilla.

Synonymy.
Marginclla sapotilla Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 74. April, 1844. - Hinds inVoy. Sulph. Moll. pi. 13. f. 10, 11. 1844.
Thes. Conch, p. 383.

No

39. pi. 77.

f.

150-1. 1846.

MARGINELLA.
Station.

Panama
to

Shells.

41

From 5

13 fathoms sandy
flat

mud

Hinds

copied

We

by Sowerby. found these molluscs on a

of liquid

mud,
tide

little

above low water mark.

On

the surface of this

mud
was

were moving about with great vivacity while the

Babttat.--P&nsLm&
;
!

they
out.

Panama Panama

Hinds copied by Sowerby. E. Jewett Gould M>s. f

!

C. B. A.

Mr. Hinds calls this species

the

M. prunum Gm. (syn. M. coerulescens Lam.) but Mr. Sowerby assigns M. prunum to Panama as its habitat! A little east of Panama we obtained 40 of M. living
specimens

American analogue

"

of

and

sapotilla,

also collected

many dead
of

shells on the

beach above the

found.

No specimen
latter,

M. prunum was

The

shells, were mingled with these parcels, were all Caribbean species Without affirming anything respecting the existence of M. prunum on the west coast of Africa,* we

large number of this species, said to have been taken on the keys south of that Island, and the Hon. Edward Chitty, of J., kindly gave us a parcel said to have been collected at IndeCuragoa. pendently of the testimony, the other which

however, occurs abundantly in some parts of the Caribbean sea. We have obtained in Jamaica a

say that

the Caribbean species, Pacific species of tropical America.

it is

as

may therefore safely M. sapotilla is the

J. H. Redfield, the best authority in reference to this genus, informs he has examined many parcels of shells collected in the Gambia reTn at Cape Palmas, and the I. of St. Thomas, in the Gulf of Guinea, and has nevt been able to hnd any evidence that the M. prunum inhabits West
t

* Mr.

gests hat by some means Adan.on may have been been simply copied by all subsequent authors.

Africa.

Mr

in error,

and that

his error

hf

Panama
Family
16.

Shells.'

MITRIDJE.

MITRHXE.

Ulitra iimiculata.
Synonymy.

Mitra funiculata Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 16. f. 122. Reeve Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 177.
Station.

Oct. 1844.

Dec- 1844.
;

In coral sand at the depth of 14 fathoms Reeve.

I.
I.

Gaining

Habitat.

of Plata
of Plata
;

Cuming
Jay.
!

Reeve.

Panama

C. B. A.

"We were indebted to the hermit crabs

different stages of growth.
17.

for

23 specimens

in

Mitra lens.
Synonymy.

Voluta lens Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 3. f. 25. Tiaraforaminata (Swains. Mss.) Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
P. 194.

1828.

Dec. 1835.
p. 43. pi. 13.
pi. 1.
f.

Mitra Dupontii
- lens

Kiener Iconog.

f.

39.

Reeve Conch, Icon.

figure is too

1.
:

Aug. 1S44.
Kiener's figure
is
is
:

Wood's

wide anteriorly
;

both elegant and inaccurate the description Reeve's figure leaves nothing to be desired.
Station.

much

better

Sandy mud,

at a depth ranging from 6 to

:

14

fath-

oms
Habitat.

Cuming! Broderip

also Reeve.

Unknown; Wood.
Panama,
St.
:

Elena, and
also Reeve.
;

I.

of Plata

Cuming

Broderip

The Red Sua

Mazatlan
;

Kiener.
!

Melchers
St.

Menke.

Panama, and

Elena; Jay.

MITRA.

Panama
;

Shells.

43
Mss.

La Paz Major Rich! Gould Panama E. Jewett Gould Panama C. B. A.

! ; ! ;

Mss.

We

were indebted

to the

hermit crabs

for

24 specimens

in

different stages of growth.

Kiener's statement
is.

is

doubtless erroneous.

Ultra imcleola.
Synonymy.

Mitra nucleola Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVII. 218. No. 64. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 320. No. 64.

1811.
AUQ-. O 1822.

Kiener Iconog. p. 84. pi. 26. f. 83. vars. excl. Pot. el-Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.I. 499. pi. 35.
f.
-

15. 16.
?

1838.
1844. 1844.

Kust. Conch. Cab. p. 112. No. 95. pi. 17. f. 18. 19 Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 337. No. 64. (Desh.

ed.)

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

28.

f.

226.

Jan. 1845.

We had at first some doubts of the identity of our specimens with the Lamarckian species, but the differences between
their form and that of Mr. Reeve's figure are precisely similar to those between the half-grown, and the mature M.

M. Kiener's remarks leave granulosa of the Caribbean seas. no room for doubt. Our shells, being fresh, are of a deep like fresh brown, specimens of the Caribbean species.
Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown

Lamarck

also Potiez

and Midland

also Reeve.

Indian Ocean, seas of Java

Kiener.

Panama

C. B. A.

obtained 11 specimens, none of which are quite maKiener's statement of habitat is ture. probably incorrect. Kiener remarks that this shell is only a variety of Mitra granulosa ; Reeve says that there is "no analogy whatever,"

We

44
between these

Panama
species.

Shells.

MITRID.E.

We

will venture to

add that while

the species are clearly distinct, they constitute one of those interesting pairs of analogues, which inhabit opposite sides of the Isthmus of tropical America.

M. granulosa we

believe to be exclusively a Caribbean

" species, although Kiener says

Habite

les

mers de

1'Inde et

de la Nouvelle Zelande, de la Guadeloupe, de la Trinite et du

Mexique."
19.

Mitra

solitaria.
:

Nov.

sp.

of a very deep blackish brown, less deep in the aperture, and quite pale on the plaits with very numerous small transverse ribs, which are obsolete Shell
:

rather slender, fusiform

anteriorly,

and which are granulated by revolving

striae,

that

are obsolete in the interspaces posteriorly, and are strongly de-

veloped anteriorly, with microscopic incremental striae apex whorls ten, moderately convex, slightly shouldered acute
;
:

above, with a moderately impressed suture

aperture long,

with a rather short canal

plaits inside,

labrum thick, with numerous sharp with a sinus near the posterior end columella
:
:

with four

plaits.

Length

.68 inch

breadth, .23 inch

length

of aperture, .34 inch.

Station.

Under stones near low water mark we found

elegant and rare
shell.

this

Habitat.

Panama

C. B. A.

We

found a single specimen on the

20.

reef.

Ulitra trisiis.
Synonymy.

Mitra

tristis

Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 194. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 15. f. 114.

Dec. 1835.
Sept. 1844.

Station.

In sandy

mud

at the depth of 6 to 10 fathoms;

;

Cuming

Broderip

also Reeve.

We

found sev-

TEREBRA.

Panama
eral individuals

Shells.

45

alive

under stones near low

water mark.
Habitat.
St.

Elena, and the Gallapago Islands also Reeve. Broderip

:

C timing

St.

Elena
;

Jay.
!

Taboga We obtained 28 specimens, of which 20 are immature, and only 3 are both mature and perfect.

C. B. A.

Family PURPURID^l.

TEREBRA.
collected, the

Although 11 species of
of specimens
is

this

number
is

small,
all,

genus were and they are

more

or less imperfect.

Probably they

like

most of their

congeners, and as
live

well

known

of several of these species,

only below low water mark.

;

new

5 of the species may be but as our specimens are not perfect and not sufficiently
for distribution,

numerous

we

shall leave

them undescribed.

21.

Terebra

elata.

Synonymy.
Terebra elata Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
p.

156.

Dec. 1843.

Hinds
pi.

in

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

p. 177.

No. 78.
1844.

45.

68. 69.

Station.

In 15 fathoms, coarse sand

Hinds

Habitat.

Bay

of Montija
;

Hinds

Montija

Jay.
;

Panama

C. B. A.

We

obtained 4 specimens.
22.

Terebra larvaeformis.
'

Synonymy.
Terebra larvceformis Hinds
in

Proc.

Zool.

Soc.

Lond.
De?. 1843.

p. 155.

46
Tcrebra larvceformis

Panama
Hinds
in

Shells.

FURPURIDJE.
176.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

p.

No. 73.
Station.

43.

f.

46. 47.

1844.

In from 6 to 15 fathoms, sandy

St.

mud

Hinds

Habitat.

Elena, Monte Christ!

Christi
;

Hinds!

Monte

Jay.

Panama;

C. B. A.!

We

found only 2 specimens.

23.

Teretora rol>uta.
Synonymy.

Terebra robusta Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 149.

Dec. 1843.

Hinds

in Zool.

Hinds
pi.

in

Voy. Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

Sulph. Moll. p. 32.

p.

1844.
5.

152. No.

42.

35.

1844.

Station.

In from 4 to 18 fathoms, sandy

mud

Hinds

Habitat.

West
N.

coast of America, between 8 57' and 21 32'

lat.
;

of Nicoya, namely, at Panama, Gulf Hinds Gulf of Papagayo, and San Bias
! ;
;

'Gulf of Nicoya Jay. Panama E. Jewett Gould Mss.

! ;

Panama

C. B. A.

We

collected 5 specimens.
24.

Teretora specillata.
Synonymy.

Terebra specillata Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 155. Dec. 1843. 1844. Hinds in Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 34. 35. 163. No. Thes. Conch, Sowb. in Hinds p. 1844. 44. f. 96.
pi.

Station.

7 fathoms, sandy

mud
!

Hinds

Habitat.

San Bias San Bias

Hinds
Jay.

TEREBRA.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

47

C. B. A.

We
vation.

collected

12 specimens in various degrees of preser-

25.

Terebra tuberculosa.
Synonymy.
in

Terebra tuberculosa Hinds

oc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p.

154. Dec. 1843.

Hinds

in Zool. in

Hinds

Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 34. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 175.

f.

1844.

No. 72.pl. 43.

Station.

48.

1844.

From 4

to 11 fathoms

Hinds

Habitat.

Panama, Gulf

of Papagayo,
!

and San Bias

Hinds

Panama

C. B. A.

Only 1 specimen
26.

was

fou.id.

Terebra varicosa.
Synonymy.
Dec. 1843.

Terebra varicosa Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 152.

Hinds

in Zool.
in

Hinds
,

Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 32. Sowb. Thcs. Conch, p. 163. No. 37.

1844.

fig.

on same page.

1844.
!

Station.

23 fathoms,

mud Hinds
;
;

Habitat.

Gulf of Papagayo

Hinds
!

Panama

C. B.

We
27.

obtained only 1 specimen.

Terebra
:

(a).

Like

T. specillata, but more finely

sculptured
28.

2 specimens.
(b}.

Terebra Terebra

slender

brown species

5 spe-

cimens.
29.
(c).

Small, olivaceous, with a dingy white

:

band next above the suture

30.

1 specimen.

Terebra
:

(d).

small

very

delicately

and

sculptured shell
31.

1 specimen.
(e).

Terebra

1 very imperfect specimen.

48
.

Panama
In searching
for
all

Shells.

PURPURID^E.

species of this genus, I

had

but

little

success, although

the sands near

Panama were

visited,

from the low water mark of the spring tides upwards. Of the ten species which were obtained, only one was found
alive.

Probably the species appear chiefly at certain seasons. The one which was found alive in countless mvriads, was seen
it

during only a part of

my

stay in

Panama.

82.

Oliva aiigitlata.
Synonymy.

Davila Catal.

I.

pi.

15.

f.

F.
pi.

1767.
47.

Martini Conch. Cab. II. 164.

f.

499. 500.
I.

1773.
248.

Schrot. Einl. Conch.

1783.

Valuta oliva
Oliva,

var. *

Gmel.

in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3440.

1788.
6.

anqulata
incrassata

Lam.

in

Ann.

Mm. XVI.
I.

310. No.

1810.
1817.

Valuta

Dillw. Catal.

516. No. 35.

pi.

Wood
Oliva

Ind. Test,

19.

f.

35.

1818.
420.

angulata

Lam.
No.

An.
6.

saus

Vert.

VII.

Aug. 1822.
1824.
9.

' ,

Encyc. Meth. pi. 363. f. 6. Desh. in Encyc. Meth. Vers. III. 649. No. Duel. Mon. Oliva. pi. 17. f. 9. 10.
Kiist.

1832.

1835. 1840.
1843.

Conch. Cab.

pi.

2.

f.

1. 2.

Duel, in Chenu.

9. pi. 18.f.

10.
6.

Lam. An.

sans Vert. X. 607. No.

Desh. Ed. 1844.

Reeve Elem. Conch,

pi.

1.

f.

4. also pi.
1.

D.

1846.

Reeve Conch.
Station.

Icon. pi. 1.

f.

Optime. Nov. 1850,

In sandy mud, at the depth of 9 fathoms; Cuming! Reeve.

Habitat.

Unknown
Peru
;

"Wood

Lamarck.
America

Dcshayes.
of
:

Gulf

Reeve

Nicoya, Central also Duclos.

Cuming

OLIVA.

Panama
Bay
of

Shell*.

49

Magdalena
;

Duclos.
!

Mazatlan

Melohers

Menke.

Real Llejos; Jay.

Bay
The
ambiguous S

of

Panama

C. B. A.

text of Duclos
;

(in

Chenu

111.

Conch.)

is

somewhat
le

" Habite la bale de

la

Madeleine,
cl'ou

golfe de
1'a

Nicoyo, Costa Rica, Ame>ique cent-rale,

rapportee.''

M. Cuming

The Bay

of

Magdalena

is

much

farther north

than Costa Rica, on the outside of the peninsula of California in latitude 24 30' N. Probably a different punctuation
should have been used, so as to indicate two distinct localities. We obtained 17 fine large specimens in the fruit shanty
before

mentioned.

They were

said

to

have

been taken

" down the Their condition, and the other shells which bay." were with them, fully confirmed the statement.

33.

Oliva araiieosa.
Synonymy.

Martini Conch. Cab. II. 167.

pi.

48.

f.

509. 510. 1773.

Oliva araneosa Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 315. No. 19.

1810.

Lam. An. sans Vert, VII. 424. No. 19. Aug. 1822. 1824. Lam. in Encyc. Meth. pi. 363. f. 1. Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 614. No. 19. Desk Ed. 1844.
- rcticula ris Reeve Conch. Icon.
alt.
pi.

10.

f.

10/7.

IGd.

cxd.

Aug.

850.

If

Lamarck and Duclos have sometimes gone

in a rare instance of error,

into the one

extreme of excessive multiplication of

species, Mr.

Reeve

has,

we

fear,

gone

to the opposite ex-

treme, in uniting with O. reticularis^ O. araneosa, and O. venulata of Lam., and Duclos' species O. Timoria, O. obesina,

and O. pindarina. Mr. Reeve's fig. 16a. represents well the common Caribbean species, O'. reticularis, which inhabits the islands and main land around the Caribbean sea. Fig. 16 i

50

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^E.

resembles a variety of the same species, which Mr. Redfield

has received from Carthagena. But figs. IGd and 16g- reThis we suppresent the kindred type of the Pacific shore. to be O. araneosa of Lamarck. The difference between pose
the Caribbean and the Pacific types is somewhat less in value than the average difference between species. But we have

elsewhere shown, (Cont. Conch, p. 191,) that to make all the species of exactly equal value.

it is

impossible

Those figures

on Mr. Reeve's

pi.

X, which

we have

not before referred to in

this paragraph, represent probably

one or two other species of

the Pacific coast.

In consequence of this union of distinct types, Mr. R. gives as the habitat of O. reticularis, " Grulf of California Donnet.
;

I.

of Granada,

West

Indies

J.

Cuming."

Station.

Unknown.
South Seas? Lamarck.

Habitat.

Bay

of

Panama;

C. B. A.!

In the fruit shanty we found 1 specimen, in company with other shells, all of which had been taken near Panama.
34.

Oliva mconspictia.
:

Nov.
:

sp.

Shell rather slender as the aperture

:

white

smooth
:

spire about as long

apex rather obtuse whorls six, with a well impressed suture, slightly convex aperture acuminate in the upper half, subrectangular in the lower half: labrum thin
: :

anterior notch very slight, wide.

Mean
40
;

in another specimen nearly divergence about 30 breadth .055 inch. length .15 inch
; ;

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama;

C. B. A.

"We obtained only 3 mature specimens and one immature,

in picking over several quarts of fine drift materials gathered

on the shore near the city wall.

OLIVA.

Panama

Shells.

51

kindred undescribed species occurs in Jamaica. Like the above and like most of the minute rare tropical species, it
appears to have escaped the notice of collectors.
35.

Ofiiva

pcllucida.

Synonymy.
Oliva pellucida Reeve Conch. Icon.
pi.

27.

f.

85.

Nov. 1850.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown Panama
;

Reeve.
C. B. A.
!

We

obtained one specimen, which

is

about three-fifths as

large as Mr. Reeve's specimen.

36.

Oliva porphyria.
Synonymy.
Gualt. Test.
pi.

24.

f.

P. 285. 243.
pi. 16.
pi.
f.

1742.

D'Argenv. Conch, D'Argenv. Conch,

Valuta porphyria

p.

K. K.

1742.

p.

13.

f.

1757. 1757.

Knorr. Vergn. I. pi. 15. f. I. Linn. Syst. Nat. (Ed. 10.) No. 349.
Linn. Syst. Nat. (Ed. 10. II. p. 1187. No. 398.

I.

729.

1758.
Pars.

alt.) I.

1767. 1772.

D'Argenv. Conch, p. 201. pi. 13. f. K. Martini Conch. Cab. II. 157. pi. 47.
f.

485-6.

pi.

47.

f.

498.

1773.

Panama

or

Camp

Olive

Da Costa
pi. 5.

Elem. Conch, pp. 189. 291.

f.

4.
II.

1776.

Favanne's D'Argenv. 19. f. K.

818-822.

pi.

1780.

Valuta porphyria

Born Mus.
Grael.

Cses. p. 212.
I.

1780.
7.

Schrot. Einl.

201. No.

1783.
p.

in Linn. Syst.

Nat.

3438.
1788.

No. 16.
Oliva

Lam.

Syst.

An. sans Vert.

p. 75.

18U1.

52
OUva
porphyria

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^:.

Cubieres' Hist. Coq. p. 69. pi. 7. f. 4. Roissy in Buff Moll. V. 429. No. 1.
pi.

56.

f.'

6.

1803. 1806.
1.
II.

Valuta

Turt. in Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 361.

OUva
Panamensis

Lam.

in

Ann. Mus. XVI. 309. No.

1810.

seu porphyrius Montf. Conch. Syst. 387. f. ad p.. 386.

1810.
Jan. 1811.

porphyracea
Voluta porphyria

Perry Conch, pi. 41. f. Brooke Introd. Conch,

Dillw. Catal.
1.

3.
pi. 6.
f.

68.

1815. 1817.

510. No. 29.

p. 243.

OUva
Voluta
OUt'a

Schum. Nouv. Syst.

1817. 1818.
418.

Wood
Lam.
No.

Ind. Test.

pi.

19.

f.

29.

An.
1.

sans

Vert.

VII.

Aug. 1822.

Children's
f.

Lam. Gen.

pi.

5. vol.

16.

209.
.

1823. 1824.
f.

Sowb. Gen. pi. f. 1. Lam. in Encyc. Meth. pi. 361.

Blainv. Malac.
pi.

4.

1824.

30.

f.

4.
I.

1825.

Roux
f.

Icon. Conch. Liv.

.

p. 4. pi. 3.

6.

1828.
25.

Stark Elem. Nat. Hist.

I.

1828.

Desh. in Encyc. Meth. Vers. III. 648.

No.

8.

1832.
1835.

Duel. Monog. Oliva. pi. 24. f. 1-5. Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.

L471.
Kiist.

1838.
p. 10.
pi. 2.
f.

Conch. Cab.
f.

5.

pi. 6.

1. 2.

1840.
pi.

Reeve Conch. Syst.

Duel, in

273.

f.

1.

1842. 1842.

Hmiley Conch. Book Spec.

p. 130.

Chenu 111. Conch, pi. 1. f. 1-5. 1843. Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 605. No. 1.
Desh. ed.
Reeve. Conch. Icon.
pi. 1.
f.

1844.
2.
f.

Nov. 1850.
125.

Heck

Icon.

Encyc.

pi.

75.

Baird ed.

1851.
Moll. p. 116.
pi. 6.
-

Woodward Man.
f.

16.

1851.

Station.

In sandy

mud

at low water

Cuming

Reeve.

OLIVA.

Panama
Unknown
Brazil
also
; ;

Shells.

53

Habitat.

Linnaeus, 175S.
:

Linnaeus, 1767

also

Gmelin:

also

Turton

Say

in Catal. of his

Mus.
;

West

West

America Dillwyn. Wood. Indies; Seas of South America shores of Brazil Lamarck
; ;

Indies and coasts of South

also

Roux

also

Potiez

and

Michaud

also

Kiister.

" L'Olive de

Panama;" Lamarck:
;

also Blainville.

Ravenel in Catalogue. Panama; Cuming Reeve.

!

South America

Panama
La
Paz,
of

Jay
;

also

Woodward.
!

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.
;

Bay
an

Lower California Panama C. B. A.

;

Lt.
!

Green

Grould Mss.

Linnaeus, Dillwyn, Wood,

error,

and Lamarck are obviously in which has been successively copied from the former.
of the species,

But the common name

which we

find in

most

of the old authors, indicates the true habitat.

Unfortunately none of

my

rambles were rewarded with a

specimen
fruit

in

any

condition.

Two

or three

were seen in the

shanty

among

other shells, all of which inhabit the vi-

cinity of

Panama.
intensely colored specimens in the Mus. Amh., from
habitat, are
37.

Two

an unknown

4f

in.

long and 2

in.

wide.

OSIva

Synonymy.
Oliva semistriata Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy.
Siebold,
pi.

36.

f.

10.

1839.
1839.
Oct. 1850.

Wiegm.

Aivhiv. p. 210.
pi.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station. "

23.

f.

01.

Moving about by hundreds, with great in the wet sand ;" Cuminir Reeve.
' !
>

rapidity,

>

54
Habitat.
Salango,

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID.E.

West Columbia
C. B. A.
!

Cuming

Reeve.

Panama

obtained a few specimens, which were occupied by hermit crabs, on the reef at Panama, near low water mark.

We

In the fruit shanty \ve purchased 175 specimens, which appeared to have been taken alive.
38.

CMiva testacea.
Synonymy.

Oliva tcstacca Lam.

Ann. Mus. XVI. 324. No. 51. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 435. No. 51.
in

1810.

Aug. 1822.
1833.
19.

Valen. in

Humb.

Rec. Obs.
111.

II.
pi.

334.
3.
f.

Duclos

in

Ckemi Conch.

17. 18.

(f.

20. excl.)

1843.

Lam. An.

sans Vert. X. 627. No. 51. Desh. Ed.

Icon. pi. 18.
f.

1844.

Reeve Conch.
Station.
In sandy

30.

Sept. 1850.
;

mud

at a depth of about 6 fathoms

Cu-

ming! Reeve.
Habitat.

The South Sea, on the shores of Mexico Humboldt and Bonpland Lamarck. ValenHumboldt and Bonpland Acapulco
; ! ! ;

ciennes.

Mexico and California

Mazatlan
;

Duclos.

Melohers
Jay.
;

Menke.
Reeve.

Panama
Panama
taille, la Californie

Real Llejos, Mexico

;

Cuming

C. B. A.
le

Duclos says, " Habite

Mexique pour sa plus grande

pour sa plus petite, et la Nouvelle Hollande The variety (f. 19. 20.) is evidently pour la variete blanche." Mr. Reeve's punctuation seems to imply a distinct species.
that R-eal Llejos
is

in Mexico,

but since Real Llejoa

is

not in

Mexico, the latter must be another habitat on the authority of Mr. Cuming, unless Mr. R. has fallen into a geographical
error.

OLIVA.

Panama

Shell*.

55

On

the sand beach, next west of

entire specimens.

Panama, we

collected

20 doad but

30.

Oliva
Synonymy.

Oliva undatella Lam. in Ann. Mus.

XVI. 32G. No. 55. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 438. No. 58. tenebrosa Wood. Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 38. undatella Duel. Men. Oliva. pi. 5. f. 5-10.
Gray, Zool. Beech. Voy. pi. 3G. Duclos in Cheuu 111. Conch, pi.
f.

1810.

Aug. 1822.
1828.
1835.

23, 27.
f.

1839.

G.

5-10.

1843.
1844.
Oct. 1850.

Lam. An.

sans Vert. X. 630. No. 58.

pi.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

25.

f.

73.

Wood's accurate figure appears

by most authors.
Station.

to .have

been overlooked

In sand and on

mud

banks at low water

Cuming

Reeve.
Habitat.

Unknown
Acapulco
Duclos.
;

"Wood.

Humboldt and Bonpland

Say
in Catal.

Lamarck

West

coast of Mexico
;

Mus.

Pacific

Ravenel
;

in Catalogue.

Mazatlan
Acapulco

Melchers! Menke.
Jay.
;
!

Panama Cuming Reeve. Panama E. Jewett Gould Mss. Panama C. B. A.

Bay
of
! ;

For this species I was indebted wholly to the hermit crabs. 15 specimens were obtained near a sandy spot on the reef, near low water mark. They are all of one pattern of colorinir,
intermediate between Wood's figure and 73 b of Reeve.

56
40.

Panama

Shells.

PURPURTD.E.

Oliva veiiulata.
Synonymy.

Voluta ixpiduta
Oliva
venulata

var.

/3

(pars) Born.

Mus.
II.

p.

216.
pi.

1780.
46.
f.

Martini Conch.

158.

488.

1773.

1810. Lam. in Ann. Mus. XVI. 313. No. 13. Lam. An. sail* V-rt. VII. 422. No. 13. Aug. 1822. 1824. Lam. in Encyc. Moth. pi. 361. f. 5.
Desh. in Encyc. Meth.
vers.

III.

650.

No. 12.
Pot. et Mich. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.
I.

1832.

472.
Kiist.

1838.
6. pi.
f.

Conch. Cab.

5.

1840.

Lam. An. sans

Desh. Ed.

Vert. X. 611. No. 13.

1854.
pi.

rdicularis var. Reeve Conch. Icon.

cxcl.)

10.
-

f.

16&. (alt.
-

Aug. 1850.

Oar specimen more resembles O. splendidula as figured in the III. Conch, of Chenu, than O. venulata in the same work. We think, however, that it is the species, which is figured in
the Encyc. and by

Reeve

as above.

The
is

principal difference

between

this, shell

and O. arant'osa

in the short dark

brown

bent lines of the former.

Station.

Unk nown

Habitat.

Unknown
Mazatlan
;

Lamarck
Melchers
!

also Potiez

and Michaud.

Menke.

La Paz
Bay
Duclos
(in

Lt.

Green
;

Gould Mss.
!

of

Panama

C. B. A.

Chenu) says of

his O. venulata,

which proba-

bly belong* to a different

des Indes."
other shells,

" Habite la mer species from ours, In the fruit shanty we found 1 specimen among all of which are known to inhabit the Bay of

Panama.

OLIVA.

Panama
41.

Shells.

57

Oliva voliitclla.
Synonymy.

Oliva rolutella Lam. in Ann. Mus.

XVI. 322. No.

ser. pi.

43.

810.

Lam. An. sans

Swains. Zool.
-

Vert. VII. 432. No. 43.

Aug. 1822.
1823.
1

111.

2nd

40.

f.

1.

Ind. Test, supp. pi. 4. f. 36. volutella Valenc, in Ilumb. liec. Obs. II. 334.
cocrulea
-

Wood

828.

1833. 1835. 1839. 1839.

Duel. Mon. Oliva.

in Beech.

pi.

6.

f.

7-14.

Gray Voy. p. 131. Sowb. Man. No. 561. f. 560.

Duclos in Chenu
111.

Conch,

pi. 7.

f.

7-14.
f.

1843.

Souleyet(?) Voy. Bonite. Moll.

pi.

45.

22-24.

1844?
1844.

Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 623. No.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pl.21.f. 54.
Station.

43.

Desh.Ed.

Oct. 1850.

On mud banks
we found

at low water

Cuming

Reeve.

numbers, over an extent of many acres, on the sand beach west of the city of Panama. They were most numerous where the beach had a
This species
alive in vast

gentle slope, about

midway between high and low water mark.

retreat of the tide they were found The with much about vivacity on the wet sand. crawling shell, while the animal was moving, was wholly covered with

Some time

after the

the mantle, and the mantle

thick coat of sand.

was
first

entirely

concealed with a

When

the

wave

of the returning tide

buried themselves.

struck them, washing off their coats of sand, they instantly Frequently, however, I passed over this

spot without seeing any of them.

in less numbers, just above the
tides,

They were

also found, but

on sandy

flats

low water mark of the neap near the beach above mentioned.
;

Habitat.

Shores of Mexico

Humboldt and Bonpland

La-

marck.

Isthmus

Swainson.
;

Unknown
JUNE,
1852.

Wood.
ANN. LYC, NAT. HI&T.

58

Panama
,'

Shells

PURPURIDJ3.

Acapulco; Humboldtand Bonpland Valenciennes. West coast of Mexico Say in Catal. Mus.
!

Mexico, California,

Panama
!

Duclos.
also

Panama Panama Panama

Cuming
Jay.
C. B. A.

Reeve

Morch.

We

collected 4,500 specimens.

42.

Planaxis pfanicostata.
Synonymy.

Bucdnum

Planaxis planicostata Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No. 1418. App. p. 13, 1825. Wood Ind. Test. Supp.pl. 4. f. 15. 1828. planaxis Planaxis canaliculata Duval in Rev. Zool. Apr. 1840.
Trosch. in

Wiegm.

planicostata Reeve Elem. Conch,

Archiv. p. 271. pi. B. f. 17.

1840.

1846.

The epidermis
cious,
shell is black,

of this shell

is

and of a dingy

olive green.

exceedingly thick and tenaBeneath the epidermis the

color is brown.

but near the apex and in faded specimens the All the specimens at Panama and in one spot
to a large variety,

at

Taboga belong
long.

and are often more than

.6

an inch

The

others at

Taboga were mostly from

inch

to .7 inch long.

Station.

Under stones between high water and half

*

tide

level.

Habitat.

Grallapago

Is.

Panama

E. Jewett

Sowerby also Duval Gould Mss.

:

also Jay.

Taboga and Panama

C. B. A.

reef at

At Taboga in Panama.

incredible

numbers

less

common on

the

We

collected about

1200 specimens.

NASSA.

Panama

Shells.

59

Mr. Powis has described in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1835, pp. 95, 96, seven
IV
species of this genus from

ASS A.

Panama and from

to

the same Zoological province.

other parts of "We obtained fourteen species,

two (perhaps
Mr. Powis.

three) of

which answer

the descriptions by

43.

Nfassa canescens.
conic
:

Nov.

sp.

pale brown on all the raised portions of the surface, with the interspaces pale gray
Shell rather long, ovate
:

eleven very prominent narrow ribs, and many raised spiral lines, which are not interrupted by the ribs, and of which two on the middle of the whorls and some anteriorly

with ten

or

are larger

spire

with the outlines nearly rectilinear

apex

acute

whorls eight or nine, subangular in the middle, with a well impressed suture last whorl moderately ventricose, an: ;
:

teriorly spirally subcanaliculate

aperture subelliptical labrum thickened by a varix a little behind the edge, finely grooved within labium finely wrinkled, a little dilated but not appressed notch large and deep.
:

subacute,

much

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 50
.6 inch.

length 1.05 inch

breadth

.6

length of spire

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama
was

C. B.

1 specimen

obtained.

44.

Nassa collaria.
Synonymy,

Nov.

sp.

liassa collaria, Gould

MSS.
dingy white, with a dark reddish side of the whorl with, on each whorl,
: :

Shell ovate

conic

brown band on each

about ten or twelve

ribs,

which are smaller and more approxi-

60

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID.E.

mate but not

obsolete on the last part of the last whorl

with
:

many
spire

spiral raised lines, with the intersections subnodulous

:
:

with the outlines nearly rectilinear apex acute whorls seven, slightly convex, with a distinct suture last whorl with
;

a minute spiral canal anteriorly aperture subelliptical labrum subacute, thickened with a stout varix, within crenu: :

lated coarsely and unequally

labium a

little

thickened, not

appressed

Mean
inch
;

with a deep notch. divergence about 50

:

length .38 inch: breadth .21

length of spire .23 inch. Var. smaller (.23 inch long)

with the lower fascia

much broader, and

Station.

darker anteriorly.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama; Panama

(var.

E. Jewett
!

Gould Mss.

C. B. A.

We
riety.

obtained 4 specimens of the type, and one of the va-

45.

Nassa corpulenta,
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate conic, very robust

spirally

banded with white

and brown, sometimes mostly white, sometimes mostly brown, with a broad white stripe below the middle of the last whorl,
white in and about the aperture with, on each whorl, about eleven narrow ribs, which are traversed by spiral raised lines spire with the outlines rectilinear or slightly concave apex acute whorls nine, moderately convex, with a well impressed
:

suture

last

culate anteriorly

whorl very large and ventricose, spirally canaliaperture subelliptical, contracted labrum
: :

subacute thickened with a very stout varix, within coarsely sulcate labium wrinkled, a little thickened bat not appressed
:
:

notch large and deep. N. festiva Powis must resemble this shell, and possibly may be identical with it.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 46

length .88 inch

breadth .63

length of spire .46 inch.

NASSA.
Station.

Panama
Unknown.

SItells.

61

Habitat.

Panama

E. Jewett

Gould Mss.
C. B. A.
!

Taboga and Panama 17 specimens were obtained.

40.

Nassa geumitilosa.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate conic, ventricose

whitish, more or less tinged

with a narrow spiral stripe of brown at the upper margin of the whorls, and another anteriorly with two or three minute spiral brown lines on the middle of
;
;

with yellowish brown

the last whorl,

about

fifteen or

which are interrupted by the nodules: with sixteen minute ribs on each whorl, and spiral which three
or

raised lines, of

four are visible on the spire

with the intersections developed into well rounded nodules whorls spire with the outlines rectilinear: apex very acute
: :

seven, a

little

convex, with a distinct suture

:

last

whorl

spi-

rally subcanaliculate anteriorly

ened by a varix, a little thickened but not appressed notch deep. Mean divergence about 56 length .25 inch breadth .17
: :

labrum subacute, well thickwithin labium much arcuated, coarsely ridged

inch

length of spire .15 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama
was

C. B. A.

1 specimen

obtained.

47.

Nassa glauca,

Nov.

sp.

^Shell ovate conic, ventricose: glaucous or olivaceous, with a broad spiral stripe of dingy white a little above the suture, whitish about the aperture, deeply colored in the anterior spiral

canal

with, on each whorl,

about ten

ribs, of

which the
;

last

two

or three

with

many

next to the aperture are nearly obsolete spiral striae, which traverse the ribs spire with
:
:

the outlines nearly rectilinear

apex acute

whorls eight,

62

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^E.

moderately convex, with a distinct suture last whorl ventricose, with a narrow deep spiral canal anteriorly aperture labrum subacute, thickened with a stout varix, subelliptical
; :
:

within with about five acute spiral ridges notch deep. thickened, not appressed
:

labiam well

Mean divergence about 55

inch
;

length

.5

inch

breadth .31

length of spire .28 inch.

a.

Var.
Station.

with the color nearly black.

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat.

C. B. A.

32 specimens were
43.

collected.

TOasa liateostoma.
Synonymy.

Nassa luteostoma Brod. & Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 376. Buccinum Kiener Iconog. p. 110. pi. 30. f. 1. Nassa xanthostoma Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. pi. 36. f. 3.
(parva.)
-

1829.

1839.

Souleyet (?) f. 5-7.

Voy. Bonite. Moll.

3.
f.
f.

pi.

41.

1844?
pi.

luteostoma

Reeve Elem. Conch,

11.

1846. 1850.

xanthostomaMis. GrayMoll.pl. 85a.

Station.

5. (soft parts.)

On

sand, usually not far below high water mark, in places where water is running during the recess
of the tide
:

also in similar places not far above

low water mark.

Habitat.

Senegal Kiener also Jay. Real Llojos, and Acapulco Lesson. Mazatlan Melchers Menke.
:

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss. Panama C. B. A.

;

We

collected

330 specimens, mostly near the sea wall of

le

Panama.

"

M. Kiener indique

Senegal pour patrie a cette

NA 9SA.
coquille
il

Panama
;

Shells.

63
Lesson in Rev.
Zool.

a,

sans doute, erreur."

Aug. 1842.
49.

IVassa

iioclifera.

Synonymy.
Nassa nodifera Powis
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 95.

June. 1835.

This shell has distant fine spiral striae, which are usually Some specimens are obsolete on the middle of the whorls.

ornamented with
whole

spiral lines

of dark brown, and rarely the

Mr. Powis shell, except the aperture, is dark brown, with the single word albescente, but disposes of the coloration
otherwise his brief description corresponds exactly with our
shells.

Station.

In coral sand, in from 6 to 10 fathoms

Powis.

Cuming

Habitat.

Clallapago

Islands
!

and the shores of Panama

Cuming
Taboga
;

Powis.
!

C. B. A.

40 specimens were
50.

collected.

IVassa

pagodiis.

Synonymy.
JSuccinum decussatum Kiener (nee Linn, nee Lam.)
106.
p. 109.

No.

Triton

pagodus
.

Reeve
121.

30. f. 3. pi. in Proc. Zool.

Soc.

Lond.
97.

p.

July. 1844.
pi.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

20.

f.

Aug. 1844.

The
figure.

colors are

sometimes more intense than in Mr. Reeve's

Petit

From M.

we have

received

two specimens

la-

belled B. decussatum Kiener; Payta.

Station.

Unknown.

64
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID-E.

Atlantic Ocean, on the shores of Africa; Kiener.

"Bay
Payta
;

of

Montija,

West Columbia;"

Coming!

Reeve.
Petit in sched.
;

Taboga and Panama 22 specimens were collected.

51.

C. B. A.

Itfassa

Paiiameiisis
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long ovate conic

spiral line

bluish olivaceous,
;

with a whitish
colors

below the middle of the whorls

;

more

dis-

whitish near the upper part of the labrum ; a with pale spiral band, which is sometimes obsoanteriorly on lete: with, each whorl, about eleven narrow acute ribs,
tinct

on the ribs

which are obsolete anteriorly with very minute spiral which are less distinct below the middle of the whorls
; :
:

striae,
:

spire

with the outlines moderately curvilinear apex acute whorls last whorl not eight, slightly convex, with a distinct suture
;

ventiicose

aperture elliptical

labrum thickened by a stout

:

varix

Mean
inch
;

labium thickened but not appressed notch deep. length .58 inch breadth .25 divergence about 37
; ;

length of spire .35 inch

Station.

Under

mark, in with several of Columbella, company species

;

stones, a little above low water

Habitat.

Panama

C. B. A.

We

collected about
52.

1500 specimens on the

Nov.

reef.

Nassa proxlma.
N.
versicolor
(v.

sp.

Shell like that of

infra),

but

much more

slender, with the ribs less prominent,

with very minute uninterrupted

lustre to the surface.

and very densely covered stria?, which give a silky

breadth .21

Mean
inch
;

divergence about

38;

length .44 inch

length of spire .28 inch.

NASSA.
Station.

Panama
Unknown.
Taboga
;

Shells.

65

Habitat.

C. B. A.

One specimen was obtained.

53.

]\assa

scaforiuscula

Synonymy.
Nassa
scabriuscula Powis in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 96. June. 1833.

Our specimens are mostly pale olivaceous or glaucous, with a spiral stripe, of the upper part of the labrum, and
granules,

white. a dino-v O*>

fasciata.

Mr. Powis describes his shell as fusca luteo

has some pure deeply tinged with black, and white spots at the upper part of the labrum. Var. b is black, more gibbous, and is wholly covered with
Var. a
is

granules.
Station.

Sandy

mud

at a depth of 12 fathoms

Cuming

Powis.

Our specimens were found on sand, usually not far below of the high water mark, where water runs during the recess
tide
;

also in similar situations near

low water mark.

Habitat.

Bay of Montija Cuming! Powis. Panama E. Jewett Gould Mss. Panama C. B. A.

; !

We

collected
51.

380 specimens.

IVassa striata.
:

Nov.

sp.

white about the aperture, otherShell long ovate conic wise dingy white more or less tinged with yellowish brown with, on each whorl, twelve or thirteen small ribs, and many
:

coarse spiral

striae

spire

with the outlines a

little

curvilinear:

apex acute

whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed su-

66
ture
;

Panama
last

Shells.

PURPURIDJE.

ture subelliptical

whorl spirally canaliculate on the left side aperlabrum rather sharp, thickened by a broad
:
: :

varix, coarsely grooved within

labium well thickened, not

:

appressed, with two small wrinkles anteriorly

It

notch deep.
:

resembles N. versicolor

(v. infra)

var. striatula

but

more coarsely striated and minutely whorls are much more convex.
besides being

ribbed, the

Mean
inch
;

divergence about

48;

length .58 inch; breadth .31

length of spire .33 inch.

Station.

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat.

C. B. A.

2 specimens were obtained.

55.

Nasa

versicolor.
:

Nov.

sp.
/

Shell long ovate conic

pale yellowish brown, or nearly

:

white, with a darker sutural line, or blackish brown

some-

times the ends or the summits of the ribs are whiter than the
interspaces
;

sometimes the sutural fascia covers the anterior

:

part of the last whorl

with, on each whorl, nine or ten narrow

very prominent ribs; with very minute spiral striae, which are nearly obsolete on the middle of the whorls spire with
;

the outlines nearly or quite rectilinear

apex acute whorls last with a well impressed suture eight, slightly convex, whorl spirally canaliculate anteriorly: aperture subelliptical:
: :

labrum subacute, thickened with a stout varix

:

labium thickVar. stria-

ened, not appressed, finely wrinkled notch deep. tula is covered with very distinct strite.

Mean divergence about 45

inch
;

length

.6

inch

breadth .33

length of spire .35 inch.

is

N. ambigua, the Caribbean analogue,

variable species.

also

an extremely

Station.

Unknown.

BUCCINUM.

Panama
Taboga
;

Shells.

67

Habitat.

C. B. A.

More than 500 specimens were

hermit crabs.
56

collected, all occupied

by

IVassa.

WiBsosii.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate conic, ventricose blackish brown, with a dingy white spiral band, at or a little above the suture with sixteen to twenty small ribs, some of the last of which are obso:

on the convexity of the whorl, and of which one next behind the varix is larger with many spiral raised lines, which
lete
;

are smaller on the

summits

of the ribs,

and which are nearly

:

obsolete in the region

where the
:

ribs are obsolete

:

spire with

apex acute whorls seven, slightly last whorl ventricose, antewith a distinct suture convex, riorly with a small spiral canal aperture suborbicular labrum subacute, much thickened within and without, with a few
the outlines curvilinear
:

sharp ridges within

deep.

labium thickened, not appressed

length .32 inch

notch

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 58

breadth .19

length of spire .18 inch.

little

This pretty

species

is

named

in

honor of Dr. Thomas

B. Wilson, of Philadelphia, the munificent patron and successful cultivator of

Natural History.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B. A.

5 specimens were obtained.

57.

IBucciBiUBii

crasum.

Synonymy.
Phos
crassus Hinds Voy. Sulpk. Moll. p. 38.
pi. 10.
f.

1, 2.

1844.

A. Ad. Ann. and Mag. Nat.

p. 71.

Hist. VIII.
-

No. 43.
July 1851.

68
Station.

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^E.
to

Dredged as solitary shells in from 3 among mud Hinds

;
!

14 fathoms

Habitat.

Panama, and

G-ulf of

Fonseca

Hinds

Panama Panama

Jay.
C. B. A.
!

We

obtained only 1 dead specimen.

58.

Hiiccinum distorting.
Synonymy.
Bligb. Catal.

Bucclnum

distortum

No. 64. (not described.) May 1822. Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 7. 1828. Kieuer Iconog. p. 43. pi. 18. f. 64, 65.

Wood
Gray

Pollia

distorta

in Zool. Beech.

Voy.

p.

112.

1839.

Columbclla triumphalis Duel, in Chenu. 111. Conch, pi. 5. f. 13-16. 1843. Buccinum distortum Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. p. 192. 1844. No. 70.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

11.

f.

86.

Dec. 1846.

Kiener has figured as the young of this species, f. 65, a variety in which the revolution of the whorls is more oblique, and which, when full grown, has the last whorl only moderately shouldered, like the

young

of the

common

type.

We

obtained only two

Deshayes has well described the varying characters of this remarkable

specimens
of this variety.
species.

The epidermis

is

thick, rather coarse

and brown, and en-

tirely conceals the color of the shell.

Station.

We

found this species in the crevices of rocks, between the low water mark of the neap tides and
that of the spring tides.

Habitat.

Unknown; Wood.

New
Chili
St.

Holland
;

Kiener.
:

Deshayes also Jay. Elena Cuming Reeve.

; !

BUCCINUM.

Panama
Panama; E. Jewett
!

Shells.

69

Grould Mas.
;

Panama, and Taboga

C. B. A.

We

collected
is

95 specimens, mostly on the

reef.

Kieuer's

statement

what evidence

undoubtedly erroneous: nor are we informed on Chili is said to be a habitat. Valparaiso being

the great centre of commerce on the west coast of South America, there is much danger of referring to that habitat
species

which belong
59.

to other parts of the coast.

11

cc IBB 11 ei isisigiie.
Synonymy.

Buccinum mutabile Val. (non Linn.) Voy. Venus.

pi. 6.
f.

Moll.

2.
pi.
8.
f.

184G.
58.

insi finis

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Eec. 1846.

Station.

In clefts of rocks at low water

Cuming

Reeve.

"We found the species in the same situation, but more frequently under stones, and especially

under stones which were lying on sand.

Habitat.
St.

Elena

Cuming! Reeve.
;

West Columbia Jay. Lower California; Major Rich! Gould Panama C. B. A.

!
;

Mss.

140 specimens of this beautiful species on the reef at Panama. Most of them are both more completely
collected

We

and more intensely colored than the figure given by Mr. The colors are wholly concealed by a thick brown Reeve.
epidermis.
co.

Bucciniim
with small
ribs,

Itigubre.

Nov.

sp.

Shell long ovate-fusiform: very dark

brown with a

cine-

reous tinge

from nine to thirteen on each

whorl, traversed by rather coarse unequal spiral striae, with the intersections of the larger striae rather acutely nodulous
:

apex acute

spire conic

whorls eight, very convex,' with a

70

Panama
:

Shells.

PURPURID^:.

moderately impressed suture aperture ovate labrum rather with a short recurved canal. sharp, thickened behind
: :

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 44

length .67 inch

breadth .31

length of spire .4 inch.

After

this species,

much doubt respecting the generic characters of we have provisionally referred it to that group
which have a short recurved
at
canal.

of Buccina,

Station.

Under stones

low water mark.

;

Habitat.

Panama, and Taboga

C. B. A.

We

collected 175 specimens.

61.

ISucciimm pagodas.
Synonymy.

Buccinum pagodus Reeve Conch.

Station.

Icon. pi. 7.

f.

50.

Dec. 1846.

In the

clefts

of rocks

at

low water

Cuming

found this species in the same staReeve. tion and also under stones.
Habitat.
I.

We

of

Taboga
;

Cuming

Reeve.

Panama

Jay.

Panama; E. Jewett! Gould Mss. Taboga and Panama; C. B. A.!

This species
is rare.

Mr.

Cuming

obtained only one or

two specimens. We obtained 7 adult, and 11 young specimens. The color of the young is very intense, almost black that of some of the adult shells is very dark,
:

62.

llnccifiiuiu pristis.

Synonymy.

---pristis

Buccinum serratum Kicner Iconog.

p. 23. pi. 9.

f.

28.

1842. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 268. f. 5, 6. Desk in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 192. No. 69. 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

6.

f.

39.

Dec. 1846.

BUCCINUM.

Panama

Shells.

71

The name

originally given to this species

for

by Kiener had

been preoccupied by Brocchi in 1814

Station.

fossil species.

Probably below extreme low water mark.

Our

specimens were collected at low water mark, where they were occupied by hermit crabs.
Habitat.

The South Sea, on the shores

Kiener.

of California

Edoux

Seas of California
St.

Deshayes.

Elena

Mazatlan

Curaing !] Reeve. Melchers Menke.

[?
!

San Bias; Dr.

J.

L. Burtt, U.

S.

N.

Mus. Acad.

Nat. So. Philadelphia.

Panama
The

C. B. A.

is probably Lower Panama, we obtained 1 perfect specimen, which is 2 inches long, and 5 others more or less In two large old shells the labrum is much thickimperfect.

California of the French authors

California.

On

the reef at

ened but not deeply serrated. A magnificent specimen has been presented to the Acad. Nat. So. Phil, by Dr. Burtt, who found it at San Bias it is 3| in.
:

long.

63.

BncciiiuiBi riaag-ens.
Synonymy.

Buctinum

ringens Reeve (non Phil.)

f
-

Conch. Icon.

pi.

7.

45

Dec. 1846.
p.

In the Zeitschr. Malak, 1851,

advertently repeated this
Station.

59,

Dr.

Phillippi has in-

name

for

another species.
;
!

On

We
Habitat.

Reeve. Cuming found this species under stones about chiefly the low water mark of neap tides.

the

rocks at low water

Panama; Cuming! Reeve.

72

Panama
Panama Panama
;

Shells.

PURPURID.E.

Jay.
C. B. A.
!

We

collected on the reef

275 specimens.

64.

Bttccliium saraiimoleiitiim.

Purpura sanyuinolenta
Pollia

Duel, in Guer. Mag. Zool.

f.

pi.

22.

1.

1833.

hcemastoma
-

-Station.

Buccinum hcemastoma
Janclii

1839. Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 112. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 46. Dec. 1846.
Val. Voy. Venus. Moll.pl.
in Zeitsch.
6.
f.

1.

1846.
Dec. 1847.

sanguinolentumMenke

Malak.

p. 180.

Under

stones at low water;

Gaming Reeve.
!

A few
tion
;

but

of our specimens were as. most of them were occupied

it is

found alive in the

same

situa-

low water mark,

by hermit crabs, at that their favorite station may be probable

somewhat lower.
Habitat.

Panama Cuming Eeeve.

! ;

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama

Jay.
C. B.

Taboga and Panama;

A.

We collected 16 specimens.
65.

Hitcomueta @tmBp*osiinamm.
:

Nov. Sp.

rather pale slate color, more or less Shell long ovate-conic white above, with the revolving ridges brownish red or white

where they
whorls
ridges,
:

cross the ribs, white in the

upper half of the labrum,

often with a broad white spiral

band on the middle of the

on each whorl with seven or eight stout transverse which are less prominent on the back of the last whorl
;

with several spiral linear ridges, of which four are visible on

the penult whorl, which are obsolete between the transverse
ridges,

and are more numerous and smaller anteriorly

covered

DOLIUM.
with five crowded spiral
eight, scarcely

Panama
strire
:

Shells.

73
: :

convex

apex acute spire conic whorls aperture ovate labrum much thickened,
: :

columellar with a few plaits inside with a short well notched canal.

lip irregularly

plaited

Mean
inch.

divergence about 38

length .72 inch

breadth .32

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to William Stimpson, Esq., whose researches on the Mollusca of this country
will furnish a

most valuable contribution to Malacology.

stones, near

Station.

Under

low water mark.

!

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We obtained

19 specimens, of which a few only were alive.

66.

Dolium risigens.
Synonymy.

Cassis

ringens

Dolium
Cassis

dentatum

Swains, in Bligh Catal. App. p. 4. Barnes Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. York
I.

May

1822. 1824.

135. 384.

pi. 9.

f.

3.

ringens

So wb. Tank, Catal.

p. 21.
pi.

1825.
4.
f.

Bucdnum
Dolium Malea
latilabris

Wood
personatum Menke

Ind. Test. Supp. Synop. p. 62.

1.

1828.

1830.

Valenc. in

crassilabris Valenc. in

Humb. Rec. Obs. II. 325. Humb. Rec. Obs. II. 327. var.

1833.
1834.

Dolium Dolium

latilabre

Kiener Iconog.

plicosum
ringens

Menke

f. 7. p. 14. pi. 4. in Zeitsch. Malak. p. 138.

1835.
1845.
Dec. 1848. Dec. 1850.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

4.

f.

5.

dentatum
crassilabre

Jay Catal.

Menke

in Zeitschr.

Malak.

p. 182.

Apr. 1851.

of our specimens is 4.25 inches long, but most of them are small. One, with an excessively thickened lip and a deep

One

groove behind the

lip, is

only 2.3 inches long.

Mr. Eeeve's

figure represents a fine specimen 5s inches long.

One

in the

Mus.

Amh.

is

6 inches long.

Mr. Barnes notices a specimen 9

6

inches long and 7 inches wide.

74
Station.

Panama

Shells.

We found

this species

under and between stones

at

extreme low water mark.

Habitat.

Coast of Peru

Capt. Skiddy

Barnes.
!

Quito I. near Guayaquil; Barnes.

Don Pedro Abadea

Unknown; Wood.
Acapulco Humboldt and Bonpland Valenciennes. "South Sea, Pacific Ocean, shore of Mexico, at
! ;

Acapulco :" Kiener. Eeeve. Payta, Peru Cuming

! ;

Peru; Jay.

Acapulco Jay, (a var.) Mazatlan Melchers Menke. Panama C. B. A.

;
!

on the Eight specimens were collected

67.

reef.

Ulonoceros torevidentatuni.
Synonymy.

Buccinum brevidentatum

Wood

Ind. Test. Supp.

10.
p.

pi.

4.

f.

10.

1828.

Purpura

cornigera

Blainv. in Nouv.
pi. 9.
f.

Ann. Mus.
123.

I.

213.

Mar. 1832.
pi.

ocellata

Kiener Iconog. Kiener Iconog.

junior.

39.

f. f.

92.
86.

37. p. 124. pi.

maculata

Gray

in Beech.

Voy.
pi.

p.

125.
f.

1839.
1843.

Monoceros brevidentatum Sowb. Conch.

111.

79.

4.

Orb.Voy.Amer.Merid.Moll.p.441. Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 123.

No. 9. Reeve Conch. Icon.
Station.
1.
f.

1844.
pi.

4.

Sept. 1846.

In crevices of rocks
this species in

at

low water

Cuming Keeve.
!

We

found

the crevices and on the sides of

rocks and stones, mostly at and above half tide level.

Habitat.

Unknown Wood.
;

Mazatlan; Botta! Blainville.

MOXOCEROS.

Panama
;

Shells.

75

Shores of Peru
[Chili
;

Kiener.
ocellata.~\

Kiener, de P.

Pacific

Ocean

Payta

Gray. Fontaine Orbigny.

;
!

Seas of Peru

Deshayes.

Xipixapi, and

Monte

Christi

Cuming Eeeve.
!

Xipixapi; Jay.

Monterey Major Eich Gould MSS. San Francisco Col. E. Jewett Gould MSS.
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

On

the reef this species occurred plentifully.

to Col. Jewett,

"We collected

about 300 specimens.

this species According occurs at San Francisco. "We have seen the specimens, which are undoubtedly identical with the Panama shells if there be
;

no error in

Col. Jewett's
is

statement, this is
to

known to us, which

But
it

common

Panama

the only species and to San Francisco.

worthy of note that none of the Panama specimens in Col. Jewett's collection. Major Eich also states a appear the northern limit of the is which habitat, Monterey, beyond
is

Panama

zoological province.
68.

IVIonoceros cingiilatum.
Synonymy.

Bucdnum
Monoceros

cingulatum

Wood

Ind. Test.

pi.

24.

f.

167.
1.

1818.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 250. No. Lam. Encyc. Meth. pi. 396. f. 4.
Sowb. Gen.
f.

Aug. 1822.
1824.

4.

1824. 1825. 1826.

p. 150,

pseudodon Burrow Elem. Conch, pi. 26. f. 2. Monoceros dnyulatuin Crouch Conch, pi. 18. f. 10. Schub. et Wagn. Chemn. Supp.
pi.

Bucdnum

233,

f.

4096.

....
1.

1829.

dngulata Kiener Iconog. p. 36. pi. 20. f. Monoceros dngulatum Sowb. Conch. 111. Catal. No. 1.
Turbinella
-

1841. 1842.
July, 1842.

Reeve Conch.

Syst. pi. 261,

f.

4.

Turbinella

dngulata Lesson Rev. Zool. Kiist. Conch. Cab.

p. 31. pi. 7.

f.

8.

1844.

76

Panama

Shells.

PUKPURID^E.
1.

Monoceros cinyulatum Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 118. No. Desh. Ed.
.

1844.
Sept. 1846.
!

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi.

3.

f.

11.

In

clefts

of rocks at low water

in the

Cuming

Eeeve.

We have

found

it

same

situation.

ffabitat.-^-Unknown

Wood.
;

Western shores of Mexico

Humboldt and Bon-

pland! Lamarck. Western shores of Mexico, those of California;

Kiener.

Panama

Sowerby
;

also Jay.
!

Mazatlan

Melchers
E. Jewett
!

Menke.
G-ould
;

Panama

MSS.
A.
!

Taboga, and Panama

C. B.

We
part at

obtained 75 specimens, a majority of which are young, in Panama, but mostly at Taboga.
69.

Purpura Carolensis.
Synonymy.

Purpura

Carolensis

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 11.

f.

57.

Sept. 1846.

Station.

Under

stones at low water

Cuming

Eeeve.

We

found

this species

under stones and in the crevices of

rocks near low water mark.

Habitat.

Charles

I.

Grallapagos

Cuming

Reeve.

Grallapagos

Taboga

Jay. C. B. A.
;

We

collected 20 specimens,
70.

many

of which are immature.

Nov.

Purpura
:

foreolata.
:

sp.

Shell obliquely rhombic white with very prominent compressed transverse ridges, about nine on each whorl, and four spiral keels which are very prominent and much compressed, of

PURPURA.
wliich the upper one
is

Panama

Shells.

77

seen on the middle of the whorls of the

;

the anterior one is much less developed spire, and of which with the intersections prominent with rather fine spiral strife
;
:

apex acute whorls six, concave on both sides of the keel, with the suture indistinct: aperture long ovate, produced into a
short canal:

labruni rather thin, scalloped

by the
inch

keels

and

finely serrated

by

the

strite.
;

Mean
.28 inch.
Station.

divergence about 70

length,

.43

breadth,

Under

stones, near

low water mark.

!

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

71.

Piirpura kiosquifornii.
Synonymy.

Purpura kiosquiformis Duel, in Ann.

107.
pi.
1.

des Sc. Nat.

f.

XXVI.

5.

May
p. 59. pi. 15.
f.

1832.

Kiener Iconogr.
40. (OjJtime.)

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

p. 96.

No. 60.
Voy. Bonite. Moll. 23-25.
(?)

1844.
pi.

Souleyet
39.
f.

1844

Reeve Conch. Icon.pl.

Mrs. Gray Moll.
pi.

7.f. 31. var.

a.
f. '6.

Aug. 18461850.

87

soft

parts
Station.

We

rocky places at low water Cuming Eeeve. found this species abundantly from half tide nearly up to
! ;

On

the high water mark of neap tides, on rocks, and on the lower parts of the trunks and about the roots of trees, which were

growing from a stony bottom.

Habitat.

Seas of

Seas of

New Holland Duclos also Kiener. New Holland, according to Kiener

; ;

De-

shayes.

78

Panama
;

Shells.

PURPURID^E.

Bay of Panama Cuming Eeeve. West Columbia Jay. La Paz, in Lower California Lt. Green MSS. also Mus. Essex Inst. Panama Jewett Gould MSS. Panama C. B. A.
!

Gould

Duclos' and Kiener's statement

is

probably erroneous.

170 specimens. The variety, figured by Mr. keels almost equally developed, we did not two with Eeeve, find but several specimens have a second keel moderately
:

We collected

developed.
72.

Purpura

Sp. indet.
is

This shell resembles P. kwsquiformis,

longer,

with the

whorls revolving more obliquely, and with, other differences. One specimen was obtained. It is not sufficiently perfect for
description.
73.

Purpura melo.
Synonymy.
Nouv. Ann. Mus.
pi.

Purpura

crassa

Blainv.

in

I.

241.
-

No. 83.

12.

f.

4.

March 1832.
1824.

Sowb. Gen. No. 42. f. 5. melones Duel. Ann. des Sc. Nat.
pi.
1.
f.

XXVI.

105.
-

2.

May

1832.

Kiener Iconog. p. 125. pi. 39. f. 93. junior. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 259. f. 5. junior.

1842. 1844.

melo

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 106.

No. 71.
melones Keeve Conch. Icon.
Station.
4. pi.
f.

19.

Aug. 1846.
!

Under stones at low water Cuming Eeeve. Our specimens were found about the sides and crevices of rocks, from the low water mark of neap tides up to three-quar;

ters tide.

Habitat.

Unknown

Blainville

'also

Duclos.

PURPURA.

Panama
Shores of Peru
;

Shells.

79

Kiener

Monte Monte

Christ!
Christi
;

Cuming
!

also Deshayes. Eeeve.

and Peru

Jay.

Panama E. Jewett Gould MSS. Panama and Taboga C. B. A.

! ;

We collected 150
Panama.

specimens, partly at Taboga, but mostly at

Old specimens become very thick, and are rectanon the last whorl. shouldered gularly
74.

Purpura osculans.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell obliquely rhombic dingy white, pure white within 9 on rather small, prominent, welleach whorl, transverse, with,
:

rounded

ridges,

which are produced

to the anterior extremity

which traverse the transverse

:

with crowded spiral closely imbricately scaled narrow ridges, ridges, and of which the alternate
:

ones are more prominent apex acute spire with the outlines whorls six and one-half, convex, with a wellrectilinear suture aperture obovate labrum finely scalloped, impressed
: : :

with a short, deeply-notched transversely grooved within Allied to Purpura galea and other kindred species. canal.
:

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 70 length of spire, .12 inch.

length, .27 inch

breadth, .17

Station.
Habitat..

Unknown.
+

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

7s.

Purpura
Synonymy.

tecta.

Purpura

callosa

Sowb. (non Lam.) Gen. No. 42.

f.

9.

1824.
1828.

Bucdnum
Purpura

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 13. angulifera Duel, in Ann. des Sc. Nat. XXVI.

tectum

Wood

107.

pi. 1.

f.

6.

May
f.

1832.

Kiener Iconog.

p. 60. pi. 15.

f.

43.

Cuma

sulcata

Swains. Malac. p. 87.

4. p.

307.

1840.

Panama
Purpura
Turbinella
-

Shells.

PUEPURID.E.

callosa

Eeeve (non Lain.)

260.
f.

Conch. Syst.
-

-tectum

9.

...
D ec

pi.

1842^

Lesson Rev. Zool.

j u jy 1842
f.

Reeve Conch.

Icon. pi. 8.

41.

Aug. 1847.
1850<

Jay

Catal.

The specific name given in Sowb. Gen. was preoccupied by Lamarck for a shell, which, to Kiener and to
is

only a variety of P. bufo

species.

We

after

Eeeve and Jay.

according Eeeve, but Deshayes regards it as a good have therefore used the name given by Wood
;

In. 10 fathoms sandy mud Cumiug Eeeve. found our specimens in the crevices of rocks, between the low water marks of the tides and of the neap

Station.

We

spring tides.

Habitat.

Unknown

Wood
;

also Duclos.

Shores of Chili

Kiener.

Eeal Llejos

Lesson.
; !

Bay of Panama Cuming Panama Jay. Panama C. B. A.

;

Eeeve.

We collected

60 specimens on the

reef.

All of them are of

the var. b Eeeve.

76.

Purpiira wnclata.
Synonymy.
1

--

Purpura undata Lam. (non Orb.) An. sans Vert. VII. 238. No. 10. (Syn. Excl.) Blainv. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. I. 217. pi. 9.
Valenc. in

Aug. 1822.
Mar. 1832.

Humb.
p.

Rec. Obs.
116.
pi.

II.
f.

315.
81. (Var.
10. Desh.

1833.

Kiener Iconog.
s

34.

Excl.)

Lam. An. sans

Vert.

X. 67. No.

Ed
-

1844.

Souleyet

(?)

Voy. Bonite Moll. 17-19.

........

pi. 39.

1844?

COLUMBELLA.

Panama

Shells.

81
Sept. 1847.

--

Purpura
Station.

Reeve Concb. Icon. pi. 9. f. 43. undata hcemastoma Menke (non Lam.) Zeitscbr. Malak.
p. 182.

Nov. 1847.
87. a. pi.
f.

undata

Mrs. Gray, Moll.

1.

1850.

Under
this

stones at low water

Cuming

Eeeve.

"We found

species under stones near the low water

mark of the neap

Habitat.

tides.

Unknown
Acapulco
ciennes.

Lamarck.

Humboldt

and

Bonpland
Helena

Valen-

South Sea and Shores of

St.

Kiener.

Monte Monte

Christi Christi
;

Cuming
Jay.

Reeve.

Panama

C. B.

A.

180 specimens on the reef at Panama. This The species and P. hcemastoma are sometimes confounded. latter inhabits only the Mediterranean and the eastern shores
collected
It is, therefore, extremely of the Atlantic, in warm latitudes. probable that Dr. Menke's P. hcemastoma from Mazatlan is the

We

true P. undata.

As Kiener

confounds three distinct species,

there can be no advantage in learning whether his "Sainte Helene " is St. Helena in the Atlantic, or St. Elena in West

Columbia.

Numerous

species of this genus,

at

and

an incredible multitude of individuals were found

Panama.

Many of the species are among the most beautiful in the genus. Perhaps no other fauna equals the marine Pacific fauna of tropical America for its development of this genus in these three
number of individuals, The number of species which have been collected at Panama much exceeds the number in the entire genus which were known to Lamarck. While very few of the species which we collected have been described in
characters
t}^pical forms,

number of

and

their size

and elegance.

82

Panama

Shells.

PURPURIDJ3.
easily

M. Kiener's monograph of the genus, most of them are

determined with Mr. Sowerby's accurate
figures.

To

these

the descriptions of many of the species by Deshayes (in An. sans Yert.) have been found a valuable addition.
77.

Lam.

Columbella atramentaria.
Synonymy.

Columbella atramentaria Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud.

p. 51.
-

March 1844.
No. p. 134.
1844.
f.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

67. pi. 40.

174.

This species closely resembles C. nigricans, differing chiefly Its coloring is also in the shorter spire and more obese outline.
different

from the

common

of style of that species, consisting

black ground. pale rectangular spots on a greyish

Station.

We found
Chatham Panama.

this shell

under stones near low water

mark.
Habitat.
I.,

Gallapagos.

Sowerby.

C. B.

A.

We obtained
78.

only three specimens.

Columbella bicanallfera.
Synonymy.

Columbella bicanalifera Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

_
Station.

p. 113.

June 1832.
1836.

Mull.Synop.Nov.Test.Viv.p.81. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 137. No. 77.

pi.

39.

f.

144.

1844.

In sandy mud, at 10 fathoms depth

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat
Gallapagos
;

Cuming
!

Taboga

E. Jewett
;

Sowerby Gould MSS.

:

also Muller.

Panama

C. B.

A.

COLUMBELLA.

Panama

Shells.

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 36 specimens, which

were taken, in a more or less perfect two miles east of Panama.
79.

state of preservation,

about

Columbella

Boiviiiii.

___ ___ -

Synonymy.
p.

Columbella Boivinii Kiener Iconog.

Duel, in Chenu,
f.

47. pi. 11.

f.

1.

_
Station.

111.

Conch,

pi.

21.

19, 20.

1843.
43.

Sowb. Thes.Conch.p.l26.No.
pi.

38.
in

f.

100.
10.

1S44.

DesL.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

281. No. 28.

18 44

WQ

found these mollusks between half and three

in the margin of water left quarters tide, cavities of the rocks.

Habitat.

by the ebbing

tide in

Unknown

Kiener.
! ;

Our specimens

Gulf of Nicoya Hinds Sowerby. Gulf of Nicoya Deshayes also Jay. Panama and Taboga C. B. A. were obtained chiefly on the rocks in front of
:
; ! ;

Immature indivithe fortifications in the sea wall of Panama. were duals were quite numerous, but only 50 adult specimens
taken
alive.

so.

Colnmbella conspicua.

Nov.

sp.

with a broad white spiral band on the side of which is a broad band convexity of the whorls, on each brown of brownish orange anteriorly white with irregular alternate with deep brown spots near the summits of the
Shell ovate-conic:
;

spots

ridges

verse ridges, with coarse spiral striae, which traverse the ridges except at the summit of the middle and most prominent part apex suba;
:

obtuse transwith, on each whorl, nine very prominent the whorls of at the are obsolete which upper part

8-i

Panama
;

/Shells.

PURPURID^E.
;

cute

spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear

;

whorls eight,

convex, with a moderately impressed suture last whorl sublabrum moderately angular aperture a little wider above thickened, with a few wrinkles on the inside notch wide and
; ; :

deep.

Mean divergence about 35

length of spire, .12 inch.
Station.

length .21 inch

breadth,

.1

inch

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only one specimen of

81.

this elegant shell

was found.

Columbella costellata.
/Synonymy.

Columbella costellata

Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ.

IV. 376.

1829.
Soc.

Sowb.
p.

in

Proc. Zool.

Lond.

118.

June 1832.

Mull. Synops. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 88.

May

1836.
1839.

Gray
f.

in Zool.

Beech. Voy.
111.

pi.

36.

9?

Duel, in

Chenu

Conch,

pi.

25.

f.

11, 12.

1843.
p. 137.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

No. 79.
1844-

39.

f.

147.

We
shells

have had some

belong

difficulty in

determining whether our

to this species or to C. scalarina.

Taking the

descriptions

and

figures

by Mr. Sowerby,

the ribs in C. costellata

are said to

fall far

longed in C. hibit no difference in

short of the anterior extremity, but to be proscalarina, although the figures of these species exthis respect
:

most of our specimens have

them prolonged, but the character is not constant. In other respects the figures of the two species are very different, and
that of C. costellata well represents our shells.

Many

of the

specimens are larger than this figure.

COLUMBELLA.

Panama

Shells.

85

In Chenu, the figures of both species have the ribs prolonged.

In these figures the ribs are more distant in C. costellata than in The figure of the former very exactly represents 0. scalarina.

our

shells.

Station.

single specimen
!

fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.

was found at the depth of 16 Our specimens were found under

stones near low water mark.

Habitat.

Panama Cuming Sowerby also Miiller. Panama and coast of Africa Gray. Panama C. B. A.
!

We

collected 25 specimens

on the

reef.

Mr. Gray must be

in error

when
82.

he includes the coast of Africa in the habitat.

Columbella
:

diiiiiiinta.

Nov.

sp.

Shell subfusiform

black anteriorly
strife,

.:

pale yellowish brown, black or brownish ribbed, with the interstices covered with spiral
ribs are obsolete
: ;

which are coarser anteriorly where the

:
:

convex with apex acute spire conic whorls seven, scarcely labrum narrow rather the suture lightly impressed aperture crenulated variciform, broadly thickened, sinuate posteriorly,
: :

within

Mean
inch
;

columellar lip with the granules obsolete. length, .155 inch divergence about 45
;

breadth, .07

length of spire .08 inch. This species resembles a dwarfed

C. nigrescens.

Station.
shell.

Under

stones near low water

mark we found

this

Habitat.

Panama
83.

C. B.

A.

19 specimens were obtained.

Coliimbella dorsata.
Synonymy.

Columbella dorsata

Miillor Rynop.

Sowb. in Proc. Zool.Soc. Loncl.p. 120. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 91.

Syst. pi. 257.
f.

June 1832.

May

1836.
1842.

Reeve Conch.

7.

86
Columbella dorsata

Panama
Duel, in
17, 18.

Shells.

PUKPURDm
pi.

Chenu
-

111.

Conch,
p. 136.

20.

f.

1843.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi. 39.
f.

No. 75.
1844.
1844.

140-1.

Desh. in

Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

291. No. 45.

Station.

Unknown.
I.

Habitat.

of Muerte,

Bay of Guayaquil Chiming Sowerby:

!

also Miiller.

Shores of Columbia
I.

Deshayes.

of Muerte
;

Panama

Jay. C. B. A.
;

We

obtained only 1 dead shell of rather small

84.

size.

Columbella fluctuata.
Synonymy.
Sowb.
p.
Griff.
f.

Columbella fluctuata
suturalis

in Proc.

Zool.

Soc.

Lond.

115.

June 1832.
pi.

Cuv. An. King. Moll. 6? - -

41.

1834.

fluctuata
suturalis
-

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 84.

1836.
1843.

fluctuosa fluctuata

Kiener Iconog. p. 45. pi. 9. f. 2. Duel, in Chenu, pi. 13. f. 11, 12. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 138. No. 82.
pi.

39.

f.

150.

1844.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

283. No. 33.
Station.

---!

1844.
also Miiller.

Under

stones

Cuming

Sowerby
little

Our specimens were found under water mark of neap tides.

Habitat.

stones a

above the low

Gulf of Nicoya Shores of Peru Gulf of Nicoya

Cuming
;

Sowerby
:

also Muller.

Kiener.

Panama

C. B.

Deshayes A.
!

also Jay.

We collected on the reef about 400 specimens of

species.
;

this elegant

COLUMBELLA.
85.

Panama

Shells.

87

Columbella
Synonymy.

fiilva.

Columbella fulva

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 115.

June 1832.
1836.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 138. No. 80.
39.
f.

pi.

148.

1844.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 281, No. 29. 1844.

Station.

Under

stones

Cuming
in

Sowerby.

Under

stones

Deshayes.

Our specimens were found

from low water mark.
Habitat.

the same situation, not far

Panama Cuming Sowerby Panama Deshayes also Jay.

! : ;

also Miiller.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We obtained only 3
86.

specimens.

CoBm ubcl la
Synonymy.

fuscata.

Columbella fuscata

Sowb. in Proc.
p. 117.

Zool.

Soc.
-

Lond.
-

June 1832.
1836.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 88.

meleagris Kiener Iconog.
15, 16.
p. 10. pi. 3.
111.
f.

3.
pi.

Duel, in Chenu
f.

Conch,

4.

fuscata

and pi. 16. f. 13, 14. Orl>. Voy. Amer. Mend. Moll. p. 430. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 114. No. 11.
pi. 36.
f.

1840. 1843.
1844.

21, 25.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

276. No. 22.

1844.

Under stones Cuming Sowerby. Station. Our specimens were found under stones a
!

little

above low

water mark.

88
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

PUKPURIDJS.

Common

at
!

Panama,

St.
;

Elena, and

Monte

Christi

Sowerby Shores of San Bias Kiener.

; ;

Cuming

also Miiller.

Acapulco Panama, St. Elena, and Monte Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Lesson.

Christi

Deshayes.

Panama; Jay.
Taboga
;

C. B.

A.

At
these,

scarce.

the season of our excursion to Panama, specimens were obtained only 4 living and 2 dead shells. One of

We

although mature,

is

only .33 inch long.

87.

Colmubella giblierula.
Synonymy.

Columbella gibberula Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p.

115.

June. 1832,

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. Duel, in Chenu 111. Conch, pi. 12.
f.

1836.

5, 6.

1843.

Kiener Iconog. p. 44. pi. 15. f. 3. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 136. No.
136.
pi.

39.

f.

142-3.

1844. 1844.

Desh. in Laui. An. sans Vert. X.

292. No. 47.
.

Station.

In sandy mud,

at

11

fathoms depth

Cuming! Cuming!

Sowerby.
Habitat.

Bay

of Caraccas, and Puerto Portrero;

;

Sowerby

also Miiller.
;

Shores of Chili

Kiener.
;

Shores of Southern and Central America

Central America
;

Deshayes.

Jay.
!

Taboga Taboga

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS.

A.

We found 7
rated log.

specimens occupied by hermit crabs in a perfoThe northern boundary of Chili is the most extreme

COLUMBELLA.
southern

Panama

Shells.

89

authentic testimony goes, reached by any of the species which inhabit the Bay of Panama, and we have, therefore, some doubt of the accuracy of Kiener's statelimit, so far as

ment.
88.

Coliunbella gracilis.
;

Nov.

sp.

Shell long ovate conic upper whorls pale brown with irregular spots of darker reddish brown, mostly near the suture
;

is

and nearly covering the last whorl, on the periphery of which a whitish band articulated with arrow-headed brown spots
:

with very numerous small ribs, of which the posterior ends only remain on the back of the last whorl anteriorly with revolv;

ing

striae

apex acute

spire conic

whorls eight, scarcely con:

vex, with the suture distinctly impressed aperture narrow labrum variciform, rather sharp-edged, thickened behind, a lit:

tle sinuate posteriorly,

with a few granules inside

.3

columellar

lip

nearly smooth.

Mean
inch
:

divergence about 37 length of spire .2 inch.

length

inch

breadth .125

Var. with the color nearly uniform dingy brown.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We were indebted to the

89.

hermit crabs for 7 specimens.

Coluiiibella guttata.
Synonymy.

Columbella guttata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 118. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 88.
cribraria

June 1832.

May

1836.

Sowb. (non Lam.) Thes. Conch, No. 51. pi. 38. f. 112.

p. 129.

1844.

Mr. Sowerby, having relinquished the

the
p.

species,

has re-used

name

for quite a different species, in Proc. Zool. Soc.

p. 131. pi. 39.
f.

Lond.

50. Mar. 1844, and in Thes. Conch, * In

his

124.*

Index

this species is called C. punctate.

90

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^E.

have excluded from the synonymy the C. cribraria (Buccinum) of Lamarck and of some other authors, because at least

We

two species appear

One inhabits the to have been confounded. Panama zoological province, and the other, the Caribbean seas. The Caribbean type is that which generally bears the LamarckIn Jamaica, ian name in the collections of the United States. we have taken several varieties of it, all of which are distinKieguishable, by slight differences, from the Panama type.
ner's figures
"

(Buccinum,
les

pi.

16.

f.

57) resemble the Caribbean

rather than the Pacific type.

species
:

Habite

This author, however, says of the mers des Indes, 1'ile de 1' Ascension et les
est tres abondante." " les mers du Java,

cotes de Goree,

ou

elle

And Lamarck
M. Lesche-

gives as the habitat of his shell,

nault."

The Caribbean shell, however, has been described by Professor Dunker (Zeitschr. Malak. 1847. p. 64 and in Phil. Abbild. III. pi. 2. 7. 1849) under the name of Buccinum parvulum. Whether there be also an Indian species, which
;

furnished the

Lamarckian

type, remains

to

be ascertained.
f.

In the "Voyage of the Astrolabe," II. 421. pi. 30. we recognise the Caribbean type (badly colored). obtained at Ascension Island.
Station.

21, 22,
It

was

Under

stones

Cuming

Sowerby.
stones, not far

Our specimens were found under

water mark.
Habitat.

above low

Very common
Miiller.

at

Panama Cuming Sowerby

!

also

Panama; Jay. Taboga and Panama;

Mazatlan
;

C. B.

E. Jewitt

A. Gould MSS.
!

Most of our specimens were found at Taboga. We collected about 75 individuals of the type which is figured in the Thes. Conch., and as many of a type, which is much more finely and
densely dotted with the white or even reticulated only with the brown color. Most of the former are rather larger than the

COLUMBELLA.
;

Panama

Shells.

91

Some of figure referred to but the latter differ much in size. Individuals were by these are as small as the Caribbean type.
no means common
90.

at the time of

our

visit to

Panama.

Columbella haemastoma.
Synonymy.

Columbella hcemastoma Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p.

116.
Syst. pi. 257.
111.
f.

June 1832.
4. pi.

Reeve Conch.
5.
3, 4.
-

1842.

Duel, in Chenu,
f.

Conch,

1843.
p. 4. pi. 10. p.
f.

Kiener Iconog.

2.

Sowb. Thes. Conch, No. 3. pi. 36. f. 5. Reeve Elem. Conch,

f.34. a.
-

111.

1844.
pi.

7.

1848?
!

Station.

Under

stones

Cuming

Sowerby.
Is.
;

Habitat.

Panama, and the Gallapago

Shores of California
;

Cuming Sowerby.
!

Kiener.
;

Panama, Gallapago

Is.

California

Jay.

Panama

C. B.

specimen, in which the colors of the last whorl consist of two white and two brown alternating bands.
91.

We found but one dead

Columbella harpiformis.
Synonymy.

Columbella harpiformis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 113.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 80. Reeve. Conch. Syst. pi. 257. f. 3.
Griff.

June, 1832. 1836.

1842.
1834.
1843.

citharula

An. King. Moll. pi. 37. f. 2. Duel, in Chenu, 111. Conch, pi. 10.
f.

9, 10.

92
Columbella citharula

Panama

Shells.

Kiener Iconog. p. 54, pi. 16. f. 2. No. 6. harpiformis Sowb. Thes. Conch. 112.
pi.

36.

f.

10. 12.

1844,

Station.

On dead

Sowerby. water mark.

Habitat.

depth of 10 fathoms Cuming Our specimens were found under stones at lowshells at a
! ;

Bay of Panama Cuming Unknown Kiener.

;

Sowerby

also Miiller.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama Panama

Jay. C. B.

We obtained on the reef

92.

9 specimens of this rare shell.

Columbella labiosa.
/Synonymy.

Columbella labiosa Sowb. Gen. pt. Crouch Conch,

.

9.
pi.

f.

2.
f.

1824.
7.
f.

19.

1826.
2. pi. 45.

Reeve Conch.
Souleyet (?) f. 8-12.

Syst. pi. 258.

1842.

Voy. Bonite. Moll.

1844?
5. pi. 36.

Kiener Iconog. p. 6. pi. 3. f. 1. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 112. No.

f.

8, 9.

1844.

Station.

We found this species

Unknown
St.
;

under stones near low water

mark.
Habitat.

Kiener.'
! ;

Found abundantly at St. Elena Cuming

Elena
;

Sowerby.

Taboga

Jay. C. B. A.
;

We obtained 4 mature and 6 young specimens.

COLUMBELLA.
93.

Panama

Shells.

93

Colunibella lyrata.
Synonymy.

Columbella lyrata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

-

p.

114.

June 1832.
1836. 1842.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 82. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 257. f. 1.

Duel, in Chenu,

111.

Conch,
p. 138.

pi.
f.

10.
1.

f.

13, 14.

Kiener Iconog.
f.

p. 59. pi. 10.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

149.

No. 80.

pi.

39.

1844.

Station.

Under

stones

Cuming

were found under stones

Habitat

at

Sowerby. low water mark.

!

Our specimens

Bay

of

Panama and

Chiriqui

Cuming
"
;

Sowerby

also Miiller.

" Les rockers des cotes de

Panama

Kiener.

Panama Panama

Jay. C. B. A.

We
shell.

obtained on the reef 19 specimens of this beautiful

94.

Col umbel la major.

Synonymy.

Columbella major
gibbosa

Sowb.
p.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

-

Lond.

119

June 1832.
Rec. Obs.
II.

Valenc. in

Humb.

331?
major
gibbosa

1833.

Mull.

Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

-

p. 90.

May
111.

1836.

Duel, in Chenu, f. 5, 6 ?
1. a.

Conch,

pi. 5.

1843.
4. pi. 1.

strombiformis Var. Kiener Iconog. p.

f.

major

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

p. 1 10.
-

No.

2.

36.

f.

3, 4, 6.

1844.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X.

274. No. 19.

1844.
pi.

Desh. Traite Elem.

120.

f.

11, 12.

94:

Panama
Station.

Shells.

Sowerby. were found under stones near low water mark.

! ;

Under

stones

Cuming

Our specimens

Habitat.

I.

of Muerte

Cuming
Jay.
!

Sowerby
;

also Miiller.

Seas of South America

Central America
;

Deshayes.

Mazatlan

Lt.

Green

Gould MSS.

also

Mus.

Essex

Inst.
;

Panama
Taboga;

B. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS.
most of which were taken

A.

We
alive.

obtained 30 specimens,

They

are

more intensely colored than Mr. Sowerby's

figure,

and several have the spire more elevated.

95.

Coluinbella moclesta.
Synonymy.

Buccinum modestum Powis

Coluinbella modesta
/Station.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

pi.

Lond.
f.

p. 94.

June 1835.
Dec. 1846.

Reeve Conch. Icon. Gould MSS.

4.

19.

Muddy
!

gravel. at a depth ranging from 7 to 17

;

Cuming Powis also Eeeve. Our specimens were brought up by hermit crabs, which frequented rocks, and were especially numerous about a pile of
fathoms
;

railroad iron lying in the soft ooze not far above low water

mark.
Habitat.

Bay of Montija; Cuming! Powis: West Columbia Jay.

;

also Eeeve.

Santa Barbara

E. Jewett

Gould MSS.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected 80 specimens, mostly in good condition.

96.

ColiimbellaiiiGesta.

Nov.

sp.

Shell slender, subfusiform: black, or brownish black, with

the color less intense on the back of the last whorl:

upper

COLUMBELLA.

Panama

Shells.

95

whorls smooth or with one or two revolving strife; middle whorls with twelve to fifteen ribs, with the interstices spirally
striate
;

with the ribs and

striae

obsolete on the back of the last

:

whorl

more strongly

striated anteriorly

apex acute

spire

whorls eight, scarcely convex, with the suture lightly impressed: aperture long and narrow: labrum varicicoluform, very thick, sinuate posteriorly, crenulated within

very slender:

mellar lip nearly smooth. Mean divergence about 35

length

.3

inch

breadth .11

inch

length of spire .17 inch.

Station.

We found this
little

species about sticks

level.

and stones

in a

grove of

trees, a

above half tide

C. B. 'A.
!

Habitat.

Panama

58 specimens were obtained about two

97.

rniles

west of the

city.

Columbella nigricaiis.
Synonymy.

Columbella nigricans Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mar. 1844. Duel, in Chenu, 111. Conch, pi. 21. f. 7, 8.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

p. 143,

No. 95.

pi.

40.

172.

Station.

Our specimens were found under

stones,

between

half tide and low water mark.

Habitat.

Gallapago

Is.

Cuming Sowerby.
! !

Gallapago

Taboga

Is. Jay. E. Jewett Gould

;
;

MSS.
!

Panama and Taboga

We obtained

A. on the reef about 120 specimens of large

C. B.

size,

most of which are colored as described by Mr. Sowerby. About 500 specimens of small size were collected, among which
there
is

a great diversity of coloring.

Many have
Some
C.

band.

All shades of brown occur.

a white spiral of the small indi;

viduals are likely to be confounded with

parva Sowb.

but

96
in
C.

Panama
nigricans a revolving
ribs.

Shells.

PURPURIDJL

impressed line cuts the posterior

ends of the

98.

Columbella parva.
Synonymy.

Columbella parva Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud.

p. 52.
pi.

Mar. 1844.
40.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

p. 142.

No. 83.

170.

1844.

Station.

Under
p

stones

Cuming Sowerby.
!

Habitat.

Monte

Christi
;

Cuming Sowerby.
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

We found only
99.

one specimen.

Columbella pulchrior.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather long ovate with a whitish revolving band next below the suture articulated with large spots of a dark slate

with a translucent ground of pale yellowish brown, on which are placed in quincunx order rather numerous, exceswith one sively minute sharply denned dots of reddish brown
color
; ;

or two large irregular spots of dark brown near the end of the last whorl surface smooth and shining apex acute spire
: : :

conic

whorls six or seven, scarcely convex, with the suture

: :

labrum rather sharp, aperture narrow thickened behind, with a few granules inside columellar lip nearly smooth.
lightly impressed
:

Mean
inches
;

divergence about 4-5 length .15 inch of .075 inches. length spire
;

breadth .07

Station.

Under

stones near low water mark.

C. B.

Habitat.

Panama

A.

We
mens.

found of

this rare

and elegant

little shell

only 5 speci-

COLUMBELLA.
100.

Panama

Shells.

97

Coliimbella pygmaea.
Synonymy.

Columbella pygmcea Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 119.

June 1832.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 90. Sowb Thes. Conch, p. 141. No. 89.
40.
f.

May
pi.

1836.

163.

1844.
at a

Station.

On dead
!

shells in

sandy mud,

depth of 10

fathoms

Cuming Sowerby. Our specimens were found under

;

stones at low water mark.

:

Habitat.

St. St.

Elena

Cuming Sowerby
!
; '

also Miiller.

Elena Jav. /
;

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

collected

on the reef 185 specimens of this pretty

101.

species.

Col umbel la nigosa.

Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Columbella rugosa

Sowb.

Lond.

p.

115. June 1832.

Mull. Synops. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 84. Sowerbyi Duel, in Chenu, 111. Conch, pi. 19. f. bicolor Kiener Iconog. p. 46. pi. 16. f. 4. ?
niffosa

1836.
5. 6.
?

1843.

.Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 130. No. 53.

f.

pi.

38.

114-5.
varieties,

1844.

There are three principal

into each other.

The

first

freely graduate has a few distant tubercles on the

first
:

which

lower whorls

the second has ribs on the

part of the last

whorls, but they are rather short and wide in the third these ribs of the last whorl are narrow and long. Specimens of a diminutive size are very common. About two thirds of those

which we collected are from

one
fourth

.60 inch to .75 inch long

about

of

them

range
is

from

.35 inch

to .50 inch in

length.

The epidermis

brown, and very thin but tough.

! ;

Under stones Cuming Sowerby. /Station. Our specimens were found under stones between half and the low water mark of neap tides.

tide

98
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

PUKPURID^E.
!

Panama and Xipixapi

Miiller.

Cuming

Sowerby

also

Panama and Xipixapi

Real Llejos Morch. Panama and Taboga
; ;

Jay.

C. B.

A.

We collected about
102.

1500 specimens on the

reef,

where

it is

the most abundant species in the genus.

Coltiiiftbella

strombiibrmis.

Synonymy.
Columbella strombiformis

Lam. An. sans

No.
1.

Vert. VII. 293.

...
1.

Aug. 1822.
1842.

Sowb. Gen.

- pi.

f.

1.

Desh. in Encyc. Meth. Vers.

p. 251. (pag. ser. 1.) No. Blainv. Malac. pi. 29. f. 23.

II.

1830.

May, 1825.
4.

Buccinum
Columbella

strombiforme

Wood
f.

Ind. Test. Supp.

pi.

18.
II.

1828.
-

strombiformis

Valenc. in Hurnb. Rec. Obs.

330.

1833.
Syst.
pi.

Reeve Conch.
f.

257.

1.

(male.}
in
f.

1842.
111.

Duel,

Chenu,
7, 8.

Conch.

pi. 5.

Kiener Iconog.

p. 3. pi. 1.

f.

1.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. 429. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 110.

1843.

No. No.
Station.

1. pi.

36.

f.

1. 2. -

1844.
1844.

Lam. An.
1.

sans Vert.

X. 266.

Desh. Ed.

Unknown.
Coasts of Acapulco
;

Habitat.

Humboldt and Bonpland

Bonpland
!

Lamarck. Acapulco
ciennes.
;

Humboldt and
Deshayes
!

Valen-

Coasts of Peru
I.

also Kiener.

of Muerte

Cuming

Sowerby.

COLUMBELLA.

Panama

Shells.

99

Acapulco; Lesson. Payta Fontaine D'Orbigny. Mazatlan Melchers Menke.

! ;
!

Acapulco Mazatlan

Jay.
Lt.

Green

Gould MSS.

Taboga;

C. B.

A.

We

obtained only 1 specimen.

103.

Columbella
:

tesselata.

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather long ovate

dark sea-green, tinged with black

;

or brown, fading to a brownish red

more or

less tesselated

with nearly quadrangular white spots

with about

fifteen stout

approximate ribs, which lean forward, and which are obsolete on the back of the last whorl with all the surface ridged by
;

strongly impressed revolving

stride

apex acute

spire conic
:

aperture eight, scarcely convex, with a distinct suture rather long: labrum variciform, thick behind, a little sinuate columellar lip posteriorly, with three or four granules inside
:

whorls

slightly granulous.

Mean
.105 inch

divergence about 48 length, of inch. .13 length spire,

;
;

.225 inch

breadth,

This species resembles the small variety of C. nigricans. It also resembles C. lentiginosa Hinds (Zool. Sulph. Moll. pi. 10. f. but the latter is repre21, 22), in coloring and sculpture
;

sented as being
Station.

much wider and

as

having a short

spire.

This species was

found under stones, near low

water mark.
Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected 27 specimens.
104.

Columbella turrita.
Synonymy.

Columbella turrita

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 115.

June, 1832.

100

Panama

Shells.

PURPURID^E.
1836.

Columbella turrita Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 83. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 135. No. 73.
pi.

39.

f.

137.

1844.
1844.
at a

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. 10. 290.

No. 44.
/Station.

In coarse gravel and sandy mud,

depth of 10

fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.

Habitat.

of Montija and St. Elena, Central America Deshayes.

Bay

Cuming

Sowerby.

St.

Elena

Jay.
C. B.

Panama;

A.

We were indebted to a hermit crab for one

105.

specimen.

Coliimbella varia.
Synonymy.

Columbella varia Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p.

116.

June 1832.
1836.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 86. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 130. No.
pi.

54.

39.

f.

116-7.

1844. 1844.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 282.

No. 31.
Station.

Under
;

stones

Cuming

Sowerby

also Miiller.

Under
mark.

stones

Deshayes.
species in the

We found this
Habitat.

same

situation near

low water

Panama Panama Panama

Cuming

Sowerby
: !

also Miiller.

Deshayes C. B. A.

also Jay.

We
a

collected about

380 specimens on the

reef.

This species, when deprived of the epidermis, presents in full suite of specimens a great variety of shades of brown,

from orange to blackish brown, for the most part beautifully variegated with spots, and a spiral band of pure white.

RICINULA.
106.

Panama

Shells.

101

Colllllftbella !-

-.

Sp. indet.

We
at

obtained, under stones, at low water mark, on the reef

species, which appears like a has stout ribs transverse to the direction.

Panama, two specimens of a

it

small Conus, but

It

may be a young shell known to us.

107.

Columbella, but

it is

not the young of any

Ricimila carbonaria
Synonymy.

Ricinula carbonaria Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 4.

f.

22.

Oct. 1846.

Under

stones at low water mark.

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Eeeve.
;

Philippines Jay. OK Jewett

Taboga and Panama If Dr. Jay's shell is the same as

;

Gould MSS. C. B. A. ours, there must be an error

!

in his statement of habitat.

at

We collected 70

specimens, mostly

Taboga and partly

108.

at

Panama.
Nov.
sp.

Ricimila jugosa.
:

Shell with a rhomboidal outline

cles

mostly white

mostly dark brown tuberwith a white fascia next below the peri;

with some of the tubercles partly phery of the last whorl rufous with eight or nine very prominent transverse ridges, which are crossed by ten or eleven spiral ridges, of which three or four appear on the spire with the intersections sharply tuber;

culous

with fine spiral

striae

apex acute

spire

conic

whorls eight or nine, convex, with a moderately impressed

suture
:

ened by

aperture rather long the last ridge, which

is

labrum rather sharp, strengthvery long, scalloped by the

:

spiral ridges,

with corresponding plaits within inner lip excavated above, with a few wrinkles above and granules below canal moderately long. This species is much like a Murex.
;

102

Panama
divergence 55
:

Shells.

Mean

length, .94 inch

breadth, .47 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat..

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only one specimen was obtained.

109.

Ricinula Reeviana.
Synonymy.

Buccinum pulchrum

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

11.

f.

80.

Dec. 1846.

Mr. Eeeve's
Ricinula.
Station.

specific

name

of this shell

is

preoccupied in

Under

stones, near
;

low water mark.

!

Habitat.

Gallapago

Is. Cuming Eeeve. Panama and Taboga C. B. A.

;

110 specimens were

collected.

no.

Cassis
Synonymy.

Cassis abbreviata

--lactea

__ __
abbreviata

Bonanni Recr.
List.

III.

f.

157.
f.

1684.

Conch,

t.

Fauna Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 224. No.

Blainv.

65._(Dillw. Ed.) Franc. Moll. p. 194.

12.

1000.

1688.

Aug. 1822.

Kiener Iconog. p. 33. Kiener Iconog. p. 35.

Lara.

15. pi. 16. pi.

f.

31. 35.
12.

f.

An. sans Vert. X. 30. No.

8.
f.

Desh. Ed. Reeve Conch. Icon.

1844.
pi.

18.

Sept. 1848.

This

species, like its

analogue,

0. inflate,

has remarkable

varieties of color
Station.

and of sculpture.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Lusitanico litore

Bonanni.
;

Shores of Portugal, according to Bonanni marck.

La-

CASSIS.

Panama

Shells.

103

Unknown
Acapulco
;

Kiener.

Reeve.
C. B.

Panama

A.

7 specimens were found.

ill.

Bonanni

is

undoubtedly in

error.

Cassis coarctata.
Synonymy.

Cassis

coarctata

Sowb. Tank. Catal. No. 1826.

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4.

p. 21.
f.

1825.

Buccinum coarctatum Wood.

Cassis
coarctata

5.

1828. 1833.

Valenc. in

Humb.

Rec. Obs.

II.
f.

313.

Kiener Iconog.

p. 19. pi. 8.

15.

Lam. An. sans

27. Desh. Ed.

Vert.

X. 40. No.
1844.
6.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi.

f.

14.

Aug. 1848.

In crevices of rocks

Cuming
be a

Eeeve.

Habitat.

"We

believe

it

to

New

Zealand shell;"

Sowerby.

Unknown
Acapulco
;

Wood. Humboldt & Bonpland

at at

Valenciennes.

The shores of Peru, The shores of Peru,

;

Acapulco

Kiener.

Acapulco
!

Deshayes.

Gallapago Is. Cuming Reeve. Mazatlan Melchers Menke.

!

Peru, Acapulco

Jay.
;

Lower

California
in

Major Rich
California
;

Gould MSS.
Lt.

San Juan,

Lower
A.

Green

Gould

MSS.
Taboga
;

also

Museum
!

of Essex Inst.

C. B.

We obtained one dead,

but nearly perfect specimen.

its

In copying Kiener's statement, Deshayes has partly, and

Dr. Jay has wholly, dropped
absurdity.
It

does not, how-

ever, appear obvious, whether Kiener intended to name two is in Peru Compare, howhabitats, or to say that Acapulco
!

ever, his description of the habitat of

Dolium ringens above.

104
112.

Panama

Shells.

STROMBIDJE.

Oniscia tiiberculosa.
Synonymy.

Oniscia tuberculosa

Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 253. f. 2-4. Lara. An. sans Vert. X. 13. No. 2. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 5.

1842.

1844.

Aug. 1849.
!

/Station.

In

clefts

of rocks at low water

Cuming

Eeeve.

Habitat.

South Seas
Gallapago
Australia
;

Deshayes.
;

Is.

Cuming

Eeeve.

Jay.
in

San Juan,

Lower
A.

California

Lt.

Green

Gould

MSS.
Taboga

also

Mus. Essex
!

Inst.

C. B.

We think Dr. Jay must have been misinformed. We found 2 specimens, one mature and one young
were dead, but nearly
perfect.

both

Family
113.

STEOMBID^E.

Conus briiimeus.
/Synonymy.

Conus brunneus

Wood

Ind. Test. Supp.

pi. 3.

f.

1.

1828.

Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

p. 18.
p. 123.

Mar.

1834. 1836. 1841.

May

Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 57. f. 88. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 14. f. 72. Lam. An. sans Vert. X. 127. No. 182.
Kiener Iconog.
Station.
p. 24. pi. 15.
f.

June 1843.
1845.

1.

In

clefts

of rocks

Cuming

Sowerby

also Eeeve.

Our specimens were found

water mark.
Habitat.

in a similar situation, near

low

Unknown
Gallapago
ing
!

Wood.
Puerto Portrero, and Panama
: ;

Is.,

Cum-

Sowerby

also

Eeeve

also Muller.

CONUS.

Panama

Shells.

105
:
;

Panama, and the Gallapagos Deshayes

also Kiener.

Panama; Taboga
;

Jay.
C. B.

A.

found 4 specimens. Deshayes's words are, "L'ile de * * que Ton rencontre assez fre'quemment a Panama et aux Gallapagos." In several instances this author

We

Panama;

appears to have fallen into the geographical error of supposing

Panama

to

be an

island.

114.

Conns gladiator.
Synonymy.

Conus gladiator Brod.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 55.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 121.

Apr. 1833. May 1836.

1841.

Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 33. f. 34. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 22. f. 127.
Kiener Iconog.
p. 25. pi. 15.
f.

Aug. 1843.
pi.

4.

and

109.

f.

4.

Station.

Broderip.

In sandy In soft

mud mud

in the clefts of rocks in the clefts

of rocks

Cuming Cuming

Eeeve.

We

found

this species

at
less

low water mark, mostly under

mingled with sand.
also

stones which were

Habitat.

more or

Panama; Cuming! Broderip:

Miiller.
; :

Reeve: also

Panama Sowerby also Kiener and Panama and Taboga C. B. A.

:

Jay.

We collected

70 specimens.
115.

Conus mahogani.
Synonymy.

Conus makogani Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 22. f. 126. Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 169.
-

Au-. 1843.
Dec.
1843.

Kiener Iconog.
;

p.

170.

pi. 74.

f.

3.

/Station.

Sandy mud

Cuming Reeve.
!

106

Panama

Shells.

STROMBID^E.

Our specimens were found crawling on a beach, of clean and and half tide level. very wet sand, between low water mark
Habitat.

Salango

Cuming

Reeve.
;

Pacific Ocean, shores of Columbia

Kiener.

Salango; Jay.

We

Taboga; C. B. A.! collected 3 living and 14 dead specimens.

116.

Conns mix.
Synonymy.

Conus nux Brod. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 54. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 120. Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 32. f. 31. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 20. f. 110; Lam. An. sans Vert. XL 129. No. 185. Kiener Iconog. p. 47. pi. 11. f. 3. and pi. 102.
Station.

Apr.

1833.
1836.

May

1841.

Aug. 1843.
1844.
f.

2.

Unknown.
Gallapago
Is.
;

Habitat.

Cuming

Broderip
also

also

Keeve

also Miiller.

Sowerby Gallapago Is. Kiener and Jay.

;
:

Deshayes

and

Taboga;

C. B.

A.

We obtained only 2
117.

small specimens.

Con us princeps.
Synonymy.
1758.

Conus princeps

Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 713. No. 256. (Ed. 10.) Linn. Syst. Nat. I. 713. (Ed. 10. alt.) Linn. Mus. Ulrica;, p. 552. No. 156.

1760.
1764.

Linn. Syst. Nat.

p.

La Robe

Persienne Favanne's

DArgenv.

1167. No. 297. (Ed. 12.) II. 546. pi. xvii. B.

1767. 1780.
l^SS.

Conus princeps
regius

Gmel. No.

in
9.

Linn. Syst. Nat. VI. 3378.

17. pi. 138.
f.

Chem. Conch. Cab. X.

1276.

1788.

CONUS.
Conus
princeps
regius

Panama

Shells.

107
1806.
1810. 1817.

Turt. in Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 313. Lam. in Ann. Mus. XV. 31. No. 10.

Dillw. Catal.

I.

368.

Blainv. Diet, des Sc. Nat.

X. 251.

1818.

Wood
Lam.
princeps
regius

Ind. Test. pi. 14. f. 25. An. sans Vert. VIII. 446. No. 10.
111.

1818.

Aug. *& 1822.

1821.

Swains. Zool.

1st Ser. II. pi. 86.

princeps
regius
lineolatus

Encyc. Meth. pi. 318. f. 3. Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

Valenc. in
Valenc. in

1824.
p. 55.

Humb. Humb.

Rec. Obs.
Rec. Obs.

II.

336.

Apr. 1833. 1833.

1833.

II.

336. (var.)

princeps
regius

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 122. Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 59. N. 44. pi. 9.

1836.
f.

3.

1838.

princeps

regius

Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 32. f. 30, 30 a, 30 b. 1841. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 36. Mar. 1843. Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 13. No. 10. Desh. ed. 1845. Kiener Iconog. p. 15. pi. 3. f. 2, and pi. 11. f. 4. Chenu Lee. Elem. pi. 12. f. 5. 1847.

Three
1.

varieties of coloring
stripes
:

have been found,

;

as follows
fig.

With broad
a.

Lister's fig.

Wood's
f.

Reeve
fig.

var.

and

fig.

36

a.

Kiener
to
;

pi. 3.

Chenu's

in Lee.

Elem.
2.

According
stripes
b.
;

Mr. Reeve,
C.

this is the

Linnsean type.

With
f. f.

linear
a.,

lineolatus
b.

Valenc.
fig.

Sowb.
Kiener
var.

C.
pi.

111.

30
4.

30

Reeve

var.

and

36

b.

11.

3.

Without
fig.

stripes
c.

Sowb.

C.

111.

pi.

30

Reeve

c.

and

36

Station.

ing

In sandy or soft Broderip also Reeve.

:

mud

in the crevices of rocks

Cum-

Our specimens were found under

Habitat.

stones at low water.

Unknown

Linnasus

also Grmel.

Indies; Turton.
Asiatic Ocean
Catal. "
;

Dillwyn

also

Lamarck

also Bligh

Pacific Ocean, shores of Mexico,

Bay

of

Panama

;"

Kiener.

108

Panama

Shells.

STROMBIDJS.

Asiatic Ocean, Philippines

Jay.

San Juan,

in

Lower

California; Lt. Green!

Gould

MSS.
Hob. of Var.
1.

Asiatic Ocean
;

Wood. Humboldt and Bonpland ValenAcapulco

;
!

ciennes.

Panama Cuming Reeve.

;
!

Mazatlan
Hob. of Var.
2.

Melchers

Menke.
!

Acapulco
St.

Humboldt and Bonpland Valen-

ciennes.

Elena and Panama

Christi

Cuming
;

Broderip

also Muller.

Monte
St.

and Panama

Sowerbj.

Elena, Central America,

Panama

Cum-

ing! Reeve. Panama C. B. A.

;

Hob. of Var.

3.

Panama and Monte

derip.

Christi

Cuming

Bro-

Monte Monte

Christi,

Christi
;

Panama; Sowerby. Cuming Reeve.

!

Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected 8 specimens of var. 3, and 1 of var. 2. It will be observed that there is no original testimony for any habitat
out of the

Panama
us.

zoological province.

Conus purpurascens.
Synonymy.

Conus purpurascens

Brod.

in

Proc.

Zool.

Soc.

Lond.
April 1833.

p. 54.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 121.

May

1836. 1841.

Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 25. f. 13. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 19. f. 105. Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 134. No.
193. Desb. Ed.

July 1843.
1845.

CON US.
Conus purpurascens

Panama
Kiener Iconog.

Shells.

109
pi.

p.
3.

189.

39.

f.

2.

and
Station.

pi.

61.

f.

Sandy mud

in the clefts of rocks

Cuming

Brode-

rip

also Reeve.
at

Our specimens were found under stones

mark.
Habitat.

extreme low water

Panama; Cuming! Broderip

Miiller.

also

Reeve:

also

Annaa; Sowerby. San Bias Hinds San Bias Hinds Reeve.

;

Panama Kiener also Deshayes. Panama and San Bias Jay. Panama C. B. A.
;
:

12 specimens on the reef. Is there not an error in Sowerby's statement ? It appears to want confirmation.

We collected

A variety
spire
lines

(?) differs

in being
outline,

more

slender, in

having a convex

and a subovoid

with a few distant elevated spiral

over the whole surface.

119.

Conns

regalitatis.

Synonymy.
Conus
regalitatis

Sowb. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Miill. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

p. 19.

Mar. 1834.

p. 124.

May

1836.
1841.

Sowb. Conch. Reeve

f. 87. pi. 57. Conch. Icon. pi. 40. f. 218.

111.

Jan. 1844.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

Kiener Iconog.
Station.

XL

133. No. 192.

f.

1845.

p. 237. pi. 39.

3.

In the

clefts

of rocks on sandy

mud

Cuming

Sowerby

also Reeve.
this species

We

found

under stones
;

at

extreme low water.

:

Habitat.

Real Llejos

Cuming
;

Sowerby

also Reeve.

RealLlejos; Deshayes. Shores of Peru Kiener.

110

Panama
Real Llejos and

Shells.

STROMBID^E.

Panama
A.
!

Jay.

Panama

C. B.

specimens, one of which exceeds three inches in length. May not C. achatinus in Menke's catalogue of MaC. achatinus belongs zatlan shells be identical with this species ?
to another

We collected 9

and distant zoological province.

120.

Conns regularis.
Synonymy.

Conus

recfularis

Sowb. Conch.
f.

111.

pi.

29.

f.

29. pi. 36.

45.

1841.
Sept. 1843.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 26. f. 126. Lam. An. sans Vert. XI. 132. No. 189.
Kiener Iconog.
p. 124.

1845.

23. pi.

f.

3.

(var.)

Mr. Sowerby's reference to Z. P. 1841,

verify.
Station.

we

are unable

to

Soft

mud

at

the depth of 23 fathoms and at 7

fathoms; Hinds! Reeve. Gulf of Nicoya and Habitat.

Panama

Hinds

Reeve.

Gulf of Nicoya
Philippine
Is.
;

Deshayes. Kiener.
!

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.
;

Gulf of Nicoya and Panama Jay. Guaymas Lt. Green Gould MSS.
! ;

Taboga

C. B.

A.

Kiener has doubtless been misinformed.

imperfect specimen of this very rare shell.
121.

We found

only 1

Conns

vittatus.

/Synonymy.
Conns

vittatus

Knorr Vergn. Ill Theil. pi. 11. f. Lam. in Ann. Mus. XV. 267. No. Dilhv. Catal. I. 390. No. 67.

3.

1768.
1810.
1817. 1818.

63.

Wood.

Ind. Test.

pi.

15.

f.

63.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. VII. 470. No. 63.

Aug. 1822.

STROMBUS.
Conus
vittatus

Panama
Lam.
in

Shells.

Ill
f.

Encyc. Metli.

pi.

335.
f.

3.

1824.

Sowb. Conch.

El. pi. 28.

21.
f.

1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 14.

75.

June 1843.
1845.

Lam. An. sans

Vert.

XI. 49. No. 63.

Desk

ed.
p. 110.
pi. 63.
f.

Kiener Iconog.
/Station.
!

5.

In coarse sand, at a depth of from 7 to 11 fathoms

Eeeve.
at

Cuming Our specimens were found

Habitat.

low water mark.

Asiatic

Wood: also Lamarck: and Kiener. Bays of Panama and Montij a; Cuming! Keeve. Panama Jay.
Ocean
; ;

Taboga

C. B.

A.
is

The

first-named habitat

probably erroneous

it
;

does not

appear to be authenticated

by any

conchological traveller.

obtained 4 fine living specimens, of which two have an orange tinge, and two have a tinge of brownish purple.
122.

We

S trombus galea.
Synonymy.

S trombus galea
galeatus

Wood
also

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4.

f.

f.

13

14

jr.

1828.

Gray

Descr. Catal. p. 2 (2d Ser. pag.)

2.
-

No.
10.

June 1832.
1842.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

p. 36.

No. 54.

pi.

114.

Kiener Iconog. p. 5. pi. 2. Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 710. No.
33. (Desh. ed.) Duel, in Chenu 111. Conch,

1843.
pi.

26, 27.

f.

1.

1843.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 751.

-

No. 33. (Desh. ed. tert.) Kust. Conch. Cab. p. 13. pi. 4a.
pi. 45.
f.

1844.
1845.

f.

5.

1, 2.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi.

13.

Nov. 1850.
!

On

the reefs at low water

Cuming

Eeeve.

112
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

STROMBID^.

Unknown
Peru
;

"Wood.

Gray. Mazatlan Kiener

;

also Duclos.

Sea of California

Gulf of Nicoya Pacific Ocean

;

Cuming
!

Deshayes. Keeve.
!

Kiister.

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.
;

Gulf of Nicoya

&
A.

California
!

Jay.

Taboga

C. B.

Many

fragments only of this shell were seen.

123.

Strom bus

gracilior.

Synonymy.
Strombus gracilior Sowb.
in

Tank. Catal. No. 1792.

p. 20.

1825.

Wood
f.

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 1. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 32. No. 35. pi. 8.
73.
-

1828.
1842.

Kiener Iconog.

Lam. An.

p. 31. pi. 21. f. 1. sans Vert. IX. 713.

.

No. 36.
1843.
6, 7.

(Desh. ed.) Duclos in Chenu

111.

Conch,

pi. 17.

f.

1843.

Lam. An. sans

(Desh.
Kiist.

Vert. III. p. 752. No. 36.

eel. tert.)

1844.
p. 36. pi. 4cr.
pi.
f.

Conch. Cab.

6, 7.

1845.
Jan. 1851.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

16.

f.

38.

Sandy mud
Eeeve.

at a

depth of from 6 to 10 fathoms

Cuming

Habitat.

Unknown

Wood
;

also Duclos.

South Seas Sowerby. Shore of California Kiener

;

also Kiister.

Seas of California
St.

Elena

& Panama,
;

Deshayes. Central America

Cuming

Eeeve.

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.

California

&

Tahiti

Jay.

STROMBUS.

Panama
La Paz
Essex
;

Shells.

113
;

Lt.
Inst.

Green

Gould MSS.

also

Mus.

Taboga; C. B. A.!
obtained only 1 dead, but nearly perfect specimen. Eeeve's statement is an example of a common ambiguity.

We

Mr.

The

phraseology implies that St. Elena

and Panama are

in Central

America
arises,

but neither place being in that country, the question whether Central America is named as a third locality.
;

Looking over the habitats mentioned by English, and French, and German authors, many such examples occur and in view
:

of the acknowledged superiority of Europeans in all departments of science, such geography is exceedingly perplexing to

an American.
If the
locality
it

Tahiti,

mentioned

by Dr.

Jay,

can

be

authenticated,

will be a

very important

fact of distribution.

124.

Strombus

graiiulatus.

Synonymy.
Slrombus granulatus Swains,
in Bligli Catal.

App.

p. 8.

May

1822.
1828.

Wood

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 4. f. 21. Swains. Exot. Conch, p. 36. (Hanley ed.)

1841.
p. 33,

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

No. 39.
1842.
1.

9.

f.

100.
p. 28. pi. 22.
f.

Kiener Iconog.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. IX. 713. No.

37. (Desh. ed.) Duclos in Chenu

f.

1843.
111.

Conch,

11. pi.

5, 6.

1843.
III. Pt.
2. p.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

Kiist.

752. No. 37. (Desh. ed.

tert.)

1844.

Conch. Cab.

Reeve

1845. p. 64. pi. 13. f. 13. Jan. 1851. Conch. Icon. pi. 14. f. 32.
at the

In sandy Cuming! Eeeve.

Station.

mud

depth of from 6 to 8 fathoms

114
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

STKOMBID^E.

Unknown

Wood
;

also
:

Seas of India

Kiener

also

Sowerby. Duclos
;

also Kiister.

Seas of India, according to Kiener

St.

Elena
;

&

Mazatlan

Gallapago Is Cuming Melchers Menke.

; ! ;

Deshayes. Reeve.

Central America

Jay.
!

La Paz Panama
;

Lt.
;

Green
A.

Mus. Essex
!

Inst.

E. Jewett
C. B.
!

Gould MSS.

Taboga

collected 7 dead specimens. have received a number of specimens from the Sandwich Islands, but cannot vouch
for this locality.

We

We

125.

8 trombus Perwvianiis.
Synonymy.

Strombus Peruvianus Swains. Zool. 111. 2nd in Index, No. 1 on

Ser.
plate.

No. 39
1823.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 250. f. 3. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 34. No. 42. 110 pi. 10. f.
Kiener Iconog.
p. 11. pi. 8.

1842.

1842.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 712. No.

35. (Desh. ed.)
Duel.* in
f.

1843.

Chenu

111.

Conch,
III.

pi. 22.

1, 2.

1843.
Pt.
2.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

p.

752. No. 35. (Desh. ed.

tert.)
f.

1844.
1.

Kiist.

Conch. Cab.

p. 24. pi. 5a.

1845.
Dec. 1850.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

6. pi. 5.

On

the reefs at low water

Cuming

Reeve.

clean sandy beach at low On Dec. 6th (1850) there were many seen alive but water. on revisiting the place, Dec. 31, only 2 or 3 dead shells could

Our -specimens were taken on a

be found.
Habitat.

Peru, and near

Panama

Swainson.

Unknown

Sowerby.

TKITOX.

Panama
Shores of Peru
;

Shells.

115

Kiener

also Deshayes.
;"

"Le Perou
Bay
Peru; Jay.

et je crois la
;

of Caraccas

mer Eouge Cuming Reeve.

! !

Duclos.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We collected 24 specimens.
Notwithstanding the opinion of Duclos, we are very sceptical of the identity of an} .Red Sea species with those species which
r

inhabit this continent.

Family
126.

MURICIDJE.

Triton Cheiimitzii.
Synonymy.

Argo-buccinum

nodosum Chem. Conch. Cab. IV. 98.

131.
f.

pi.

1255-6.
3547. No. 78.
p. 110.

1780.
1788.

Murex argus
Triton

var. (3 pars.

Gmel.

in Linn. Syst.

Chcmnitzii

Fusus
Cassidaria

Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. Wiegmanni Anton Verzeich. p. 77.

Hinds
teste

1839.

1839.
1844.

setosa

Reeve.
pi.

Triton

Chemnitzii

Reeve Conch. Icon.

11.

f.

37.

May

Fusus
Triton

Wiegmanni
perforatus

Phil. Abbild. II. pi. 2. f. 2. 4. var. Con. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.

1845.
Feb. 1849.

IV. 156.

.-

Con. in Jouru. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil.

new

ser. I.

280.

pi.

39.

f.

6. var.

1849. 1850.

nodomm
Station.

Mke.

in Zeitschr.

Malak.

p.

189.

In sandy mud,

at the

depth of 6 fathoms

Cuming

Reeve.

We found this species under stones at extreme low water mark.

Habitat.

Panama Cuming Reeve. Panama Philippi also Jay. Lower California or Peru Conrad.
!
;

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.
;

Panama, and Taboga

C. B.

A.

We

collected 9 specimens.

116
127.

Panama.

Shells.

MURICID^E.

Triton constrictus.
Synonymy.

?-

Triton constrictus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. - decussatum Valenc. Humb. Rec, Obs. II. 306.
-

5.

Jan. 1833.

1833. 1836.

constrictus

Mull. Synop.

Nov.

Reeve Conch.
Station.

Test. Viv. p. J01. Icon. pi. 12. f. 41.

May

1844.

Broderip
Habitat.

In sandy mud, in from 7 to 10 fathoms; Cuming! also Eeeve.

Monte
also

Christi,

and Xipixapi
also Mliller.

Cuming
!

Broderip

Eeeve
;

Acapulco

Humboldt and Bonpland

A.
!

Valenciennes.

(Triton decussatum.)

Panama

C. B.

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 4 specimens.

128.

Triton

fiisoides.

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate-fusiform, slender: whitish, stained with brown, with a white spiral stripe near the middle of the whorls with prominent narrow not approximate ribs, about nine on each
:

whorl, crossed

by numerous

raised fine spiral lines, of

:

which
:

the alternate ones are mostly larger apex acute spire conic whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed suture aperture
:
:

long subovate

canal short.
;

Mean
inch.

divergence about 35

length .76 inch

breadth .28

Station.

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

We

obtained only 1 specimen.

129.

Triton gibbosus.
Synonymy.

Triton yibbosus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 7.

Jan. 1833.

TRITON.

Panama

Shells.

117

Triton gibbosus Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p 102. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 14. f. 38. pi. 11.
38. var.

May
f.

1836.

June 1844.
S.

Mr. Reeve's reference to Proc. Z.

misprint.
Station.

1844 appears

to

be a

Coarse sand at the deptli of 7 fathoms

:

Cuming

Broderip
Habitat.

also Reeve.

Panama, and
also Reeve.

Monte
A.

Christi

Cuming! Broderip:

Panama

C. B.

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 5 specimens.

130.

Triton

ligiiarius.

Synonymy.
Triton lignarius Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
-

p. 5.

Jan. 1833.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 101. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 13. f. 40.

May

1836.

June 1844.
1844.

Hinds
f.

in

Voy. Sulph. Moll.

"

p. 12. pi. 4.

15. 16.

Station.
!

Sandy mud
:

Cuming Broderip

depth of from 7 to 12 fathoms also Reeve.

at a
;

Sandy mud 7 fathoms

Habitat.

Hinds

Puerto Portrero, and Panama

also Muller.

Cuming

Broderip

Puerto Portrero, Reeve.

St.

Elena, and

Panama; Cuming!

Monte

Christi
;

Hinds
!

Mazatlan

Melchers

Menke.

Panama; Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

obtained one small but perfect specimen of this very The varix at the labrum is enormously elegant species.
developed.

We

The

shell

was occupied by a hermit

crab.

118
131.

Panama

Shells.

Triton

vestitiis.

/Synonymy.
Triton vestitus Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 21. - Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 20. f. 101.
-

Feb. 1844.

Aug. 1844.
1844.

Hinds

in

Voy. Sulph. Moll.

pi. 4.

f.

1. 2.

Station.

Among

the rocks on the shore

Hinds

copied

by

Reeve.

Our specimens were obtained under

mark.
Habitat.

stones near low water

Real Llejos, Gulf of Nicoya, and Hinds copied by Reeve.

!

Bay

of

Honda

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We obtained 4 specimens of this beautiful species.

TRITON VESTITUS
?

VAR. SENIOR.
little

We

found also near

It

Panama
is

a shell which differs but

from the preceding.

not so deeply colored, and is lengthened by the addition of another whorl, and consequently it has an additional varix.

The
shell

sculpture of the lower whorls

is

is less

prominent

and the

distorted.
132.

Ranella

caelata.

Synonymy.
Ranclla
ccelata

Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 179. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 100.

Oct.

1832.

May

1836.
1841. 1842.

Sowb. Conch. Reeve Conch.

semiyranosa Kiener
ca'Jafa

111.

No.

8. pi. 85.

f.

8.

Syst. pi. 241. f. 8. (non Lam.) p. 19. pi. 11.

f.

2.

Lam. An. sans

Ed.)

Vert. IX. 554. No. 21. (Desh.

-

1843.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

III.

Pt. 2. p. 697. No.

-

21. (Desh. ed. tert.) Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 3.

1844.

f.

10.

July 1844.

According to Deshayes and to Reeve, Kiener has fallen into an error in confounding with this species the R. semigranosa of

RANELLA.
Lamarck.
Kiener's
pi.

Panama
Is not

/Sheik.

119

Deshayes also in

error,

when he

refers Kiener's

figures to the Larnarckian species ?

text

the reference to

pi.

Deshayes has copied from II., which is a misprint for

eroded over

XI.
is

The apex

always eroded, and

of the spire. The individuals the degree of development of the granules. are from 2 to 2.3 inches long.
/Station.

many are differ much

much

in number and in Some of the shells

Under
;

stones
!

Cuming

Broderip.

Under
tides

stones

at

low water

Cuming

Reeve.

We found

this species

under

stones between the low water

mark of the neap

and that

of the spring tides.

Habitat.

Panama Panama
Panama Panama

Cuming Broderip also Reeve. Sowerby also Kiener and Deshayes

!

and Jay.
;

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS.
reef.

A.

We collected 190

specimens on the

133.

Ranella iiaun.
/Synonymy.

Ranella nana Brod. and Sowb.

-

in Zool. Journ.

IV. 376.
p. 51.
f.

1829.

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

111.

Lond.
85.
f.

June 1841.
1841. 1842.

Sowb. Conch.
Reeve Conch.

No.

6. pi.

6.

Syst. pi. 241.

pi.

6.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

6.

f.

29.

July 1844.
;

Station.

Sowerby. Reeve.
Habitat.

Coarse sand at the depth of 7 fathoms Coarse sand at the depth of 10 fathoms
"

Cuming Cuming

Ad

insulam Panama, Philippinarum

also Jay.

;"

Cuming!

Sowerby.

Panama Panama

Sowerby

Cuming

Reeve.

120 Mazatlan
;

Panama
Melchers
C. B.

Shells.

MURICIDJ3.

Menke.

Panama

A.

Mr. Sowerby's statement of habitat, in the Proc. Z. S., is found two specimens occupied by hermit not intelligible.

We

crabs.

One

of the shells

is

perfect

and very

elegant.

134.

Ranella nitida.
Synonymy.

Ranella nitida Brod. in Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond.

-

p. 179.

Oct.

1832. 1836.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 99.

May

Sowb. Conch.

111.

No.

4. pi. 84.

f.

4.

1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 9. pi. 2. f. 2. Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 557. No. 25.

(Desk ed.) Lam. An. sans

1843.
2.

Vert. III. Pt.

p.

698.

No. 25. (Desh. ed. tert.) Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 8. f. 45.
Station.

1844.

July 1844.

Under

stones

Cuming

Broderip.

Our specimens

were found under stones near low water mark.

Habitat.

Bay of Caraccas
also Muller.

Cuming

Broderip

also

Reeve

Columbia

Sowerby. Shores of Columbia Kiener.

;
;

West Columbia

Deshayes.
;

Bay of Caraccas Jay. Panama E. Jewett Gould MSS. Panama C. B. A.

! ;
!

We collected 300

specimens.

135.

Ranella plicata.
Synonymy.

Ranella plicata Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi.

7. f.

33.

July 1844.

Unknown.

MUREX.
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

121

Unknown
Panama
;

Reeve.

C. B.

A.

We collected

6 specimens of this very aberrant species.

136.

.Mum duMus.
Synonymy.

Murex

aculeatus

dubius

Wood (non Lam.) Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 5. f. 19. 1828. Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 119. pi. 61. f. 23. 1841. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 26. f. 116. Aug. 1845.
stones near low water mark.

Station.

Under

Habitat.

Unknown Wood.
;

Panama Cuming
;

Mazatlan

Melchers

Sowerby Menke.
!

also Reeve.

Panama Panama

Jay. C. B. A.

We

collected 72 specimens

on the

reef.

The

spines are

remarkably acute.
137.

]?Iurex erosus.
Synonymy.

Murex

erosus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 174. Mull. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 93.

Oct.

1832,

May

1836.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 104. pi. 60. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 32. f. 160.
stones

f.

16.

1841.

Aug. 1845.
:

Station.

Under

Cuming

Broderip
stones

also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under

mark.
Habitat.

near low water

Panama Cuming
;

Broderip

also

Sowerby

and

Reeve.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

obtained 2 specimens on the

1852.

reef.
AifN. LTC.

JULY,

NAT. HIST.

122

Panama
138.

Shells.

Murex

radix.

Synonymy.
Favanne's D'Argenv.
pi.

37.

f.

D.
1783.
10.

Murex radix
melanomathos
radix

Schrot. Einl. Conch.

I.

548. No. 17.

Gmel

in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3527. Dillw. Catal. 686. pars.

No.
36.

1788. 1817.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 168. No.

Swains. Zool.
111. -

Aug. 1822.
-

2d. ser. pi. 113. (Sub. gen.

Centronotus.)

1823.

Schub. et
230.
f.

Wagn. Supp. Chem.

p.

132.

pi.
f.

4064-5.
Introd. Conch. (4th ed. Front,

1829.
1831.

Wodarch

3.

Valenc. in

Humb.
111.

Rec. Obs.
Catal.

II.

299.

1833.

Sowb. Conch.

No.

85.

1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 60. pi. 37, 38. f. 1. Hanley Conch. Book Spec. p. 91. Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 584. No.
(Desh. ed.)
-

1842.
36.

1843,
Vert. III. Pt.
-

Lam. An. sans

2.

p.

707.
-

No. 36. (Desh. ed. tert.) Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 17.

1844.

f.
f.

69.

June 1845.
1847.

Chenu

Lee. Elem. p. 198.

652.

Perhaps to this synonymy we should add Murex ambiguus, " Keeve Conch. Icon. pi. 13. f. 51. Mr. Keeve remarks Any
:

modification of structure may, I apprehend, be considered of

specific importance,

either side."
find, in

not immediately approached on Conch. Icon. Murex. pi. 13. Or even if we could
it is

when

a great

number of specimens, a dominant

type, with

only occasional gradations into another type, the former might be considered as of specific value. In this case, the number of
varices not exceeding eight, (while in

M. radix they

are said to

equal or exceed ten,) the large open flowery fronds, and the elongate form, are supposed by Mr. Keeve to indicate a specific
type.

But among our

shells,

varices together with an

the specimens, which have nine intermediate form, are much more
to the description

numerous than those which correspond

and

MUREX.
figure of

Panama

Shells.

123

M. ambiguus. So far, therefore, as we can judge from the 100 specimens collected in one locality, the M. arnbiguus

variation.

appears to be, not a dominant type, but the extreme limit of It is quite possible, however, that a greater number

of specimens collected in various localities would confirm the opinions of Mr. Eeeve.
Dr. Menke, in distinguishing M. ambiguus from M. nigritiis, among the shells from Mazatlan, (Zeitschr. fur Malak. 1850, p. 188,) finds nine varices in his specimens of the former.

M. radix

is

not mentioned as occurring

among them.
;

Station.

On mud banks

at

low water

Cuming

Reeve.

Our specimens were found

in part in the crevices of rocks,

less

but chiefly about stones, where there was more or mud, near low water mark.
Halitat.

of sandy

East Indian Seas

Dillwyn. Shores of Acapulco Humboldt and Bonpland

; ;

La-

marck

also Valenciennes.
;

Acapulco

Say

in Catal.

Mus.
;

Shores of Acapulco and of Panama Kiener. Bay of Caraccas Cuming Sowerby also Reeve. Bay of Caraccas Jay.
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

100 specimens on the reef. Two of them weigh 22 ounces each, and one of these is 53 inches long.
Habitat of

We collected

M. ambiguus.

Unknown
Mazatlan
; ;

Reeve.

Melchers
!

Menke.

Murex

nigritus Phil,
139.

Panama C. B. A. we were unable to find

at

Panama.

Murex

rectirostris.

Synonymy.
Murex
rectirostris

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 138.

Nov. 1840.
1841.

Sowb. Conch. 111. pi. 197. f. 111. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 22. f. 91.

June 1845.

124
Station.

Panama
Sandy mud
at the

Shells.

MURICID^E.

depth of 11 fathoms

Cuming

Eeeve.
Habitat.

We

Cuming! Reeve. Panama C. B. A. obtained only 1 immature specimen.

Xipixapi
; ! ;

140.

Iflurex recurvirostris.
/Synonymy.

Murex

recur virostris Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 174. Oct. 1832. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 92. May 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Reeve Conch.

Station.

111.

pi.

59.

f.

9.
f.

1841.
75.

Icon, pi. 19.

June 1845.

Sandy mud
:

at the

depth of 9 fathoms

Cuming

Broderip
Habitat.

also Reeve.

Gulf of Nicoya Cuming Broderip and Reeve and Miiller.

! ; :

also

Sowerby

Gulf of Nicoya

Jay.
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

obtained 1 imperfect specimen.

141.

Unrex

regius.

Synonymy.

Murex

regius

Swains, in Bligh Catal. p. 16. No. 201 and No. 806. (Spec, non desc.) Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 5. f. 13.

May

1822.

1828.

Wodarch
f.

Introd. Conch. (4th ed.) Front.

2.

1831.

tricolor Valenc. in

Humb.
"
111.

Rec. Obs.
" "

II.

300.

1833. 1834. 1841. 1841. 1842.

regius

Swains. Exot. Conch,

"

p. 5. pi. 15.

(HanleyEd.)

Sowb. Conch.

Catal.

No. 89.
f.

Penny Cyclop. XXII.

Kiener Iconog.

55.

p. 65. pi. 42, 43.

f.

1.

MUREX.
Murex
regius

Panama
Lam. An. sans
(Desk. Ed.)
Vert.

Shells.

125
No.
80.

IX. 610.

1843.
Vert. III. Pt. 2.
p.

Lam. An. sans

716. No.

80. (Desh. ed. tert.) Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 15.

/Station.

1844.
f.

59.

June 1845.
!

On mud banks

at

low water

Cuming

Eeeve.

the low water

Our specimens were found in the crevices of rocks between mark of the spring tides and of the neap tides. We cannot help suspecting some omission in Mr. Cuming's

statement of the station of this species and of M. radix. Neither species was found by us away from rocks or stones, and we cannot well conceive how, without such shelter, the fronds could be
protected from injuries.
Habitat.

Peru

Bligh Catalogue.
;

Wood. and Bonpland Valenciennes. Humboldt Acapulco Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: also Eeeve. Western Coast of Central and South America;
South Seas
;
!

Penny

Cyclopsedia.
;

Shores of Peru
: ;

Kiener

also Deshayes.

Panama Jay also Morch. Panama C. B. A.

!

We

collected 18 specimens
is

on the

reef.

Only a few were

in collections.

taken, because the species

extremely

common

We have since regretted the restriction to such

on account of the
dition of
fine coloring of the exterior
shells.
is

a small number,

and perfect conalso

most of these

Some

of

them are

remarka-

ble for size.

One specimen

5.3 inches long,

and

4.2 inches

wide.
142.

Murex

salebrosus.

Synonymy. Murex
salebrosus
vitulinus

King in Zool. Journ. Lond. V. 347. Gray (non Lam.) in Zool. Beech. Voy.
pi.

1835.

33.

f.

4, 6.

1839.

126

Panama
salebrosus

Shells.

Murex

Sowb. Conch.
Kiener Iconog.

111.

pi.

65.

f.

48. 47.
f.

1841.
1.

p.

121.

pi.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. IX. 613. No. 84.

Desk

ed.
III. Pt. 2. p.

1843.
71 7.

Lam. An. sans Vert,

No. 84. (Desh. ed. tert.) Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 24.
Station.

1844.
f.

98.

Aug. 1845.

Under

stones

Cuming

Reeve.
far

We
mark.

found

this species

under stones not

from low water

Habitat.

"

Southern Coast of South America

;

;"

Sowerby.

Unknown
Panama
;

Kiener.
;

Shores of South America

Deshayes.

Cuming

Reeve.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Panama Jay. Lower California; Major Rich! Gould MSS. Taboga and Panama C. B. A.
; ! ;

14 specimens were collected.

143.

Ulwrex

vitoex.

Synonymy.
Murex
vibex

Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 175.

Oct. 1832.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 94. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 34. f. 175.

May

1836.

Oct. 1845.

Most of the transverse ridges are simple ridges only, over

which the
spiral lines are continued without interruption.

Occa-

The species sionally some one ridge appears to be a true varix. has been regarded as intermediate between Turbinella and
Murex.
genus.
Station.

It

seems to be nearer to the former than to the

latter

Cuming

In sandy mud, at a depth of from 6 Broderip also Reeve.

:

to 12

fathoms

PYRULA.

Panama

Shells.

127
stone.

One of our specimens we found alive under a others were occupied by hermit crabs.
Habitat.
St.

The

Elena
Eeeve.

arid

Panama

Cuming

Broderip

also

Panama; Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

13 specimens were collected.

144.

UEurex vittatus.
Synonymy.

Murex

vittatus

Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud.

p.

176.

Oct. 1832.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi.

29.

f.

140.

Aug. 1845.

Sandy mud
:

at the

depth of 11 fathoms; Cuming!

Broderip

also Eeeve.
I.

Habitat.

of Muerte Bay, at Guayaquil

rip
:

Cuming

Brode-

also Reeve.
;

West Columbia Cuming Panama C. B. A.

;
!

in sched.

1 specimen

was obtained, which

is

much

larger than

Mr.

Cuming's specimens.
145.

Pyriila patula.
Synonymy.

Pyrula patula Brod. and Sowb.

Valenc. in

in Zool. Journ. IV. 377.

1829.
1833.

Humb.
f.

Rec. Obs.

II.

291.
35.
3.
f.

Gray

in

Zool.

Beech. Voy.
10.

pi.
f.

also pi. 34.

and

pi.

35.
f.

young.

1839.

Kiener Iconog.
(Desh. ed.)
-

p. 14. pi. 2.

1, 2.

Lam. An. sans Lam. An. sans

Hinds

Vert.

IX.

522. No. 31.

1843.
Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 686. No.

Cyrtulus

Pyrula

31. (Desh. ed. tert.) in Zool. Sulph. Moll. p. 13. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 6. f. 20.

1844.

1844.

July 1847.

128

Panama

Shells.

MURICID^E.

Deshayes has very aptly remarked of this and of the kindred

species,

P. melongena, that their differences, although not very

;

obvious, derive importance from their constancy

add, from their

and,

we may

restriction each to distinct zoological provinces.

One of these types belongs to the Pacific shores of tropical America, and the other to the Caribbean shores. Mr. Eeeve, however, has unfortunately assigned the Caribbean species to
the
"

Eastern Seas."

It is

perhaps unnecessary to say that

we

have collected plentifully living specimens of P. melongena, in Dr. Gould Jamaica, where it is a common article of food.
has also received
Carthagena, S. A.
Station.
it

direct

from Cuba, and

Mr

Kedfield from

On mud

banks;

P. melongena, has a similar station in the

Habitat.

Cuming! Eeeve. Its analogue, West Indies.

!

Acapulco

Humboldt and Bonpland Valenciennes.

;

Shores of Mexico

Kiener.
;

Shores of the Pacific Ocean

Bay
Peru

of Caraccas
;

Cuming
!

Deshayes. Eeeve.

Cuming
; ;

in sched.

Mazatlan

Melchers
Lt.

Menke.
!

Mazatlan
sex

Green

Gould MSS.

also

Mus. Es-

Inst.
;

Pacific

Jay.

Bay
"We saw

of

Panama

C. B.

A.

this species in a large

heap of edible Molluscs, near

the houses of some natives in Panama.

None
is

being perfect,
long.

we took only
146.

one,

which

of the specimens nearly seven inches

Ficula rentricosa.
Synonymy.
pi.

Martini III.

66.

f.

733.
p. 16.

1777.

Pyrula
Bulla

ventricosa

Sowb.

in

Tank. Catal. No. 1614. App.

f.

1825.

Pyrula

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 3. ventricosa Kiener p. 27. pi. 12. f. 2.

decussata

Wood

3.

1828.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX.

5 21.

No. 29. (Desh.

ed.)

1843.

FASCIOLARIA.
Ficula
ventricosa Chenu.

Panama
111.

Shells.
1.

129
f.

Conch,

pi.

1.

1.

pi. 2.

f.

1843.

Pyrula
Ficula

Lam. An. sans Vert.

(Desh. ed. tert.) decussata Reeve Conch. Icon.

III. Pt. 2. p.

686. No. 29.

1844.
pi.
1.
f.

3.

May, 1847.
;

Station.
is

but it of our specimens were taken alive probable that the species inhabits sands below low water

None

mark.
Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Sowerby.
Kiener.
;

Wood.
;

Shores of San Bias

Seas of India and of China

Deshayes.

Unknown
Mazatlan
;

Eeeve.

Melchers

Menke.
;

San

Bias,
;

and Panama
C. B.

Jay.

Panama

A.

AVe collected 8 specimens on the sand beach west of Panama.

147.

Fiisus bell u*.

Nov.

sp.
;

Shell rather elongate and regularly fusiform

white, with

some reddish brown spots in spiral series, mostly in three series, one above and two next below the middle of the whorls with, on each whorl, about ten rather narrow prominent ribs, some of
:

which are

varicoid, with spiral raised lines, with the intersec-

tions nodulous,

and

spiral striae

apex acute

spire conic

whorls seven, very convex, with a moderately impressed suture aperture long ovate canal wide, moderately lengthened.
;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 50 length of spire .22 inch.

length .44 inch

breadth .21

Station.

Unknown.
!
;

Panama C. B. A. One specimen only was obtained.

Habitat.
148.

Fasciolaria granosa.
Synonymy.

Fasciolaria granosa Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 32.

Feb. 1832.

130

Panama

Shells.

Fasciolaria granosa Miill. Synop. Nov. Test, Viv.p. 106. Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 114.

May

1836.

1839.

Kiener Iconog. p. 15. pi. 5. Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 437. No.
11. (Desh. ed.) Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 656. 11. (Desh. ed. tert.)
.

1843.
1844.

No.
Oct. 1847.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

3. pi.
!

f.

6.

On mud banks

Cuming

Broderip.

"We found

only one specimen alive. It was among stones in a muddy From the number of imperfect place, near low water mark. which we saw occupied by hermit crabs near low specimens,
water mark, lower level.
Habitat.
it

seemed probable that

its

usual station was at a

Panama

Cuming

Broderip

also

Reeve

also

Miiller.

South Pacific
"L'ile de

Shores of Peru

Gray. Kiener.
;

Panama

;"
!

Hankey and Panama Peru, Panama C. B. A.

;
;

Panama

Deshayes. Reeve.
Jay.

We

collected 7 specimens.

149.

Turbinella
Synonymy.

crestus.

Turbinella ccestus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 8. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 106.
-

Jan. 1833.

May

1836.

Reeve. Conch. Icon.

pi. 6.

f.

34.

Aug. 1847.
!

Station.

In

soft

mud among
;

the rocks

Cuming
:

also Reeve.

We found it on a sand beach near low water

Bay of Caraccas
also Miiller.

Broderip mark.

Habitat.

Cuming
!

Broderip

also

Reeve

Mazatlan

Melchers
;

Menke.

Bay

of Caraccas

Jay.

TURBINELLA.

Panama
;

Shells.

131

Taboga

C, B.

A.

living and 1 dead specimen. This species and T. muricata furnish another interesting example of a pair of nearly allied types, of which one inhabits

We obtained 1

the Pacific shores of tropical America, while the other

is

Caribbean species.
150.

Tiirbinella castanea.
Synonymy.

Turlinella castanea

Gray

in Zool.

Beech. Voy.

p.

114.

1839.

Wiegm. Archiv. p. 213. acuminate Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 229. f. 2.

Siebold in

1839.
1842.

castanea
Station.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

5.

f.

26.

July 1847.

In crevices of rocks

Cuming Reeve.
!

We found this species in

water mark.
Habitat.
Pacific

the same situation, not far from low

Ocean
;

Gray.
!

Panama Cuming Reeve. Panama Jay. Panama E. Jewett Gould MSS. Taboga and Panama C. B. A.
;

We collected
Many

32 specimens, 12 of which were taken alive. of them are covered with prominent spiral linear ridges,
others.
is

which are wanting on

with intermediate characters

so large as to

But the number of specimens show that the dis-

tinction is not of specific value.

151.

Turbmella cerata.
Synonymy.
f.

Murcx

ccratus

Wood
Gray

Turbinclla cerata

Ind. Test, Supp. pi. 5. Griff. An. King.Moll.pl. 41.

15.
5.

1828. 1834.

f.

in Zool. Beech. Voy. p. 1 14. Kiener Iconog. p. 25. f. 16. f. 1. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 37.

1839.

Aug. 1847.
!

Station.

Under

stones at

low water

Cuming Reeve.

132

Panama
found
this species in the

Shells.

MURICID.E.
situation

We

same

and

in the cre-

vices of rocks.
Habitat.

Unknown Wood.
;

South Pacific

Gray

also Jay.

Mazatlan; Kiener.
Gallapago

Cuming Eeeve. Taboga and Panama C. B. A.

Is.
! ; ! ;

We

collected 12 specimens.
152.

Turbinella rudis.
Synonymy.

Turbinella rudis Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 10.

f.

51.

Aug. 184Y.

Under

stones,

and

in the crevices of rocks, near

low

water mark.
Habitat.

Unknown
Taboga
;

Reeve.

C. B.

A.

We

collected

30 specimens.

153.

Turbinella spadicea.
Synonymy.
Aug. 1847.

Turbinella, spadicea

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi.

9.

f.

44.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown; Reeve.
Taboga
;

C. B.

A.

We

collected 15 specimens in various states of preservation.

. The species of this genus beingwe were unable to make pelagic, any observations on their habits of station. The number of individuals is small as compared with the number of the species obtained. We collected 25

specimens, which belong to 9 species.

154.

Cancellaria

aflinis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate fusiform:

brown, sometimes with one or two

CANCELLARIA.
spiral

Panama
:

Shells.

133

bands of white

with,

on each whorl, about thirty narrow

;

prominent transverse ridges more or less inequidistant with numerous raised spiral lines, of which five are seen on the spire,

and which on the

nearly rectilinear
naliculate
;

last

whorl are
:

less

prominent and wide than

:

the transverse ridges

:

apex subacute spire with the outlines whorls six, convex, with the suture subca:

whorl rather large aperture semiobovate, with labrum sharp, long sharp ridges within on the right side the behind thickened a little edge, scalloped by both the interlast
:

and the external sculpture columella stout, with three the upper one is lamelliform and very promiplaits, of which
nal
:

small and very oblique canal short with a small umbilical chink bounded by the raised labrum and
nent,

and the lower one

is

a spiral bridge.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 68 length of spire .45 inch.

is

length 1.05 inch

breadth .65

not so densely and finely sculptured as than C. asperdla Lam. elegans Sowb., and is less ventricose

This species

C.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

155.

Caiicellaria clavatula.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria clavatula Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mar. 1832. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 74. 1836.

Sowb. Conch.
-

111.

No.

11. pi. 10.

f. f.

f.

12.

1841

Kiener Iconog. p. 31. pi. 5. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 230.

2.

12.

1842.

Lam. An. sans

-

Vert. IX. 416. No. 23.

(Desh.

eel.)

1843.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 648.

ed. tert.)
p.

No. 23. (Desh.

1844.
1848.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

445. No. 20.

f.

92.

f.

13. pi. 95.

67.

134
Station.

Panama
Sandy mud

Sheik.

MURICIDJE.

in 7 fathoms water

Cuming Sowerby.
!

Habitat.

Panama and Payta; Cuming!

Miiller.

Sowerby:
Kiener.

also

Bay of Panama and shore of Payta Panama and Payta Deshayes. Panama Jay. Panama C. B. A.
;

8 specimens were collected.

156.

Cancellaria decussata.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria decussata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 55. Mar. 1832. 1836. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 787.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 8. pi. 9. f. 8. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 446. No. 24.
pi.

1841.

92.

f.

3.

1848.

Station.

Sandy mud,

in

10 to 13 fathoms water

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat

Panama and Puerto Panama Jay.

;

Portrero

Cuming

Sowerby.

Panama.

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

157.

Cancellaria goniostoma.
/Synonymy.

Cancellaria goniostoma Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 51.

- Mull.

Mar. 1832.
1836.
1841.

Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 73. - Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 47. 13. f. 43. pi. No. 64. 457. Conch, Thes. Sowb. p.
pi.

94.

f.

40.

1848.

Station.

sandy bottom, in 8 fathoms water; Cuming!

Sowerby.

CANCELLAEIA.
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

135

Conchagua,

San Salvador;

Cuming! Sowerby:

also Miiller.

Central America

Jay.

Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke. Mazatlan Lt. Green Gould MSS. Lower California Major Eich Gould MSS.
! ; I ;

Taboga
"We found

C. B. A.

1 specimen.

158.

Cancellaria mitriformis.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria mitriformis

Sowb. Sowb.

in Proc. Zool.
-

Soc. Lend.
-

p. 51.

Mar. 1832.
Oct. 1832.

uniplicata

in

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

-

p. 173.

Mull. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 79. mitriformis Mull. Syn. Nov. Test. Nov. p. 73.

1836.
1836.
13. 14.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 12. pi. 10. f. Conch. 111. No. 13. pi. 10. f. Sowb. mitriformis Conch. Syst. pi. 230. f. 13. Reeve uniplicata Conch. Reeve Syst. pi. 230. f. 14. mitriformis
uniplicata

1841. 1841. 1842. 1842.

Kiener Iconog. p. 27. pi. 9. f. 3. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 445. No. 19.
pi.

93.

f.

24, 35.

1848.
;

Station.

One specimen of

Cuming
sand
at

Sowerby. Two a depth of 10 fathoms

!

m. was dredged in sandy mud specimens of C. u. were dredged in

C.
;

Cuming Sowerby.
! !

Habitat.

Panama Cuming Sowerby Panama Kiener also Jay. Panama C. B. A.

; :
;

also Miiller.

Two young and

3 mature specimens were obtained.

Two

of

the latter of a deep blackish brown, like var. uniplicata.

159.

Cancellaria pulchra.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria pulchra

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 50.

Mar. 1832.

136
Cancellaria pulclira
Miill.

Panama

Shells.

MURICID.E.
1836.

Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 72. Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 39. pi. 13. f. 37. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 451. No. 42.
pi.

1841,

94.

f.

41.

1848.

Station.

Sandy bottom

in 8 to 10 fathoms water

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.
St.

Elena

Cuming Sowerby
!

also Miiller.

Taboga;

C.

.A.!

Two

specimens were obtained.

160.

Cancellaria pygmaea.
;

Nov.

sp.

Shell subovate, short

pale

wax

color,

with minute dark

brown

dots on the ribs,

and dark brown irregular rays on the

;

with slender prominent ribs, upper part of the last whorl which are only nine in number on the last whorl, but are crowded and numerous on the spire, and which are much

developed

at the angle of the

whorls

with several fine raised

ribs,
:

spiral lines,

which are stouter on the summits of the

striae
:

and

crowded intermediate microscopic

apex subacute

spire

with the outlines rectilinear: whorls

five,

acutely shouldered,

with a broad concave area above, moderately convex below the angle, with a well impressed suture aperture triangular,
:

labrum thickened by the elevated columella with two lamelliform

effuse

below
:

last rib

labium

thin,
;

slightly oblique plaits

umbilicus narrow, deep, bounded by an acute angle in the whorl.

last

Mean
.25 inch
;

divergence,

about 100

length

.33

inch

breadth

length of spire .15 inch.

is

This species Hinds.

Station.

allied to C. contabulata Sowb.,

and

C. bicolor

Unknown.
!

Taboga C. B. A. One specimen was found.

Habitat.
;

PLEUROTOMA.
161.

Panama

Shells.

137

Caiicellaria solida.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria solida Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 52. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.p. 72.

Mar. 1832.
1836.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 6. pi. 9. f. 6. Thes. Conch, p. 440. No. 5. pi. 92.

1841.
f.

4.

1848.

Station.

Eight to ten fathoms,

Eeal Llejos and
also Miiller.
St.

sandy bottom;

Cuming!
Sowerby
:

Sowerby.
Habitat.

Elena

Cuming

Keal Llejos

Jay.

Panama One specimen was

162.

C. B.

A.

found.

Cancellaria tesselata.
Synonymy.

Cancellaria tesselata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 51. Mar. 1832. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 74. 1836.

Sowb. Conch.

Illust.

No. 21.

pi. 11.

f.

20.

1841.

Kiener Iconog. p. 32. pi. 9. f. 4. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 447. No. 29.
f.

pi.

93.

32.

1848.

/Station.

Sandy,

muddy

bottom, in from 7 to 10 fathoms

Cuming! Sowerby.
Habitat.

Bay

of Caraccas,
! :

St.

Elena, and Xipixapi;

Cum-

ing Sowerby also Miiller. "South Sea; Bay of Caraccas, and

Kiener.

St.

Elena;"

Bay

of Caraccas
;

Jay.
!

Taboga

C. B.

A.

Two

specimens were obtained.

PLrEUROTOIWLA.
to
JULY,
1859.

be represented by numerous species

10

Like Columbetta, this genus was found but unlike that genus.
;

Ann. LTC. NAT. HIST,

138

Panama

Shells.

MURICIDJE.

the species were represented by few individuals, at least so far as they could be found without a dredge. similar abundance of species and scarcity of specimens in this genus occurs in the

of the others, nearly one half are as small as the Caribbean species the rest are nearer to an average size as compared with the species which

Caribbean

seas.

One

large species

was found

Most of the small we may judge from the collections species are undescribed. made by us in Panama and in Jamaica, and received from Ceyhave been described by European authors.
If

conjectured that the undescribed species in this genus are as numerous as those which have been described. do not refer to Kiener's monograph, which contains 60 spelon, it

may be

We
cies

including the allied genus Mangelia, nearly 500 species have been described. Probably this is not more than half of
:

for,

the

number

actually existing.
163.

Pleurotoma aterrima.
Synonymy.

Pleurotoma aterrima Sowb.

in

Proc.

Zool.

Soc.

Lond.
Dec. 1833.

p. 137. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 12. f. 100.

May May

1836. 1843.

Station.

Under

stones

Cuming

Eeeve.

Our

living specimens were found in the

same

situation at

low

water mark.
Habitat.

Monte

Christi Cuming West Columbia Jay. Panama C. B. A.

; ;

Sowerby

also Eeeve.

We collected 14 specimens,
hermit crabs.
164.

most of which were occupied by

Pleurotoma
:

atrior.

Nov.

sp.

Shell subfusiform
stripe

jet black,

below the middle of the whorls

with a paler translucent spiral with a spiral series of

:

3PLEUROTOMA.

Panama

/Shells,

139

granules next above the suture, and a not very prominent keel above the middle of the whorls on the last whorl three other
;

less granulated: apex very acute : spire with convex outlines : whorls eleven, angular under the spiral keel, beneath it concave, with an indistinct suture
:

keels appear, which are

more or

aperture long, with a rather deep sinus : canal very short, wide. This species has some resemblance to P. discors. It must also

resemble P. Afekkersi Menke, Zeitschr. 1851. p. 20. Mean divergence about 38; length .8 inch; breadth .28 inch
;

length of spire

.5 inch.

/Station.

Unknown.
Panama; C. B. A.I was obtained,

Habitat

Only

1 specimen
165.

Pleu.ro toma Mcanalifera.

Synonymy.

Pleurotoma bicanalifera Sow!?,

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond,
Dec. 1833.
1836.
1843.

p. 136. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 112.

Reeve Conch.
Station.

Icon. pi. 12.

f.

103.

May May
;

Sandy mud
also Eeeve,

at a

depth of 10 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby :
Habitat.

Shores of Central America

also Miiller,

Cuming

Sowerby

Bay

of Montija;
C. B,

Cuming! Eeeve,

Taboga;

AJ
collar is*

We found only

1 specimen.

166.

Pleurofoma
Synonymy.
Sowb,

tPleurotoma cellaris

in

Proc.
-

Zool,

Soc.

Lond.
-

p. 139,

Dec. 1833.

140
Pleurotoma
collaris

Panama

Shells,

MURICID^E.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 117. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 15. f. 120.

May

1836v

July 1843.
;

Station.

Sowerby

sand at the depth of 8 fathoms also Reeve.

Muddy

Cuming

Habitat'

Bay of Caraccas Cuming West Columbia Jay. Panama C. B. A,

;
;

Sowerby

:.

also Reeve.

4 specimens were
167.

collected.

Pleurotoma concinna.
:

Nov.
less

sp.

Shell fusiform

white, tinged

more or
ribs,

with reddish

"brown

with numerous crowded small

which become obwhich are

finer

solete near the labrum,

and crowded
:

spiral striae,

on the
lines:

spire apex acute spire with moderately convex outwhorls eight, angular along the middle, with a mode:

rately impressed suture

brum very much

aperture very long and narrow lathickened a little behind the edge, with the
: : :

canal scarcely distinct sinus deep and very near the suture from the aperture. It resembles P. triticea Kiener, and may be

a Mangelia.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 43 length of spire .18 inch.

length .42 inch

breadth .17

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat

Panama
168.

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was obtained,

Pleurotoma corrugata.
Synonymy.

Pleurotoma eorrugata
tttrricula

Sowb. (non Kiener) in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 137.

-

Dec. 1833,
Dec.. 1833.

Sowb. (non Macgillivray) in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 137. ) \

iPLEUROTO'MA.
Pleurotoma, turricula

Panama

Shells.

141
f. f.

Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 233. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 6.

(non
pi.

6.

1842.
Feb. 1843.

49.

19.

f.

162.)
in

Sowerbyi

Reeve Conch. Icon,

Pleurot.

" Errata"

Apr. 1846;

Station.

Sandy mud
erby.,

at

10 fathoms depth

Cuming
;

Sow-

Habitat.

Bay

of Montija, and Puerto Portrero

:

Cuming i

Sowerby Miiller. Taboga; C. B. A.I

."3

specimens were obtained.

169.

Pleurotoma
Synonymy.

discors.

Pleurotoma discors Sowb.

"in

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 137.

Dec. 1833.

Mull. Synqp. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 235. f. 14.*

May

1836.

1842.
Feb. 1843.

Reeve Conch.
Station.

Icon. pi. 6.

f.

38.

Coral sand at the depth of 17 fathoms; Cuming.!

also Reeve.
I.

.Sowerby

.:

Habitat.

of Plata;

Cuming! Sowerby
!

also Reeve.

West Columbia-; Jay. Panama C. B. A.

;

We were indebted
170.

-to

the hermit crabs for 5 specimens,

Pleurotoma duplicata.
Synonymy.,

Pleurotoma, duplicata 'Sowb. in p. 188.

Proc.

Zool.
.

Soc.
.

Lond.
.

Dec. 1833.

Reeve, Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 9.

f.

78.

Apr. 1843.
;

A sandy muddy
:

floor at

10 fathoms depth

Cum-

ing

Sowerby

also Reeve.
f fig. 10. in

* The

citation in the Conch. Icon,

fig.

pi 234

of Conch. Syst.

is

eyi-

dently a misprint for

14.

142
Habitat.

Panama

Shell's,.

Puerto Portrero and Bay of Montija in. Central America Cuming Sowerby also Eeeve.
!

Panama

C. B.
:

A.

1 specimen was obtained

it is

of a blacMsh

brown

eolor,

but

otherwise

from' indistinguishable from a specimen received and more slender and Mr. Cuming. It is smaller finely sculptured than Mr. Eeeve's figure,.
is

171.

Pleurotoma excentrica I
Synonymy..

Pleurotoma excentrica Sowb.

in

Proc.

Zool.

Soa. Lond.

Dee. 183S. p. 138. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 115. May 1836v Mar. 1843.. Reeve Coacli. Icon. pi. 7. f. 58.
;:

Station.

Sowerby

Coral sand at the depth of 6 fathoms also Eeeve.

Cuming

!.

Cuming! Sowerby:. also Eeeve. Panama C. B. A. We found 1 specimen^ which probably belongs to this species.. It is a little longer than the figure in the Conch. Icon., and is
Habitat,

Gallapago
;

Is.

distorted only in the last whorl: spiral lines cuoss the ribs only
anteriorly.
172.

Pleurotoma

cxigtia.

Nov.

sp.

Shell slender
lines,

: pale cream color,, with very fine brown spiral of which the two or three upper ones are single, and the

with distant obtuse transverse ridges, about six or seven on each whorl, obsolete on the anterior half of the
rest are in pairs
:

last

whorl
:

:.

apex acute

:.

spire with the

outlines moderately:.

convex
narrow

whorls

suture six, convex, with, a distinct

last ridge
:

aperture

labrum thickened by the

divergence about 34
.1

little

behind the
breadth

edge, with a deep sinus near the suture

canal very short.

;

Mean
inch
;

length .175 inch

.Q6<

length of spire

inch,

PLEUROTOMA.
Station.

Panama,

Shells.

143

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen of this elegant calcareous sand on the shore.

IT 3.

little shell

was obtained

in the

Pleuroioiiin gemmiilosa.
:

Nov.

sp.
:

Shell long, subfusiform brown, with some pale spots surface densely covered with small transverse and spiral ridges, with the intersections developed into elegantly rounded promi-

nent nodules, except near the end of the

transverse ridges are obsolete
:

last whorl,
:

where the

spire with the outlines very curvilinear: whorls eight, a little convex, with a moderately impressed suture: aperture very narrow, with a

apex acute

small sinus near the suture

labrum thickened without and

length .22 inch

within

canal very short.

;
;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 33 length of spire .14 inch.

breadth .08

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen
1*74.

was found.
Nov.
sp.

Pleurotoma granclimaculata.
: :

Shell long, ovate pyramidal

black, with a single spiral series

of very large dingy white spots with excessively minute incremental and spiral striae, the latter of which are obsolete anteriorly with a sharp simple spiral keel a little below the suture
;
:

a sharp tuberculated the is between tubercles less these developed keel, which tubercles coincide with the white spots, and on the last whorl

little

below the middle of the whorls

is

on the last whorl four or five more are transversely elongated keels are seen linear apex acute spire conic whorls spiral
; :

concave between the keels, with the suture indistinct; aperture rather narrow labrum moderately thickened, with the
ten,
;

sinus rather deep

labium well developed

canal very short.

144

Panama
divergence about 38 length of spire .62 inch.
;

Shells.

MURICID^E.

Mean
inch
;

length .95 inch

breadth .35

Having received from Mr. Cuming specimens of

labelled P. zonulata,

this species

we

infer that

it

has been confounded with

Mr. C timing's specimens are said that species in collections. in the MS. catalogue to have come from the Philippine Is.,
but as their specific identity with our species
it is

is

unquestionable,

probable that the catalogue

is

erroneous.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

obtained 1 fresh and 1 faded specimen.

175.

Pleurotoma incrassata.
Synonymy.

Pleuroloma incrassata Sowb.

in

Proc.

Zool.

Soc.

Lend.

Dec. 1833. p. 138. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 115. May 1836.
Bottce

Kiener Iconog. p. 33. pi. 15. f. 2. incrassata Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 9. f. 76.

Apr. 1843.
;

Sandy mud at the depth of 6 ing Sowerby also Keeve.

Station.
!

to 10 fathoms

Cum-

Halitat.

Panama, and Monte

Mazatlan; Botta!
(?)

Christi

Cuming Sowerby.
!
!

Kiener.
;

of Panama, &c. Cuming Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

Bay

Keeve.

Panama
1 specimen

C. B.

A.

was obtained.

176.

Pleurotoma nigerrima.
Synonymy.

Pleurotoma nigerrima Sowb.

in Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond.

p. 137.

Dec. 1833.

PLEITROTOMA.
Pleurotoma cornuta

Panama Rhdh.
Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
p. 136.

145

Dec. 1833.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 112. Miill. nigerrima Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 12. f. 102.

May May May

!

1836.

1836.
1843.

Station.

Sandy mud

in 6

and 10 fathoms

Cuming

Sow-

erby

also Eeeve.

Habitat.

Panama Gaming Sowerby also Miiller. Bay of Caraccas Cuming Sowerby also
;
!

Miil-

ler. (var. cornuta.)

Panama and Bay of Caraccas Panama C. B. A.

! ;

Cuming

Eeeve.

We were indebted to the hermit crabs for 3

177.

specimens.

Pleurotoma
Synonymy.

obeliscus.

Pleurotoma obeliscus Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 110. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 20. f. 175.
Station.

Oct. 1845.
Oct. 1845.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Reeve.

C. B.

A.

specimen was found.

178.

Pleurotoma olivacea.
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Pleurotoma olivacea Sowb.

Lond.

p. 126.

Dec. 1833.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 111. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 4. f. 27.

May

1836.

Feb. 1843.

Station.

In sandy

mud
in

at

5
to

Sowerby. Reeve.
Habitat.

From mud
Salango and

12 fathoms; Cuming! 7 fathoms depth; Hinds!

to

St.

Elena

Cuming

Sowerby

also

Reeve

also Miiller.

146

Panama

Shells.

MURICIDJE.

Panama, Gulf of Nicoya, and western coast of Mexico Hinds Keeve.

!

Panama Panama

Jay. C. B. A.

8 specimens were obtained.

179.

Pleurotoma
Synonymy.

pallida.

Pleurotoma pallida Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Loud.

p. 13*7.

Dec. 1833.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 113. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 16. f. 134.
at the

May 1836.
Aug. 1843.
;

Station.

A sandy muddy floor

Sowerby
:

depth of 13 fathoms

Cuming

also Eeeve.
;

Habitat.

Puerto Portrero
also Miiller.

Cuming
!

Sowerby

also

Eeeve

Panama

C. B.

A.

12 specimens in various stages of growth were obtained.

180.

Pleurotoma
Synonymy.

rigida.

Clavatula

rigida

Pleurotoma
Station.

Hinds in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 45. Hinds inVoy. Sulph. Moll. pi. 7. f. 18. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 25. f. 216.

Mar. 1843.
1844,
Oct. 1845.

Habitat.

Unknown. Panama Hinds quoted by Eeeve. Panama C. B. A.

;

specimens of this species in some calcareous sand near the sea wall of Panama.
181.

We collected 20

Pleurotoma rudi.
Synonymy.

Pleurotoma rudis Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 134.

Dec. 1833.

PLEUROTOMA.

Panama

Shells.

147

Pleurotoma rudis Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 109. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 53.
-

May

1836.

Mar. 1843.
also

Station.

Under

stones ;

Cuming

Sowerby

Eeeve

also Miiller.

Habitat.

Monte

Christ!

Cuming
Jay.

Sowerby

also

Eeeve

also Miiller.

Monte

Christ!
;

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

182.

Pleurotoma
Synonymy.

rustic a.

Pleurotoma mstica

So\vb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 138.

Dec. 1833.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 116.

thiarella Kiener Iconog. p. 56. pi. 23.
f.

May May

1836,

2. ?

rustica

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 11.

f.

91.
is

1843.

Mr. Eeeve's reference to Proc. Z. S. 1843,

1833.
Station.

a misprint for
also

Under

stones

Cuming

Sowerby

Eeeve

also Miiller.

We found it under stones near low water mark.

Xipixapi
;

Habitat.

Cuming
;

Sowerby

also

Eeeve

also

Miiller.

West Columbia Jay. Panama C. B. -A.

! ;

10 specimens were collected, most of them more strongly striated spirally on the last whorl than is represented in the
Conch. Icon.
183.

Pleurotoma
:

striosa.

Nov.

sp.

dingy white, with a more or less distinct spiral stripe on the last whorl issuing from the upper of the aperture with indistinct crowded spiral stride, with part ten or twelve very slender ribs on each whorl apex acute
Shell slender

brown

148

Panama

Shells.

MURICID^E.
:

spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear

:

whorls eight, convex, with a moderately impressed suture aperture rather narrow labrum rather sharp, thickened behind the edge by a very
:

stout rib

canal rather wide, very short.

;

Mean
.1

inch

divergence about 33 length of spire .2 inch.

length

.3

inch

breadth

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

13 specimens were found in the calcareous sand on the

shore.
184.

Pleurotoma zonulata.
Synonymy.

Pleurotoma cincta

Sowb. (non Lam.) in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 136. Dec. 1833. zonulata Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 234. f. 10. 1842. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 6. f. 39. Feb. 1843.

The name given by Mr. Sowerby was pre-occupied by

Lamarck.
Station.

Sand and gravel

also Eeeve.

at a

depth of 7 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby

Habitat.

Monte

Christi

and Xipixapi
A.

Cuming

Sowerby

also Eeeve.

Panama

C. B.

Two

specimens were obtained.

Of each of the following species we obtained but one specimen in a more or less imperfect condition. They were found
near Panama, mostly in the calcareous sand.
185.

Pleurotoma Pleurotoma
Ulaiigelia
c.

a.

186.
187.

b.

MANGELIA.
188.

Panama

Shells.

149
d.

Ulaiigelia

189.

Ulangelia
iVIaiigclia

190.

/.

191.

Maiigelia iieglecta*
:

Nov.

sp.

pale brownish red with, on each whorl, or nine eight prominent curved ribs, and an elevated spiral line on the middle of the whorls, which becomes obsolete on the Shell subfusiform
:

last

whorl

anteriorly with several spiral striae

:

apex acute

spire with

the outlines moderately convex whorls seven, rather convex, with a distinct suture aperture rather narrow, mostly parallel with the axis of the spire labrum much thick:
:

ened within and without, with a narrow sinus

short.

canal very

Mean divergence about 40

length of spire .11 inch.
Station.

length

.2.

inch

breadth .07 inch

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

obtained 2 specimens from the calcareous Panama also other 2, of a more slender variety.
;

We

sand at

This

is

one of the

many

species

whose claim

to a place in the

genus Mangelia

will not

be universally conceded.

192.

IHangelia sulcosa?
Synonymy.

Columbella sulcosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Load.

Duel, in

p.

118. June 1832.

f.

? !

Chenu

111.

Conch,

pi.

21.

5. 6.
f.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

p. 141.

pi. 40.

165.

cream-colored

is a very deep green between the and brownish towards the apex, which is ribs, nearly colorless. The "inM canali distincto" and "interne

The

color of our specimens

150

Panama

Shells.

MURICIDJS.

nonnullis" Sowb., tlie well defined sinus [labio] rugis basilibus

and the sharp continuous ribs, present a group of We are not, characters more characteristic of a Mangelia.
of the
lip,

however, perfectly satisfied of the with Mr. Sowerby's.

Station.

specific identity of

our shell

We found our specimens under stones at and below

mark of neap tides. Annaa and Lord Hood's
Is,

the low water

Habitat.

land; Cuming! Sowerby. Lord Hood's Island Jay.

;

Columbetta sulcosa.

Taboga and Panama 170 specimens were collected.

193.

C. B.

A.

Cerithium

acltistiim.

Synonymy.
Cerithium adustum Kiener Iconog.
p. 37. pi. 13.
f,

non

3.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. IX. 313. No. 46.

Lam. An.

(Desh. ed.) sans Vert. III.Pt. 2. p. 611.

ed. tert.)
-

1843.

No. 46. (Desk

1844.

evidently a transposition, as noticed by Deshayes, references to and names on 'the Jay, and Menke, in Kiener's of his figures of this species and of C. maculosum.

There

is

plate

Station.

In wet sand, under

stones, at half tide level.

Habitat.

Indian Ocean, Eed Sea;

Kiener.
;

Indian Ocean, according to Kiener Eed Sea Jay,

;

Deshayes.

Taboga C, B. A. 206 specimens were collected.

!

The doubt which Deshayes

statement of habitat, must implies of the accuracy of Kiener's founded. be well

194.

Cerithium assimilatum.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell very long, conic

very dark brownish red, with some

CEEITHIUM.

Panama

Shells.

151
:

irregular linear spots of white

on the

spiral keels

with three

excessively prominent compressed acute nearly equal and equidistant spiral keels, with narrow deep interspaces, which are crossed by microscopic raised lines, with a fourth keel on the

periphery of the last whorl, and another anteriorly which is more minute apex acute spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear whorls sixteen to eighteen, planulate, with the suture
:
:

very indistinct

last

whorl very short

:

deeply scalloped by the spiral ridges Mean divergence about 18 length

;

aperture ovate labrum canal large, very short.

:

.23

inch

breadth

.06 inch

length of spire .19 inch.

is allied

This species

to 0. trilineatum Phil,

and

to C. terebel-

lum Ad.
Station.

Under

stones, sponges,

and marine

plants, &c., near

low water mark.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Eight specimens were collected.

195.

Cerithium foimargmatum.
:

Nov.

sp.

wax color, dark brown on the upper Shell long, conic with a spiral ridge at each margin of the whorls of the spire and an intermediate raised line on each whorl with about
whorls
:
;

eighteen transverse small ridges with intersections strongly nodulous with -a simple spiral ridge at the periphery of the
;

last

whorl; anteriorly without sculpture: apex very acute: spire with the outlines rectilinear whorls thirteen, concave, with
:

a well impressed suture last whorl very short, concave anteaperture subquadrate: riorly, with the periphery angular: columella with a very prominent spiral fold canal rather short,
;

recurved.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 20 length of spire .14 inch.

length .175 inch

breadth .055

Station.

Unknown.

152
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

/Shells.

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

196.

Cerithiuin famelicum.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate conic dingy white, more or less profusely mottled with irregular brown spots, which are divided by fine white spiral lines or nearly covered with fine alternating white
;

with a narrow spiral ridge on the middle of the whorls, crossing transverse obtuse ridges, with very prominent acute intersections with the upper margin of the whorls

and brown

lines

more or

less
;

spiral ridges

granulous; anteriorly with two more granulous surface covered with fine spiral striae apex acute
: :

whorls twelve, spire with the outlines slightly curvilinear last moderately convex, with the suture lightly impressed whorl short, gibbous on the left, with an anterior concave area
:
; :

aperture large, obliquely elliptical lower half: labium with a moderately thick deposit and a stout transverse plait above canal short, oblique.
: :

labrum advanced in the

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 33

length 1.13 inch

breadth

.5

length of spire .75 inch.

In color and sculpture only, this shell has some resemblance to C. maculosum Kr. (C. adustum of Kr.'s plate.)
Station.'

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

17 specimens were collected.

197.

Cerithium gemmatum.
/Synonymy.

Cerithium

gemmatum Hinds Voy.

Sulph. Moll.

pi.

11.

f.

5. 6.

1844.

Station.

Sandy mud,

in

from 2 or 3

to

7 fathoms or

upwards; Hinds!

CERITHIUM,
Habitat.
;

Panama
Panama Hinds
; !

Shells.

153

Taboga 19 specimens were

C. B.

A.

collected.

198.

Cerithiiim interruptum
Synonymy.

Cerlthium interruptum Menke. Zeitsch. Mai. 1850.

p. 178. for

Apr.

185L

Our specimens
which Dr. Menke

are, for the

most

part,

much

larger than those

they answer to his description as nearly as could be expected in a species with

describes.
respects,

In other

variable characters.

Menke's

shell is 5.4 lines long,

and many

of our specimens are 1 inch long.

Station.

On and

under rocks and

stones,
tides,

between half tide

level

and the low water mark of neap

Mazatlan
;

Habitat

Melchers

Menke.
C. B. A.!

Taboga and Panama; 1100 specimens were collected.

199.

Cerithiiim

Sp.

inclet.

This shell

is

so nearly related to the preceding that

it

it

may be

should rank as a distinct species. It is 1.2 inch larger, being long and is wholly black, except the eroded apex it has one series of sharp tubercles, and the spiral

a question whether

granular lines are more prominent and more nearly equal than
in C. interruptum.
Station.

Like that of
Taboga,
;

C.

interruptum.

Habitat

C. B.

A.

Thirty specimens were collected.

JULY,
1552,

11

AMR, LTC, N*T. Hurt

154
200.

Panama

Shells,

Cerithium irrorafum.
Synonymy:.

Cerithium irroratum Gould in Proc. Best. Soc. Nat, Hist,

IE, 119. Gould Exped.

Feb. 1849,
Shells, p. 61.

Feb. 1849,

This species closely resembles (J. oceUatum Brug., but Dr. Gould informs me that it is his C. irroratum.
Station.

At and above

half tide level

tide.

mostly in the margin;

of water

left

on the rocks by the

;

Habitat.

-Unknown
Mazatlan
;

Gould, in Exped. Shells.

Lt.

Green

Panama and Taboga and twenty specimens were hundred Eight

!
;

Gould MSS, C. B. A.
collected.

201.

Cerithiwni iiegicctiim.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate conic

blackish red, with the apex white

with three prominent spiral ridges on each whorl, of which with prominent transverse the upper two are less distant
;

ridges, sixteen or eighteen on the last whorl, where they are less robust than on the spire, and which become obsolete on

the periphery of the last whorl

with the intersections developed into very prominent elegantly rounded nodules anteriorly with two additional subgranulous spiral ridges apex acute
;

whorls ten, moderately convex spire with curvilinear outlines with the suture indistinct last whorl rather short aperture
:
?

labrum a obliquely subovate : canal ridges deep 7 very short.

:

little

modified by the spiral

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 20 length of spire .09 inch.

length .125 inch

breadth .04

Station.

Under

stones, in old shells, in

dead sponges,

&c.,

aear low water mark.

CERITHIUM.
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

155

C. B.

A.

33 specimens were collected.

202.

Cerithium Pacificum.
Synonymy.

Cerithium Pacificum Sowb. Genera. No. 42. f. 9. Humboldti Valenc. in Huuib. Rec. Obs.
-

1824.
II.

280.

1833.

Kiener Iconog. p. 83. pi. 26. f. 2. Pacificum Reeve Conch. Syst.pl. 236. f. 9.

1842.

Kiener ascribes priority to the description by Valenciennes in Humb. Eec. Obs. The second volume of Humboldt's work, in

which the Mollusca are described, bears the date 1833.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Cumana Humboldt & Bonpland Cumana Kiener. Panama Jay. Panama C. B. A.

;
;

Valenciennes.

1 specimen only
203.

was found.
Nov.
sp.

Cerithium pauperculum.
: :

pale horn color with several spiral keels, of which five are visible on the spire, with many transverse ridges

Shell slender

on the upper whorls, which are reduced

to raised lines

on the
;

lower whorls, with the intersections slightly granulous

:

ante-

apex acute spire with riorly the spiral ridges are obsolete the outlines nearly rectilinear whorls eight, slightly convex,
:
:

with a moderately impressed suture last whorl rather long aperture long, acute above, with a small umbilical chink canal
; :

very
inch

short.

Mean
;

divergence about 18 length of spire .09 inch.

length .13 inch

breadth .04

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

156
204.

Panama

Shells.

MURICID2E.
Nov.
sp.

Cor it hi ii in pulchrum.
:

very dark brownish red, with middle of the whorls with the on a yellowish white about forty slender acute ribs on each whorl, which terminate of the last whorl with very stout abruptly on the periphery a narrow acute spiral keel, above the with varices 240 distant
Shell rather long, subconic
spiral line
: ; ;

middle of the whorls, traversing the ribs and varices with a few raised spiral lines and many minute spiral striae, which do not traverse the ribs anteriorly with crowded coarse spiral
: ;

striee

apex acute
: :

curvispire with the outlines moderately

;

linear

whorls eleven, convex, with a deep suture

last

whorl

short aperture large, quadrate-orbicular, broadly effuse above, with a very narrow sinus in place of the canal ; labrum and

labium continuous, very thick and highly polished. Mean divergence about 33 length 1.25 inch breadth .65
; ;

inch

length of spire .82 inch. This species must closely resemble

;

C.

Montagnei Orb.

But

in

Kiener's figure and description, Orbigny's species appears to be destitute of varices. Menke, however, in his specimen of C.

Montagnei from Mazatlan, finds 48 ribs on the mentions no varices.

Station.

last

whorl, but

Half buried in

muddy sand under

A.

bushes at high

water mark.
Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

125 specimens were collected, near the mangrove thicket, 2 \

miles east of Panama.
205.

Cerithium Rooviaiiiini.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather long, subconic dark reddish brown, with a yellowish white spiral line on the middle of the whorls, which is

darker between the ribs

with a similar -spiral line anteriorly,

and another tipping the upper ends of the ribs on the lower whorls without varices on each whorl with about twenty:
:

four prominent subacute, not approximate, ribs,

which are

less

CERITHIUM.

Panama

Shells.

157

regular and prominent on the last whorl, on the periphery of which they become obsolete anteriorly with spiral raised lines,
;

of which one near the periphery is larger apex acute spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls fifteen, con:

vex, with a well impressed suture

orbicular, broadly effuse above, with a

aperture large, quadratenarrow sinus in place of

;

the canal

labrum and labium

thick, not continuous

labium

reflected below.
It resembles Orbigny's figure (not Kiener's) of C.
is

Montagnei;

too meagre to enable us to identify our Orbigny's description the and with it, figure represents it with flattened species

approximate ribs, and with several spiral white bands, most of which are wanting on our shell. Mean divergence about 28 length 1.55 inch breadth .66
;

inch

length of spire 1.04 inch.

Station.

With

C.

pukhrum,
;

q. v.
!

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

190 specimens were collected with

206.

C.

pulchrum.
Nov.
sp.

civil hi ii 111

valiclum.

Shell long, conic dark reddish brown, with a pale spiral line along the middle of the whorls rufous on the varices, and white
: :

in the aperture: sometimes whitish on the varices, the spiral

ridges, and the last whorl with, on each whorl, about twenty arcuate ridges, which are prominent and rather narrow but not compressed, and which terminate abruptly at the periphery of
:

the last whorl

with stout varices about 270 distant

with six

of which two next below the suture are small and spiral ridges, approximate, and are sometimes replaced by a single ridge :

and of which one is partly concealed in the suture with intermediate minute spiral strias anteriorly covered with slightly
: :

wrinkled spiral ridges apex acute spire with the outlines modewhorls twelve, convex, with a deep suture rately curvilinear last whorl subangular at the periphery, very short: aperture
:

158

Panama

Shells.

MURICID.E.
:

above labrum produced sub-quadrate, effuse below, sub-effuse in old shells lower in the excessively thickened. half, very far

Mean
inch
;

length, 1.6 inch divergence about 32 length of spire 1.15 inch.

:

breadth,

.75

This species must closely resemble C. varicosum Sowb., and C. varicosum Kiener, which are probably distinct from each C. Hegeswichii Phil, is also similar to our shell. other. (It is

be regretted that Dr. Philippi has not stated v/hich side of Mexico his species inhabits.) Sowerby's shell maybe ours. It
to

considers it as the appears like a dwarfed variety. Orbigny the shell which he had from Guayaquil, but speaks of of young

a circular umbilicus.
Station.

With

C.

pulchrum.
;

Habitat.

Panama Panama

E. Jewett
C.

Gould MSS.

B. A.

250 specimens were collected with

C.

pulchrum.

207.

Triphoris alternatus.
:

Nov.

sp.

blackish red except that in the white a lower whorls dingy spiral stripe occupies the lower two-

SheH

long, conic, sinistrorsal

thirds of each

whorl

with two stout marginal spiral ridges, and

a rather smaller intermediate one, which is wanting on the upper whorls with about twenty-five transverse moderately developed
;

ridges,

which terminate

at the periphery of the last whorl,

;

with

the intersections strongly nodulous anteriorly with two additional spiral ridges apex very acute spire with the outlines
:

slightly curvilinear
tinct suture
;

last

whorls twelve, nearly flat, with an indiswhorl short, concave anteriorly aperture
: :

rhombic

canal rather deep, short.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 30; length of spire .155 inch.

length

.2

inch;

breadth .06

Station.

Unknown.

TRIPHORIS.
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

159

C. B.

A.

3 mature and 2 young shells were found.

208.

Triphoris inconspicnus.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate fusiform, sinistrorsal

blackish red, fading

into a cinereous colors with three spiral equidistant strongly

nodulous ridges on each whorl, of which the intermediate one

is

wanting on the upper whorls, and three or four additional with about twenty or scarcely nodulous ridges anteriorly transverse less prominent ridges on each whorl: twenty-two apex very acute spire with curvilinear outlines whorls twelve,
;

moderately convex, with the suture indistinct

last

whorl with

the periphery subangular: aperture subrhombic, with a sinus above : labrum much advanced : canal deep, short.

..055

divergence .about 22 length .165 inch inch; length of spire .13 inch. Tinder stones near low water mark. Station.
;

Mean

breadth.

Habitat.

Taboga and Panama

collected.

C. B.

A.

16 specimens were
209.

Triphoris infrequent.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, conic

blackish red

nent much compressed

the periphery of the

spiral ridges
;

with three excessively promion the spire, and another on

last whorl with about sixteen or eighteen on transverse each whorl ; anteriorly withless prominent ridges out sculpture.: apex acute : spire with the outlines nearly rec-

tilinear
last

whorls thirteen, nearly

flat,

with the suture indistinct

whorl very short: aperture subquadrate: labrum scalloped

:

by the spiral ridges canal rather wide, very short. Mean divergence about 20; length .13 inch; breadth
inch
;

.045

length of spire .105 inch.

Station.

Unknown.
Panama;
C. B.

Habitat.

AJ

2 specimens were found.

160
i

Panama
Family
210.

Shells.

LITTOEINHLE.

Turritella Banksii.
Synonymy.

Turritella Banksii

Reeve Conch. Icon.

at the

pi. 4.

f.

15.

May
;

1840o
I

Station.

Sandy mud

depth of 10 fathoms
tides
in,

Cuming

Eeeve.

Between the low water mark of the neap the spring tides, this species was found living sand among and under stones.
Habitat.

and that of

the calcareous

Panama Cuming Eeeve. Panama C. B. A.

!
; ! ;

On

the reef

we
is

collected about
alive.

350 specimens, one-third of

which were taken

This species
different

individuals.
;

remarkable for the diversity of color in Some are nearly black and are but

slightly variegated

others are mostly white, mottled with a few many are ornamented with a profuirregular blackish spots sion of irregular greyish and blackish spots on a light ground
;
;

and a few are brown.

Not

less

than 20 individuals would be

required to exhibit fairly this diversity of coloring.

CECU]H. A

European type of

this extraordinary

genus

has long been known under the name of Dentalium trachea. In 1849, Mr. Clark of Exmouth, England, described the soft parts in
the
to

Ann. and Mag. of Nat.

Hist.

Mr. C. considered the animal

be kindred to Eissoa.

In the Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. Oct

15, 1851,
species,

Mr. William Stimpson has described three American of which one inhabits Massachusetts, and two inhabit

Florida.
species

For some time we have possessed several undescribed which we collected in Jamaica. Now we offer descripfrom Panama.
It is probable therefore
is

tions of eight species

that the genus

well represented, on this continent..

CCECUM.
211.

Panama

Shells.

161
Nov.
sp.

Core urn di 111 in 11 1 ii in.

Shell well arcuated, slender,

except near the summit

with the diameter uniform, with about 17 stout rings, white

:

which are rather

distant

and are but

slightly flattened at the

summits, followed by about 10 rings which are small and less prominent apex lateral, not prominent. Length .06 inch breadth .018 inch.
:

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was found.

212.

Coecum eburneum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather slender, well arcuated, scarcely widening towards the aperture, slightly contracted at the summit ivory white : with about 33 broad stout approximate rings with flat summits ; with the first 4 to 10 rings and sometimes the last 2 or 3, very
:

prominent and less approximate, and the rest slightly prominent and closely approximate apex prominent.
:

Length

.09 inch
(?)

breadth .025 inch.

last 3 or

A var.
Station.

has only 24 rings, of which the

4 are pro-

minent, indicating maturity.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

22 specimens were found in the sand,

213.

Ccecum

fi

mint urn.

Nov.

sp.

Shell rather stout, well arcuated, widening towards the aperture, moderately contracted at the summit ivory white : with
:

about 25 very stout broad prominent not closely approximate rings, with flat summits apex not very prominent.
:

Length

.09 inch

breadth .03 inch.

162

Panama
variety
(?)

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
ribs
less pro-

is

more

slender,

and has the

minent.
Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

85 specimens were

collected

from the sand.

214.

Coeciim lave.

Nov.

sp.

Shell well arcuated, rather stout, of nearly uniform diameter :

white

smooth and shining apex very prominent

:

Length
Var.
(?)

.08 inch

breadth .027 inch.

minus

is

more
;

slender, with the

apex

less

prominent

Length
Station.

.062 inch

breadth .02 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found,

215.

viz. 1

of each variety.
Nov.

Ccecum laqueatum.

sp.

Shell slender, moderately arcuated, with the diameter regularly increasing: white: longitudinally furrowed with about 20

shallow somewhat unequal grooves: apex moderately prominent, lateral.

.11 inch;

Length
Station.

breadth .028 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

216.

CoBCiun monstrosum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell well arcuated, stout in the lower half and very slender
in the upper half^ with the transition abrupt, as if the effect of

an accident: ivory white: on the upper part with about 18

rather stout approximate moderately prominent rings with
flat

CCECUM.

Panama,
;

Shells.

163

in the lower part with about 12 very stout prominent not closely approximate rings with flat summits with 2 or 3 ribs on the middle with intermediate characters apex pro;

summits

minent.

Length .09 inch breadth of the upper part .018 inch breadth of the lower part .03 inch. It This extraordinary shell appears like a monstrosity. cannot however be a deformed C. firmatum, since it is the last
; ;

half of the shell

last half

which resembles that

contracted,
it

species.

If

it

were the

which

is

would look more

to mollusks

like the effect

of an accident.

But accidents

do

not, so far as

we

have

seen, cause a greater development of the shell. 7 specimens, agreeing in all the above described characters,

establish the species.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama
217.

C. B.

A.

Ccecum parvum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell well arcuated, slender, of nearly uniform diameter

white
rings
:

with about 15 acute-edged moderately prominent distant

inch.

apex lateral, prominent. Length .065 inch breadth .019

;

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was obtained.

218.

Ccecum pygiiueum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell well arcuated, slender, of nearly uniform diameter:

white

with about 23 narrow but very prominent rings with

flattened

summits
.06 inch

apex
:

Length
Station.

lateral, prominent. breadth .018 inch.

Unknown.

164
Habitat.

Panama
Panama;
C. B.

Shells.

LITTOKINIDJE.

A.

2 specimens were found.

CHEftllVITZIA.
with the exception of
axis of the
first

The following

species of this genus,

0. communis and C. emarginata, have the whorl nearly or quite perpendicular to the axis

of the other whorls, constituting a subacute, subtransparent, smooth and colorless apex. This remark, however, cannot yet be applied to C. major, the unique specimen of which has lost
the apex.

As

in Vitrinella

and

in

some other groups of minute

tropical

number of individuals is small in proportion to the number of species. The following 12 species are represented
species, the

by 129 specimens, of which 90 belong

18 specimens.
219.

to

one

species,

and 21

others belong to 2 species, leaving 9 species represented

by only

Cheumitzia aculews.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell conic, very slender

white

with,

on each whorl, about

seventeen obtuse
of the
last
:

whorl

the apex

at the periphery rectilinear the outlines with spire except near whorls twelve, moderately convex, with a well imribs,
:
;

which terminate abruptly

pressed suture

last
:

aperture subovate

labrum thin

whorl with the periphery subangular columella scarcely curved

:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 13 length of spire .145 inch.

length .18 inch

breadth .04

Station.

Unknown.
! ;

Panama C. B. A. 4 specimens were found in the sand.

Habitat.
220.

Chemnitzia acuuiinata.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell fusiform conic

dingy white

with about sixteen or

eighteen transverse

somewhat oblique

ribs,

which terminate ab-

CHEMNITZIA.

Panama

Shells.

165
:

ruptly on the periphery of the last whorl

lines nearly rectilinear
:

spire with the out-

whorls eight, very acutely shouldered above, slightly convex, with a deep suture; last whorl long: labrum thin aperture subovate, acute at both extremities
:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 23 length of spire .07 inch.

length .11 inch

breadth .043

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

1 specimen

was obtained.

221.

Chemiiitzia
:

affiiiis.

Nov.
:

sp.

Shell long, conic with, on each pale yellowish brown whorl, about twenty-four rather slender ribs, which terminate abruptly at the periphery of the last whorl very smooth an;

teriorly

spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear

whorls
;

ten,

last whorl moderately convex, with a well impressed suture at the labrum thin subovate angular periphery aperture columella rather stout umbilicus wanting.
: : : :

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 18 length of spire .165 inch.

length .21 inch

breadth .055

easily distinguished from sculpture of the last whorl.

/Station.

Most

C.

striosa

(p. 169),

by

the

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

0. B.

A.

2 specimens were found in the sand.

222.

Cheiunitzia clathratula.

Nov.

sp.

much elongate: white: with, on each whorl, about thirty minute ribs, which gradually become obsolete on the periphery of the last whorl, and which are decussated raised by spiral lines, of which five or six appear on the spire
Shell ovate conic,

166

Panama

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
last

whorl

and of which the remainder cover the anterior part of the apex very minute spire with the outlines nearly
: :
:

rec-

tilinear

whorls eight, more or

;

less last

with a well impressed suture

well

angular in the upper part, whorl rather long, with a

: :

labrum thin aperture subovate umbilicus wanting. Mean divergence about 16 length .13 inch breadth .04 inch length of spire .1 inch.
rounded periphery
:

columella rather stout

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat

Panama

C. B.

A.

10 specimens, in various stages of growth, were collected from

the sand.
223.

Chemnitzia commimis.
: :

Nov.

sp.

dingy white with, on the penult transverse about ridges, and on the last whorl whorl, twenty-two
Shell long, fusiform conic

a greater number, which are less prominent, and which become obsolete anteriorly with spiral ridges, of which four or five are
:

seen on the spire, and which on the last two whorls are as prominent as the transverse ridges, but above are less developed
:

apex with the axis oblique

spire with the outlines curvilinear

whorls eight, moderately convex, with a well impressed suture: last whorl rather long: aperture ovate, acute above, very
broadly effuse below labrum rather thin, but not sharp columellar lip well thickened, below reflected over a minute umbili:
:

cal indentation

columella with one small

:

plait.

A large speci-

men has Mean

inch
;

the following dimensions

divergence about 23; length .165 inch; breadth .05 length of spire .11 inch.

Station.

Under

stones near low water mark.

C. B.

Habitat.

Panama and Taboga

collected.

A.

90 specimens were

CHEMNITZIA.
224.

Panama

Shells,

167
Nov.
sp.

Cliemnitzia gracilior.
:

Shell very long, conic very pale yellowish brown with, on each whorl, about twenty-eight slender ribs, which terminate abruptly just below the periphery of the last whorl with a
:

well impressed spiral line next behind the anterior termination of the ribs, and a few obsolete spiral striae ; spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear

except near the apex

:

whorls twelve,

aperture ovate, slightly convex, with a well impressed suture columella a little curved ; acute above : labrum very thin
:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 13 length of spire .255 inch.

;

length .31 inch

breadth .06

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found in the sand,

225.

Chemnitzia major.
:
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell conic, long dingy white with, oa each whorl, about twenty-four stout obtuse approximate ribs, which are obsolete
anteriorly
;

surface except the

rectilinear:

with lightly impressed fine spiral striae over all the summits of the ribs spire with the outlines
:

moderately convex, with a well impressed suture aperture subovate labrum thin columella nearly straight umbilicus wanting.
whorls
:

fifteen,

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 17 length of spire .31 inch.

length .38 inch

breadth .09

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen only
226.

was found.
Nov.

Chemnitzia marginata.
;

sp.

Shell fusiform cylindric

dingy white

with,

on each whorl,

168

Panama

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
:

eleven or twelve very prominent strong compressed ribs in the interspaces with fine spiral stride, of which five or six are seen

on the penult whorl

spiral

apex with the axis oblique spire with the outlines curvilinear whorls seven, margined above with a
: :

compressed
:

ridge,
last

impressed suture

moderately convex, with a well whorl with the periphery rounded

:
: :

labrum thin aperture small, oblique, ovate distinct deposit umbilicus wanting.
:

labium with a

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 28 length of spire .08 inch.

length .115 inch

breadth .042

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

227.

Clienmitzia Paiiameiisis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, conic

seven oblique
last

ribs,

on each whorl, about twentywhich become obsolete on the middle of the

white
:

with,

whorl, the anterior part of which is very smooth spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear whorls twelve, moderately
: :

convex, with a well impressed suture : last whorl sub-angular at the periphery aperture obliquely ovate : labrum thin colu:

mella nearly straight umbilicus wanting. Mean divergence about 17 length .22 inch
:
;

breadth .055

inch

length of spire .17 inch.

Station.
levels.

In the sand between high water and half tide

Habitat.

Panama;

C. B.

A.

11 specimens were found on the

228.

reef.

Chemnitzia
:

similis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, conic

white

with,

on each whorl, about twenty-

six rather obtuse ribs,

phery of the

last

which terminate abruptly on the periwhorl spire with the outlines nearly rectili:

CHEMNITZIA.
:

Panama

Shells.

169
:

near whorls eleven, convex, with a rather deep suture last whorl rather long, with the periphery well rounded aperture subovate labrum thin columella straight umbilicus wanting.
:

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 17 length of spire .13 inch.

length .17 inch

breadth .045

Station.

Unknown.
Panama;
C. B.

Habitat.

A.

2 specimens were found

229.

in the sand.

Chemiiitzia striosa.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, conic

yellowish

brown

with,

on each whorl,

about forty very minute slender ribs, which gradually become covered with disobsolete on the periphery of the last whorl tinct spiral striae, of which one a little below the suture and also
;

those which are anterior are larger

spire with the outlines

nearly rectilinear impressed suture

whorls

ten,

slightly convex, with a well

:

columella a

little

aperture ovate, acute above twisted umbilicus wanting.

: : ;

labrum thin

Mean divergence about 20

inch; length of spire .16 inch.
Station.

length .21 inch

breadth .06

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found

230.

in the sand.

Chemiiitzia turrita.

Nov.sp.

Shell subcylindric in the lower whorls, conic in the upper

on each whorl, about eighteen sharp compressed slender ribs, which are less prominent on the last whorl, and terminate abruptly at its periphery with an impressed the upper margin of the whorls, another spiral line next below at the periphery of the last whorl, and an anterior spiral groove
whorls
:

white

with,

curvilinear spire with the outlines

above the middle, otherwise

ANN. LTC. NAT. HIST.

nearly rectilinear
JULY,
1852.

whorls

ten, acutely shouldered, slightly con-

12

170

Panama

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.

vex, with a well impressed suture

last

whorl angular
:

at the
:

periphery aperture subovate umbilicus wanting. Mean divergence about 23

:

labrum thin columella straight

length .185 inch

breadth .055

inch

length of spire .14 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found in the sand.

231.

Littorina

(?)

angiostonia.
:

Nov.

sp.

surface covered dingy white with deep regular spiral striae apex obtuse spire rather small with curvilinear outlines whorls three and one half, very con-

Shell obliquely ellipsoidal

vex, with a distinct suture aperture subeffuse, nearly semi-ellipumbilicus tical, the inner lip being straight, and well developed
: :

conspicuous.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 85 length of spire .055 inch.

length .13 inch

breadth

.1

generic character of this species is doubtful. resembles some small species of NAEICA.
Station.

The

The

shell

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found in the sand.

232.

Littorina aspera.
Synonymy.

Litiorina aspera Phil, in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 139. Phil. Abbild. II. pi. 4. f. 13.

Dec. 1845.

Mar. 1847.

The young

are very

commonly much angulated near

the

periphery of the last whorl, as in several other species. They are also more vividly colored. Some extreme examples of this

kind might

at first

be supposed to belong to a

distinct species

but the intermediate examples are far more numerous, showing

LITTORINA.

Panama

Shells.

171

that the former are the extreme limits of variation rather than
distinct types.
Station.

We found this species on ledges and large fragments

Sitcha, Mexico,

of rocks at or above high water mark.

Habitat.

and San Salvador

Jay.
;

Philippi.

San Salvador

We
habitat

collected
is
;

Taboga, and Panama 2400 specimens.

C. B.

A.

Dr.

Philippi's statement of
;

"

Oceanus

Pacificus,

American! borealem alluens

;

Sitcha

ora Eeipublicse
:"

Mexico
is

S.

Salvador in America

centrali

Philippi.

It

scarcely credible that this species

should have been found in so high a latitude as Sitcha.

original testimony
is cited. is

No
is

Littorina aspera, var..

more
lines.

slender,

and the sculpture

reduced to spiral impressed

at

33 specimens were collected

Nov.

Panama.
233.

Littorina atrata.

sp.

Shell conic

when young, subglobular when mature

;

black,
:

sometimes with a few whitish spots on the last whorl with usually a strong spiral keels varying in size and number is seen on the periphery of the last whorl and in the keel sharp

and another appears on the upper part of the whorls, with one slightly developed between them with two or three
suture,
;

well developed keels beneath the periphery of the last whorl apex acute spire small, eroded in full grown shells, with the
:
:

outlines moderately curvilinear

with a well impressed suture

whorls four, a little convex, last whorl with an acute

:

periphery in the young, rounded in the mature shell aperture broadly ovate labrum well excurved umbilicus very small.
: :

This species

is

variable in form

and
to

in sculpture.

Mean
growth
;

divergence from
length .08 inch
;

65

90

in

different

stages

of

breadth .06 inch.

Station.

In or near cavities of rocks between half tide and

levels.

high water

172
Habitat

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

LITTOKINID.E.

C. B.

A.

3,300 specimens were

234.

collected.

Littorina conspersa.
Synonymy.

Littorina conspersa Phil. Abbild.

II.

pi. 4.

f.

14.

March 1847.

Some
broader
for the

individuals,
striae,

of a more

ventricose

form and with

;

approximate towards L. puncticulata Phil.

easily distinguished.

but

most part the two species are

Station.

of rock

at

This species was found chiefly on large fragments high water mark.

Habitat.

Eeal Llejos

Philippi.
;

Taboga and Panama

320 specimens were
235.

C. B.

A.

collected.

Littorina

(?)

excavata.

Nov.

sp.

Shell obliquely ellipsoidal very dark brown at the apex, in the umbilical region and in the fauces, otherwise pale horn color with several spiral raised lines, and intermediate very
:
:

minute

spiral striae

apex subacute
:

spire small, with the out-

lines very curvilinear

distinct

suture

last

whorls nearly four, compressed, with a whorl ventricose aperture subovate

:
:

labrum very sharp, but thickened much a little behind the edge: columella dilated and thickened: region around the
umbilicus

much excavated

umbilicus small.
;

90 divergence .13 inch length of spire .04 inch.

about
;

Mean
The

length .17

inch

breadth

generic character of this species bles a small NARICA.

Station.

is

doubtful.

It resem-

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found in the sand.

LITTORINA.
236.

Panama

Shells.

173

Littorina fasciata.
Synonymy.

Littorina fasciata

Gray

in Zool. Beech.

Voy.

p. 139.

1839. 1839.

Siebold in

Wiegm.

Archiv. p. 209.
f.

- Phil. Abbild. II. p. 37. pi. 5.

1, 2.

Apr. 1847.

This species was found, with. L. varia, Sowb., on the trunks and branches of small trees, which were growing
Station.

between half tide and high o water

Habitat.

levels.

Pacific

Ocean

?
;

Gray.

Tumbez, Peru

Cuming
A.
!

Philippi.

Panama

C. B.

160 specimens were

collected.

237.

Littorina
:

(?)

ibveata.

Nov.

sp.

Shell globose conic

dingjr white, with a

very broad dark

brown

spiral stripe

or less of the upper whorls raised lines apex subacute

:

occupying the middle of the last and more with several inequidistant spiral
:
:

spire with the outlines

moderately

curvilinear: whorls nearly four, subangular, with a distinct suture last whorl angular below the middle aperture sub: ;

ovate labrum very sharp, but much thickened a little behind the edge columella dilated and thickened region around the
: :
:

umbilicus

much

excavated, and forming with the umbilicus a

funnel-shaped

pit.

divergence about 80; length .19 inch; breadth .15 inch; length of spire .08 inch. The generic character of this species is doubtful. It may possibly be a NARICA.
Station.

Mean

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found in the sand.

174
238.

Panama
Littoriiia
:

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
Nov.
sp.

(?)

megasoma.
:

Shell obliquely ovoid dingy white with eight or nine small with very spiral ridges, of which three are seen on the spire coarse deep regular transverse strias apex acute spire very
; : :

whorls three, angusmall, with the outlines nearly rectilinear last suture whorl an excavated with lar, very large and
: :

obliquely dilated tinuous and thin

aperture subelliptical, with the margin conumbilical region well defined by the ante-

rior spiral ridge, well excavated,

and forming with the umbilicus

length .09 inch

a funnel-shaped

pit.
; ;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 135 length of spire .035 inch.

breadth .09

it

This species also is referred to Littorina with much hesitation approaches Narica more nearly than any of the species which
:

we have mentioned
Station.

as resembling that genus.

Unknown.

Habitat.
1

Panama

C. B.

A.

specimen was found in the sand.

239.

Littoriiia parvula
Synonymy.

Littorina parvula Phil, in Zeitschr. Malak. vol. for 1848. p. 149.

March 1849.

If our shell

is

distinct

from Philippi's

species,

it

may

take

the

of L. dubiosa, with the following description. Shell conoid blue, whitish next below the suture and an: ;

name

teriorly, with oblique brown bars on the whitish parts very dark brown inside, spotted with brown and white in the labrum
:

with several impressed spiral lines, which are more or less indistinct on the spire and on the middle of the last whorl, and of

which one next above the angle of the

last

whorl

is

deeper

apex subacute

spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear

LITTORINA.
whorls nearly
six,
:

Panama
a
little

Shells.

175
;

convex, with a distinct suture

last
:

whorl angular

aperture ovate, acute above, slightly effuse

columellar lip slightly flattened and dilated. Mean divergence about 55 length .25 inch
;

breadth .17

inch.

Some
acute.

of the more strongly striated and colored individuals

is

resemble the young of L. aspera, but the spire

always

less

In the cavities of a rough ledge of rocks, above high water mark.

Station.

at

and

Habitat.

Panama
;

Taboga 600 specimens were taken

240.

B. B. Philippi C. B. A.
!

Philippi.

at

Taboga.

Littorina pulchra.
Synonymy.

Littorina pulchra Sowb. Gen. No. 37. f. Griff. An. King. Moll.

2, 3.
pi. 1.
f.

1824.
3.

1834.
1840.

Turbo
Littorina

pulcher Swains. Malac. p. 207. f. 39. pukhra Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 222. f. 23.

1842.
7.

Lam. An. sans Vert. IX. 208. No.

(Desh.ed.)

1843.
Vert. III. Pt. 2. p. 574.
ed. tert.)
1.
f.

Lam. An. sans

No.
7.

(Desk

1844.
1.

Phil. Abbild. II. pi.

Aug. 1846.
f.

Reeve Elem. Concb.

Station.

pi.

12.

60.

1848

mangrove trees, in a very from a soil of black unctuous which was dense thicket, growing mud a little below high water mark.
Habitat.

We found this species on

Unknown
"

Deshayes.
;"

Panama, West coast of Columbia

;

Philippi.

Pacific

Panama

Jay. C. B. A.

176
This species
is

Panama
probably
rare.

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
labor
is

With much
thicket,

we

obtained

11 specimens in the
miles east of Panama.

mangrove

which

about two

of them are fully equal in size and is figured to the which by Dr. Philippi. The specimen beauty inch is inch and 1.15 wide. 1.55 long largest
241.

Some

Littorina puncticiilata.
Synonymy.

Littorina puncticulata Phil. Abbild.

Station.

II. pi. 4.

f.

15.

March 1847.

On

fragments of rocks at high water mark.

;

Habitat.

Eeal Llejos

Philippi.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

80 specimens were collected.

242.

Uttorina rnria.
Synonymy.

Littorina varia Sowb. Gen. No. 37.

f.

4.

1824.
f.

Reeve

Syst. Conch,

pi.
1.

222.
f.

4.

1842.

Phil. Abbild. II. PI.

2, 3.

Aug. 1846.

Station.

This species was found on the trunks and branches

of small trees which were growing between half tide and high

water

levels.

Habitat.

Panama Sowerby.
;

Panama, Guayaquil, Cusma (Peru)

"

Philippi.

Chiloe

(?)

nach einer brieflichen Angabe von

Philippi.

Herrn Petit;"
Peru; Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

300 specimens were

collected.

Since this species inhabits the middle regions of the marine zoological province on the west side of tropical America, it is extremely improbable that it should also inhabit a region in so

RISSOA.

Panama

Shells,

177

remote a latitude as Chiloe.

Dr. Philippi has, therefore, with

much

reason, quoted with doubt the statement of M. Petit.

243.

Rissoa

claiiclcstiiia.
: :

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate conic dingy white with, on each whorl, about eighteen or nineteen stout prominent compressed ribs, w hich are continued to the anterior extremity apex acute whorls seven, spire with the outlines moderately curvilinear
r
: : :

moderately convex
:

with a well impressed suture

last

whorl

rather large aperture large, oblique, moderately effuse at both extremities: labrum much advanced along the middle, much thickened with a broad varix umbilicus wanting.
:

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 30 length of spire .07 inch.

length .115 inch

breadth .05

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

244.

Rissoa firmata.
: :

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate conic dingy white with, on each whorl, about twelve very stout, prominent, rather acute ribs, which are continued to the anterior extremity apex acute spire with the outlines curvilinear: whorls seven, convex, with a well
:
:

impressed suture:
subovate, effuse at

last

whorl rather large: aperture oblique, both extremities labrum well advanced
: :

along the middle, thickened with a broad stout rib

wanting.

umbilicus

Mean divergence about 30

inch
;

length .185 inch

breadth .075

length of spire .13 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was found

in the sand.

178
245.

Panama

Shells.

LITTORINID^E.
Nov.
sp.

Rissoa
:

fortis.
:

Shell long, ovate conic

white

with, on each whorl, about

twenty-two to twenty-four stout

which converge
:

at the anterior extremity,

:

prominent approximate ribs, where they become

:

very small apex acute spire with the outlines curvilinear whorls ten, slightly shouldered, moderately convex, with a well last whorl ventricose impressed suture aperture oblique,
:
;

ovate, retreating above, deeply effuse

in the lower half,
ing.

labrum much advanced

:

very thick

labium thick

umbilicus want-

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 33 length of spire .185 inch.

;

length .29 inch

breadth .12

This species resembles R. ambigua Gould, and from Rissoina Inca Orb.
Station.

is

very different

Under

stones near low water mark.

C. B.

Habitat

Taboga

A.

31 specimens were collected.

246.

Rissoa
:

(I)

incoiispicua.
:

Nov.

sp.

with several spiral ridges, of which two or three are seen on the spire with about twelve or fourShell ovate conic

white

teen transverse narrow ridges, which are obsolete anteriorly

apex subacute
short

spire with curvilinear outlines

:

whorls four,

very convex, with a deep suture

:

last

whorl rather ventricose,

: :

aperture orbicular, scarcely effuse lip well thickened with a very minute umbilicus. Perhaps this species should

have been referred

to

CINGULA.
;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 55

length .045 inch

breadth .03

length of spire .032 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was obtained.

EISSOA.
247.

Panama

/Shells.

179
Nov.
sp.

Rissoa in (requeue.

Shell very long, ovate conic: white: with, on each whorl,

sixteen very obtuse slightly elevated indistinct ribs, which are separated only by stria?, and a few microscopic revolving stride
:

apex subacnte

spire

with the outlines nearly rectilinear

whorls seven, contracted above, otherwise convex or subangular with a moderately impressed suture last whorl long, subangu;

lar

aperture oblique, subovate, scarcely effuse

:

labrum much

excurved, well thickened

umbilicus wanting.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 23; length .24 inch; breadth .075 length of spire .18 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was obtained.

248.

Rissoa Jamis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, ovate conic

spiral striae
ribs,
;

white

anteriorly with fine

crowded

elsewhere covered with small crowded transverse

last whorl appear merely as transverse strias becoming obsolete near the periphery apex acute spire with
: :

which on the

the outlines moderately curvilinear: whorls nine, moderately convex, with a lightly impressed suture aperture large, oblique,
:

effuse above labrum moderately much advanced along the middle, thickened by a broad stout varix umbilicus wanting. effuse below,
:
:

more deeply

Mean divergence about 30

inch
;

length .19 inch

breadth .07

length of spire .115 inch.

/Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found in the sand. Var. a is larger, being .24 inch long.

180
249.

Panama

Shells.

Rissoa notabilis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Sliell long ovate-conic white with, on each whorl, about fourteen transverse very prominent ribs, which have concave summits with four spiral keels, of which the upper two are
:
;

more
suture

distant
;

and

are

seen on the spire on each side of the

the transverse ribs are smaller in the parts between the second .and third keels, and are obsolete below the third apex
:

subobtuse, smooth and shining

linear except near the
:

spire with the outlines recti-

six, abruptly shouldered, apex with the suture subcanaliculate planulate, aperture ovate umbilicus wanting.
:

whorls

Mean
inch.
/Station

divergence about 24

length .06 inch

breadth .027

Unknown

Habitat.
1

Panama; C. B. A.! specimen was found.

250.

Rissoa scalariibrmis.
conic
:

Nov.
:

sp.

Shell elongate, ovate

dingy white

with,

on each

whorl, eleven stout prominent acute compressed ribs, which are continuous on the successive whorls covered with microscopic
;

spiral stride,

which ascend the

:

sides of the ribs

:

but are obsolete

on their summits
rately curved
:

apex acute

spire with the outlines

mode-

suture

whorls eight, convex, with a well impressed aperture obliquely ovate, effuse above and below
:

labrum moderately thickened, well excurved and produced

along the middle.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 33 length of spire .08 inch.

length .13 inch

breadth .05

/Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.
1

Panama

C. B.

A.

specimen was found

in sand.

GINGULA.
251.

Panama

Shells.

181
Sp. indet.

Rissoa

-.

The sculpture of this shell shows it to be distinct from any others which we have enumerated but the apex and the lip
:

are both defective in the single specimen found at

Panama.

Family
252.

TKOCHnLE.
iiiconspicua.
Nov.
sp.

Cingula
:

(I)

Shell ovate fusoid

white

with several spiral ridges, of which

four are seen on the penult whorl, and of which the upper two are less prominent anteriorly the ridges are also less promi;

with transverse ridges decussating the upper spiral ridges and terminating at the third apex subacute spire with the
nent
;

outlines a

little

curvilinear
;

whorls

five,

little
:

convex, with

a well impressed suture

ovate, acute above
:

last

whorl small
:

aperture small,
:

labrum rather thin

little

labium well developed

umbilical region a

indented.
;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 30 length .065 inch of inch. .045 length spire

authors would refer this species to Rissoa Turbinoid rather than Melanoid.

breadth .035

Some
ture
is

but the aper-

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

253.

Cing-ula paupercula.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell conoid
ral stripe
:

on the middle of the whorls

dingy white, sometimes with a pale brown spisurface smooth apex

: : :

subacute whorls spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear five, planulate, with a well impressed suture aperture broadly labrum slightly thickened ovate labium well developed
:
:

umbilicus very minute.

182

Panama
divergence about 33 length of spire .058 inch.
;

Shells.

TROCHIDJE.

Mean
inch
;

length .085 inch

breadth .05

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

4 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

254.

Cingula
:

(?)

terebellum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell subcylindric

white: with four very prominent com:

the spire pressed acute spiral keels, of which two are seen on with the outlines curvilinear moderately apex subacute spire
:

whorls

six,
:

slightly convex,

with an indistinct suture

:

last
:

whorl small

aperture small, ovate, acute above

:

labrum thin

labium indistinct

Mean

umbilicus wanting. length .08 inch divergence about 28

;

breadth .04

inch; length of spire .055 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was found

in the calcareous sand.

255.

Cingula
:

(!)

ttirrita.

Nov.

sp.

Shell conic, elongate

white

with numerous prominent com-

pressed transverse ribs, which terminate a little above the suanteriorly ture, where they are crossed by a spiral raised line
;

with two or three spiral ridges apex acute spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear whorls six, above abruptly shouldered,
:
:

planulate, with the suture in a broad groove,

which

is

continued

along the periphery of the last whorl

acute above, very slightly effuse with a very minute indentation.
:

aperture small, ovate,

:

labrum thin

umbilical region

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 30 length of spire .024 inch.

length .08 inch

breadth .033

Station.

Unknown.

ADEORBIS.
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

183

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was found in the sand.

256.

Litiopa
:

(?)

axicola.

Nov.

sp.

Shell long ovate conic

face covered with

pale horn color, sub transparent

spiral
:

sur-

deep regular crowded

last
:

strias

apex
five,

acute

spire with the outlines slightly curvilinear

;

whorls

convex, with a well impressed suture

cose
:

whorl rather ventri:

aperture broadly ovate, acute above labrum thin with a distinct deposit umbilicus wanting.
:

labium

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 45

length .14 inch

breadth .075

length of spire .07 inch. The generic character of this species is doubtful. The shell has the appearance of a Litiopa, but the station is that of Cingula,
to

which Dr. Gould

is

inclined to refer

it.

We leave it doubtful,

until the soft parts shall

Station.

have been examined.

Under

stones at low water mark.

C. B.

Habitat.
7

Panama

A.

specimens were found on the

257.

reef.

Adeorbis
:

(!)

abjecta,

Nov.

sp.

sometimes wholly of a yellowish white or wholly of a dingy black, or partly of each color with several
Shell subglobular
:

stout spiral raised lines

striae

and more or

less distinct intermediate

: :

on the upper part of the whorls apex subacute spire small, much eroded in mature shells whorls three or more, con:

vex, with a distinct suture

last

whorl ventricose

effuse, nearly semicircular, the inner lip being straight

aperture umbili-

cus small.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 110 length of spire .045 inch.

Phil.,

length

.1

inch

breadth .09

A. scaber
ellar stria?

from Panama, is described as having sublamof growth and an acute periphery of the last whorl.
Gallapago
Is.

Our

shell resembles Littorina porcata Phil, of the

IS-i

Panama
Unknown.

Shells.

TROCHID^E.

Station.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

40 specimens were found in the sand.

.

The number of species and

the scarcity

of individuals in this genus of minute shells is remarkable. To the 5 species from Jamaica, of which the genus was originally
constituted,

however, that

we now add 12 from Panama. It will be seen, we have only 60 specimens, of which 24 belong
and 13
to another.

to one species,

258.

Vitrinella conciima.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell discoidal

white
is

keels, of which one

with five prominent acute spiral the second is next below the suture
: :

about equidistant between the suture and the periphery of the the third is a little below the periphery the fourth last whorl
; ;

is

on the middle of the lower

within the umbilicus
first
;

side of the last

whorl

and the

fifth is

with a more or
;

less distinct ridge

between the
lines,

two keels

with curved transverse elevated

last half
flat
:

which become obsolete on the

:

of the last whorl

apex minute, papillary spire nearly last one-half: planulate above, with the suture subcanaliculate whorl declining near the aperture below the plane of the spire
;

whorls three and

lip moderately thickened, aperture orbicular, very oblique umbilicus broad and deep. slightly angulated by the keels least greatest breadth .062 inch Divergence about 175
: : ;

breadth .05 inch

Station.

height .03 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only 1 specimen was found.

259.

Vitriiiella exigua.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal

white

on the periphery of the

last

whorl

VITKINELLA.
keel, which and then runs
is a is

Panama
visible

/Shells.

185

on a small part of the penult whorl, with another somewhat less prominent keel below the periphery, and a third, which is nearly obsolete, around the umbilicus with not very distinct
into the suture
;
;

transverse raised lines, which are most developed between the two lower keels apex obtuse spire convex, slightly elevated
:
:
:

whorls nearly three, with a well impressed suture, very convex above so as to simulate a moderately developed cariua last whorl concave on each side of the periphery aperture orbi;

cular

labrum
;

spiral keels

Mean
least

slightly thickened, modified by the ends of the umbilicus very narrow, deep. greatest breadth .045 inch divergence about 170
;
;

breadth .036 inch

height .021 inch.

/Station.

Unknown.
Panama.
C. B.

Habitat.

A.

7 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

260.

Vitrinella Janus.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal
spiral keels, of

white

with four very narrow acute

which one on the periphery is very prominent, another a little below the periphery is less prominent, and the other two, on the middle of the upper and lower sides,
are moderately developed
;

with minute spiral

striae

within

the lower keel

otherwise with transverse

: ;

striae,

which are

apex prominent spire moderately interrupted by the keels elevated whorls three and one-third, with a distinct suture :
:

aperture orbicular, very oblique lip slightly thickened, angulated by the keels umbilicus deep.
:
:

Mean divergence 160 greatest breadth .068 inch breadth .06 inch height .03 inch.
; ;

least

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen
JULY,
1852.

was obtained.
13
Ann. LTC. NAT. HIST,

186
261.

Panama

Shells.

TROCHID^;.
Nov.
:

Vitrinella miniita.
:

sp.

Shell discoidal

dingy white, shining

striae
:

with excessively
:

minute transverse

apex obtuse

spire scarcely elevated

whorls nearly three, depressed above, with a well impressed suture last whorl much depressed, subangular at the periphery
:
;

aperture rather large, orbicular labrum slightly thickened umbilicus rather deep, nearly covered.
:

divergence about 170 greatest breadth .042 inch least breadth .036 inch height .017 inch.
; ;

Mean

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.
-i

Panama

C. B.

A.

specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

262.

Vitrinella modesta.
:

Nov.
:

sp.

Shell

discoidal

dingy white, translucent

with a spiral

elevated line next below the suture, and a spiral keel around with few microscopic spiral strias about the the umbilicus
;

periphery of the last whorl apex not prominent spire a little elevated and regularly convex whorls three and one-half, with the suture distinct aperture orbicular umbilicus deep.
: :
: : :

Mean divergence 170 greatest breadth .06 inch breadth .05 inch height .028 inch.
: ;

least

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama
was

C. B.

A.

1 specimen
263.

obtained.

Vitrinella Paiiamensis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal

white

with a stout spiral keel on each

side of the periphery of the last whorl,

and two others on the

is
:

lower side of the

slightly

shell, of which one next to the umbilicus

;

prominent
:

with transverse rather distant curved ribs

little

apex obtuse

spire convex, but

elevated

whorls a

little

VITRINELLA.

Panama

Shells.

187

more than

three,

with a distinct suture

externally

convex above and concave below the middle, aperture orbicular labrum angulated
:
:

by

the spiral ridges, a

little

thickened

umbilicus

deep, narrow.

variety has the ridge around the umbilicus

well developed.

Mean
least

divergence about 160 greatest breadth .07 inch breadth .06 inch height .04 inch.
; ;

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

24 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

264.

Vitriiiella.
:

parva.

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal transverse ribs

;

white

with numerous stout prominent

side of the periphery of the last

with,

on each

whorl, a not very prominent keel, of which the upper one is visible on the spire apex very obtuse spire convex, slightly
: :

elevated

whorls three and a

between the angle and the tinct last whorl very large
;

angular above, concave with the suture not very diskeel,

half,

aperture orbicular, very oblique of of the labrum above the advance consequence lip thickened umbilicus This species slightly deep, narrow.
:

in

resembles V. Panamensis.

Mean
least

greatest breadth .047 inch divergence about 160 breadth .04 inch height .026 inch.
; ;

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

13 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

265.

Vitrinella perparva.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal

white

with a very prominent acute

of the periphery of the last whorl, and spiral keel on each side a less prominent one around the umbilicus; with transverse

188

Panama

Shells.

TROCHID^L
;

wrinkles, which are obsolete on the upper part of the whorls

: :

apex obtuse spire flat whorls nearly three, moderately conyex, with a distinct suture; last whorl very large: aperture umbilicus orbicular, very oblique lip slightly thickened
: :

deep.
greatest breadth .037 inch divergence 180 breadth .031 inch height .015 inch.
;
;

Mean

least

Station.
\

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found in the calcareous sand.

266.

Vitriiiella regularis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subdiscoidal

pearl white

smooth and shining, with

:

an impressed

spiral line just

below the suture

:

apex subacute

spire convex, moderately elevated

whorls four and one-half, with a distinct last whorl somewhat ventriconvex, suture;

aperture nearly orbicular: lip thin: umbilical region deeply indented. Mean divergence about 120; greatest breadth .07 inch;, least breadth .06 inch height .05 inch.
;

cose:

Station.-

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

267.

Titrinella
:

eminuda.

Nov.

sp.

white above with excessively minute striae beneath covered with spiral striae apex obtuse whorls three, moderately conspire scarcely elevated, convex vex, with a distinct suture; last whorl with the periphery subangular aperture orbicular, very oblique lip thin umbilicus
:

Shell discoidal
;

of growth

narrow, deep.

VITRINELLA.

Panama
;

Shells.

189
inch';

Mean divergence about 170

least

greatest breadth .062

breadth .053 inch

height .32 inch.

Station.

Unknown.
Panama; 0. B. A.! was found in the calcareous

Habitat.

1 specimen

sand.

268.

Titrinella tricarinata.
:

Nov.

sp.

with three prominent spiral keels, one on the periphery of the last whorl, and one on each side of the upper one is visible on the spire with some it, of which
Shell subdiscoidal

white

irregular transverse
:

stride

spirally striate

within the umbilicus

:

apex subacute spire convex, a little elevated whorls three, the keel, with a distinct depressed above and compressed below
suture
:

aperture oblique, orbicular, angulated

by the

keels

umbilicus wide and deep. Mean divergence about 150

least

greatest breadth .072 inch

breadth .065 inch; height .035 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found in the calcareous sand.

269.

Titrinella valvatoides.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell discoidal

whitish, sub-transparent

last

whorl with a

on the spire, with prominent keel above, which is visible another prominent keel beneath, and a third, less developed, around the umbilicus: spire concave: whorls three, concave above the keel, with a distinct suture last whorl subangular at
:

the periphery umbilicus wide and deep. Greatest breadth .1 inch least breadth .075 inch
:

height .04

inch.
Station.

Unknown.

190
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

TROCHID.E.

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found in

270.

the*

calcareous sand.
Sp. indet.
a.

Sola a

ill 811.

$. granulatum ; it differs from the lower series of tubercles not in Hinds S. quadriceps having so large as the upper series the umbilicus is not so open as in

This species closely resembles

S. granulatum.
Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

S specimens were obtained.

271.

Solarium.

Sp. indet.

b.

This species is eminent for the beauty both of its coloring and of its sculpture. It resembles the preceding, and belongs to a group of closely allied species of which several have been
described

by Dr.

Philippi,

have yet been

figured.

Mr. Hinds, and others. But few This also differs from /S. quadriceps in

having the upper girdle larger than the lower one.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

272.

Solarium.

Sp. indet.

c.

This
color,

is

with the

a small species, finely granulated, of a dark last whorl very convex beneath,

brown

Station.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

We found 6 specimens in the sand.

273.

Troclms catenulatus.
Synonymy.
in Kiist.

Trochus catenulatus Phil,

Conch. Cab.

p. 110. pi. 18.

f.

4.

1847,

TROCHUS.

Panama

Shells.
in Zeitschr.

191
f.

Trochus (Monodonta) catenulatus Menke

for

Malak.

vol.

1850.

p.

173.

Apr. 1851.
Its Carib-

This species belongs to the subgenus MODULUS.

bean analogue
Station.

is T.

angulatiis

Ad.

Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Habitat.

Melchers
C. B.

Menke.
states of preserva-

Taboga
tion.

A.

23 specimens were collected in various

274.

Trochus coronulatiis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell conic, moderately elevated, thick: dingy white, with broad reddish brown oblique flammules, with the nodules pale red with minutely undulated spiral raised lines anteriorlj: :

with four or five larger raised lines with, on the periphery of the last whorl, two spiral nodulous keels, of which one appears
:

on the
linear

spire

with a

series of larger
:

nodules on the shouldered

margin of the whorls

:

spire with the outlines moderately curviwhorls six, planulate above the keels, subacute apex the suture with broadly and deeply canaliculate aperture
: : :
:

nearly orbicular labrum much advanced in the upper part columella bidentate umbilicus one third as wide as the aper:

ture,

reaching to the apex. Mean divergence about 90

;

length .55 inch

greatest breadth

.72 inch

least

breadth

.6 inch.

/Station.

Unknown.
!

Habitat.

Taboga; C. B. A. "We found 2 specimens.

275.

Trochti
:

Leanus.

Nov.

sp.

Shell conic, well elevated

pale yellowish or reddish brown,

;

with broad dark brown oblique flammules anteriorly somewhat articulated with red and yellowish white in fine con-

192
centric lines:

Panama
with

Shells.

TROCHID^T.

many
:

which three larger are next above the suture

outlines nearly rectilinear
:

elevated granulous spiral lines, of spire with the

:

or concave

apex acute whorls nine, planulate next below the suture, very convex or subangular next above the suture, which is moderately impressed last whorl subplanulate anteriorly aperture subquadrate
;
:

labrum thin

columella obliquely produced, nearly straight:

umbilicus wanting.

Mean divergence about 60 length .48 inch breadth .44 inch least breadth .4 inch.
;
;

greatest

Station.

Under

stones at low water mark.

;

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

7 specimens were collected on the reef. have named this pretty species in honor of Isaac Lea, Esq., of Philadelphia.
276.

We

Trochus lima.
Synonymy.

Trochus lima Phil, in

p.

Zeitsclir.

f.

Malak.

vol.

for 1849.

159.
f.

Mar. 1850.
15.

Phil, in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pi. 44.

1850.

Station.

Under

stones,

between the low water mark of the

spring tides and that of the neap tides.

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Philippi.
;

Santa Barbara

E. Jewett

Gould MSS.

C. B.

A.

We collected 75

specimens on the

reef.

277.

Troclms

lividus.

Synonymy.
Trochus lividus Phil, in
P.
Zeitsclir.
f.

Malak.

vol. for

1849,

168.
f.

Mar. 1850.
8.

Phil, in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pi. 45.

1850.

This species belongs to the subgenus MODULUS.

TROCHUS.
Station.

Panama
Unknown.

Shells.

193

Habitat.

Unknown
Acapulco

Philippi.

E. Jewett

Gould MSS.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We found 3 specimens.
278.

Trochus Panamenis.
Synonymy.

Trochus Panamensis Phil, in Zeitschr.

f.

Malak.

p. 127.
f.

Aug. 1848.
16.

Phil, in Kiist. Conch. Cab. pi. 44.

1850.

Fresh specimens are very dark colored

but by exposure the

shell fades to a red color, as in Kiister's figure.

Station.

Under

stones at low water mark.

Habitat.

Panama Panama

B. B. Philippi
C. B.

Philippi.

A.

65 specimens were collected on the

279.

reef.

Trochus

pellis-serpentis.

Synonymy.
Trochus
pellis-serpentis

Wood

Turbo Trochus

Valenc. in
strigilatus

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 5. f. 4. Humb. Rec. Obs. II. 273.

I. I.

1828. 1833.

Phil. Abbild.

pi. 2.

f.

9.

Nov. 1843.
pi. 17.

pellis-serpentis Phil. Abbild.

Index.
f.

KUst. Conch. Cab. p. 105,

Station.
level.

4.

1849

On

or under rocks and large stones near half tide

the tide retires, these animals crawl around over surfaces of the stones and rocks, beneath which they retire
after the

When

surfaces

become dry.

They

are therefore collected

most

easily

when

following the tide out.

We

saw them

in the

greatest

numbers and most

active at twilight.
:

Habitat

Panama

Wood

also Jay.

194

Panama

Shells.

TROCHIDJE.
!

Acapulco; Humboldt
California; Pliilippi.

& Bonpland

Valenciennes.

"West Coast of
Kiister.

Mexico and
C. B.

Central America

Taboga and Panama

A.

On
we

the reef at

Panama we

collected

5 specimens

at

Taboga

collected 500.

280.

Trochtis reticulatus.
Synonymy.

reticulatus
-

Wood

Kust. Conch. Cab.

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 6. f. 38. f. 10. pi. 14.

1828.
1847.

Station.
tides.

Under

stones at the

low water mark of the neap

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Wood.
C. B.

A.

We

collected

600 specimens on the

reef.

TURBO.
of Trochus
is

The
of

difference

between the

shells of

Turbo and
which

little

value.

The

peculiarities of form,

distinguish these genera, are not only inconsiderable and ill denned, but they are also unaccompanied with corresponding
differences in the texture, sculpture, or other characters of the shells, or in the characters of the soft parts of the animals.

great number of other genera present in each a difference of outline equal to that which here is made the ground of generic
distinction.

and the horny opercula present a well defined character. This distinction, however, is not accompanied by corresponding differences in the shells and in the soft parts, and
calcareous
therefore cannot be regarded as of

The

much

zoological value.

But

on account of

its

convenience

we

shall for the present distin-

guish these genera

by

this character.

TURBO.
261.

Panama

Shells.

195

Turbo Buschii.
Synonymy.
3.

Trochus Buschii Phil. Abbild.

-

I.

pi.

f.

3. 4.
1.

Jan. 1844.

32. f. pi. inermis Kiener Iconog. pi. 14. f. 2.

Kiist.

Conch. Cab.

1849
1851.

According

to Dr. Pbilippi, this species is

commonly mistaken
shell

for T. inermis.
inermis,

Kiener has figured the Panama

as
f.

T.
1,

and a very

different species as T. Busehii; v. pi. 31.

On

account of the solid calcareous operculnm,

we have removed

the species into Turbo.

Station.

On

or under stones between the low water

tides.

mark of

the neap tides

Habitat,

and that of the spring

;

Panama Panama Panama

Philippi.

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS.

A.

We collected 180 specimens on the reef.

Dr.
Philippi cites

Von dem Busch

as

authority for the

habitat, but not,

we

suppose, as original testimony.

(?)

282.

Turtoo
:

phasianella.

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate conoid

color various, mostly red or brown, some-

times uniform, frequently in dark flammules on a light ground, sometimes with spiral darker stripes or series of spots surface covered with strong spiral striae apex subacute spire conoid, with the outlines mojderately curvilinear whorls five, convex
:

with a distinct suture

thin
:

aperture broad ovate, subeffuse

labrum

umbilicus very small. Mean divergence about 64

;

length .16 inch

breadth .11

inch

length of spire .08 inch.

Operculum calcareous, very thick and solid. But for the want of a polished surface, this species would have been referred
to Phasianella.
It

may be

a Trochus.

It

may be

Littorina

phasianella Phil, in Zeitschr. Malak. 1848. p. 149.

196
Station.

Panama

Shells.

TROCHIDJE.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

In the calcareous sand we collected 112 specimens in various

stages of growth.
283.

Turbo

riitilus.

Nov.

sp.

Shell trochiform, well elevated:

defined transverse streaks

bright red, with pale, ill with very numerous small very
spire,

oblique subnodulous ridges on the

two or three small

whorls
;

which are traversed by on the lower half of the spiral grooves six to eight narrow deep inequidistant anteriorly with
:
:

spiral grooves spire with the outlines nearly rectilinear apex obtuse (?) whorls (seven ?)* planulate, with a distinct suture
; ;

last

whorl with the periphery angular, subplanulate anteriorly labrum much advanced above columellar lip very much
:
:

dilated

and thickened, appressed

;

Mean divergence about 70 breadth 3 inches least breadth 2.7 inches.

;

umbilicus wanting. length 2.5 inches

greatest

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

obtained 1 specimen on the

reef.

Fragments of a few

others were seen.

284.

Turbo

saxosus.

Synonymy.
Turbo saxosus

Wood Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 6. f. 45. Kiener Iconog. pi. 15. f. 2. pi. 16. f. Kiist. Conch. Cab. p. 54. pi. 13. f. 5,

1828.
2.

6.

1847.
Jan. 1848.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 4. f. 14. Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 49. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 13. f. 14.
* Our unique specimen
is

March 1848.
Apr. 1848.

imperfect

SCALARIA.

Panama

Shells.

197

tion for the

Mr. Eeeve, in referring only to the MSS. of a private collecname of this species, appears to have overlooked the

name and

the tolerably correct figure in extreme varieties are well represented

Wood's Index. by the

Three
the

figures in

Conch. Icon.
fig.

Most of our specimens are intermediate between

/;,

having a second row of tubercles moderately developed above the middle of the last whorl, with a corresponding keel on the spire.
fig.

a and

The operculum is very thick and deeply sculptured, deep indentation corresponds to the apex, and deep narrow furrows of these furrows, the larger is midoccupy arcs of about 300 way between the apex and the margin, and three others are
;

exterior to

it.

The

surface

is

granular, and the sides of the fur-

rows are rugose.

Station.

On

rocks, not far

from the low water mark of the

neap

tides.

Habitat.

Unknown

Wood. West Columbia Cuming Panama C. B. A.

; ; !
;

Reeve.

We
grown

collected
shells

160 specimens on the reef were numerous.

at

Panama.

Half

285.

Scalaria hexagona.
Synonymy.

Scalaria hexagona Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 29. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 98. No. 60. pi.
33.
f.

Feb. 1844.

67.

1844.

Station.

In the sands

Sowerby.

Habitat.

Acapulco; Col. Moffat! Sowerby,

Acapulco; Jay.

Panama
1 specimen

C. B.

A.

was found.

198
286.

Panama

Shells,

EULIMIDJS.

Scalaria obtusa.
/Synonymy,

Scalaria obtusa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

p. 29.

Feb. 1844.

Sowb. Thes, Conch,

f.

p. 98.

No. 63.

33. pi.

54.

1844.
at 6 fatlioms

/Station.

Sandy mud
Punta
St.
;

Cuming
!

Sowerby.

Habitat.

Elena
C. B.

Cuming
!

Sowerby.

Panama

A.

1 specimen was found.

287.

Scalaria.

Sp. indet.

a.

2 specimens, one of which

was immature, were obtained

Sp. indet.
b.

at

Panama.
288.

Scalaria.
at

1 specimen

was obtained
289.

Panama.
Sp. indet.
c.

Scalaria.

immature specimen was obtained

at

Panama,

Family
290.

EULIMID^E.
iota.
:

Eulima

Nov.

sp.

Shell subulate

smooth and shining

with a microscopic line

little

shell is

below the middle of the whorls, above which line the chalcedonic white and translucent, and below which it is
:

transparent

apex subacute
:

spire

much

arcuated
:

whorls

ten,

moderately convex, with a distinct suture aperture small, labrum much advanced along the middle. It ovate, subeffuse

may be
inch
;

a STYLIFER.

Mean
;

breadth .03 inch

divergence about 20 length of spire .06 inch.

length .08

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We found 1

mature and 1 young specimen.

EULIMA.
291.

Panama

Shells.

199
Nov.
sp.

Eiilima recta,

ehalcedonic wliite, with a more opaque and another less opaque spiral band at the upper part of the whorls with two minute delicate brown spots on the laShell long, ovate conic:
;

brum, and above with several similar pairs of spots at the stages of growth smooth and shining, with a few very faint trans:

verse

marking stages of growth apex very acute spire with the axis straight, with the outlines nearly rectilinear whorls eleven, subplanulate, with the suture very indistinct last whorl long, with the periphery very regularly rounded
strias
: : ; :

aperture narrow and very acute above

anteriorly
:

labrum sharp, retreating

breadth
.1

Mean
inch
;

columella stout, nearly straight. divergence about 21; length .41 inch; length of spire .285 inch.

Station.

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat

C. B.

A.

5 specimens were collected.

292.

Eii lima solitaria.

:

Nov.

sp.

ehalcedonic white, with a brownish tinge above the middle of the spire smooth and shining apex acute spire with the axis nearly straight, with the outlines
Shell long, ovate conic
: :

nearly rectilinear
:

whorls eleven, planulate, with the suture very indistinct last whorl with the periphery very regularly rounded aperture ovate, acute above labrum sharp, much
: :
:

advanced along the middle into an elegantly curved edge mella stout, slightly curved. This may be a STYLIFER.

colu-

Mean
inch
;

length .19 inch divergence about 23 of .14 inch. spire length

;

breadth .055

Station.

On

Holothuriae.

which is very common at Taboga, did not furnish any specimens. larger species, which is more rare, afforded one shell.

The small Panama and

Habitat.

species of Holothuria,
at

Taboga

C. B.

A.

200

Panama
Family
293.

Shells.

TOKNATELLIDJE.
Sp. indet.

Pyramitlella.
shell,

snow white
It
is

Panama.
whorls.

of which 1 specimen was found near probably a young shell, having only eight

294.

Pyramidella
:

coiiica.

Nov.

sp.

Shell long, regularly conic

brown on the
suture
:

white on the upper whorls, dark with a others, pale spiral line just above the

surface

smooth and shining

:

apex very acute

spire

whorls fourteen, flat, with the suture in a narrow deep groove last whorl sharply angulated labrum thin columella at the periphery aperture oblique with three plaits, of which the one is lamelliform, and the other
with the outlines rectilinear
: :
:

two are very

small.
:

Mean
inch
;

divergence, about 23

length .52 inch

breadth .175

length of spire .88 inch.

is

This species
spire.

remarkable for the exact conical form of the

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found.

Family

NEEITIDJE.
any

IfATICA. We

are deterred from the description of

indeterminate species in this genus, because several species, which belong to the same zoological province, are known to us Even the species which was only by brief descriptions.

obtained most plentifully,

yet from
its

we have

not been able to determine

abundance,

it

must be well known.

Monographs
to

of Natica and Nerita are

now

greatly to be desired.

The
this

success with

which M. Recluz has devoted himself

is

and

to the allied genera

well known.

By

the thorough

NATICA.

Panama

Shells.

201
little

exploration of a limited field, those who have but from other pursuits may add much to science.
295.

leisure

Natica Chenmitzii.
Synonymy.

to

The synonymy of this species was overlooked until too late be completed. With the partial data now before us, it

appears to be Pfeiffer's N. Chemmtzii, which, and N. unifasciata Lam., and N. lurida Phil., were included by Koch (Zeitschr.
fur Malak. 1844. p. 154) in the Chemnitzian species N. maroccana. the N. marochiensis of Gmelin, not of Lamarck. Probait is the N. maroccana of Menke in his catalogue of Mazatlan shells, in Zeitschr. fur Malak. 1847, p. 179.

bly

Station.

On

soft

mud
;

near low water mark.

!

Habitat.

Mazatlan

Melchers
Lt.

Menke.
Inst.
:

Guaymas MSS. Panama

;

Green Mus. Essex

!

also

Gould

C. B.

A.

We collected
east of

60 specimens at the bottom of the beach next

Panama.
296.

Natica lurida
Synonymy.

Nalica lurida
Station.

in Ktist. (?) Phil,

Conch. Cab.

Unknown.
Taboga
;

Habitat

C. B.

A.

8 specimens were collected.

297.

IVatica otis.
Synonymy.

Natica

otis
-

Brod. and Sowb. in Zool. Journ. IV. 372.

1829.

Beech. Voy. pi. 34. Kust. Conch. Cab. pi. 9. f. 4.

Gray

in Zool.

f.

13.

1839.

1850.
AND. LYC. NAT. Hiar.

JULY,

1852.

14

202
Station.

Panama

Shells.

NERITIDJE.

This beautiful species was found crawling on a sand beach, a little below half tide level. Like its congeners,
it

crawled half buried in the sand, leaving a furrow behind.

Habitat

Mazatlan

Broderip and Sowerby

C. B. A.

also Gray.

Mazatlan; Jay.

Taboga

11 specimens, mostly rather small, were taken on the north side of a sand beach, which, except at high water, joins Taboga The specimens had to a small island on its northeast side.
the

corneous opercula, but unfortunately these were destroyed by rats, which entered one of the boxes on their passage around

Cape Horn.
298.

Natica Salangonensis ?
Synonymy.

Natica Salangonemis

(?)

Reel, in Proc. Zool.Soc.Lond.p. 211. Dec. 1843.

Station. Sandy mud Cuming Eecluz. One of our specimens was taken alive in sandy mud between half tide and low
! ;

water mark.
Habitat.

Salango

Cuming! Recluz.
C. B. A.
!

Panama

10 specimens were collected.

299.

Natica Souleyetiana.
Synonymy.

Natica Souleyetiana Reel, in

pi. 14.

Petit. Jouru.
f.

Conch.

I.

385.

8.

Dec. 1850.

Station.

Unknown.
Pacific

Habitat.

Ocean? Reel.
;

Panama
1

C. B.

A.

mature and 3 young specimens were found.

NATICA.
300.

Panama
\.ilir.i

Shells.

203

Yirginea?

Synonymy.
Natica virginea
(/)

Reel, in Petit. Journ. Conch.

12. pi.
f.

I.

388.

6.

Dec. 1850.

The description and figure by M. Recluz, accurately represent a small specimen of our shells, except that the very minute crowded spiral striae are not mentioned. The outline is too
regularly rounded to correspond well with the description of N. Panamaensis Reel. Our largest specimen is 1.75 inch long,

and

1.4 inch wide.

Station.

Unkno wn.
Realejos
:

Habitat.

Recluz.
C. B.

Panama

A.

We

collected

40 specimens,

all

of which were occupied by

hermit crabs.
301.
Station.

IVatica

a. Sp. indet

In wet sand, from half tide to low water mark. tracks of this species were abundant on the beach, and led to the discovery of numerous living specimens.

The

Habitat.

Panama
city.

We

collected

C. B. A. 200 specimens, mosily on the beach one mile

! ;

west of the

302.

IVatica

Sp. indet.

b.

K cora Orb.

me by M. Petit as But the figures of that species in Orbigny's Voy. Amer. Merid. and in Kiist. Conch. Cab. represent a very

Two

specimens of this species were sent to

different shell with the form (extraordinary in this genus) of a

compressed cylinder but aur shells and M. Petit's have a well curved outline. It is a white and very solid but small species of the mammillate group.
;

204
Station.

Panama
In wet sand.
Callao
;

Shells.

NERITID^E.

Habitat.

Petit in sched.
;

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We

found only 2 specimens.

303.

Natica
.

Sp. indet.

c.

Station.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B. A.

obtained only 1 imperfect specimen. It may possibly be a variety of N. Elence, Eecl. It scarcely differs from N. Haneli Keel, except in the absence of spiral striae (which a better speci-

We

men might

exhibit),

and

in the continuity of the transverse

impressed lines across the last whorl.

IVERIT A.
of individual?,
all

In this genus we found an incredible profusion of which belong to only two species.

304.

Merita scaforicosta.
Synonymy.

Nerita scabricosta Lara, (non Delessert) An. sans Vert. VI. Pt. 2. 194. No. 14. p.
ornata

Sowb.

<3en. pi. 4.

f.

4. pi. 8.
f.

Apr. 1822. 1824.

1828.

Wood
scabricosta

Ind. Test.

Supp.

4.

Lam. An.

sans Vert. VIII. 608. No. 14.

(Desh. Ed.) Deshayesii Reel, in Rev.Zool. (var.) ornata Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 202.
Phil. Abbild.
scabricosta
I.

1838.

f.

4.

Apr. 1841, 1842.

Jan. 1844.

p. 1. pi. 1.

f.

2. 3.

Lam. An. sans Vett. III. Pt.

(Desb. ed.
tert.)

2.

486. No. 14.

1844.

multiiugis

Menke
Reeve

in Zeitsch. Mai. p. 179. Elem. Conch, pi. 16. f. 86.

Dec. 1847.

scabricosta Reel, in Petit. Journ. Conch. 1.287. 410.

pi.

11.

f.

2.

Sep. 1850.

By some

mistake N. costata appears to have been figured in

Deless. Rec. for this

Lamarckian

species.

NERITA.

Panama

Shells.

205
black color, with are sparingly mottled
jet

Most of our specimens are of a uniform

the exception of the eroded spire. Some with cream colored spots, and a few specimens have

some small

bright red spots on or near the labrum. Several are elegantly banded with narrow or broad spiral stripes of cream or orange
colors.

The young

are

more or

less profusely

mottled with

white, grey, and greyish black.

Station.

On

tide levels.

rocks between high water and three-quarter They are especially disposed to collect in the

crevices of rocks.

The young

are

commonly seen crawling

above high water mark, where the rocks and stones are wet
with spray.
Habitat.

Unknown Lamarck:
;

also
:

Wood.

Eeal Llejos

Sowerby
!

also Recluz.

California; Philippi.

Mazatlan
I.

Melchers

Menke.

of Timor; Recluz.
;

West Coast of South America Petit. Panama Jay. Panama and Taboga; C. B. A.!
;

We collected 400 specimens on

the reef.

Probably the statement of habitat (I. of Timor,) by Recluz is erroneous. It was taken from the label of the Lamarckian
specimen (long supposed to be unique) in the Massena Collection.

305.

IVerita

Sp. indet.

a.

may be M. Bernhardi Panama, but we have not seen

This
Station.

Reel.,

which

is

said to inhabit

the description of that species.

On

rocks and stones from half tide level to the low

tides.

water mark of neap

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

collected 2,800 specimens.

206
soc.

Panama

Shells.

NEJRITID.E.

Neritina Giiayaquilensis.
Synonymy.

Neritina

Guayaquilensis Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 520. No. 44. pi. 114. f. 177.

1849.

This may, according to Becluz, be identical with N. intermedia Sowb. It is certainly identical with shells which have been distributed by Mr. Cuming and by Mr. Petit under the latter name. Mr. Sowerby's figures, however, seem to represent

two

species.

Station.

This shell was found a

little

above the highest

tides,

among
water.

sticks

and

leaves, in a

muddy
;

place overflowed

by

fresh

Habitat.

Eeal Llejos, Guayaquil

Cuming

Sowerby.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Two

miles east of Panama

we

collected 90 specimens in vari-

ous stages of growth.

307.

Neritina picta.
Synonymy.

Neritina picta (uon Hsening) Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 201.

Dec. 1832.

Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. VIII. 588.

-

No. 40. Sowb. Conch.

Desh. in

1838.
111.

No. 35. pi. 86. f. 1. Lam. An. sans Vert. III. Pt.
f.

1841.
2.

p. 479. No. 40. (Ed. tert.) Thes. Conch, p. 530. pi. 116.

1844.

267-9.

1849.

Station.

On
On

mud bank
;

water

Cuming! Sowerby
sticks

partially overflowed with fresh " Dans les eaux douces Cuming!"
;

grove of trees, a little above half- tide level: also in dirty places on rocks at or a little below half tide level. According to our observations it
Deshayes.
stones, in a
is strictly

and

marine.

Habitat.

Panama Panama

Cuming
Recluz
:

Sowerby.
also Jay.

PEDIPES.

Panama
San Miguel
;

Shells.

207
Inst.

Lt.

Green

Mus. Essex

Panama;

C. B. A.!

290 specimens were collected. The specimens which Lieut. Green collected are of extraordinary size.

Family
308.

AUKICULID^E.
Nov.
sp.

Pedipes angulata.
:

Shell ovate globose

ture
:

dark brownish

red,

white in the aper-

solid

with crowded wrinkled unequal raised spiral

finer

lines,

which are much

on the upper part of the whorls,

:

and which on the middle of the whorls are larger, and are disposed with one or two smaller lines between the larger lines
apex subacute
whorls a
little
:

spire with the outlines

somewhat

curvilinear;

four, very angular, concave above the angle, imbricately appressed at the suture last whorl large and ventricose, subangular below the middle aperture subelliptical
;

more than

labrum very sharp, sinuated by the angle on the whorls, a little within much thickened by a white callus, which is interrupted
at the angle,

and next below it, is developed into a long tooth columella expanded with a broad flat surface, with two acute transverse plaits, of which the lower one is smaller labium
: :

with a very large lamelliform spiral plait above the columella umbilicus wanting.

Mean
inch
;

divergence about
.1

90;

length .25 inch; breadth .19

length of spire

inch.

Station.

Under

stones at high water mark.

;

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

collected

Panama.

90 specimens at the foot of the sea wall at This and the two species of Truncatella were found

only in one place less than two yards in diameter. Mr. Cuming obtained at Iquiqui a very small species of believe that these Pedipes, which has not been described.

We

two are the only known

species in this zoological province.

208

Panama

Shells.

AUEICULID^:.

AURICULA.
number of known
very few appear
gical province in

Eight species of

this
;

and two of these occurred abundantly able to determine only two of the less common

genus were found, but we have been

species.

The

species in the genus is very considerable, yet to be known which belong to the same zoolo-

which Panama

is

situated.

Two

rather large

species were collected by Mr. Cuming in West Columbia, and were described by M. Petit in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1842.

309.

Auricula acuta.
/Synonymy.

Auricula acuta

Orb. in Guerin Mag. Zool. p. 23. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 326.
f.

1835.
pi.

42.

4-6.
in sched.

1840.

Marinula Recluziana Cuming

Station.

1852.

Near brackish

water

M. Fontaine

Orbigny.

Under

stones near high water mark.

Habitat.

Near Guayaquil West Columbia

M. Fontaine

Orbigny.

Cuming
!

in sched.

Panama
Only
1

C. B.

A.

mature and 2 young specimens were obtained.

310.

Auricula conciima.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell ellipsoidal blackish brown, paler on the convexity of the last whorl, with a yellowish white spiral band on the last whorl issuing from beneath the suture with the plaits and
;

callus in the aperture white

smooth and shining

:

apex acute

spire with the outlines

very curvilinear whorls five, convex, the suture moderately impressed with imbricately appressed,
;

last

aperture narrow and very acute above, much contracted by the plaits labrum sharp, in the lower part much thickened within by a broad thick deposit plaits three, of which

whorl long

the lower one

is

very oblique, and the upper one

is

very large,

AURICULA.
concave on the lower
to

Panama

Shells.

209

the

side, and on the upper side extended summit of the aperture with a transversely ridged

surface.

Mean divergence about 80

inch
;

length .32 inch

breadth

.2

length of spire .09 inch.

Station.

suckers,

Our specimens were found mostly on the short which were growing up thickly beneath the mangroves,

near high water mark.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

collected 74 specimens

two and one-half miles

east of

Panama.
311.

Auricula
:

infreqiicsis.

Nov.

sp.

brown, with a pale ill-defined spiral band a little below the suture with fine stride of growth apex acute with the outlines whorls six, spire moderately curvilinear with a obtusely shouldered, deep suture last whorl compressed
: :

Shell ellipsoidal

aperture subelliptical, rather wide labrum very thin with two plates, of which one is at the anterior part of the aperture and
: :

is

oblique,

and the other

is

transverse and
;

is at

the middle.
;

Mean
inch
;

divergence about 80 length of spire .1 inch.

length .23 inch

breadth .15

Station.

Under

stones,

near high water mark.

Habitat.

Panama;

C. B.

A.!

6 specimens, in company with Pedipes angulata, at the base of the sea wall of Panama.

We collected
312.

Auricula Paiiamensis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell long ovate

plaits are white
:

blackish red throughout except that the

smooth and shining, with a few microscopic striae near the spiral apex apex acute spire with the outlines very curvilinear over the middle whorls, and nearly rectilinear on the lower whorls: whorls eight, convex, imbricately appressed
:

210

Panama

Shells.

AUKICULID^:.
;

upper part of the lower whorls compressed last whorl subangular next below the compressed part aperture rather long, very acute above labrum moderately thickened but not reflected
:

with three plaits on the left side, of which the middle one is sometimes with a small larger and the lower one is the least
;

toothlike plait on the right side. The general form varies, as will be seen in the following

dimensions of two' specimens, the first number expressing the mean divergence, the second the length, the third the breadth,

and the fourth the length of the

50
;

spire
;

65;
Station.

.44 inch " .37

stones,

.2

.17 inch "

.13

.23 inch. "

Under

at

high water mark

or crawling

over wet stones.

Habitat.

Panama and Taboga

C. B.

A.

650 specimens were collected near the sea wall of Panama,

where the species was most abundant.

313.

Auricula

f agnails.

Synonymy.
Auricula stagnalis
Orb.
in

Guerin Mag.

Zool.

Synop.
9.

p. 23.*

ReeveConcli.Syst.pl. 187. f. Orb. Voy. Am. Mer. p. 325.

papillifera Kust. p. 25.
7)

pi.

July 1835. (too narrow.) 1842. 42. f. 7, 8. 1846.

stagnalis

TZ-.. Kust.

p. 70.

>m

r
)

p'J

f-

>

1.

10

_
M.

Station.

In a marsh, and even in stagnant fresh water

!

Fontaine

Orbigny.
a heap of stones just above

Our specimens were found under

high water mark.
* The
vol. of the

Mag.

is

not paged continuously, nor are the

new

species of

Mollusca, which are described by D'Orbigny, enumerated in the Table Methodique.

Kiister appears to be in error

when he

ascribes the authorship of this article to

M. Petit

AURICULA.
Habitat.
;

Panama

Shells.

211

Guayaquil M. Fontaine Orbigny. West Columbia Cuming Kiister.

!

I.

of

Tumaca;
;

Gaining! in sched.

Panama

C. B.

A.

At
mens

the base of the sea wall of the city

in various stages of growth.
is

we

collected 36 speci-

They

are rather

more robust
cited.

than the species

represented in the figures

above

314.

Auricula Tabogensis.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell obovate

very dark brownish red, more or

less

rufous
:

on the columella, usually white on the plaits and callus within smooth and shining, with some fine spiral stria? on the upper acute spire with the outlines very curvilinear whorls
:

apex

whorls

ten,

imbricately appressed, with a distinct suture

:

last

whorl large aperture long and narrow, in the right side mostly covered by a transversely ridged callus with three plaits on the left side, of which the upper one is a little larger, and the two
:

lower are separated by a sinus. Mean divergence about 100

inch
;

length .59 inch

breadth .36

length of spire .15 inch. Two specimens of A. fusca Phil., which we have received from M. Petit, are more angular in the upper part of the whorls, and have the callus within the labrum more finely and closely
ridged.

A. fusca, as figured by Kiister, more robust and less A. fusca pyriform than our shell. According to M. Petit's label, Sandwich mentions the Kiister and the at occurs Marquesas,
Islands as
its

habitat.

formis Petit
there
is

(West Columbia, Cuming no resemblance.

In outline our shell resembles A. pyribut within the aperture !),

Station.

On and under

stones and rocks at high water mark.

C. B.

Habitat.

Taboga and Panama;

collected.

A.

800 specimens were

212
315.

Panama

Shells.

CYCLOSTOMID.E.
Nov.
sp.

Auricula trilineata.
:

Shell obovate
tant white lines

dark brownish
last whorl,

red,

on the
:

with three revolving disof which the anterior line is

:

not so well denned

striae

rufous on the columella

?

of growth

apex obtuse
:

with irregular spire very small, with the out,*

:

lines

curvilinear

whorls

very
last
:

narrow,

imbricately

appressed, with the suture distinct

volate
:

aperture very long, narrow over the whole visible interior, which is transversely deposit at the end of the columella with a twisted plait, sepaplaited
:

whorl very large, conlabrum not sharp, with a

by a sinus from a large transverse plait, above which are four small approximate transverse plaits.
rated

Mean divergence about 135

inch
;

length .71 inch

breadth .43

length of spire .05 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

specimen was found.

sic.

Auricula

-.

Sp. indet.

Station.

Under

stones at high water mark.

C. B.

Habitat

Panama

A.

obtained 2 specimens, which, although immature, appear distinct from the other species of Auricula.

We

Family

CYCLOSTOMID^E.
include this genus, as well as

TRUIVCATEr,liA. We

Pedipes and Auricula, in this paper, because they are maritime in their habits. Their geographical distribution, corresponding

with that of the marine genera,

the terrestrial molluscs.

is

entirely different

from that of

sion.

* In our unique specimen the suture of the iipper whorls Probably the number of whorls is six or seven.

is

obliterated

by

ero-

TKUNCATELLA.
317.

Panama

Shells.

213
Nov.
sp.

Truncatclfla Bairdiana.
:

Shell cylindric

of a rich

amber

color

with rather small

less pro-

crowded

ribs,

which are obsolete behind the labrum,

minent on the convexity of the whorls, well developed anteriorly, in number about twenty -four on the penult whorl: apex acute, truncate with the loss of four whorls spire with the out:

whorls nearly four after truncation, convex, with a well impressed suture aperture ovate, slightly effuse above: labrum advanced along the middle, reflected, double labium with a thick deposit, continuous with the
lines slightly curvilinear;
: :

labrum.

Mean divergence about 22, being considerably less in the lower whorls and more above; length after truncation, .21 inch; breadth .075 inch length of spire .15 inch.
;

This species must resemble island of Annaa but that shell

;

T. scalariformis
is

Reeve from the

truncation, in color
is

it is

figured with five whorls after described as " luteola," and the labrum

said to be sharp
Station.

and

simple.

Under a heap of

stones at the high water

mark of

spring

tides.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

400 specimens were collected

at the

bottom of the sea wall of

Panama.

One specimen has come

apex, which, however,
decay.
is

to maturity without the loss of the

white and cretaceous from partial

to Professor S.

We
name

dedicate this species

is

F. Baird,

whose

so well

known

to Herpetologists.

318.

Truncatella
:

(!?)

dubiosa.

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate conic

translucent, deep yellowish

:

brown

thin,

smooth, and shining

apex subacute
whorls

moderately

curvilinear:

six,

spire with the outlines convex, with a well

214
impressed suture
: ;

Panama
last

Shells.

BULLIDJE.

whorl rather short and subangular, but labium a ventricose aperture broadly ovate labrum thin little reflected below, above interrupted by the penult whorl.
:
:

Mean
inch
;

length .083 inch divergence about 45 length of spire .045 inch.

;

breadth .055

Operculum corneous.
Station.

With

Truncatella Bairdiana.
C. B.

Habitat.

Panama

A.

550 specimens were

collected.

This species cannot properly be referred to Truncatella. The apex is not truncated the operculum is horny and the general
; ;

form and texture indicate a different genus. In form it approximates to T.fusca, T. littorea,'&[,c., which are not Truncatellse, but

which probably belong to Bembicium. From the habits of our species, it may be inferred to be an air-breathing mollusc, while
the characters of the shell
are

very different from those of

Bembicium.

The

shell appears too deficient in characters suit-

able for generic distinction, and we refrain from, proposing a new genus until the soft parts shall be known.

Family
319.

BULLULE.
Nov.
sp.

Riilla (Tornatina) infrequens.

cylindric, not

white compressed about the middle smooth apex papillary, very minute and prominent spire moderately elevated, convex whorls four and one-half, acutely
Shell
: : :
:

shouldered, with a deeply channeled suture

:

aperture long and

narrow, anteriorly rounded labrum very thin, much advanced columella terminating in a very robust along the middle
:

spiral plait.

Mean divergence about 130;

inch
;

length .28 inch; breadth .11

length of spire .03 inch.

Station.

Unknown.

BULL A.
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

215

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

320.

Btilla (Cyliclma) Iwticola.

:

Nov.

sp.

Shell subcylindric, wider anteriorly pale horn color, subapex in a transparent with the striro of growth very minute
: :

deep narrow umbilicus, which is partly covered by the upper part of the labrum last whorl compressed around the middle
: :

aperture rising higher than the umbilicus, linear above, suborlabrum very thin, much advanced along the bicular below
:

middle

columella thickened with a callus

anterior umbilical

region indented, partly covered with a deposit. Length .2 inch breadth .095 inch.
;

This species was found crawling on liquid mud, near low water mark, at the bottom of a steep sand beach.
Station.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

28 specimens were collected half a mile east of Panama.

321.

JBidla punctulata.
Synonymy.

Bulla, punctata

Ad.

in

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

123.
f.

p.

577. No. 53.

pi.

77.

1849.

jmnctulata
Station.

Ad.

in

Sowb. Thes. Conch. Index.

1849.

Sandy mud, 10 fathoms Cuming A. Adams.

!

Habitat.

Panama Cuming A. Adams. Acapulco E. Jewett Gould MSS.

! ;

Taboga;

C. B.

A.!

25 specimens were found in various states of preservation.

322.

Blllla
is

-.

Sp. indet.

Another

species

represented

by

1 imperfect specimen.

216

Panama
Family
323.

Shells.

HALIOTID.E.

VERMETID^E.

Vermetus glomeratus ?
Synonymy.

Serpula ylomerata

Var.

b.

(alt.

excl.)

Lam. An. sans

July 1818.
1838.
2.
f.

Vert. V. 363. No. 6.

Var.

b.

(alt.

excl.)

Lam. An. sans

6. (Desli. ed.)
111.

Vert. V. 619.

No.

Vermetus ylomcratus

Rousseau

in

Chenu.

Conch,
pi.

pi.
f.

2.

1843.

centiquadrus? Val. Voy. Venus. Moll.

11.

1.

1846.

Station. Attached by a small part of the spiral portion of the shells to rocks and stones near the low water mark of neap
tides.

Habitat.

Mazatlau

Melchers
C. B.

Menke.

Panama

A.

We collected 25
324.

specimens on the

reef.

Vermetus Panamensis.
Synonymy.
Conch,
1843.

Vermetus Panumensis Rousseau in Chenu.

Station.

111.

pi. 5.

f.

1.

In the same situations as V. glomeratus, attached

all

on one side of
Habitat.

the whorls.
C. B.

Panama

A.

10 specimens were collected.

Of

these two species of Vermetus, a

collected,

much

larger

number of

specimens might have been

labor in carefully detaching

with some additional

rocks.

them from the

Family
325.

HALIOTLTLE.
Nov.
sp.

Stomatella inflata.
:

Shell very obliquely elliptical white, thick and opaque thinner with very fine irreand translucent above anteriorly,
:

HIPPONYX.
gular
striae

Panama
of growth
: ;

Shells.

217
:

obtuse, prominent

without spiral strife apex minute, whorls two, very convex, with a well

impressed suture
:

last

whorl very oblique, much inflated and

very convex aperture contracted, yet exhibiting the spiral columella to the apex columellar side of the aperture abruptly
;

arcuated.

Length obliquely
Station.

.45 inch

breadth obliquely .31 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found.

Family
326.

CALYPTR^EID^.
.

HippOIiyx

Sp. indet.

species only 2 small specimens, which proThe spire has more than two whorls. are immature. bably be the young of Hipponyx subrufa Sowb. Lam. ? They may

We found of this

The Lamarckian

Pileopsis subrufa is probably the Caribbean

is

species, of which Mr. Sowerby's species

the Pacific analogue.

I

327.

Hipponyx barbata
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hipponyx barbata

Sowb.

Lond.

p. 5.
1.

Jan. 1835.
f.

-? Sowb.

Thes. Conch, p. 369. No.

pi. 73.

26, 27.

1846.

correspond very nearly to the description and Yet they may be distinct. It will be figures by Sowerby. that seen they belong to a distinct zoological province. Our

Our

shells

specimens also resemble Pileopsis pilosus Desh. in Guer.

1832, pi. 19.
Station.

May

On

stones and shells near low water mark.

Habitat.

Ad

Insulas Maris Pacifici.

Found on

coral reefs
;

around Toobouai, one of the Society Islands

Cuming
JULY,
1852.

Sowerby.
15
ANN. LYC. NAT. HUT.

218

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

CALYPTR^ID^E.

C. B.

A.

12 specimens were collected.

328.

Hipponyx Panamensis.
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.
-

Hipponyx mitrula Sowb. (non Lam.)

p. 5.

Loud.
Jan. 1835.

Sowb. (non Lam.) Thes.

2. pi. 73.
f.

in

Conch,

p. 369. No.

18-20.

1846.

We propose this name for a shell, which Mr. Sowerby seems The Lamarckian to have confounded with H. mitrula Lam.
Caribbean species, which has a curved apes that is " sometimes much elongated, " apice adimco Lam. The Panama
shell is the shell is obliquely conic,

with the apex moderately prominent.

The
strise

concentric laminge are

more numerous and the radiating

shell.

on them are more deeply impressed than in the Caribbean This species is thick and solid.
.67 inch
;

height .37 inch. dead specimen of Cardita affinis has on one valve 4 rather small individuals. The attached valves are rather thin, and have

Length

breadth

.7

inch

been more or

less perforated,

from within the Cardita, by some

is

boring animal.
deposit,

Around
fills

the perforations there

a thicker

which

up some of them.

Station.

On

stones in 17 fathoms water,

Cuming

shells near

Sowerby. low water mark.

among coarse sand; Our specimens were found on stones and

Habitat.

Lobos

I.
;

Cuming
C. B.

Sowerby.

Panama

A.

14 specimens were collected.

329.

Hipponyx radiata.
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Hipponyx radiata Sowb.

-

Jan. 1835. Lond. p. 5. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 3 70. No. 4. pi. 73. f. 24, 25. 1846.

CALYPTR.EA.
/Station.

Panama
;

/Sheik.

219
!

Attached to rocks

Cuming

mens were found attached

Habitat.

to stones near

Sowerby. Our low water mark.

!

speci-

Panama and Panama C.

;

the Gallapago

Is.

Cuming Sowerby.

B. A.

16 specimens were collected.

330.

Calyptraea aberrant.

Nov.

sp.

Shell irregularly,

pearly, with fine irregular striae of

somewhat concave externally papyraceous, growth apex very minute,

: :

subterminal
fect
:

the cup in our unique specimen is probably imperwhat remains consists of a very thin, deeply concave, nar:

In texture

row lamina, transversely attached under the apex of the shell. this shell much resembles a valve of an Anomia.
Length
Station.
.7

inch

breadth .59 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

1 specimen

was found.

331.

Calyptraea (Syphopaiella) aspersa.

: :

Nov.

sp,

thin dingy or brownish white, irregularly with reddish brown spots with very short and sprinkled many irregular minute wrinkles apex acute, central lamina with

Shell conic

the fold appressed only at the inner margin, broadly expanded, making about two thirds of a revolution : margin very thin

and

acute.
;

Diameter .55 inch

Station.

height .21 inch.

Under

stones at low water mark,

C. B.

Habitat.

Panama

A.

3 specimens were found.

220
332.

Panama

Shells.

Calyptraea cepacea.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea cepacea Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 35. Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 19*7.
pi. 27.
f.

May

1834.

4,

1835.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 142. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 633. No. 24.

May

1836.

(Desh. ed.) Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.

1838.

July 1838.
1.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. III. Pt.

ed.
ter.t.)
f.

p.

233.

No. 24. (Desh.

1841.

Chenu
Station.

Lee. Elern. p. 144.

462

1847.
at a

Adhering
;

to
!

dead

shells, in

sandy mud,
to

depth

of 11 fathoms

Cuming Broderip. Our specimens were found adhering

dead

shells, at

low

water mark.
Habitat.
I.

of Muerte
also

Cuming
:
!

Broderip

also

Deshayes

Eev. Zool.
;

also Miiller.

Mazatlan

Melchers
C. B.

Menke.

Panama

A.

4 small specimens were found.

333.

Calyptreea conica.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea (Syphopatella) conica Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 38. -

May
7.

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
-

I.

202.

pi. 27.

f.

1835.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 147.

-

May

1836.
1838.

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 630.

No.
-

17. (Desh. ed.)

Lam. An. sans

p.

Vert. III. Pt. 1.

tert.)

232. No. 17. (Desh. ed.

I

1841.

Station.

Attached to

shells in

deep water Cuming Broderip.

;

CALYPTRJSA.
Habitat.

Panama

Shells.

221
!

Xipixapi and Salango

Miiller.

Cuming

Broderip

also

Panama

C. B.

A.

12 specimens were obtained.

334.

Calyptraea dentata.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea rugosa dentata

Station.

Reeve (non Desh.) Conch. Syst.

pi.

144.

f.

1.

1842.

Menke

Zeitschr.

Malak.

p. 185.

Dec. 1847.

Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Habitat.

Melchers
C. B.

Menke.

Panama;

A.

8 specimens were collected.

335.

Calyptraea hispida.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea

Calypeopsis) hispida Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
200.

p. 37.

May
f.

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.

I.

pi.

27.

10.

1835.

Mull. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 144. May 1836. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 638,

No. 36. (Desh. ed.) Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.

1838.

July 1838.
1841.
464.
1847.

Lam. An. sans Vert.

Chenu
No. 36. (Desh. Lee. Elem.

Pt. 1. p. 233.

ed. tert.)
p. 144.
f.

Our specimens vary much

almost
:

in

form and in coloring.

Some

are

flat, but the cup is as deep in such as in the more conisuch specimens grow on a concave surface. One cal shells

shell,

instead of having a subcircular outline, has the outline of a very eccentric ellipse. The color of some is nearly white of others, a deep brown; many are spotted and striped in the manner described by Mr. Broderip.
;

222
Station.

Panama

Shells.

CALYPTR^EID^E.
at a

On

dead

shells,

in

sandy mud,

depth of 12

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip. Our specimens were found under stones at low water mark.
Habitat.
I.

of Muerte

Cuming

Broderip

also Eev. Zool.

also Miiller.

Deshayes also Jay. and Panama Taboga C. B. A. 20 specimens were collected.

I.
:
;

of Muerte

336.

Calyptraea imbricata.
Synonymy.

Calyptnca (Calypeopsis) imbricata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 36.

I.

May

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.

193.
pi.

27.

f.

7.

1835.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 143. May 1838,

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 636.

No. 33. (Desh. ed.) - Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.
;

1838.

July 1838.
1842.

Hanley Conch. Book Spec.

p. 13.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 460.

Station.

1843.

On

stones in sandy
1

mud

at a

depth of from 6 to 10

fathoms;
Habitat.

Cuming

Broderip.

Panama

Cumiug Broderip
!

also

Eev. Zool.

also

Miiller.

Central America

Deshayes.

Payta

Orbigny.
;

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

mentions another habitat, that the authority is not stated.

As M. Deshayes

it is

to be regretted

CALYPTR^EA.
337.

Panama

Shells.

223

Calyptraea iiiaculata.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea (Calypeopsis) maculata Brod. (non

Quoy)

in Proc.
p. 37.

Zool. Soc.

Lond.

May

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
-

I.

200.

pi.

27.

f.

1 1.

835.

Mull.

Synop.

Nov.

Test.

Viv. p. 145. May 1836. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 638.

No. 37.

Desk

ed.

1838.

Rev. Zool. Guv. Soc.

Station.

July 1838.

In sandy

mud on

dead

shells at a

depth of 11

fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Habitat.
I.
I.

of Muerte of Muerte
; ;

Cuming
A.
!

Broderip

also Eev. Zool.

Deshayes.

Panama

C. B.

2 specimens were found.

338.

Calyptraea planulata.
: :

Nov.

sp.

thin pure white with very minute obsolete around the apex apex subare which radiating striae, above the plane of the shell elevated central, acute, slightly

Shell

flat,

suborbicular

cup with the

sides free
:

and the corners

thin.

acute, thin,
It

curved

through about 220

trcea as restricted

margin very

belongs to Calyp-

by Broderip.
;

Length
Station.

.32 inch

breadth .35 inch.

to

Adhering

an oyster, a

little

below half

tide level.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

specimen was found.

339.

Calyptrwa radiata.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea (Calypeopsis) radiata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 36. -

May

1834.

224

Panama

Shells.

Calyptrcea radiata Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. p. 198. pi. 27. f. 6.

Lond.

I.

1835.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 143. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 635. No.
31. (Desh. ed.) Rev. Zool. Guv. Soc.

May

1836.

1838.
July 1838.
1.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. III. Pt.

ed. tert.)
p.

p. 234.

Chenu
Station.

No. 31. (Desh. Lee. Elem.

1841.
460, 461.
-

144.

f.

1847.

Sandy mud on dead fathoms; Cuming! Broderip.

Habitat.

shells at a

depth of 7 to 14

Bay

of Caraccas
:

Cuming
;

Broderip

also Rev.

Zool.

also Miiller.

Seas of South America

Deshayes.

Bay of Caraccas Jay. Panama C. B. A.

; !

10 specimens were collected.

340.

Calyptraea (Syphopatella) regularity

:

Nov.

sp.

Shell with a circular margin, regularly conic moderately thickened: snow white, tinged with brown about the apex:

with very fine lightly impressed

:

striae
:

of growth, somewhat

lamina folded so as to shining apex subacute, subcentral form a tube about one-third of its own width, produced to the

margin so as to make one complete revolution Diameter 1.27 inch height .55 inch.
;

margin

acute.

Station.

Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Habitat.

Lt.

Green

Mus. Essex

Inst.

also

Gould MSS.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

CREPIDULA.
341.

Panama

Shells.

225

Calyptraea umbrella.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea umbrella Desb. in Encyc. Metli. Vers.

II.

173.

rudis

(1st ser. pag.) Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

1830.

Lond.

p. 35.

May

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Loud.

pi.
-

I.

196.

27.

f.

1.

1835.

umbrella

Lara. An. sans Vert. VII. 635. No. 30.

Desh. ed.

1838.
Vert. III. Pt.
tert.)
1.

Lam. An. sans

rudis

p.

234.

No. 30. (Desh. ed. Rev. Zool. Cuv. Soc.

152.

1841.

July 1838.
Moll.
11.
f.

(Crucibuhim) rudis

Woodward Manual
p.
pi.

12.

1851.

/Station.

Under

stones

Cuming

Broderip.
:

Habitat.

Panama and Real

Rev. Zool.

Llejos

Curaiug

Broderip

also

Seas of Central America

Deshayes.

West America
Guayaquil
;

Woodward.
!

Jay.

Panama
Only
1 specimen
342.

C. B.

A.

was found.

Calyptrsea imguis !
specimen which

We found one immature

species.

may belong
Nov.
sp.

to this

343.

Crepiclula cerithicola.
:

Shell ovate, convex

posteriorly whitish, sometimes with a

;

broad ray of dark brownish red on each side of the umbo anteriorly subtransparent, pale brownish red, with narrow dark
rays of the same color sometimes all the rays are confluent, and more rarely the entire shell is of a dark brownish red;
;

with the septum white

marginal, a
little

smooth
:

apex

acute,

terminal

and

dextrorsal

septum slightly angulated along

226

Panama

Shells.

the middle, with a small sinus at the

left,

a broad one at the

middle of the edge, and none at the right side. Length .23 inch breadth .14 inch convexity .07 inch.
: ;

Station.

On

Cerithium irroratum,
;

q. v.

Habitat.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

This species was not observed until after the shells arrived here. When cleaning a quantity of C. irroratum, 45 specimens were obtained.
344.

Crepidula echinus.
Synonymy.

Cabjptrcea (Crepipatdla) echinus Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 39.

May
pi.

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
Miill.

I.

203.

27.

f.

1.

1835.

Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 148.

May

1836.
1838.

Crepidula

Lam. An. sans Vert. VII.

650. No. 23. (Desh. ed.)

Lam. An. sans

Pt.
1.

Vert. III.

p.

239, No. 23.

(Desh. ed. tert.)

Station.

1841.

Under
Lobos

stones at low water.

I.
;

Habitat.

Cuming
:

Broderip- also Miiller.

Peru

Deshayes
;

also Jay.
!

Panama

0. B.

18 specimens were obtained.

345.

Crepiclula excavata.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea (Crepidula) excavata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Lond. p. 40.

Soc.

May
f.

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

I.

205.

pi.

29.

7.

1835.

CREPIDULA.

Panama

Shells.

227
Test.

Calyptrcea (Crepidula) excavata Miill. Synop. Nov. Viv. p. 150.

May

1836.

Crepidula

Lam. An. sans

Lam. An.
p.

Vert. VII.

649. No. 19. (Desh. ed.) sans. Vert. III. Pt.

1838.
1.

239. No. 19. (Desh. ed.

tert.)

1841.

Station

Unknown.
Eeal Llejos; Cuming! Broderip.
Chili
;

Habitat.

Deshayes.
;

Panama
1 specimen

C. B.

A.

was obtained.
testimony, the habitat mentioned as doubtful.

In the absence of

by

Deshayes must be considered

346.

Crepidula hepatica
Synonymy.

Crepidula hepatica Desh. Encyc. Meth. Vers.

II.

26. (2d ser. pag.)

1830.

Lam. An. sans

(Desh. ed.)

Vert. VII. 646. No. 12.

1838.
1.

Lam. An.

sans Vert. III. Pt.

ed. tert.)

p. 238.

No. 12. (Desh.

1841.
-

Menke

in Zeitsch. Mai. p. 184.

Dec. 1847.

Our specimens have an epidermis, which is more or less lamellar or pilose. Deshayes describes the shell as having a smooth exterior surface, but Menke says " confertim distinct^ Our shells exhibit a variation in the character of the porcata."
surface,
is

which reconciles

this

apparent discrepancy.

A variety
;

very convex.
Station.

Adhering

to Strombus Peruvianus, q. v.

also

to

Purpura Another specimen is on a Conus gladiator, and is very convex probably in consequence of the very convex surface to
;

tecta, q. v.

which

it

adheres.

Some specimens
;

but laterally very convex

they grew.

are longitudinally recurved conforming to the surface on which

228
Habitat

Panama

Shells.

CALYPTR^EID,E.

Unknown
Mazatlan
;

Deshayes. Melchers Menke.

!

Mazatlan

E. Jewett

Gould MSS.
C. B.

Taboga and Panama 28 specimens were collected.

According

A.

to Dr. Krauss, C. hepatica occurs at the

Cape of
shells

Good Hope. by Dr. K., of

in

We have several specimens, collected at the Cape

his

convex

variety,

which

differs

from our

having the septum very deeply placed,

and the beak very

prominent. The depressed variety figured by Dr. K. may more nearly resemble the Pacific shell, but we have no specimens for comparison. Probably, however, the Cape shells belong to a
distinct species
:

but as the habitat of the original type was not

is

known, and as the original description we must leave this question undecided.
347.

applicable to both,

Crepidula incurva.
Synonymy.

Calyptrcea (Crepidula) incurva Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 40.

May

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
-

pi.

29.

f.

6.

1835.
1836.

Mull.

Synop. Nov. Test.

Viv. p. 150.

May

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 468.

Station.

1843.
at a

On dead

ranging from 6 to

dredged from sandy mud, 10 fathoms Cuming Broderip.

shells
! ;

depth

Our specimens were found adhering to living shells at and near low water mark. Its favorite station was on the shell
which we have mentioned as Trochus sp. indet. b, almost every one of which supported one or more of this Crepidula. Turbo
saxosus

was next

in the

frequency with which

it

furnished

specimens.
C. varia,

The

species

was found

also
tecta,

on Columbella rugosa,
P. undulata, Trochus

Bmcinum

ringens,

Purpura

CREPIDULA.

Panama

Shells.

229

JBuschii, T. reticulatus, &c.

Frequently also they are attached

one to another.
Habitat.
St.

Elena, and Xipixapi

Cuming

Broderip.

St.

Elena; Jay. Payta Fontaine

;

Orbigny.
!

Panama;

C. B.

A.

120 specimens were collected. 2 specimens in the Mus. Amh. were sent by a German conchologist, as having come from Peru.
348.

Crepidiila Lessonii.
Synonymy.
Lessonii Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Calyptrcea (Crepidula)

Lond.
Lond.
-

p. 39.

May
29.
f.

1834.

Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc.

I.

204.

pi.

5.

1835.

Mull.

Synop. Nov. Test.

Orepidula

Lam. An.

Viv. p. 149. sans Vert. VII.

May

1836.

649. No. 20. (Desh. ed.)

1 1.

838.

Lam. An. sans

p.

Vert. III.Pt.

239. No. 20. Desh. ed.

tert.

1841.

remarkable for the very broad far projecting Most of our specimens are lamina?, which occupy the surface.
This species
is

of the nearly or wholly destitute

Station.

brown
;

longitudinal lines.

Under

stones at low water

in the

Cuming

Broderip.

Our specimens were found

Habitat.
1. I.

same

situation.

of Muerte of Muerte
;

Cuming
; !

Broderip
:

also Miiller.

Panama

C. B.

Deshayes A.

also Jay.

80 specimens were collected on the

349.

reef.

Crepidula squama.
Synonymy.^.

Calyptrcea (Crepidula)

squama Brod.

in Proc. Zool.

Soc. Lond.

p. 40.

May 1834.

230
Calyptraza (Crepidula)

Panama

Shells.
in Trans. Zool. Soc.

squama Brod.
I.

Lond.
1835.
p.

205.

pi.

29.

f.

10.

Mull.

Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

151.

-May
648.
16. (Desh. ed.)

1836.

Crepidula

Lara. An. sans Vert. VII.

No.

1838.
1. p.

Lam. An. sans

Vert. III. Pt.

239. No. 16. (Desh. ed.

:

tert.)

1841.

is

The specimens vary much in color the normal arrangement with dark reddish brown rays on a whitish ground in some
;

shells the rays are

few and

faint
is

in others they are

crowded or

even confluent.

The

surface

incurved or excurved according

to the figure of the spot

Station.

on which they grow.

shells near

Under stones and in dead

low water mark.

Habitat.

Panama Panama Panama

Cuming
C. B.

Broderip
:

also Muller.

Deshayes A.
!

also Jay.

35 specimens were collected.

350.

Crepidula imguiformis.
Synonymy.
Gualt. Test.
pi.

69.

f.

11.

1742.

Patella

crepidula

Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1257. No. 752.(Ed. 12.) 1767. Gmel. in Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3695. No. 17. 1788.
Turt. Linn. Syst. Nat. IV. 554. Broc. Foss. Subapp. II. 253.

1806. 1814.
4.

Crepidula
-

unguiformis Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. Pt. 2. p. 25. No. Italka Defr. Diet, des Sc. Nat. XL 397.

181 8.
1818.

plana
Italica

Say Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. (Old Ser.) II. 226. July 1821. Diet. Classique d'Hist. Nat. V. 54. April 1824.
Sowb. Gen.
ser.
pi.
f.

unguiformis
calceolina

6.
II.

1824.
26.

Desh. Encyc. Meth. Vers.

No.

6.

(2nd

pag.)
pi.

1830.
44.
p. 39.

plana

Say Amer. Conch,

1830.

unguiformis Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

May

1834.

CREPIDULA.

Panama

Shells.

231
Lond.
I.

Crepidula unguiformis Brod.

f.

in Trans. Zool. Soc.

pi.

29.

4.

1835.

Mull. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 151. May 1836. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 643. No. 4.

(Desh. ed.)

1838.
1840.
p.

Pot. etMicli. Gal. Moll. Mus. Douai.I. 514. 1838.

plana

Gould Invert. Mass. p. 159. f. An. sans Vert. III. Pt. Lam. unguiformis
(Desh. ed.
tert.)

16.
1.

236.
1841.

dilatata

plana

1842. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 143. f. 6. No. 4. Orb.Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 467. 1 843. Dekay Zool. of N. Y. Moll. p. 158. pi. 7.
f.

153.

a. b.

1843.

This shell
of species.

is

We

well calculated to confound the popular notion have now before us many perfect specimens

from
all

from Massachusetts, from Jamaica, and from Panama, of which, with the exception of the Mediterranean shells,
Sicily,

we

collected in person.

They

present

many

modifications of

form dependent on progress of growth, and the positions which they occupy in dead shells. But we have in vain attempted to
discover any characteristics of locality. The only approach to a local character is to be found in a few of the Panama shells, which

have longitudinal rays of reddish brown, while all the other specimens are of a uniform white. So far at least as the shells
are concerned,
it

comprised in one species

seems necessary to admit that they all may be or to maintain that individuals, which
;

cannot be distinguished from each other, belong to different species, because it is probable that they descended from distinct But if we admit that each species in the animal original stocks.

kingdom was introduced by the

:

creation of many original stocks,

then the fact before us becomes intelligible and very uncommon that the original individuals of a in only one particular, viz
single species were created
in

very distant zoological provinces.

On

identical

the opinion that the North with the Mediterranean

as follows
:

American
C.

C.

plana Say

is

unguiformis Larn.,

Dr.

Gould remarks

"In

this opinion I

have the concurrence of Mr. Sowerby.

232

Panama

Shells.

Deshayes observes that he can hardly think that the

figured as Calyptrcea unguiformis
Soc.'
I.

shell

by

Broderip in

'

Trans. Zool.

He says the shell a notch at one profound by of and a the feebler one at the other that extremity partition, the shell described by Mr. Say as Crepidula plana wants this
pi.

29,

f.

4, is

the shell of Linnaeus.

of Linnaeus

is

distinguished

notch,

and

is

the shell figured

by Broderip.
I

Now
is

it

so happens

that the only specimen

which

am

certain

entire,

has this

notch precise^ as described, and the tooth-like process which separates the large notch from the rest of the margin is such as

would be likely
fact leads

to

be broken in almost every instance.

This

me

to

suppose that all three of the shells in question

species,

arc of the

same

and should be

called C. unguiformis"

Station.

Dans 1'interieur des coquilles univalves abandonne'es

Espece qui a 1'habitude de se mettre a 1'abri dans les coquilles abandonnees Deshayes. Inside of dead shells of Ranella vexillum, R. ccclata, &c. * * * Dredged from sandy mud at a depth ranging from 4 to 10 fathoms Cuming Broderip. In
Defrance.
; ! ;

the aperture of other shells or not the shells are occupied

;

Gould

In dead

shells,

whether

by Paguridse. the shell from Sicily in the aperture of a Murex trunculus. In Massachusetts we have found it in the aperture of Natica duplicata, of Pyrula canaliculata, P. carica ; on the inside of Pecten
concentricus,

We

have received

and of the crustacean Limulus polyphemus, &c. In Jamaica, we found it in Murex brevifrons, M. funiculatus (f),
Fasciolaria
tulipa,

Pyrula
it

melongena,

Turbo

crenulatus,

&c.

In

Panama we found

in

Murex

radix,

Fasciolaria granosa,

Turbo saxosus, Natica sp. indet., &c. It occurs more frequently near half tide level, but is not very narrowly limited in its vertical range.

this shell as the effect of its position

Dr. Gould and D'Orbigny both consider the peculiarities of and Orbigny ascribes the
;

flattened

form to the pressure of the organs of hermit crabs, one of which usually occupies the same habitation. If however,
;

CREPIDULA.

Panama

Shells.

233
always

these writers are correct,

we ought

to find the characters

graduating into those of other species, according to the position

of the shell.
Habitat.

Ilva

Gualteri.
;

Seas of Barbary

Linnasus

also

Gmelin

also

Lamarck.
In nearly all the Mediterranean Deshayes. Mediterranean Jay.
;
;

Bays of Tunis and Algiers Sicily; C. B. A.

McAndrew

Mediterranean and Seas of Senegal; Potiez and Michaud.

Maine; Mighels! Massachusetts Gould

;

also C. B.

A.

New York harbor New Jersey Say.

;

C.

M. Wheatley

Maryland, Carolina, Georgia, and East Florida;

Say! Jamaica
I.

C. B.

A.

of Chiloe and
also Miiller.

Panama
!

Cuming

Broderip

Panama
In the United
:

of the species this had individual of this species in Casco Bay [Maine] located itself within the mouth of a dead Buccinum undatum."
;

A. Maine States, appears to be the northern limit " I have never found but one Dr. Mighels says,
;

C. B.

In Massachusetts, we have only found one specimen north of Cape Cod this was on Chelsea Beach. But south of Cape
;

Cod

Bay

In Jamaica, it is common in the the species is common. Panama we collected 35 specimens. At Port of Royal.
is

This species
1.

thus found to inhabit the following distinct

:

marine zoological provinces

The Mediterranean.
East side of North America, north of Cape Cod. " " " " middle regions.
JULY,
1852.

2.
3.

16

ANN. LTC. NAT. HIST.

234
4. 5.
6.

Panama
The Caribbean waters. West side of America,

Shells.

tropical shores.

southern temperate region.

It is also "

common

in a fossil state.

Fossile en Italic, en Sicilie, en Moree, a

les faluns

Bordeaux

et &

Dax,

dans

Deshayes. "Fossile nel Piacentine e nel Sanese ;" Brocchi.

de la Touraine

:"

351.

Crepidula
:

siivea.
:

Nov.

sp.

Shell ovate-elliptic

rather thick

within snow white

with-

out dingy white, sometimes with a faint tinge of brown very or more less with irregularly concentrically wrinkled, very dis:

tinct striae of

growth

apex turned more or

:

less to the right,

moderately prominent, marginal septum longitudinally subangular, with a deep sinus at the left and a shallow one at the
right margin thick, exhibiting striae of growth. It closely resembles C. unguiformis, but constantly differs in characters
:

and

station.

Length
Station.

1.4 inch

breadth 1 inch

height .4 inch.

Under

stones, near

low water mark.

!

Habitat. Panama C. B. A. 45 specimens were collected on the

;

reef.

352.

Crepidtila osculans.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elliptical : pale horn color, subtransparent surface minutely decussated with numerous very small radiating and
:

: apex subterminal, very prominent, not with the nuclear marginal, portion smooth, shining, transparent and slightly directed to the right septum but little above the
:

concentric ridges

margin,

extremely narrow or
:

posterior part of the shell

extending around the In some respects, margin very

linear,

thin.

this species is allied to Pileopsis.

Length .14 inch

breadth

.1

inch

height .045 inch.

FISSURELLA.
Station.

Panama
.

Shells.

235

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

Only

1 specimen of this extraordinary species

was obtained.

353.

Crepidula rostrata.
:

Nov.
livid

sp.

Shell very convex, irregularly elliptic

brown, somecorru-

times with pale ill-defined spots

irregularly
:

somewhat

gated both radiately and concentrically apex very acute and prominent, rostriform, very distant from but extending beyond
the posterior margin, slightly directed to the right septum far within the margin, planulate, usually very oblique to the plane
:

of the aperture

margin
;

thin, irregular.
.3

Length
Station.

.48 inch

breadth

inch

height .29 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

5 specimens were obtained in different stages of growth.

Family
354.

FISSUKELLID^E.

Fissurella aequalis.
Synonymy.

Fissurella cequalis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 127. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 158.
-

Nov. 1834.

May

1836.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 49. pi. 76. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 8. f. 55.
shells in

f.

56.

1841.
Dec. 1849.

Station.

On dead

from 6 to 10 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby

also Eeeve.

Habitat.

St.

Panama

Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Keeve. C. B. A.

!

5 specimens were obtained.

236
355.

Panama

Shells.

FISSUKELLIDJ3.
Nov.
sp.

Fissurella alta.
:

Shell subconic, high dingy white, often more or less covered with broad ashy black rays, which may be seen through the shell with prominent radiating ribs, of which the alternate
:

ones are excessively developed, and intermediate small raised lines with many concentric ridges, which are less prominent
;

than the larger radiating

ribs,

and more so than the others:

summit nearer
extremity
:

to

and somewhat inclined towards the anterior

ovate-elliptic
:

fissure small,

margin pectinated by

the radiating ribs. The following are the dimensions of a very large and high shell and of another of average size
:

Height
a

.42 inch " _22

length .55 inch " " .42

breadth .41 inch. " " .29

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

26 specimens were obtained.

356.

Fissurella macrotrema.
Synonymy.

Fissurella macrotrema Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc.Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 155. May 1836.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 33. pi. 74. Chenu. 111. Conch, pi. 1. f. 14.

f.

41.

1841.

1843.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 5.

f.

31.

Aug. 1849.
!

Under

stones on the shore

Is.

Cuming Sowerby.
;

Habitat.

Gallapago
Miiller.

and Eeal Llejos

;

var's at
!

Lobos
:

I.

and Lambeyeque, Peru

Gallapago
Is.
! ;

Cuming Sowerby

also

Cuming Keeve.
A.
!

Taboga;

C. B.

We

collected 5 specimens,

which are somewhat narrower

in Keeve.

than the figures in

Sowerby and

FISSURELLA.
35?.

Panama

Shells.

237

Fissurella microtrema.
Synonymy.

Fissurella microtrema Sowb. inProc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.p. 156. May 183C.

Chenu

111.

Conch,

pi. 1.

f.

11.

1843. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 473. Dec, 1849. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 44.

The

shells before us

seem

to be intermediate

between

this

as these species are figured by species and F. rugosa Sowb., are indebted to Mr. Cuming for We Eeeve. and by Sowerby

specimens which enable us to determine the species.

Station.

Under

stones at low water

Cuming Eeeve.
!

Habitat.

Keal Llejos Cuming! Sowerby: also Eeeve. West Columbia Cuming in sched.
;
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

We obtained

10 specimens in various stages of growth.

358.

Fissurella inns.
Synonymy.

Fissurella

mus Reeve Conch.

Icon. pi. 16.

f.

120.

Aug. 1850.

of our specimens differ from the type in having the fissure shorter and the region around it more elevated.

Yar.

Two

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Eeeve.

C. B.

A.

8 specimens were collected.

359.

Fissurella nigropunctata.
Synonymy.

Fissurella nigropunctata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 1 25. Nov. 1 834. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 155. May 1836.

238

Panama

Shells.

FISSURELLIU^E.
pi. 75.
f.

Fissurella nigropunctata Sowb. Conch.

111.

No. 32.
pi. 4.

f.

51.

1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

8.

Aug. 1849.
I

Under

stones on the shore

Cuming

Sowerby

also Keeve.

Our specimens were found on rocks at and below half tide level. Some of them have their outlines singularly modified by the surface of the rugged rocks on which they were living.
Habitat.

Gallapago
also

Is.,
:

and Lobos
also Muller.

I.

Cuming

Sowerby

Eeeve
Is.

Gallapago

Jay.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We collected 95
in the Conch. Icon.

specimens.
Illust.,

the figure in the Conch.

Most of them are elongated like and are narrower than the figure

360.

Fissurella ostrina.
Synonymy.
pi. 14.

Fissurella ostrina Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

f.

106.

Aug. 1850.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown
Panama
;

Reeve.

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found near

361.

Panama.

Fissurella virescens.
Synonymy.

Fissurella virescens Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 125. Nov. 1834. Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 154. May 1836.

Sowb. Conch. Illust. No. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 4.

Station.

31. pi. 73.

f.

f.

37.

1841.

12.

Aug. 1849.
! ;

Sowerby. ing Eeeve.

!

exposed situations at low water Cuming In exposed situations on rocks at low water Cum;

In

Our specimens were found on

rocks,

between half

ledge of rather smooth tide and low water mark, in a place

a

somewhat exposed

to the sea.

SIPHONARIA.
Habitat

Panama
;

Shells.

239
:

Panama

Cuming
;

Mazatlan
Mazatlan

Sowerby Melchers Menke.

! !

also

Eeeve
Inst.

Miiller.

Lt.

Green

Mus. Essex

Panama Panama

Jay.
C. B.

A.

We collected
miles east of
362.

142 specimens on a ledge of rocks nearly three

Panama.

Siphonaria characteristica.
Synonymy.

Siphonaria character is tica Reeve in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 49. Mar. 1 842. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 138. f. 3. 1842.
Station.

On

rocks above and below half tide level.

of of

Habitat.

Bay Bay

Panama Panama
;

Cuming
Jay.
!

Keeve.

Taboga 70 specimens were

363.

C. B.

A.

collected.

Siphonaria costata.
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Siphonaria costata
Station.

Sowb.

Lond.

p. 6.

Jan. 1835.

On

rocks in exposed situations at low water

Cum-

ing! Sowerby.
Habitat.

Guacomayo Cuming Guacomayo Jay. Panama C. B. A.

; ;

Sowerby.

Only

1 specimen

was found.

364.

Siphonaria gigas.
Synonymy.
No. 808.
6.

Si}}honaria gigas Sowb. Tank. Catal. App. p. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 138.
-

6.
f.

1825.
1842.

Val. Voy. Venus. Moll.

pi.

12, 13.

1846.

240
Station.

Panama

Shells.

FISSUEELLID^E.

On

rocks above and below half tide level.

Habitat.

Panama
Peru
;

Sowerby.
Is.

Voyage of the Venus.

;

Gallapago

Jay.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

220 specimens were collected. Nearly one half of the specimens, which we have included in this species, are intermediate between this and S. characteristica.

There
is

is

so

little

constancy in the two forms, that the distinction

perplexity.

a source of

much
365.

Siphonaria maura.
Synonymy.

Siphonaria maura Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. Reeve Elem. Conch, pi. 24. f. 144 ?
Station.
! ;

7.

Jan. 1835.

1848

On rocks Cuming Sowerby. Our specimens were on found ledges of rocks, mostly above half tide level.
Habitat.

Panama; Cuming! Sowerby. Panama C. B. A.

; !

200 specimens were

366.

collected.

Siphonaria pica?
Synonymy.

Siphonaria pica
Station.

(?)

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 6.

Jan. 1835.

On

rocks in exposed situations

;

Cuming Sowerby.
!

Habitat.

Acapulco

Cuming
Jay. C. B. A.
!

Sowerby.

Panama Panama

3 specimens were found. Is not Mr. Sowerby in error

as

when he

represents Mr.
?

Cuming

having made collections

at

Acapulco

PATELLA.
367.

Panama

Shells.

241

Lottia patina?
Synonymy.

Acmcea patina

(?)

Rathke

in Esch. Zool. Atlas. Heft.

f.

V.
1833.

24. p. 19. pi.

/Station.

7, 8.

On and under
Mazatlan
;

stones at the

low water mark of neap

Inst.

tides.

Habitat.

Lt.

Green

Mus. Essex

Panama

C. B.

A.

34 specimens were collected on the reef. Var. a has only linear pale rays on a dark olivaceous ground, and the margin is of a uniform blackish brown the radiating
:

strice

are coarser than in the type.

368.

Lottia

Sp. indet.

a.

A small suborbicular conical thin shell.

/Station.

Under

stones near half tide level.

C.

Habitat.

Panama

A.

45 specimens were
369.

collected.

Lottia

Sp. indet.

b.

20 specimens were taken with the preceding.

370.

Lottia
of this

Sp. indet.

c.

11 specimens

minute

species

were

collected

at

Panama.
Family
371.
Station.

PATELLID^E.
-

Patella

(?)

-.

Sp. indet.

a.

On

rocks not far from half tide level.

C. B.

Habitat.

Panama;

A.

16 specimens were collected.

242
372.

Panama

Shells.

PATELLID^E.

Chiton clathratus.
Synonymy.

Chiton clathratus Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 18.

f.

113.

Apr. 1847.

Under

stones near low water mark.

Habitat.

Unknown Eeeve. Panama C. B. A.

;
;

12 specimens were found.

373.

Chiton

clispar.

Synonymy.
Chiton dispar Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 58. Miill. Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 168.
-

Mar. 1832.
1836.
1838. 1841.

Lam. An. sans

Lam. An. sans
(Desh. ed.

Vert. VII. 511. No. 50. (Desh. ed.) Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 47. pi. 41. f. 25. Vert. III. Pt.
1.

p. 188.

No. 50.
-

tert.)
f.

Pteeve Conch. Icon. pi. 18.

96.

Apr. 1841. Apr. 1847.

Station.

Under

stones:

Cuming! Sowerby:

also Reeve.

Our specimens were found under mark of neap tides.

Habitat.

stones near the low water

"I. of Saboga;" Cuming! Sowerby. Gulf of Panama Deshayes.

;

Panama;" Cuming! Reeve. and Panama, Taboga C. B. A. This species is common. We collected about 100
"I. of Saboga,
!

speci-

mens,

many

of which have been destroyed by

374.

rats.

Chiton luridus
Synonymy.

Chiton luridiis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

-

p. 26.

Feb. 1832.

Syn. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 103. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 495. No.
Miill.

1836.
13. (Desh. ed.) 1838,

CHITON.

Panama

Shells.
III. Pt. 1. p.

248
182. No. 13.

Chiton luridus Lam. An. sans Vert.

(Desh. ed.
tert.)
111.

1839.
40. pars. pi.
f. f.

Sowb. Conch.

No. 99.
pi.

20.

1841.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

15.

85.

Mar. 1847.

Our specimens differ from C. luridus, as described by Sowerby and by Eeeve, in having the granules of the terminal valves
and of the
lateral areas rather sparsely scattered,

instead of

being crowded.
Station.

Attached to stones
:

at a

depth of 5 fathoms

Cum-

ing

Sowerby also Reeve. Our specimens were found under

!

stones at low water mark.

Habitat.

St.

St.

Elena; Curning! Sowerby: also Reeve. Elena Jay.

; ;

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found.

375.

Chiton pulchellus.
Synonymy.

Chiton pulchellus Gray Spicil. Zool. - Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 489.
,

1828. 1843. 1847.

Reeve Conch.

Icon. pi. 23.

f.

153.

May

Station.

80 or 40 fathoms depth
tides.

Orbigny.
in sand near the

Under

stones,

which were lying half buried

low water mark of the neap

Habitat.

Arica, in Peru

"W. V.

Hennah
C. B.

Reeve.

Islay; Orbigny.

Panama and Taboga

80 specimens were collected.
376.

A.

Chiton Stokesii.
Synonymy.

Chiton Stokesii Brod. in Troc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 25.

Feb. 1832.

Panama

Shells.

Chiton Stokesii Mull. Syn. Nov. Test, Viv. p. 162. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 510 No. 49. (Desh.
-

1836.
ed.)

1838.

Lam. An. sans

(Desh. ed.

Vert. III. Pt.

1.

p. 188.

No. 49.
-

tert.)
111.

1841.
1841. 1843.

Sowb. Conch.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Reeve Conch. Icon.

Station.

pi. 41. f. 24. Merid. Moll. p. 486. pi.

1.
f.

No. 20.

4.

Mar. 184'7.
!

On stones at low water Cuming

; ! ;

Broderip.

Under

stones at low water

Cuming Our specimens were found under

tides.

Reeve.
stones near the low water of

neap

Habitat.

Port

St. Elena, and Panama Cuming Seas of South America Deshaves.

; ; /

Broderip.

Columbia

Sowerby
;
!

also Jay.
!

Arica and Islay Orbigny St. Elena Cuming Reeve.

;

Taboga and Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected
destroyed by

about 40 specimens,

many

of which have been

rats.

The

species

is

very common.

Family
377.

OSTILEIDJE.

Anomia lampe.
Synonymy.
Lond.
p.

Anomia lampe Gray

Gray
Station.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

in Catal.

117.
p. 19.

Nov. 1849.
1850.
!

Anom.

Brit.

Mus.

In 60 fathoms water

Major Rich

Gould MSS.

It also occurs at

low water mark.

;

Habitat.

California

Gray.
!

La Paz and Monterey, Calif. Major Rich Gould MSS. Panama C. B. A. Only 1 specimen was obtained. The specimen obtained from 60 fathoms water by Major Rich was taken at Monterey. One from La Paz in Mus. Gould is of enormous size.
; !
;

OSTREA.
378.

Panama

Shells.

245
Nov.
sp.

Aiiomia tennis.
:

Shell orbicular

flat,

extremely thin

white, subtransparent,
:

pearly

externally

somewhat uneven
:

upper

scar

large,

rounded, with the lower side arcuated two lower scars small, circular, equal: anterior one nearly entering the arcuation of
the upper scar
;

posterior one near the other, with the upper

margin Diameter about

Station.

as high as the centre of the other.

.85 inch.

Near low water mark.

Habitat

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

379.

Anoilftia

Sp. indet.

a.

A. very small yellow shell with the convex valve excessively convex, and the margin lobate. Although only 1 valve was

found,

it is

obvious that

it

belongs to a very distinct species.

Sp. indet,
a.

380.

Ostrea
;

Rather large and ovate with the upper valve radiately corrugated, with many notches on both sides of the hinge lower valve attached to a ledge of rock by the whole of its surface
:

on

this

account

it is

rarely possible to detach a specimen entire.

It occurs

more commonly near half tide level. It is rather common, but not abundant on the reef at Panama. "We collected
It is

only 6 specimens.

an edible species of excellent

flavor.

During the recess of the tide the natives open the shells on the rocks, without detaching the lower valves, and collect the soft
parts in a calabash.
381.

Ostrea

-.

Sp. indet.

b.

Rather large and solid, with both valves strongly notched on both sides of the hinge surface without sculpture other than
:

246
the incremental
stride
:

Panama

Shells.

OSTR^EIDJS.

nacre extremely brilliant, with delicate

changeable colors. Attached to ledges of rock by the greater part of the lower It occurs near half tide level. valve.
It is

not

common

we

collected only 3 specimens

on the reef

at

Panama.
382.

Ostrea

Sp. indet.

c.

Synonymy.
?

0. Columbiensis Hanley, P. Z. S. Lond. p. 107.

Oct. 1845.

Bather small, more or

plicated.

less

pentangular, and short but not

Attached
level
:

to stones, rocks,
is

and other

shells,

near half tide

the lower valve

its surface,

and then abruptly

attached by rather more than half of rises from the attached part so as
to

to

form a deep cavity.

0. Columbiensis Hani,

was found by Mr. Cuming attached

Elena.

rocks at half tide at

rare,

St.

At Panama our
specimens.
.

shell

is

not

although

we took only 15

383.

Ostrea

Sp. indct.

d.

Like

0. l>orealis.

Usually occurs in clusters. was brought from some place near Panama which we did not visit. We obtained 35 specimens. The flavor is superior to that of 0. virginica or 0. lorealis. They were sold in PaIt

nama

at a

dime each.
384.

Otrea -

-.

Sp. indet.

e.

small plicated species. The animal has a bitter flavor. Attached to rocks and stones from three quarters to one quarsmall var. grows on Nerita scabn'costa. ter tide level.

This species covers

profusion.

many

parts of the reef at

Panama

in great

We

collected 330 specimens.

PECTEN.

Panama
Family
385.

Shells.

247

PECTENID^E.
JLamiarckiil

Spoiidylu

Synonymy.
Spondylus LamarcJcii
(?)

Chenu

111.

Conch,
20.

p. 6. pi. 9.

f.

4.

(?)

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

p.

425. No. 21.

85.

f.

1847.

Our specimens being

unable
to

old, with, the sculpture eroded,

is,

we
it

are

determine confidently what the species

being

unfortunately the custom in this genus and in Chama to describe and figure little more than those exterior characters which are

very rarely found in perfection.

characters of this species
is

One

of the most permanent

the broad deep red purple finely

interior.

wrinkled limb of the otherwise white

Station.

Unknown
La,

Habitat.

Paz
of

Lt.

Green
;

Gould MSS.
!

a large pile of odd valves of this species, which the natives had taken in the bay.
386.

Bay At Taboga we found

Panama

C. B. A.

SpondylllS

-.

Sp. indet.

a.

Brown, with a narrow white margin. specimen was found. Hab. Panama.
387.

Only one very young

Pecteii Inca.
Synonymy.

Peclen lumidus

Sowb. (non Turt. nee Zciten) in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. ^09. ventricosus Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 51. No. 19. pi.
12.
f.

July 1835.

18, 19, 26.

1842. 1846.

Inca
Station.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 663.

In sandy

mud

at

from 6 to 10 fathoms.

248
Habitat,
St.
St.

Panama

Shells.

Elena and Salango

Elena; Sowerby.

Cuming

Orbigny.

Calapan, Philippines;

Cuming! Sowerby; "young

specimens."

West Columbia Jay. Taboga and Panama C. B. A. Great numbers of odd valves, much worn, were seen at Taboga but we did not learn the station of the species, and collected
;
!

only 8 odd valves. Probably the young shells from the Philippines are the young of some allied but distinct species.
388.

Pecten Ttimbczensis.
Synonymy.

Pecten aspersus

Sowb. (non Lam.) in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 110. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 51. No. 16. pi.
19.
f.

July 1835.
1842.

198-9.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 271. Tumbezensis Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 663.
Station.

1845

1846.
:

Soft

mud

at

the depth of 5

fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.

Tumbez,
bigny.

in

Peru

Cuming

Sowerby

also Or-

Peru

Hanley. Mazatlan; Melchers! Menke.

;

Panama
Only
2

C. B.

A.

odd valves were found.

389.

Lima

angulata.

Synonymy.

Lima anyulata Sowb.

f.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 23.
pi. 22.

Feb. 1843.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

39, 40.
-

p. 86.

No. 12.

1843.
1846.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 653.

AVICULA.
Station.

Panama
Sandy mud, 12
to

Shells.

249
;

20 fathoms
of Caraccas
;

Cmning

Sowerby.

Habitat.

Panama and Bay

also Orbigny.

Cuming

Sowerby

Panama

C. B.

A.

We found

1 entire shell

and 3 odd valves.

390.

Lima

Pacifica.

Synonymy.
Lima, arcuata So\vb. (non Geinitz 1840) Thes. Conch, No. 15. pi. 22. f. 41-2.
-

p. 86.

1843.

Pacifica,

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 268. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

1845
p.

654.

1846.

Station.
tides.

Under

stones at the low water

mark

of the spring

Habitat.

Guayaquil and Panama

Cuming

Orbigny.

Panama Panama
11

Hanley.
C. B.

A.

At Lord Hood's I., under

;

mud

Guayaquil Bay Mr. Cuming." Sowerby. 3 specimens were found alive on the
;

at

at

at Panama, in sandy under stones, &c., by Guacomayo,

;

coral rocks

reef.

Family
391.

AYICULID^E.

Avicula margaritifera I
margaritifera
It

Under the name of A.

kindred but distinct types.
general subject of

are included several

service to the

would be of great

the geographical if some one would collect authentic species, investigate the peculiarities of the local types.
Station.

distribution

of

marine

materials,

and

In the crevices of rocks near low water mark.

Habitat.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We

found only 2
1852.

JULY,

Probably living, rather young, specimens. Ann. LYC. NAT. HIST. 17

250

Panama

Shells.

some

these are identical with, the species which occurs abundantly in parts of the Bay of Panama, and from which pearls are
392.

procured.

A vie

ii

a sterna,

Synonymy.
Avicula sterna Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
Station.
p. 93.

Nov. 1851.
at the

Attached to a small species of Gorgona,

tides.

low

water mark of the spring

Habitat.

Panama Panama

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS,
reef.

A.

10 specimens were collected on the

393.
Station.

Pema
stones

Sp. indet.

a.

Under

and

in the crevices of rocks at low

water mark.
Habitat.

La Paz Panama
;

Lt.
;

Green Gould MSS.

!

C. B.

A.

130 specimens were collected on the

394.

reef.

Perna
:

Sp. indet.

b.

With

the preceding

30 specimens were

collected.

Family
395.

MYTILID^E.

Pinna maura.
Synonymy.

Pinna maura Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 84.

HanleyDescr. Catal.
Station.
;

p. 255.

June 1835. 1845?

Muddy banks Cuming Sowerby.

I

Habitat.

Panama Cuming Sowerby. Panama Hanley

; !

MODIOLA.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

251

C. B.

A.

Only

1 specimen

was found.

396.

Pinna tuberculosa.
/Synonymy.

Pinna

tuberculosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 84. Hanley Desc. Catal. p. 255.
-

June 1835.
1845
?

Station.

Muddy banks Cuming Sowerby.

!

We found it in crevices of rocks,

Habitat.
;

near low water mark.

Panama; Cuming! Sowerby. Panama Hanley. Panama C. B. A.

! ;

4 specimens were found on the

397.
Station.

reef.

MytilllS

Sp. indet.

a.

Unknown.
Panama; C. B. A.! was obtained.

Habitat.

1 specimen

398.
Station.

LithodoinilS
shells,

Sp. indet.

a.

In thick

between half

tide

and low water

mark.
Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

20 specimens were collected on the

399.

reef,

IVIodiola

semifusca?

Synonymy.
Modiola semifusca
-

(?)

(?)

Lam. An. sans Vert. No. 11. Sowb. Gen. pi. f. 6. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 22. No. 11.
.

1820.

1824.
1836.

(Desk
Mytilus Guiaensis
Kiist. (an

ed.)

Lam.

?)

Conch. Cab.

pi.

1.

f.

7.

1840.

252
Station.

Panama
Unknown.

Shells.

MYTILID.E.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

A few dead shells were found in several places near Panama,

and
fine

specimens were procured at the

fruit shanty.

35 spe-

cimens were obtained.

400.
Station.

Modiola

Sp. indet.

a.

In the crevices of rocks, between half tide and low

water mark.
Habitat.

Panama and Taboga

C. B.

A.

6 specimens were obtained.

401.
Station.

Modiola

Sp. indet

b.

In the crevices of rocks, between half tide and low

water mark.
Habitat.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

35 specimens were collected.

402.
Station.

JVIodiola

Sp. indet.

c.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

4 specimens were obtained.

403.
Station.

Modiola
.

Sp. indet.

d.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

404.
Station.

Modiola

Sp. indet.

e.

In

soft,

partly calcareous stones, not far from half

tide level.

CHAMA.
Habitat

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

253

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

Family
405.

CHAMID^E.
Nov.
sp.

Chama Buddiana.
:

Shell orbicular or sub triangular

exterior surface and inner

margins purplish red, with the spines pure white: surface uneven, with interrupted radiating strias upper valve orna;

mented with a few radiating

:

series of short thick triangular

vaulted spines lower valve attached by about two-thirds to three-quarters of its surface, the rest being like the upper valve, but with the dentiform spines smaller within both valves are
:

deeply and finely crenulated at the junction of the white surbeak submarginal. Easily distinguished face and red margin
:

from

C.

Pacifica

and

C.

Broderipii

by the small thick dentiform

triangular white spines. Diameter about 3 inches.

Station.

The

ledges of rocks, a little above low water mark. lower valve is so firmly attached as to render it difficult to

On

obtain specimens entire without the use of mineralogical tools.

Habitat.

Guaymas Panama
;

Lt.

Green

Mus. Essex

Inst.

C. B.

A.

6 specimens were obtained. Named in honor of Dr. B. W.

406.

Budd

of

New York
?

city.

Chama

corru^rata

Synonymy.

Chama

corrugata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 150. Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. I. 305.
pi.

Dec. 1834.

31.

f.

7.

1835.

Ilanley Descr. Catal. p. 229. Pieeve Conch. Icon. pi. 2. f. 9.

1845?
Dec. 1846.
C.

Possibly our shell

may be

a large specimen of

Panamen-

254:

Panama

/Shells.

sis

Eeeve.

Having only 2 odd valves with an eroded

surface,

we

are unable to determine the species with confidence.

Station.
rip.

Attached to stones
stones
;

at

low water

Cuming

Brode-

Under

Cuming
;

Eeeve.
!

Habitat.

Eeal Llejos Eeal Llejos

Cuming Broderip
;

also Eeeve.

Central America
;

Hanley.

Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We found only 2

valves.

407.

Chania cchinata.
Synonymy.

Chama

echinata Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 150. Brod. in Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 305.
f.

Dec. 1834.
pi.

39.
-

5-7.
pi.

1835.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

/Station.

7.

f.

35. junior.
!

Jan. 1847.

At low water,

attached to rocks

Cuming Broderip

also

Eeeve.

On

rocks near low water mark.

;

Habitat.

Puerto Portrero

Cuming
!

Broderip

also Eeeve.

Panama

C. B.

A.

15 specimens were obtained.

Family
408.

AECIDJE.

Nuciila Elenensis.
Synonymy.

Nucula Elcnensis Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 198.

Dec. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 191.

1836.
f.

Sowb. Conch. Reeve Conch.

111.

pi. 15. Syst. pi. 85. f. 14.

No. 19.

14.

1841.
Sept. 1841.

Hanley Descr.

Catal. p. 1G9.

1845?

With some
species,

hesitation

we have

referred our specimens to this

although

we cannot

detect the "marginibus crenulatis."

NUCULA.
Station.

Panama
Sandy mud,
at a

Shells.

255
;

depth of 6 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.
St.

Elena Cuming Sowerby West Columbia Hanley. Panama C. B. A.

!

also Miiller.

20 odd valves were found.

409.

IVucula exigua.
Synonymy.

Nucula exigua Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p.

198.

Dec. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 192.

1836.
f.

Sowb. Conch.

111.

No. 34.

pi. 16.

24.

1841.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 172. Orb. Voy. Ainer. Mend. Moll.

Station.

1845
p.

625.

1846.

Sandy mud,

in 9 fathoms

Cuming
!

Sowerby
:

Habitat.

Bay

of Caraccas

Cuming

Sowerby

also Miiller

also Orbigny.

West Columbia Hanley. Panama C. B. A.

; ! ;

1 valve only

was found.
410.

IVucula polita.
Synonymy.

Nucula

Dec. 1832. polita Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 198. Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. 507. No. 8. (Desh. ed.) 1835. Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 190. 1836.

Lam. An. sans

Sowb. Conch. Reeve Conch.

Vert.
111.

II.

660. No.

8.
f.

(Desh. ed. tert.)

11.

839.

No.

16. pi. 15.

f.

1841.
Sept. 1841.

Syst. pi. 85.

11.

Hanley
Station.

Descr. Catal. p. 169.

1845

A single specimen of this very beautiful species was

;

dredged up in sand from a depth of 7 fathoms

Sowerby.

Cuming

256
Habitat.
;

Panama
!

Shells.

Panama Cuming Sowerby also Panama Deshayes also Hanley. Panama C. B. A.

: :
;

Miiller.

10 odd valves were found.

411.

Pec ttiiioul n* assimilis.

Synonymy.

Pectunculus assimilis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

-

p. 196.

Dec. 1832.
1836.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 189. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 4. f. 15.

Mar. 1843.
1846.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 629.

In the number, width, and form of the cross bands of brown

our specimens are so variable that no two are alike, and two of them have most of the ground color of a greyish blue. In respect of coloring, therefore, the species does not appear to be
well distinguished from P. inegualis.
sculpture
Station.
!

Nor

is

the distinction in

much more
In sandy
:

constant.

mud and

gravel, in

from 8

to

12 fathoms

Gaming Sowerby also Eeeve. Our specimens were found under

between one quarter
Habitat.
tide

stones, in calcareous gravel,

and low water mark.

Puerto Portrero, Bay of Guayaquil, Central

rica
;

Ame:

Cuming

Sowerby

also

Miiller

also

Reeve:

also Orbigny.

Guayaquil; Jay. Mazatlan Lt. Green

;

Gould MSS.
reef.

Panama

C. B.

A.

20 specimens were collected on the

A common
ment
;

since the

ambiguity again appears in Mr. Sowerby's Bay of Guayaquil (and Puerto Portrero ?)

stateis

not

in Central America, is the latter

mentioned as a third

locality ?

ARCA.
412.

Panama

Shells,

257
?

Pectunciiliis maciilatus
Synonymy.

Pectunculus maculatus Brod.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

pi.

Lond.
1.
f.

p. 126.

June 1832.
Feb. 1843.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

gravel in 11

4.

/Station.

In

fine

fathoms water;

Cuming!

Broderip.
Habitat.

Puerto Portrero

Cuming Broderip
! !

also Eeeve.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

obtained only one specimen.

It is nearly

covered with
;

very large irregular spots and radiating lines of dark red it is also very convex at the timbones, and in both of these characters appears to differ

Broderip, and

as figured 413.

from the P. maculatus as described by Mr. by Mr. Eeeve.

Area alterRata.
Synonymy.
Feb. 1833.

Byssoarca alternata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 17. - Mull. Syn. Test. Viv.p. 184.

1830.

Area
-

Reeve Conch. Icon.

13. pi.

f.

88.

Apr. 1843.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 156. Orb. Voy. Amer. Mend. Moll.

1845
p.

638.

1846.
at the

Station.

.Attached to stones,
! ;

on a rocky bottom,
:

depth of 12 fathoms
Habitat.

Cuming Sowerby
! ;

also Reeve.
:

West Columbia Cuming Sowerby

Equador; Cuming! Orbigny. West Columbia Hanley.
;

also Reeve.

Mazatlan

E. Jewett
;

Gould MSS.
C. B.

Panama and Taboga

4 specimens were
414.
collected.

A.

Area aviculoides I
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Area auriculata Sowb.

Lond.

p. 20.

Feb. 1833.

258
1

Panama

Shells.
63.

ARCIDJE.
Mar. 1844.

Area aviculoidesTteeve 'Conch.

Station.

Icon. pi. 10.

f.

Muddy bottom
:

at the

depth of 10 fathoms

Cum-

ing

Sowerby

also Eeeve.

Habitat.

St.

Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Reeve.

;

Panama
1 specimen

C. B.

A.

was obtained, which

series.

is

too

young

to

be

confi-

dently determined without a

415.

Area emargiiiata.
Synonymy.

Area emarginata Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 20.

Feb. 1833.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 180. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 4. f. 26.

1836.
Jan. 1844.

- Orb.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 161. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

1845?
p.

635.

1846.

Sandy mud at the depth of 6 or 8 fathoms ing Sowerby also Reeve.

Station.
!

Cum-

Habitat.

Real

Llejos,

Atacamas, Xipixapi, Panama, and

;

Gulf of California
Reeve.

Cuming
and

Sowerby

also

Atacama,

Xipixapi,

Panama

Cumiug

Orbigny. Central America

Hanley.
!

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

416.

Area gradata.
Synonymy.

Area gradata Brod. and Sowb.

-

in Zool. Journ. IV. 365.

p. 152. f. 92.

1829.
f.

Gray in Zool. Beech. Voy. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 14.

43. pi.

1.

1839.

Apr. 1844.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 155. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

1845
p.

636.

1846.

ARCA.
Station.

Panama
Attached to stones
;

Shells.

259
!

Cuming Eeeve.
stones near low water mark.

Our specimens were found under

Habitat.

Mazatlan
St.

Broderip
!
;

also Beechey's
:

Voyage.

Elena
Elena
;

Cuming Eeeve
Jay.

also Orbigny.

St.

Mexico

Hanley. Santa Barbara E. Jewett

; ;

Gould MSS.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were found.

417.

Area grandis.
Synonymy.

Area

fjrandis Brod. et

Sowb. in Zool. Jour. IV. 365. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 4.

p.

1829.
Dec. 1843.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 1GO. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.

1845
637.

1846.

Our specimens were found

under
trees, a
little

lialf

buried in

mud and

small

algae,

above half

tide level.

Habitat.

Unknown

Broderip.
&c.,

Eeal Llejos, Bay of Guayaquil,

of S. America
;

Cuming

also

Western Coast Hinds Eeeve.

!

Guayaquil; Fontaine! Orbigny.

Panama Panama

Jay. C. B. A.

13 specimens were obtained. This species is used by the natives for food. single valve taken from a heap of the shells of edible mollusks weighs 2\ Ibs.

418.

Area mutabilis.
Synonymy.

1833. JByssoarca mutabilis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 17. Feb. Reeve Conch. Icon., pi. 13. f. 85. Apr. 1844. 1845? Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 156.

260

Panama

Shells.

ARCID^E.
p.

Area mutaUlis Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.
!

638.

1846.

Under stones Cuming Sowerby also Reeve. Our specimens were found under stones and in the crevices
:
;

of rocks, near low water mark.

Habitat.
I.

of Plata; Cuming! Sowerby: also Eeeve

also

Orbigny. "West Columbia

I.

Hanley.

of Plata

Jay.
! ;

Panama and Taboga C. B. A. 70 specimens were collected among them

;

are

some remark-

able varieties of form.

419.

Area (Bysoarca) pholadiformis.

:

Nov.

sp.

Shell extremely elongated, subcylindrical, contracted anteinferior margin a little irregular, riorly, very inequilateral

somewhat excurved, scarcely gaping for the passage of the bysposterior margin very oblique, moderately excurved anterior margin well rounded dingy white surface very finely and
sus
: : : :

closely fimbriated, with the concentric ridges larger except

above

the posterior angle of the umbo, on which the concentric ridges are lamellar with the intersections nodular and deeply marked
:

beneath with the arcuate

striae

of growth

umbones

flattened,

with a very prominent and very oblique posterior angle, from which the radiating ribs divaricate: beaks small: area of
ligament linear, nearly concealed
crenulate
;

teeth obsolete at

margins of the interior finely the middle of the series, at the

:

ends divaricate.
Reeve.

The

sculpture

is

like that of

A. divaricata

Length 1.25 inch; height

Station.

.53 inch

breadth .48 inch.

In

soft stones,

near low water mark.

Habitat.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

2 specimens of thi? extraordinary shell were obtained.

ARCA.
420.

Panama

Shells.

261

Area Reeveana.
Synonymy.

Area Helblingii Reeve (non Brug.) Conch. 90 pars. pi. 14. f. 90 ? Reeveana Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.
Station.
;

Icon.

spec.

p.

635.

Apr. 1844. 1846.

Under stones at low water Cuming Eeeve. Our specimens were found in the same situation.
!

Habitat,

St.

Elena,

Monte

Christi

Cuming Eeeve.
!

Payta; Fontaine! Orbigny. Panama C. B. A.

!

9 specimens were collected

long.

one of them
I.

is

nearly 4 inches

Mr. Keeve mentions also

Corregidor, Philippines,

where probably the true A.

421.

Helblingii

was obtained.

Area re versa.
Synonymy.

Area reversa

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 20.

Feb.

1833. 1836.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 180. hemicardium Koch, in Phil. Abbild. I. pi.
reversa

1.

f.

1.

Mar. 1843.
Dec. 1843.

Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 5. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Soft

p.

635.

1846.

Station.

mud,

at the

depth of 7 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby

also Keeve.

Habitat.

Tumbez

Cuming
:

Sowerby

also

Eeeve

also

Orbigny.

Unknown Koch.
Panama
;

C. B.

A.

4 odd valves were found.

422.

Area

similis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell ellipsoidal, very inequilateral, slightly auriculate infeanterior and posterior margins well rior margin subrectilinear
: ;

262

Panama

Shells.

ARCIDJE.

rounded: dorsal margin somewhat oblique: white: with an which is greenish brown on the young shell, and
epidermis,

brownish black on an old shell

with forty to forty-four

:

ribs,

which are larger and more sharply angled posteriorly umbones

not angulated area of the ligament narprominent, flattened, row, depressed margins of the interior pectinated by the ribs
: :

teeth small.

It

resembles A. tuberculosa Sowb.

;

Length
Station.

2.2 inches

height 1.3 inch

breadth 1.1 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

10 specimens were obtained.

423.

Area

solida.

Synonymy.
Byssoarca solida Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
.

p. 18.

Feb. 1833.

slrca

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 186. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 16. f. 106.

1836.

May

1844.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 155. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.
! ;

1845
p.

633.

1846.

also Reeve. Under stones Cuming Sowerby Our specimens were found under stones, near low water mark.
:

Habitat.

Payta

Cuming! Sowerby;

also

Reeve:

also Or-

bigny.

Peru; Hanley.

Jay Lt. Green Gould MSS. Panama and Taboga C. B. A. 60 specimens were collected.
Payta
:

424.

Area (Byssoarca) Tabogensis.

much

Nov.

sp.

Shell not

margin nearly
the byssus
;

elongated, not very inequilateral; inferior straight, a little gaping for the passage of

posterior

margin oblique,

rectilinear or

mode-

ARCA.
rately excurved
;

Panama
anterior

Shells.

263
:

margin well rounded dingy white, with blackish brown epidermis: with numerous very prominent but very narrow linear ribs, which are often alternately large and small, and of which a few at each extremity
are a
little

stouter
:

and are subnodulous

with a few indistinct

:

concentric lines

umbones prominent,

flattened

area of the

ligament very narrow, anteriorly widened abruptly: margins of the interior finely and irregularly crenulated middle teeth
:

very with the points long posteriorly.

small.

The epidermis
;

is

between pilose and lamellar,

breadth .65 inch.

Length
Station.

1.3 inch

height .85 inch

Under

stones near low water mark.

C. B.
at

Habitat.

Taboga and Panama

collected,

A.

60 specimens were

mostly

Taboga,

425.

Area tuberculosa.
Synonymy.

Area tuberculosa Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 19. - Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 179. Phil. Abbild. I. pi. 1. f. 2.

Feb. 1833.

1836.

Mar. 1843.
Jan. 1844.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 3.

f.

18.

Hanley
Station.

Descr. Catal. p. 161.

1845?

trees

Cuming

found in

mangrove Our Sowerby specimens were under a impalpable mud, mangrove thicket, near high
!

Found

at

low water
:

at the roots of the

also Reeve.

water mark.
Habitat.

Real Llejos

Cuming

Pacific Ocean, Central

Sowerby America

also Reeve.

Philippi.

South America; Hanley. Real Llejos Jay.

;

Mazatlan

Lt.

Green Mus. Essex

!

Inst.

Panama

C. B.

A.

264:

Panama

Shells.

CAEDIID.E.

procured 147 specimens, many of which, were obtained from the natives. The animal is used by them for food.
426.

We

Area
;

Sp. indet.

a.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were found.

They

are too

young

for descrip-

The species is remarkable tion. ness of one of its two umbonial angles.
Family
427.

for the

prominence and sharp-

CAKDIID^E.

Cardita a Ha IB is.
Synonymy.

Cardita affinis

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 195.

Dec. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 211. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 6.

May

1836.

June 1843.

Hanley Descr.

modulosa (?} Val. Voy. Venus Moll.

Catal. p. 149. 22. pi.

1845?
f.

2.

1846.

Valenciennes quotes Lamarck for the name which he gives to this species, which must therefore be an error for nodulosa.

But the Lamarckian

for
it is

said

to

shell probably belongs to a different species, be Australian. The name nodulosa is yet
errors,

farther involved in

by

its

reappearance in Keeve's

Iconica for a very different species.

Station.
!

Sandy mud,

at a

depth of from 6 to 12 fathoms

in stones

Cuming Sowerby. Our specimens were found

half tide level.
Habitat.
It is a

and rocks

at

and below

boring species.

Bay

of Montija and Gulf of Nicoya; Sowerby also Muller.

:

Cuming!

Central America

Mazatlan

Hanley. Melchers Menke.

; ! ;

West Columbia

Jay.

CARDITA.
;

Panama

Shells.

265

Guaymas Lt. Green Gould MSS, Panama and Taboga C. B. A,

! !

70 specimens were collected.

428.

Cardita laticostata.
Synonymy.

Cardita laticostata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.

-

p.

195.

Dec. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 210. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 7. f. 36.

May

1836.

Hanley Descr.
-

Catal. p. 146.

Aug. 1843. 1845

1846. 1846.

arcella

Orb. Voy. Arner. Merid. Moll. p. 582. Val. Voy. Venus. Moll. pi. 22. f. 1.

Reeve Elem. Conch,

Station,

pi.

35.

f.

191.

1849

In sand, at a depth of 6 to 12 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby. In coarse sand and

mud

at

the depth of from 10 to

12

fathoms; Cuming! Reeve.

Our specimens were found

and
gravel, under
tides.

stones, near the low water

partly buried in calcareous sand mark of spring

Habitat.

Guacomayo,
!

St.

Elena, Panama, and Real Llejos

:

Cuming Sowerby
St.

also Miiller.

Elena, Panama,
!

Real Llejos, Guayaquil, &c.

St.

Cuming Reeve.
All the Coast of Peru from Payta to

Elena in

Equador; Orbigny.
Central America
;

Hanley.
;

Guayaquil and Real Llejos Jay. Panama C. B. A.

!

"We collected 150 specimens on the

429.

reef.

Cardita radiata.
Synonymy.

Dec. 1832. Cardita radiata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 195. AH, LTC. NAT. HMT. 18 JULY, 1852,

266

Panama

Shells.

CARDIIDJL

Cardita radiata Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 211. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 5. Descr. Catal. p. 148.

May

1836.

Hanley Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

June 1843. 1845 ?

p. 582.

1846.

Station.
!

In

muddy sand at the depth

:

of from 6 to 12 fathoms

Cuming Sowerby Our specimens were found near low water mark,
Habitat.

also

Reeve,

Salango and Panama; Cuming! Sowerby: Muller also Orbigny also Reeve.
: :

also

West Columbia and Panama Salango and Panama Jay.

;

Hanley.

Taboga and Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected 20
430.

of growth. specimens in various stages

Cardiiim graitifcrimi.
/Synonymy.

Cardium graniferum Brod. et Sowb. in Zool. Journ.IV.367.

.

1829.

Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 38. pi. 49. f. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 76. f. 17. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 8. f. 43.

17.

1841.
Sept. 1841,

Nov. 1844.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 137. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 592.
Station.

1845

1846,

Unknown.
Mazatlan
Pacific
;

Habitat.

Broderip,
;

Sowerby. Gulf of Nicoya and Xipixapi Curning

!

Ocean

Cuming

Reeve

also Orbigny.
Pacific; Hanley.

West Columbia Jay. Panama C. B. A.

;

6 odd valves were found.

CARDIUM.
431.

Panama

Shells.

267

Cardiiim obovale.
Synonymy.

Cardium

obovale Brod.

and Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
July 1833. May 1836.

p. 84. Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 217. Sowb. Conch. 111. No. 90. pi. 46.

f.

4.

1841.
Sept. 1841.

Reeve Conch.

Syst. pi. 73.

pi.

f.
f.

4.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

21.

117.
p. 593.

Mar. 1845. 1846.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.

Sandy mud, Sowerby

Xipixapi
;

at the
:

depth of 11 fathoms

Cuming

also Keeve.

Habitat.

Cuming
C. B.

Sowerby

also Miiller

also

Reeve

also Orbigny.

Panama;

A.!

3 odd valves of this remarkable species were found.

432.

Cardinal) planicostatum.
Synonymy.

Cardium planicostatum Sowb.

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 83.

HI.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 217.

July 1833. May 1836.

1841.

Sowb. Conch.
f.

No. 83.

pi.

50.

25.

Reeve Conch.
Station.

Icon. pi. 6.

f.

31.
;

Nov. 1844.

In

fine

sand

at the

depth of 13 fathoms

Cuming

['.

Sowerby:
Habitat.

also Reeve.

Guacomayo
Reeve.

Cuming Sowerby
!

also Miiller

also

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 valve of this extremely rare shell

433.

was obtained.

Cardium procerum.
Synonymy.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Cardium procerum Sowb.

Lond.

p. 83.

July 1833..

268
Oardium procerum
Miill.

Panama

Shells.

CARDI1D.E.

216. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 81. No. 111. Conch. Sowb. pi. 50.

May
f.

1836. 1841.

23.

Reeve Conch. Syst. Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 77. 10. pi.

f.
f.

23. 51.

Sept. 1841.

Dec. 1844.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 140. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.

1845
p. 594.

1846.

Cuming

In coarse sand, at a depth of from 4 to 6 fathoms Sowerby also Eeeve.

:

Habitat.

KealLlejos; Cuming! Sowerby Eeeve.

also Miiller

also

Keal Llejos Jay. Mazatlan Melchers

; ;
!

Menke.

Panama C. B. A. odd valves were collected, and many more were seen on the "beach east of Panama.
;

434.

ardium senticosum.
Synonymy.

Oardium

scitlicosum

Sowb.
Miill.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
pi. 47.
f.

p. 84.

Syn. Test. Viv.

111.

p.

218.
f.

July 1833. May 1836.

1841.
Sept. 1841.

Sowb. Conch. Reeve Conch.

No. 43.

10.

Syst. pi. 74.

10.

rastrum
-

Reeve

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

ubi

Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 16. f. 82. senticosum Reeve Conch. Icon. Ind. and Errata
of Carclium
-

Jan. 1845.

Mar. 1845.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 137. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 593.

1845

1846.

1841, for Sowerby's and the reference description is evidently a misprint for 1833 Mr. to the same work, 1845, for C. rastrum seems erroneous.
S.,
;

Mr. Keeve's reference to Proc. Z.

Hanley 's reference

misprint for 74.
Station.

to

Keeve Conch.

Syst.

pi.

84

is

also

In sandy mud, at from 6 to 12 fathoms depth

Cuming! Sowerby.

VENUS.
Habitat.
St.

Panama

Shells.

269
also

Elena; Cuming! Sowerby: also Miiller:

:

S.

Reeve in Index of Cardium America Hanley.

;

also Orbigny.

Taboga; C. B. A.! 5 specimens were found.

Family
435.

VENERID^E.

Venus amatliusia ?
/Synonymy.
I.

Venus amathusia
Station.

Phil. Abbild.

pi. 2.

f.

4.

Apr. 1844.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown
Mazatlan
;

Philippi.
Lt.

Green

Gould MSS.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We obtained two specimens.

436.

Venus discors?
Synonymy.
Lond.
p. 42.

Venus discors Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

March 1835.
1846.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

Station.

p.

563.

In sandy

mud

at

from 6

to 9 fathoms;

Cuming!

Sowerby.

Our specimens were found

Habitat.
St.

in coarse

sand among stones be-

tween one-quarter and one-half

tide level.
;

Elena and Guaeomayo

also Orbigny.
Lt.

Cuming

Sowerby

Guaymas Panama
;

Green

Gould MSS.
reef.

C. B.

A.

We collected 146

specimens on the

437.

Venus gnidia*
Synonymy.
in Zool. Journ. IV. 364.

Venus ynidia Brod.

et

Sowb.

1829.

270

Panama

Shells.
41.
3.

Venus gnidia Gray in Beech. Voy. Zool. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 68.
-

pi.
f.

f.

1839.
Sept.. 1841.

5.

Hanley's

Supp. Wood

Ind. Test.

13. pi.

f.

43.

1845

?
I

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 113. Orb. Voy. Amer. Mend. Moll.

Station.

1845
p.

564.

1846.

Qnkn own
Pacific
;
;

Habitat.

Hanley.
!

Payta Fontaine San Bias Jay.

;

Orbigny.

Mazatlan

Lt.

Green

Gould MSS.

Panama

C. B.

A.

obtained 4 specimens of a variety which is distinguished size and proportionally more approximate concensmaller by tric ridges. Very fine specimens, with the concentric ridges distant, thin ?

We

and much elevated, are sometimes obtained

at

Panama.

438.

Venus multicostata.
Synonymy.

Venus multicostata Sowb.

Thouarsi
Station.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 22.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 128. Val. Voy. Venus, Moll. pi. 16.
;

Feb 1835. 1845 I

1846.

f.

1.

In coarse sand r at low water

Cumingl Sowerby.

Habitat.

Bay of Panama; Cuming! Sowerby. Panama Hanley also Jay. La Paz Lt. Green Gould MSS.
;

Taboga

C. B.

A.

5 specimens were collected.

439.

Venus pectunculoides.
Synonymy.

Venus pectunculoides Val. in Voy. Venus. Moll.

pi.

16.

f.

3.

3846,

VENUS.
Station.

Panama

Shells.

271

In coarse sand, between one quarter and one half

tide level.

Habitat

Guaymas Panama
;

Lt.

Green
A.
!

Mus. Essex

Inst.

C. B.

172 specimens were collected under a marine grove, on the

reef, &c.
*

440.

Venus subrugosa.
Synonymy.
1824

Venus subrugosa Sowb. Gen.

pi.

f.

2.

pi.

f.

5.

Wood
Reeve
- Phil.

Ind. Test. Supp. pi. 2. f. 6. Conch. Syst. pi. 67. f. 2.

I.

1828.
Sept. 1841.

Abbild.

pi. 3.

f.

6, 7.

Nov. 1844.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 116. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 561.
Cytherea subsulcata
Station.

1845

1846.

Menke must resemble

this species.

We found this mollusk partly buried in coarse sand

under
;

among

stones, or

trees,
:

near half tide level

also

Habitat.

Panama

Wood
;

Hanley
!

also Jay.

Peru; Philippi! Orbigny. Gould MSS. Lt. Green Mazatlan

also

Mus.

Essex Inst

Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected

33 specimens on the

reef,

and

in

a marine grove

west of Panama.
441.

VenilS
at

Sp. indet.

a.

12 odd valves were found

442.
Station.

Taboga and Panama.

.

Venus

Sp. indet, level.

b.

In coarse sand, near half tide

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

collected 14 specimens.

272
443.

Panama

Shells.

VENERID.L

Cytherea
Synonymy.

affinis.

Cytherea, affinis

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lend.

p. 45.
pi. 15.
f.

Mar. 1835.
27.
f.

Hanley Supp.
-

Wood

Ind. Test.

1845

Sowb.Thes. Conch. p. 630.No. 62.

at a

pi.

132.

101. 1851.

Station.

Sandy mud

depth of 10 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.

Panama and Xipixapi Panama C. B. A.

!

Cuming

Sowerby.

10 specimens were found on the beach west of Panama.

444.

Cytherea aurantiaca.
/Synonymy.

Cytherea aurcmtiaca Sowb. Gen.

-

aurantia

f. 3. 1824 ? pi. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 69, f. 3. Sept. 1841, Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pi. 15. f. 20. 1845 I
.

aurantiaca Jay Catal. p. 35. aurantia Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 628. No. 58.
f.

Dec. 1850,
pi.

132.
-

97

bis.

1851,

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown

Sowerby
;

also Hanley.

Gulf of Nicoya Jay. Mazatlan Lt. Green

;

Mus. Essex

Inst.

also

Gould MSS.

Taboga

C. B.

A.

We collected 3
445.

specimens of this beautiful shell.

Nov.
sp.

Cytherea consanguinea.
the

Shell

obovate, subcordate, with

:

ventral

margin well

very pale straw color, with numerous yellowish brown linear rays, which are more or less interrupted, and

excurved

which usually terminate before reaching the margin smooth and shining, with the lines of growth very minute : beaks pro:

CYTHEREA.
:

Panama

Shells.

273

defined

minent, approximate posterior area long and narrow, well lunule cordiform, defined by a well impressed line ;
: :

both, areas striate

margin of the

interior not crenulate

ante-

rior tooth

much

larger than the others.

This shell belongs to a

are
C. inflata^

group of very closely allied species,

C. albida, C. convexa, &c.

among which
;

Length 1.25 inch

Station,

height 1 inch

breadth .68 inch.

Unkn own.
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

We

found 8 specimens on the

446.

reef.

Cytherea radiata.
Synonymy.

Cytherea radiata Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 23. Hanley in Descr. Catal. p. 106.

Feb. 1835.

1845
128.
f.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

28-31.
Station.
-

p.

615. No.

9. pi.

1851.
[

In sandy

mud

at a

depth of 9 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.

Salango and Xipixapi

;

Cuming Sowerby, West Columbia Hanley also Jay. Panama C. B. A.

! ;

2 specimens were found.

447.

Cytherea squalida.
/Synonymy.

Cytherea xqualida
biradiata

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 23.

Feb. 1835,
f.

Gray

in Beech.

Voy.

Zool. p. 151. pi. 43.

p. 629.

5.

1839, 1839,

Siebold in

Wiegm.
f.

Archiv.

squalida

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

No. 61

(pars).

181.

87. (88,

89

exclus.)

1851.

Mr. Sowerby
constituted,

(in

Thes. Conch.) says that the species, as there

was

first

named from specimens brought by Mr,

274

Panama

Shells.

VENERIDJB.

Cuming from
made

the Philippine Islands

but there must be some

error in this statement, for in Feb. 1835, Mr.

his collections in the Philippine Islands,

Cuming had not and Mr. Sowerby,

in the original description in Proc. Zool. Soc. at that time, gave the station and locality as we have quoted below. Conse-

quently the name C. biradiata must stand as a synonym of C. squalida, and the shells from the Philippine Islands should be named and described as a distinct species.
Station.

In sandy mud,

at a

depth of 6 fathoms

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.
St.

Elena

Cuming
at

Sowerby, 1835.
;

Abundantly
California
;

San Bias and Mazatlan

Beechey

also Siebold.
;

Sowerby, 1851.
!

La Paz Lt. Green Mus. Essex Inst. West Columbia, Mazatlan, and California-,
Taboga; C. B. A.! 5 specimens were found.
448.

Jay.

Artemis Dunkeri.
Synonymy.

Cytherea Dunkeri Phil. Abbild.

I.

pi.

2.

f.

.5.

Oct. 1844.

Artemis Pacifica (Mus. Berol.) Trosch. in Wiegm. Archiv. p. 324. 1844. March 1850. Dunkeri Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 6. f. 34.
Station.

Unknown.
Pacific shore of
St.

Habitat.

Mexico; Philippi also TroscheL Elena and Panama, Central America (?) Cum: ;

ing! Eeeve.
Pacific; Jay.

Mazatlan

Lt.

Green

Gould MSS.

also

Mus.

Essex
;

Inst.
!

Panama C. B. A. 36 specimens were found on the beach next west of Panama.

CYRENA,
449.

Panama

Shells.

275

Artemis saccata.
Synonymy.

Arthemis saccata Gould

Station.

in Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. p. 91.

Nov. 1851.

Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Habitat.

Lt.

Green
A.
!

Gould.

Panama

C. B.

2 specimens were obtained.

450.

Gouldia Pacifica.
but with
the

Nov.

sp.

Shell

subtriangular,
:

ventral

margin

well

excurved the color varying in different specimens from dingy white to pale brown, often tinged with red about the beaks,
with some narrow rays of brown, and rarely with short irregular lines of brown with eight to twelve stout subequal concen:

tric ridges

sometimes radiately striated

area

beaks very acute and

closely

approximate:

lunule denned
the valves
:

posterior moderately depressed: well impressed line, rising at the margin of margin of the interior not crenulate. It is closely

by a

allied to G.

parva Ad.
;

Length
Station.

.22 inch

height .19 inch

breadth .09 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We collected 4 entire shells and

451.

60 odd valves.
Nov.

Cyrena maritima.
but
:

sp.

Shell

subtriangular,

with

the ventral

margin well

less violaexcurved, dingy white, ceous in the posterior half: with an olivaceous coarsely striate epidermis with well impressed striae of growth beaks very umbones very prominent with a prominent, approximate
:
: : :

ventricose, thin

more or

prominent posterior angle, and another

less

developed posterior

276
angle,

Panama

Shells.

TELLENID.E.

which defines the area of the

:

corselet: with

an

indis-

tinct intermediate angle

defined

ligament large

lunule broad and deep, but not well margins thin with all the cardinal
:

and

lateral teeth well developed,

but not thick.

are as follows
;

The dimensions of two specimens

Length 2 inches " "
2.7
Station.
;

height 1.75 inches " " 2.25

breadth 1.5 inches.

"

1.95

"

In impalpable mud, under bushes, at high water mark, where a small stream emptied. Some of the dead shells, which had not been moved from
their station,

had Balani growing in them.

!
;

Habitat.

2 5 miles

Panama 0. B. A. east of Panama 9 specimens were

Family
452.

collected.

TELLENIDJE.
tellinoides.

1,114 iaiM

Synonymy.
Lucina
tellinoides

Reeve Concli. Icon.

pi.

9.

f.

56.

June 1850.

Station.

In sandy mud, at a depth of about 11 fathoms

Eeeve.
I.

Cuming

Habitat.

of Muerte
;

Cuming
!

Keeve.

Taboga

C. B. A.

30 specimens were collected.

453.

Capsa

altior.

Synonymy.
Capsa
altior
-

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p.

196.

Dec. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 225. Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test.

May
pi.

1836.

14.

f.

34.

1845
1845

? ?

Hanley Descr.

Catal. p. 86.

Station.

Coarse gravel, in 12 fathoms water

and a

variety,

DONAX.
which
is

Panama

/Shells.

277

smaller and higher, at a depth of 5 fathoms in thin

!

mud

Cuming

Sowerby.
in

The only

living specimen

two inches deep

Habitat.

which we found was buried one or low water mark. sand, on a sandy flat, near
;

Gulf of Nicoya

Cuming

Sowerby

also Muller.
;

Tumbez

(for
:

the var. above mentioned)

also Miiller.

Cuming

Sowerby Peru and Central America Punta St. Elena Jay.

;

Hanley.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

454.

Donax

assimilis.

Synonymy.
Donax
assimilis

Hanley

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 17.

Mar. 1845.

/Station.

At about

inches deep in sand.

inhabitants.

three quarters tide level, buried a few It is frequently used for food by the

The regard which these mollusks have to a determinate level, was shown by a method for finding them, which was employed by a negro woman, who was seen several times
collecting them.

Beginning below the level where they might be found, the sand was scooped up with a calabash, in a line running up the beach, until the shells were found. Then by
keeping to
this level,

every calabash

full

of sand yielded more

or less of the Donax.

Habitat.

Panama
Panama

Hanley.
;

Mazatlan
;

Lt.

C. B.

Green Mus. Essex Inst A.

1 1

350 specimens were

455.

collected.

Donax

gracilis.

Synonymy.

Donax

gracilis

Hanley

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 15.

Feb. 1845.

278
Station.

Panama
Unknown.

Shells.

TELLENIDJE.

Habitat.

Bay

of Guayaquil,

and of Caraccas, Chiriqui

Panama

Cuming! Hanley. C. B. A.
!

20 odd valves were taken on the beach west of Panama.

456.

Donax navicula.
Synonymy.

Donax navicula Hanley

Station.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 15.

Feb. 1845.

Unknown.
Gulf of Nicoya; Cuming! Hanley. Panama E. Jewett Gould MSS.
! ;

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained.

457.

Donax rostratu.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elongated, inequilateral, rostrated anteriorly edge excurved along the middle, anteriorly rectilinear

ventral
anterior

margin very oblique, nearly rectilinear, edge a rostriform extremity purple and dingy yellowish brown, more or less in ill denned zones interior with the same colors
: ;

forming with the ventral

not in zones
;

posteriorly and near the beaks smooth and

shin-

with rather distant very fine radiating striae over the ing middle of the disc striae coarser anteriorly, more distant next
;

behind and more crowded before the umbonial angle the latter are slightly rugose beaks small, prominent umbones pro; : :

minent
surface

with a very sharp angle separating a concave anterior within slightly radiately striated with the anterior and ventral margins crenulated, more coarsely and deeply at the
; ; ;

anterior extremity

side of the cardinal teeth.

with a prominent lateral tooth on each It somewhat resembles D. cardinatus

Hanley.

Length

1.6 inch

height 1.15 inch

breadth

.8 inch.

TELLIKA,
Station.

Panama
Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Shells.

279

Habitat.

Lt.

Green
;

Santa Barbara

Col.

Gould MSS. Jewett Gould MSS.

!

Panama
1

C. B.

A.

valve only was obtained.

.

The number of species

is

in this genus

which
were

occur at

Panama

extraordinary

it

will be seen that 19

collected.

458.

Tellina aurora
Synonymy.

Tellina aurora Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 147. Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 301.
.

--Station.

Sept. 1844,

No. 153.
Soft sandy

pi.

58.

f.

76.

1846.

mud

in 10 fathoms

Cuming

Hanley,

Habitat.

Panama; Cuming! Hanley.

Rio Janeiro
;

Jay.

Panama
Probably there
is

C. B.

A.

2 entire specimens were found. our specimens is acuminated posteriorly by the more descending slope of the dorsal margin than the specimen which is figured in the The-

One of error in Dr. Jay's statement. colorless, and both of them are a little more
some

sawus.

An

odd valve
459.

is less

acuminated.
Nov.

Tellina cognata.
solid,
;

sp.

Shell

subelliptical,

convex, subequi lateral

anterior margin broadly
;

ventral
;

margin slightly excurved

sal

rounded

anterior dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping

margin
;

posterior dorthe posterior with slightly concave, sloping equally

dorsal

posterior
;

extremity somewhat
flexure slight
;

broadly truncated
or brownish tinge
;

obliquely and very white, with a pale reddish

with excessively minute unequal radiating

280
striae;
striae,

Panama

Shells.

TELLENIDJE.

with concentric crowded

somewhat oblique minute

angle,

which terminate much before reaching the umbonial covering less than half of the posterior side, and which
:

are also wanting near the anterior dorsal margin

beaks not
teeth

very prominent
obsolete.

ligament short, conspicuous

T. similis,

lateral
is

It is closely allied to species.

;

which

said to be a

Caribbean

Length 1.75 inch

Station.

height 1.23 inch

.

breadth

.5 inch.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

A single valve was found.

46tx

Tellina Columbieiisis.
Synonymy.

Tellina Columbiensis Hanley in Proc.

p. 11.

Zool.

Soc. Loud.

Apr. 1844.
p.

Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch, No. 166. pi. 65. f. 246.

Station.

307.

1846.
!

Sandy mud, 12 fathoms

Cuming
I

Hanley.

Habitat.

Monte

Christi
;

Cuming
A.
I

Hanley.

Taboga

C. B.

2 specimens were found.

461.

Tellina conciima.

Nov.

sp.

little

Shell subelliptical, rather thin, convex, with the anterior side anterior larger ventral margin moderately excurved
;
;

margin broadly

rounded;

anterior
;

dorsal

margin

little

excurved, moderately sloping posterior dorsal margin nearly straight, sloping equally with the anterior dorsal margin pos;

terior extremity

somewhat obliquely and very broadly

:

trun-

cated

flexure slight

shining, snow-white, with a slight tinge

;

of pink in the middle

with very unequal, and, for the most

TELLINA,
part,

Panama

Shells.

281

very fine concentric striae, which are much coarser postewith excessively minute unequal radiating striaa beaks riorly
:

not very prominent

obsolete.
1.6 inch

ligament short, conspicuous

lateral teeth

Length
Station.

height 1.02 inch

breadth .47 inch.

Unkno wn.
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

fine

specimens were obtained.

462.

Tellina crystallina.
Synonymy.

Tellina crystallina (Chem.

XL

210.

f.

1947-8
3.
f.

teste

Hanley)

Wood. Ind. Test. pi. ( Wood. Gen. Conch,

10

teste

Hanley)*
1835.

p.

149.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 66. Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch.

pi.

1845
I.

270.

57.

f.

43.

1846.

Station.

Unknown.
St.

Habitat.

Elena; Hanley.
;

Panama

C. B.

A.

We obtained only
463.

1 valve.

Tellina Cumingii.
Synonymy.
p. 59.

Tellina Cnmingii Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. in Sowb. Tbes. Conch,

Apr. 1844.
1846.

Hanley No. 3.

p.

223.

pi.

58.

f.

72.

Station.

In coral sand
;

Cuming
!

Hanley,
Hanley.

Habitat.

Guacomayo Cuming Panama C. B. A.

! ;

We found
*

only 1 entire shell and 1 single valve.

We

haye not had an opportunity of consulting Chemnitz and Wood's Index

since this species

was determined.
19
Anif. LTC.

JULY,

1852.

N*T. HIST.

282
464.

Panama

Shells,

Tcllina Dombei.
Synonymy.

Tellina

Dombei Hanley Hanley

in Proc. Zool. Soc. in

Lond.

p. 144.
p.

Aug. 1844,
1846.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

pi.

323.

No. 199.
Station.

62.

f.

182.

In sandy mud, 12 fathoms

Cuming

Hanley.

Habitat.

Panama; Cuming! Hanley. Panama; Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

12 specimens were collected.

465.

Tellina
Synonymy.

felix.

Tellina felix Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 71. Hanley in Thes. Conch, p. 281. No. 110.
fig.

Apr. 1844,
pi.

57.

52.

1846.
to

Station.

Sandy mud, 6

10 fathoms
!

Cuming

Hanley,

Habitat.

Panama Panama

Cuming
C. B.

Hanley.
!

A.

We collected 36 odd valves on the beach west of Panama,

466.

Tellina laceridens*
Synonymy.

Tellina laceridens

Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 61. Apr. 1844, Hanley in Thes. Conch, p. 243. No. 40. pi.
61.
f.

168. 176.

1846.

Station.

Sandy mud, 3

to

5 fathoms

Cuming
1

Hanley,

Habitat.

Tumbez and Chiriqui Cuming West Columbia Jay,

; ;

Hanley,

TELLINA.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

288

C. B.

A.

7 specimens were collected on the sand beaches.

467.

Tellina prora.
Synonymy.

Tellina prora

Hanley Hanley
pi.

in Proc. Zool. Soc. in

Lond. p. 61. Apr. 1844. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 243. No. 39.
152.

60.

f.

1846.

Station.

Sandy mud, 6
St.

to 9

fathoms
;

Cuming
!

Hanley.

Habitat.

Elena and Salango

;

Cuming

Hanley.

Salango

Panama

Jay. C. B. A. found.

A single valve was

468.

Tellina puella.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elongate, rather solid, convex, moderately inequilateral ventral margin slightly excurved, posteriorly straight anterior margin broadly rounded anterior dorsal margin slightly ex; ; ;

curved

posterior dorsal margin straight, rapidly sloping to an acute posterior extremity flexure moderate white, more or
;
; : : ;

deeply tinged with red, mostly near the margin shining with excessively minute concentric striae, and some faint microbeaks not very prominent ligament scopic radiating striae
less
: :

small

lateral teeth well developed.

.9

Length
Station.

inch

height .53 inch

breadth .28 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

12 odd valves were collected.

469.

Tellina rubescen.
Synonymy.

Tellina rttbescens

Hanley

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 60.

Apr. 1844.

284
Tellina rubescens

Panama
Hanley
in

Shells.
p. 242.

TELLENID^:.
No.
1846.

Sowb. Thes. Conch,

f.

38. pi. 60.

153.
!

Station.

In sandy

mud Cuming
;
;

Hanley.
!

Habitat.

Panama and Tumbez Tumbez Jay. Panama C. B. A.

"
;
!
;

Cuming

Hanley.

2 specimens were found.

470.

Tellina siliqua.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elongate, subelliptic, very thin, very convex, very inventral margin nearly straight anterior margin equilateral well rounded anterior dorsal margin slightly excurved, mode;

posterior dorsal margin straight or concave, rately sloping to a small subtruncate posterior extremity; flexure sloping
;

great pure white with excessively minute concentric striae beaks acute ligament small cardinal teeth small lateral teeth
:

wanting.

Dr.

Gould suggested the very appropriate name

height

which we have adopted.

Length
Station.
.7

inch

A inch

breadth

.3

inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was found.

471.

Tellina simulans.
Synonymy.

Nov.

sp.

Tellina punicca (pars) Hanley in Sowb. Thes. Conch.

I.

239.

1846.

ral

Shell subovate, solid, moderately convex, nearly inequilateventral margin slightly excurved anterior margin well
;
; ;

rounded

anterior

dorsal margin

slightly
;

excurved

poste-

rior dorsal

margin nearly
;

straight, sloping
:

posterior extremity

flexure slight white, more or less deeply rose color with tinged except near the margin and around the

obliquely truncated

TELLINA.
pure white beaks
;

Panama

Sliells.

285
:
;

within of a very deep red shining with deep crowded regular concentric sulci, which are of equal depth beaks prominent ligament short, conspiat both extremities
:
:

cuous: with a long posterior dorsal area well defined by an angle: lateral teeth nearly obsolete. The difference between
this shell

and

T.

punicea

is

slight

its

farrows are deeper and

;

are continued over the flexure without change of depth the interspaces are less flattened, and the lateral teeth are nearly
obsolete.

Length 1.13 inch

Station.

height

.7

inch

breadth
:

.3 inch.

In sandy
Xipixapi

mud
;

at

10 fathoms
!

Cuming

Hanley.

Habitat.

Cuming
C. B.

Hanley.

Panama
1 valve

A.

was found.
472.

Tellina sincera.
Synonymy.

Tellina sincera Hanley in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 68. Hanley in Thes. Conch, p. 261. No. 70.
pi.

Apr. 1844.
1846.

60.

f.

144.

Station.

Unknown.
N.

Habitat.

W.

Coast of America (Dr. Sinclair)

C. B. A.

Hanley

in

Thesaurus.

Panama

15 specimens were obtained on the beach west of the town.

473.

Tellina vicina.

Nov.

sp.
:

Shell very short, subovate, solid, convex, subequilateral ventral margin well excurved, sometimes slightly incurved near

the flexure

anterior margin broadly

rounded

anterior
;

and

posterior dorsal margins

;

nearly straight, sloping posterior extremity subtruncated flexure moderate dingy white, sometimes tinged with yellowish brown sometimes deep red, with
: ;

286

Panama
;

Shells.

PETRICOLIDJS.

some whitish specimens are ornaa tinge of blue or grey mented with bluish purple zigzag lines on the umbones, or with a short ray of the same color before the beaks with deep
:

unequal crowded concentric

short, conspicuous
/

striae

beaks prominent

lateral teeth rather small.

'

ligament This species is

:

closely allied to T. bimaculata.

ing, but
is larger,

and has similar

breadth

varieties of color-

higher, and has coarser

;

strias.

Length
Station.

.95 inch

height .78 inch

.

A inch.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

10 specimens were collected.

474.
L T.

Tellina

Sp. indet.

a.

valve,

obtained near Panama, resembles an overgrown

elongata Hanley,
:

qui the umbonial angles as concave upwards, but in this shell they are convex upwards, and consequently the posterior area is
less.

which species Mr. Cuming found at Chiribut the figure of that species in Sowb, Thes. represents

Our specimen
475.

is

more than 3 inches

-

long.

Tellina
plain

-.

Sp. indet.

b.

long

elliptic

white shell; 1 valve was found near

Panama.
476.

Tellina
but

Sp. indet.

c.

Like

T. puetta,

less rostrate

and more deeply

striate

odd valves were found near Panama.

Family
477.

PETBICOLID^E.
Nov.
sp.

Petricola cognata.
:

in the dingy white pholas-shaped, inequilateral upper posterior area with very fine crowded radiating equal

Shell

CUMINGIA.
strias
;

Panama

Shells.

287

in the lower posterior area with unequal fine raised

;

radiating lines

in the anterior half with radiating ribs,

;

which
lunule

are ornamented with small thick vaulted scales

beaks small,
:

prominent
defined

umbones prominent, somewhat

the anterior
ribs, a
little

flattened
:

by

scalloped anteriorly.

Length
Station.

.92 inch

depressed P. pholadiformis Lam. height .42 inch breadth .44 inch.

It is allied to
;

ventral margin

Unknown.
Panama;
C. B.

Habitat.
1

A.

specimen was obtained.

478.

Saxicava tennis!
Synonymy.

Saxicava tennis

(?)

Sowb.

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 88.

Aug. 1834.

The

description of this species

is

too meagre to enable us to

identify oar shell confidently.

Station.

In

soft stones

near half tide level.

!

Habitat.

Pacosmayo and Lambeyeque Cuming Sowerby. Panama C. B. A. specimen was found in the same stone with Alodiola, sp.
;
!

indet.

e.

Family
479.

MACTKID^E.

Cumingia eoarctata.
Synonymy.

f. 4. Cumingia eoarctata Sowb. Gen. pi. Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 49. f. 4.
.
-

p. 34.

Mar.

833.

Hanley Supp.

Wood

Sept. 1841. Tnd. Test. pi. 12. f. 37. 1845?

Station.

Sandy,

muddy

bottom, 7 fathoms water

Cuming

Sowerby.

288
Habitat.

Panama
;

Shells.

MACTRID^:,
!

Bay of Caraccas Ginning Panama 0. B. A.

!

Sowerby.

4 specimens were obtained.

480.

Cumingia trigonularis.
Synonymy.

Cumingia trigonularis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud. p. 35. Mar. 1833; f. 2. Sowb. Gen. pi. Reeve Conch. Syst. pi. 49. f. 2. Sept. 1841,.
.

Station.

Among
St.

stones in deep water

:
!

Cuming

Sowerby

Habitat.

Elena
;

Cuming Sowerby.
C. B.

Panama

A.

3 specimens were found.

481.

Cumingia

Sp. indet.

,.

4 specimens were obtained near Panama.

482.

Cumingia

Sp. indet.

5.

1 specimen was obtained near Panama.

483. 1 valve

Cumingia

Sp. indet.

c.

was found near Panama.

484.

Cumingia

-.

Sp. indet.

d.

1 specimen was found near Panama. The above are probably new species of Cumingia; but as their characters are probably somewhat variable, more speci-

mens

are requisite for

485.

good

descriptions.

Ainphidesma bicolor.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elliptical, scarcely flexuous, inequilateral, the posterior with the posterior dorsal margin a little conside being larger
;

AMPHIDESMA.

Panama

Shells.

289

purple near otherwise dingy white interior similarly colored, but with the purple region larger: smooth near the beaks,
cave, otherwise with all the margins well
:

rounded

the beaks,

otherwise with fine raised concentric

lines,

and crowded

radiat-

ing

strict,

are divergent

which are mostly microscopic, and which posteriorly and wholly microscopic beaks small, prominent
:
;

umbones convex.
Length
Station.

.85 inch

height .74 inch

breadth .42 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

1 valve was found.

486.

Amphidesma

ellipticum I

Synonymy,
Amphidesma
ellipticum Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend. p. 200.

Dec. 1832.

Hanley Descr.
Station.

Catal. p. 45.

1845?

Dredged
Sowerby.

at a

depth of 9 fathoms in sandy

mud

Cuming

Habitat.

Monte

Christi Cuming Sowerby. West Columbia Hanley. Panama C. B. A.

!
;

20 specimens on the reef at low water mark. Most of them are in fine condition, although none were taken
alive.

We obtained

487.

Amphidesma proximum.
little

Nov.

sp.

Shell

suborbicular, slightly flexuous, a

inequilateral,

with the anterior dorsal margin concave, with the posterior dorsal margin a little excurved, subtruncated posteriorly, other-

snow white, with a thin wise with the margins well rounded slate or umber-colored epidermis centrally and anteriorly with
:
:

very

fine rather distant raised lines

with extremely minute

290
radiating
striae

Panama

Shells.

MACTRIDJE,

mate

left

umbo more convex

Sowb.
:

over the whole surface: beak small, approxithan the right one corselet and
:

lunule long and narrow, concave.

to A. ellipticum
it

It is closely allied

by

varieties

of A.

lenticulare

corresponds mostly to the descriptions but the figures of that species in Sowb. Sowb.,

Conch. HI. and Hanley App.

distinct species.

Wood

Ind. appear to represent a

Sometimes the shell is tinged with brownish orange near the beaks and middle portion, especially in the interior. In some specimens the inner surface within the pallial line is finely and deeply punctated, and the deep pallial sinus is marked
with
striae

radiating from the opening of the sinus.

1.8 inch; height 1.58 inch; breadth .82 inch.

Length
Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

0. B.

A.

18 specimens were taken on the reef at low water mark.

488.

AmpMdcsma
Synonymy.

pulchriim.

Ainphidesma pulchrum Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 57.

Mar. 1832.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 221.

May
f.

1836. 1841.

Sowb. Conch.

111.

No.

2. pi. 17.

2.

Sept. 1841. Syst. pi. 47. f. 2. 1845 ? 12. f. 6. Wood Ind. Test. pi. Hanley Supp. 1845 ? Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 45.

Reeve Conch.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

/Station.

p.

534.

1846.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Bay

of Caraccas
:

Cuming Sowerby
!

in Proc. Zool.

Soc.

also Miiller.
;

Bay
St.

Orbigny. Elena and Panama; Cuming! Conch. 111.

of Caraccas

Sowerby

in

S.

America; Hanley.

AMPHIDESMA.
St.

Panama
Elena
; ;

/Shells.

291

Jay.

Panama

C. B.

A.

We

found 4 specimens.
489.

Amphidesma

striosum.

Nov.

sp.

with the elliptical, slightly flexuous, inequilateral posterior dorsal margin slightly excurved, with the anterior dorsal margin concave, otherwise with the margins well
;

Shell

rounded pale yellowish brown with numerous fine raised concentric lines, and closely crowded radiating striae, which are
:

mostly microscopic

beaks small, approximate

defined.
;

umbones con-

vex:

corselet

and lunule not well

;

Length
Station.

.78 inch

height .71 inch

.

breadth .33 inch.

Unknown
Panama
;

Habitat.

C. B.

A.

1 specimen was found.

490.

Amphidesma tortuosum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell compressed, subequilateral, triangular above, orbicular below, the slightly excurved posterior dorsal margin and the slightly concave anterior dorsal margin meeting at an angle of

about 125, and the rest of the margins being well rounded posterior side very flexuous, with a broad deep groove on the left valve and a corresponding ridge on the right valve dingy
;

with numerous concentric ridges, which are crossed by radiating strias that are partly microscopic beaks very minute,

white

approximate

left

umbo

flat,

right one convex

corselet

and

lunule long and narrow, deeply concave. Length 1.25 inch; height 1.1 inch breadth .35 inch.
;

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.
1

Panama

C. B.

A.

specimen was obtained.

292
491.

Panama

Shells.

Amphidesma ventricosum.

Nov.

sp.

Shell suborbicular, subequilateral, ventricose, flexuous with the anterior and posterior dorsal margins nearly straight; with the margins otherwise well rounded dingy white, brownish in
;

ill-defined

zones

with unequal

striae

of
:

covered with radiating microscopic

striae

growth densely beaks small, approxi;

mate

umbones very convex

.7

corselet

and lunule not very well

defined.

Length
Station.

inch

height .62 inch

breadth .36 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

single valve only was found.

492.

Crassatella gibbosa.
Synonymy.

Crassatella gibbosa Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 56. - Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 212.

Mar. 1832.

May

1836.

-Reeve Conch.
-

Syst. I. pi. 44. f. 2. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 1. f. 1. Ind. Test. pi. 1 2. Hanley Supp. Descr. Catal. Hanley p. 37.

Sept. 1841. Jan. 1843.

f.

Wood

1 6.

1845? 1845 ?
1846.

Chenu

111.

Conch,

pi. 2.

f.

6,

12.
p.

- Orb.

Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll.

578.

Station.

Sandy mud, 11 fathoms

Reeve.

Cuming

Sowerby

also

Habitat.

St.

Elena and Xipixapi

Muller
:

Cuming
:

Sowerby

also

also

Orbigny

also Reeve.

Payta; Fontaine!
S.
;

Orbigny.

America Hanley. Punta St. Elena Jay.

;

Panama
Only
1 valve

C. B.

was obtained.

LUTRARIA.
493.

Panama

Shells.

293

niulinia donaciformis.
Synonymy.

Mulinia donaciformis Hanley Descr. Catal.

p. 35.

1845
10.
f.

'(

Hanley Supp.Wood. Ind. Test. pi.

29.

1845

This species, according to Hanley, was described by Gray in Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, and figured in Zool. Beech. Voy. pi. 44. f.

but not having these books before us since our specimens were determined, we have not verified these references.
13,

1839

Station.

Unknown.
South Seas
;

Habitat.

Hanley.
!

Panama Panama

Col. Jewett

Gould MSS.

C. B.

A.

14 specimens were collected on the beach west of Panama.

494.

iTIuliiiia

ventricosa.

Synonymy.
Lwtraria ventricosa Gould Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. IV. 89. Nov. 1851.
Station.

Unknown.
Mazatlan
;

Habitat.

Lt.

Green
!

Gould.

Panama

C. B. A.

3 specimens were collected on the beach west of Panama.

495.

Lutraria elegans.
Synonymy.

Mactra elegans Sowb. in Tank. Catal. No. 116. App. p. 2. pi. Desh. in Lam. An. sans Vert. VI. 107. Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 33. Hanley Supp. Wood. Ind. Test.
Station.
pi. 11.
f.

1.

f.

3.

825.

1835.

16.

1845 1845

Unknown.

Habitat.

Unknown

Sowerby

also Deshayes.

294
Florida
;

Panama
Hanley.
C. B.

Sheik.

CORBULID^E.

Panama

A.

and elegant shell. L. Dr. Gould has shown canaliculata Say is the Atlantic analogue. us his L. undulata, which is quite distinct from either species.
collected 6

We

odd valves of

this rare

Mr. Hanley must be in error as to the habitat of the species. Its Atlantic analogue inhabits Florida, but is not likely to have

been confounded with

496.

this shell.

ITIactra vclata.
Synonymy.

Mactra

velata

Phil. Abbild. III. pi. 3.

Phil in Zeitschr. Mai. p. 153. No. 10 for 1848. Mar. 1849. f. 5. Nov. 1850.

This shell attains a length of 4 inches. small variety (a) has It may possithe posterior dorsal outline much less excurved.
bly be a distinct species.
type.
Station.

Col. Jewett's specimens belong to this

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama Panama Panama

Panama;
;

E. B. Philippi Troschel.
Col. Jewett C. B.
!

Philippi.

Gould MSS.
reef.

A.

10 specimens were found on the

Family
497.

COKBULID^E.
alta.
Nov.
sp.

Anatina
;

Shell ovate,

short

anteriorly

subangular and
:

flexuous

otherwise with the margins well rounded pearl-white, with a thin brownish epidermis with unequal striae of growth
:
;

surface

microscopically
:

sagrinate;

beaks small, prominent,

:

approximate
followed

umbones moderately convex spoon-shaped tooth a by well rounded deep sinus under the beak.

POTAMOMYA.
Length 1.98 inch
Station.
;

Panama

Shells.

29t>
.7

height 1.35 inch

breadth

inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

1 valve only 498.

was found.

Pandora cornnla.

Nov.

sp.

Shell elongate, ovate, very inequilateral, the posterior part being much longer and higher dorsal margin nearly straight,
;

posteriorly sharply rostriform

posterior

margin much exca-

well rounded

vated next beneath the rostriform projection; ventral margin pearl-white with some unequal striae of growth
:
:

right valve with a prominent angle extending from the beak tothe middle of the sinus of the posterior margin left valve with
;

a corresponding depressed angle

slightly

beaks indistinct

umbones

and almost equally convex.

.7

Length

inch

height .42 inch

breadth .11 inch.

Dr. Gould.

We

adopt the appropriate

name suggested by
A.
I

Station.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

Only 1 specimen was found.

499.

Potaiiiomya aequalis.

Nov.

sp.

the

Shell subovate, nearly equilateral, slightly inequivalve with margin subangulated posteriorly, otherwise well rounded
;

white beneath a pale brown epidermis with unequal striae of growth; posteriorly with an umbonial angle not very prominent beaks small right umbo very prominent, both somewhat
:

compressed medial ridge.

:

tooth rather small

teeth of the left valve with a

Length

.78 inch

height .66 inch

breadth .42 inch.

In soft impalpable mud, under a mangrove thicket, Station. near high water mark, and near the outlet of a small stream, with Area tuberculosa,

296
Habitat.

Panama
Panama
;

Shells.

CORBULID^.

C. B.

A.

1 specimen

was obtained about 2

miles east of Panama.

Nov.

500.

Potamomya

inflata.

sp.

Shell ovate, ventricose, inequilateral, moderately inequivalve ; posterior margin subtruncated between the extremities of two

umbonial angles, of which the upper one is indistinct ventral margin moderately excurved anterior margin abruptly and
;
;

regularly

with unequal

rounded: white beneath a pale brown epidermis: strias of growth beaks small urnbones very
:

prominent, somewhat compressed left valve with a medial ridge.

teeth small

tooth of the

height .57 inch breadth .5 inch. less ventricose variety has the following dimensions Length .6 inch height .46 inch breadth .33 inch.

Length

.7

inch

Station.

With P.

cequalis, q. v.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

3 specimens were obtained with P.

501.

cequalis.

Potamomya
triangular,

trigonalis.

Nov.

sp.

Shell solid,
lateral
;

moderately

inequivalve,

subequi-

upper posterior margin moderately excurved, forming an angle with the slightly excurved ventral margin anteriorly
;

with the dorsal margin abruptly and regularly rounded into the ventral margin white beneath a pale brown epidermis
:
:

with fine

of growth with a sharp umbonial angle defining a posterior area beaks large and prominent umbones promiteeth large and robust tooth of nent, somewhat compressed
striae
;

the

valve with a medial ridge. Length .95 inch height .8 inch

left
;

breadth .56 inch.

Station.

With

P.
;

cequalis, q. v.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

2 specimens were obtained.

CORBULA.
502.

Panama

Shells.

297

Corbula Mcariiiata.
Synonymy.

Corbula bicarinata Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 35.

Mar. 1833.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 229. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 3. f. 23.

May
f.

1836.

Jan. 1844.
31.

Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pi. 12. Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 46. Orb. Voy. Amer. Mend. Moll. p. 571.

1845? 1845?
1846.

Station.
!

Cuming Our specimens were found under

:

In sandy mud, at the depth of from 7 to 17 fathoms Sowerby also Reeve.

stones,
little

which were sunk

deep in sand, a
Habitat.

above low water mark.

Llejos,
:

Panama, Real

Caraccas,
also Muller

St.
:

Elena, &c.

Cuming

Sowerby

also

Orbigny

also Reeve.

West Columbia Hanley Panama C. B. A.

; ! ;

also Jay.

260 specimens were collected on the

reef.

503.

Corlmla Mradiata.
Synonymy.

Corbula biradiata Sowb.

-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

p.
pi.

Lond.

p. 35.

Mar. 1833.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv.

230.
1.
f.

May
3.
f.

1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

Aug. 1843.
51.

Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pi. 10. Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 47. Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. Moll. p. 571.
Station.

1845

? ?

1845

1846.

fathoms

In sand and mud, at the depth of from 3 to 7 Cuming Sowerby also Reeve.
!

Habitat.

Chiriqui and

Bay
:

of Caraccas

Cuming

Sowerby

also Muller

also

Orbigny

also Reeve.

Caraccas; Hanley. 20 JULY, 1852.

ANN.

Lore.

NAT. HIST.

298

Panama
;

Shells.

CORBULID^E.

West Columbia Jay. Panama C. B. A.

! ;

and 8 odd valves appear to be the shell described as above. 2 entire specimens and 10 odd valves of a beautiful variety were also obtained.
1

entire specimen

504.

Corbula obesa.
Synonymy.

Corbula obesa Hinds

Lond. p. 57. Reeve Conch. Icon. pi. 5. f. 38. Hinds Zool. Voy. Sulph. Moll. p. 68. pi. 20.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

May May
f.

1843.
1844.

12.

1844.

Station.

Mud,

at the

depth of 22 to 33 fathoms

Hinds

also Reeve.

Habitat.

West
N.

coast of America, between 8

lat.,

57'

and 21 32'
;

Panama, Veragua, San

Jay.
C. B.

Bias, &c.

Hinds

also Reeve.

San Bias

Panama;
6

A.

odd valves were found.

505.

Corbula

ovtilata.

Synonymy.
Corbula ovulata Sowb.
in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 35.

Mar. 1833.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 230.

May
7.

1836.

Reeve Conch. Icon.

pi. 1.

f.

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 47. Hanley Supp. Wood Ind. Test. pi. 10. Orb. Voy. Amer. Mend. Moll. p. 571.
Station.

f.

Aug. 1843. 1845 ? 52. 1845 ? 1846

fathoms

In sandy mud, at various depths from 7 to 17 Cuming Sowerby also Reeve.

! :

Habitat.

Xipixapi and Bays of

Montijo

and
:

Caraccas

Cuming

Sowerby

also Muller

also

Orbigny

also Reeve.

On

the sands at Real Llejos and Mazatlan, a few

CORBULA.

Panama
odd valves, of a

Shells.

299

clear pink color,

:

were picked up

Cuming
S.

Sowerby
;

also Reeve.

America
;

Taboga 6 odd valves and 1

is

C. B,

Hanley. A.
!

entire

specimen were found.

The

latter

of extraordinary size and thickness, Its dimensions are length 1.22 inch height .81 inch width .68 inch it weighs
: ;
;

f oz.

On and around
506.

the umbones,

it is

of a clear pink color.

Nov.
sp.

Corbula rubra.

Shell

subovate, moderately inequivalve and

inequilateral,

posteriorly acuminate, with the ventral margin arcuate, anteriorly rounded rufous, with a short white ray on the anterior side of
:

the umbo, and a dark red spot before

strire,

it

with fine concentric

striae
;

decussated by radiating microscopic

:

beaks not very

prominent umbones prominent, somewhat angulated on both Our unique specimen has a teeth small. sides near the beaks
:

broad flexure a

little

behind the middle

but

this

may be an

accidental growth.

Length
Station.

.31 inch

height .19 inch

breadth .14 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

Only

1 specimen
507.

was obtained.

C orb ula

tennis.

Nov.

sp.

Synonymy.
Corbula tcnuis Sowb. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
-

p. 36.

Mar. 1836.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 231.

-

May
13.
;

1836.

Reeve Conch.

Icon. pi. 2.

f.

Sept. 1843.

Station.

Sandy mud,
:

at the

depth of 12 fathoms

Cuining

Sowerby

also Reeve.

Habitat.

Bay

of Montijo also Reeve.

;

Cuming! Sowerby: alsoMiiller:

!

Mazatlan

E. Jewett
C. B.

Gould MSS.

Panama

A.

300

Panama
this species, hitherto

Shells.

SOLENID^E.
collection,

Of

unique in the Cumingian

we obtained only 1 specimen of the convex valve. Col. Jewett also brought a convex valve to Dr. Gould, and retained another
odd valve from Mazatlan.
508.

Corbllla

Sp. indet.

a.

This species has some resemblance to C. Taheitensis. We obtained at Panama but 1 valve, which is probably immature.
509.

Corbllla

Sp. indet.

b.

Two

left

valves were obtained at Panama.

Family
510.

SOLENID^E.
affinis.
Nov.
sp.

Solecurtus

Shell much elongated, compressed cylindric, well rounded at both extremities; ventral edge straight or slightly arcuated: white beneath a deep yellowish brown epidermis with unequal
:

striae

of growth
:

beaks not prominent, a

little

behind the mid:

dle of the shell

umbones compressed along the middle

callosities
:

liga-

ment broad, with stout nymphasal in the left, and two in the right valve.
8. Caribceus.

teeth small, one

This

is

the analogue of

Length 2.25 inches; height

Station.

.8

inch; breadth .55 inch.

Unknown.

Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

10 specimens were collected.

511.

Soleii rudis.

Nov. sp.
;

Shell solid, straight or slightly recurved with the posterior extremity abruptly truncated nearly perpendicularly; anteriorly with

very thick rounded margins: white beneath a brown deciduous epidermis, which is produced much beyond
the margins
:
;

with only indistinct striae of growth on the shell with some radiating lines on the epidermis beaks inconspicu:

PHOLAS.
ous, at

Panama

Shells.

301
:

one seventh of the length from the anterior extremity ligament large, with stout nymph zeal callosities teeth large in
:

old shells.

Length
Station.

5.8 inches

height 1.3 inch

sand,

breadth 1 inch.
stones,

In coarse

among

near low water

mark.
Habitat.

Panama

C. B.

A.

55 specimens were collected on the reef. It is an edible species, and many of our specimens were obtained from the natives,

who were

digging them for food.

Family
512.

PHOLADID^E.

Pholas crucigera.
Synonymy.

Pholas cruciyera Sowb.

cruciger
-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

p. 69.

Mull. Synop. Nov. Test. Viv. p. 236. Orb. Voy. Amer. Mericl. Moll. p. 499.

July 1834. May 1836.

1843.
11.

cruciyera

Hanley Supp.
f.

Wood

Ind. Test.

pi.

53.

crucifera

Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 6. Sowb. Thes. Conch. Index. Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 489. No.
104.
f.

1845? 1845?
1849.
13. pi.

24-6.
III.
pi. II.
f.

1849.
4.

'cmcigera Phil. Abbild.

Station.

Nov. 1850.
in soft stone at

In

soft

sandstone at half tide

at the

low
!

water;

in

hard clay

depth of 13 fathoms;

Cuming

Sowerby.
Habitat.
I.

of Puna,

Bay

of Caraccas, and Gulf of Nicoya

:

Cuming
Jay.

Central America

Sowerby Hanley
;

also Miiller.
:

also

Orbigny

also

Panama
1 specimen

C. B.

A.

was found.

302
513.

Panama

Shells.

PHOLADID^E.

Phot a*

tiibifera.

Synonymy.
Pholas tubifera Sowb.
- Mull.
-

in Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond.
p.

p. 71.

Synop. Nov. Test. Viv.

238.

July 1834. May 1836.

1843.

Orb. Voy. Ainer. Merid. Moll. Hanley Descr. Catal. p. 8.

p.

499.

1845
pi.

Sowb. Tbes. Concb.

106. Station.
f.

p. 499. No. 41.

64, 65.

1849.

In decayed wood, dredged up at 10 fathoms' depth

Cumin g

Sowerby.

Habitat.

Bay

of Caraccas
;

Cuming! Sowerby:
!

also Miiller.

Payta

Fontaine
;

Orbigny.
:

West Columbia Hanley Panama C. B. A.

! ;

also Jay.

1 specimen
514.

was found.
(Val.

Pholas xylophaga.
/Synonymy.
Val. Voy.

non Desk

et al.)

Penitella xylophaya

(?)

Venus Moll.

pi.

24.

f.

2.

1846.

Station.

Boring in wood, near high water mark.

Habitat.
,,

Panama

C. B.

A.

20 specimens were taken from the bottom of an old "dugThe bottom of the canoe out,"* on the rocks near the sea wall.

was

filled

with this mollusk.

515.

Pliola^

Sp. indet. a. It

2 right valves were found near

lanceolata Orb.
516.

Panama.

resembles P.

Pholas

-.

Sp. indet.

b.

1 partially decayed valve was found near

Panama.

This

is

probably an undescribed species.

*

large canoe

made

of the trunk of a tree.

ORBICULA.
Class
517.

Panama

Shells.

303

BRACHIOPODA.

Orbicula Cumiiigii.
Synonymy.

Orbicula Cumingii Brod. in Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud.

p.
I.

125. 143,

Nov. 1833.
1835.

Brod.
pi.

in Trans. Zool. Soc.

Lond.

23.

f.

1.

Brod. in Ann. des Sc. Nat.

p. 29. pi. 2.

f.

1.

1835. 1836.

Mull. Syn. Test. Viv. p. 175. Lam. An. sans Vert. VII. 317. No. 3.

(Desk ed.) Lam. An. sans

1836.
Vert. III. Pt.
I.

p.

118.

No. 3. (Desh. ed.tert.) Sowb. Thes. Conch, p. 366. No.

pi.

1841.
4.

73.

f.

6.

1846.

Orb. Voy. Amer. Merid. MoJl. p. 677.

Station.

1846.

Attached to the lower sides of

stones,
at a

in sandy

mud,

at
;

low water, and in some instances

!

depth of 6

fathoms

Cumiug Broderip. Our specimens were also found

under side of
Payta,
also
stones.

at

low water mark, attached

to the

Habitat.

St.

Elena, and

Panama Cuming Broderip

! ; ! ;

Sowerby. Payta and St. Elena Cuming Orbigny. Seas of Chili and of Peru Deshayes.
;

Panama;

C. B.

A.

50 specimens were collected on the

reef.

SPECIERUM NOVARUM CONCHYLIORUM,

IN SINU

PANAMENSI REPERTORUM,

SYNOPSIS.

OVULA NEGLECTA.
exilissime
spiraliter
:

0.

t.
:

gracili

rubra, labro
:

pallido

laevi,

vel

utrinque rostrata

apertura supra angusta, infra latiore, Jabro crasso, medio recto columella utrinque acumi-

striata

nata, linea longitudinal! impressa et callo instructs.. lat. 2.5 millim.

Long. 7.8 millim.,

OVULA

VARIABILIS.

0.
:

t.

gracillitna
:

interdum rubro-purpurea

laevi

hand multum
crasso
13'".7
: :

latiore, supra columella longitudinaliter carinata, supra, subbiplicata.

lat. 3"'.8.

albida, vel subrufa, labro albo : apertura subangusta, ernarginata, infra labro eftusa, hand multum producta
: :

Long.

spira

MARGINELLA MINOR. M. baud multum elevata

; :

t. ovata : albida, diaphana tenui, lasvi : anfr. circa 3, sutura inconspicua : apertura
:

lineari

labro crasso,
inter'duin

una parva,
1'".6.

spirara adnato : columella plicis duobus magnis, altera obsoleta, instructa. Long. 2'".3 : lat.

M. t. gracili, fusiformi atro-fusca, plicis pallidis : parvis, plurimis, infra obsoletis, et striis spiralibus, supra exilioribus, intersectionibus granulatis: apice acutt\ : anfr. 10, sub:

MITRA SOLITARIA.
transversis,

costis

convexis, sutura subimpressa apertura longa, cauali brevi labro crasso, intus plicis acutis plurimis instructo, supra sinuato columella quadriplicata. Long. 17'".3 lat. 5"'. 7 apert. long. 8"'.G. OLIVA INCONSPICUA. 0. t. gracili albida licvi spira aperturam
:

subpequante apice subobtusa anfr. 6, sutura conspicua apertura suprii labro tenui. Div. 30 acuminata, late sed non profunde emarginata ad 40: long. 3"'.S lat. I'" A.
:
:

t. subelongata, ovato-conica pallide fusca, canescente costis angustis, 10 vel 11; lineis elevatis spiralibus baud interrupts plurimis spira subconicu apice anfr. 8 vel 9, mecliis subangulatis acuta sutura, couspicua labro subalabio exile rugoso cuto, a varice crasso firmato apertura late et proDiv. 50 funde emarginata. long. 20'". 7 ; lat. 15'".2 spirsc long.
:

NASSA CANESCENS.

N.

ad costarum
:

interstitia

SYNOPSIS.

Panama
X.
:

Shells.

305

NASSA COLLARIA.
tibus

t.

ovato-conica

duobus ornata
;

costis

10

vel 12,

prope labrum miuoribus

albida, fasciis fuseis nigrescenet. erebri-

oribus

spira subeoniea

apioe labro subacuto, a Varice crasso firmato, intus crenulato apertura proDiv. 50; long. 7 '".8 ; lat. 5'".3 funde emargiuata, spine long. 15"'.8.
.

lineis elevatis spiralibus pluribus ; intersectionibus subnodulosis : : acuta: anfr. 7. subconvexis ; sutura conspicua:
:

NASSA CORPULENTA.
spiralitcr fasciata;

spiralibus trajectis

sutura conspicua

fusco et albo N. t. ovato-conica, ventricosa elevatis apertura alba: costis angustis 11, a lineis subconvexis anfr. acuta coniea ; 9, apice spira anfr. ultimo inagno, ventricoso : labro subacuto, a
:

varice crasso firmato, intus sulcuto

labio rugoso

funde emarginata.

Div.

40;
t.

long. 22'"

lat.

apertura late et pro16'" spira long.

; :

NASSA GEMMULOSA.

N.
:

ovato-conica, ventricosa

albida, fiavula

linea fusca infrasuturali, altera anteriore, et

spiralibus

peracuta
varice

lineis vel 16 costis ornata paucis interrupts, intersectionibus eleganter nodulosis apice sphu coniea labro subacuto, a sutura conspicua anfr. 7, subconvexis
;

ad minimis 15

anfr.

ultimum medium
elevatis
:

crasso firmato, intus sulcato apertura profunde lat. 2'".7 Div. 56 ; long. 5'".2 spira? long. 3'".8.
: ; ;

emarginata.

NASSA GLAUCA.
:

N.
:

t.

ovato-conica, ventricosa

glauca. fascia albida

;

costis 10, 2 vel 3 ultimis obsoletis spiraliter suprasuturali ornata anfr. subconvexis; sutura constriata spira subconica: apice acuta: labro subacuto, a varice crasso firmato, anfr. ultimo ventricoso spicua Div. 55 intus carinis 5 instructis apertura profunde emarginata.
:

long. 12'".7

lat.

7'".9

NASSA PANAMEXSIS.

spine long. 5'".3. N. t. elongata, ovato-conica

:

olivacea, coeruleo

tincta, linea albida spiraliter fasciata ; labro supra albido costis 1 1, angustis, acutis, anterius obsoletis ; striis exilibus, spiralibus spira siibeoimidea apice acuta : anfr. 8, subconvexis ; sutura conspicua ; anfr. ultimo parvo
:

labro subacuto, a varice crasso firmato, intus sulcato apertura profunde lat. 6'".3 Div. 37 long. 14'".7 spine Ion. 8'".8. emarginata. NASSA PROXIMA. N. t. ^Vaxta' versicolori (v. infra) simili, exiliore,
: ;

costis

minus prominentibus, striis eontinuis

;

exilissimis creberrime insculpta.

spine long. 7"'.l. NASSA STRIATA. N. t. elongata, ovato-conica albida, flavo tincta striis magnis, spiralibus, inultis costis parvis 12 vel 13 apertura, alba acuta anfr. 8, convexis sutura subprofunda spira subconoidea apice
long. II'". 2
;

Jiv. 38

lat.

o'".3

labio birugoso labro subacuto, a varice lato firmato, intus sulcato Div. 48 lat. 7'".9 long. 14'".7 apertura profunde emarginata.
:

spine long. 8'".4.

NASSA vERsrcoLOR. N. t. elongatu, ovato-conica flavula, vel albida, sutura atro-fusca, vel omnino atro-fusca costis angustis prominentibus, 9 striis exilibus, spiralibus, ad anfr. medios evanescentibus vel 10 spira labro arifr. 8, subconvexis sutura profunda subconica apice acuta labio exile rugoso subacuto, a varice robusto incrassato apertura pro: :

306
funde emarginata.
8'".8.

Panama
Div. 45
;

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.
;

loner.

15" '.2

lat.

8'".4

spirre long.

XASSA WILSONI. N. t. ovato-conica, ventricosa atro-fusca, fascia lineis elevatis spicostis parvis, 16 ad 20 suprasuturali albida ornata ralibus inultis spira conoidea apice acuta anfr. 7, subconvexis sutura
: : ; : :
:

eoiispicua

anfr.

ultimo ventricoso
:

sato, carinis paucis instructo

labro subacuto, extus et intus incrasDiv. 58 ; apertura profunde emarginata.

:

long, 8"'.l

lat.

BrcciNUM
costis parvis, 9

spine long. 4'".6. LUGUBRE. B. t. elongata,

;

4'".8

ovato-fusiformi

atrofusca

usque ad 13 ad singulus
anfractibus
:

anfr. a striis spiralibus inequali: :

bus decussatis, intersectionibus uonnullis acute nodatis

spira

conica

8,
:

labro acuto apertura ovata 17'"; lat. 7'"; spira long. 10'". BUCCINUM STIMPSONIANUM. B.
rea,

apice acuta convexis, sutura Laud valde impressa canali brevi recurva. Div. 44 long.
:
:

t. atro-cineelongata, ovato-conica labro supra albido, sajpe albo-fasciata rugis transversis crassis, 7
: :

ad singulos anfr. et rugis angustis spiralibus, quorum conspicnis ad striis spiralibus exilibus plurimis anfr. 4, infra minoribus anfr. 8 apice acuta spira conica apertura ovata labro crasso, intus canali brevi, valde emarginata. columella rugosa plicis paucis instructo Div. 38 lat. 8"'.l. long. 18'".3
vel 8

penultimmn

PURPURA FOVEOLATA.
versis,

albida P. t. obliquu rliombica rugis transmagnis, compressis, 9 ad singulos anfr., et carinis 4, elevatis,
:
;

angustis;

intersectionibus
6,

elevatis;

striis

spiralibus

exilibus:

apice

acuta

supra et infra concavis, mediis carinatis, sutura inconspicua, apertura elongata labro tenui, a carinis pectinate, a striis spilat. 7"'.l. ralibus serrate. Div. 70 long. 10"'.9
:

anfr.

sordido alba, intus oblique rliombica nivea rugis transversis, convexis, prominentibus, 9 ad singulos anfr., et rugis spiralibus, a striis disjunctis, creberrime imbricatim squamosis, rugas transversas superantibus, alternis majoribus apice acuta: spira conica; anl'r. G.T, convoxis, sutura impressa apertura obovata labro exile pecP.
t.
:
: : : ;

PURPTJRA OSCULANS.

tiuato, intus traasveree sulcato

Div. 70

long. 6"'.SG

canali brevissima, profunde emarginata. lat. 4"'.3 ; spiraj long. 3'".

;
:

COLUMELLA CONSPICUA.
anfr.,
lat;'i
;

fascia alba lata ad medios G. t. ovato-conica infra alba, fusco macuutrinque fascia fusco-aurantia lata ornata rugis alternis macula fusca conspicuis rugis transversis, 9 ad sin;
:

^ulos

anfr.,

maximis, obtusis, ad sninmos

:

anfr. obsoletis
:

striis

magnis

: spiralibus rugas prope superantibus anfr. 8, convexis, snturii baud multum impressa ; anfr. ultimo subangulato : apertura supra band multum latiore, late et profunde emarginata :

apice subacutu

spiru subconica

labro subincrassato, intus rugoso. Div. 35 spine long. 3'". COLUMBELLA DiMiNUTA. C. t. subfusiformi
costata, spiraliter striata infra majoribus ; costis infra obsoletis

Ipng. 5'". 3

lat.

2'". 5

nigrescente
7,

striis

pallide llavo-fusca, infra costas band superantibus,

: : :

sutura

parum impn-ssa: apertura subangusta:

anfr. spira conica apice acuta labro valde incrassato,

SYNOPSIS.
intiis crenulato spine long. 2'".
:

Panama
labio subgranuloso.

Shells.

307
;

Div. 45

long. 3'".9

hit.

1'".8

COLUMBELLA GR.vciLis. C. t. elongata, ovato-conica : supra pallide fnsca, infra rubro-fusco irregulariter maculata, a linea albo et t'usoo artiinfra spiraliter striata culata fasciata : costis parvis, plurimis apice aeuta ; spira coniea: anfr. 8, sutura conspicua: labro crasso, intu.s
: ;

Div. 37 columella sublsevi. sparse yranulato, supra subsinuato long. 7 .6; lat. 3'".2; spira? long. 5"'.l. COLUMBELLA MCESTA. C. t. gracili, subfusiformi atra vel atrofusca
: :

supra sublan'i
obsoletis
:

media
:

costata, costis

costaruin intervallis spiraliter striatis

:

12 usque ad 15 ad singulos ant'r., costis et striis ad ultiimim anfr.

;
: :

anfr. 8, sutura parum impressa, apiee acuta spira gracilliina labro valde incrassato, supra sinuato, intiis crenulato: apertura linear! Div. 35; long. 7'".6 lat. columella subhevi. 2'".8; spira long.
;

4'".3.

COLUMBELLA PULCHRIOR.
mis rubrofuscis quiucuncialiter
spira coniea; labro crasso,

C.

t.

subelougata, ovata
:

diaphana, pallide
:

flavo-fusea, fascia alba atro-cinereo artieulata infrasuturali, et punetis minidispositis ornata losvi, nitida: apice acuta anfr. 6 vel 7, sutura parum impressa apertura angusta Div. 45 intiis sparse granulate : columella sublaivi.
:

long. 3'".8;
tincta
anfr.
;

lat.

1'".8

spirae long. 1'".9.

COLUMBELLA TESSELATA.
;

C.

t.

subelongata, ovata
: :

atro-glauca, fusco
:

15 ad singulos anfr. 8, apice acuta spira coniea labro crasso, supra subsinuato, sutura conspicua apertura elongata Div. 48 labio subgranuloso. intus sparse granulate long. 5'". 7
albo tesselata
:

costis approximatis, validis, circa

striis

spiralibus profundis
:
:

lat.

2'".7

spirse long. 3'".3.

rufis, infra

t. rliombica perfusca, tuberculis albidis, vel rugis transversis, elevatis, 8 vel 9, a rugis spiralibus 10 vel 11, quorum 3 vel 4 ad spiram videntur, decussatis; instriis exilibus spiralibus tersectionibus tuberculatis spira apice acuta anfr. 8 vel 9, convexis, sutura parum impressa coniea apertura elon:

RICINULA JUGOSA.

R.
:

albo-fasciata

labio supra conlabro a rugia spiralihus pectinate, intus plicato canali subelongata. Div. C5 sparse rugosa et granulata long. 23'".9; lat. 11'".9. TRITON FUSOIDES. T. t. gracili, ovato-fusiformi albida, fusco tincta,

gata

<MV;I, infia

costis distantibus, angustis, elevatis, 9 ad singulos anfr., albo fa^ciata decussatis a lineis elevatis spiralibus exilibus, alt'-mis inajoribus, apice acuta: spira coniea anfr. 8, convexis, sutura impressa apertura elonlat. 7"'.l. long. 19'".3 gata: canali brevi. Div. 35
: : : ;

sub-eloiigata, fusiformi : alba, maculis rubro-fuscis, plerumque in seriebus tribus spiralibus dispositis : costis subangiistis elevatis, circa 10 ad singulos anfr., qiiarum nonnullae varices simulantur,

Fusus BELLUS.

F.

t.

et lineis elevatis spiralibus, intersectionibua nodulosis, et striis spiralibus apice acuta: spira coniea; anfr. 7, perconvexis, sutura parum impressa.

apertura elongata
lat.

5 '".2

canali lata, subelongata. 5"'.G. spirae long.

:

Div.

50;

long. 11 '".'2;

308
CAXCELLARIA AFFINIS.
unifasciatci vol bifasciata
;

Panama
C.
t.

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.
:

ovato-fusiformi

fusca,

interdum albo

rugis transversis angustis, elevatis, inequidislineis elevatis spiralibiis tantibus, circa 30 ad singulos anfr. pluriinis, quarum 5 ad spirain videntur apice subacuta spira conica anfr. 6,
;
:

apertura semiobovata, intus ad dextram partein carinis acutis instructa labro acuto, pectinate columella valida, triplicata, plica superiore magna larnellifonne, inferiore parva et perobliqua : Div. 68 flong. 26'".7 canali brevi. hit. 16"'.o"; spine long. 11 '"A.
: :
:
;

sutura subcaniculata

CANCELLARIA PYGM.EA.

C.

t.

subovata, brevi

atrofusco irregulariter radiata,

punctis atrofuscis ad

pallide cerina, supra costas dispositis

:

costis elevatis, angustis, ad anfr. ultimum 9, supra crebris, pluriinis, ad angulum anfr. majoribus ; lineis elevatis, spiralibiis, ad intersectiones

majoribus striis spiralibiis exilissimis apice subacuta: spira conica; anfr. 5, acute angulatis, supra late concavis, sutura conspicua apertura columella biplicata umbilico angusto, protriangulari, infra effusa
: :
: : :

fundo.

Div.

100;

PLEUROTOMA ATRIOR.

lat. 6'". 3 long. 8'".4 spirse long. 3'".8. P. t. subfusiformi aterriina, fascia
; ; : ;

pallida

supra suturam granulis in seric spirali dispositis supra inedios anfr. carinata; anfr. ultimo carinis tribus alteris spiralibiis instructo apice peracuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 11, angulatis, infra concava, sutura i n con:

spicua

apertura elongata
;

38:

long. 20"'.3

lat.

7"'.l

sinu subprofundo: canali brevi, lata. spirze long. 12'".7.

;

Div.

PLEUROTOMA CONCINNA.
:

P.

t.

fusiform

albida, rubro-fusco tincta

costis parvis, crebris, plurimis, prope labruru obsoletis, et striis spiralibiis anfr. 8, mediis crebris, supra exilioribus apice acuta spira conoidea
: :

angulatis, sutura parum impressa apertura lineari : labro valdc incrassinu profundo, suturaj approximato canali brevissima. sato Div. 43 :
: : :

long. 10'".7;

lat,

4'".3

spira) long. 4'".6.

:

PLEUROTOMA EXIGUA. P. t. gracili pallide flava, lineis fuscis spiralibus, exilibus, plerumque geminatis rugis transversis obtusis distantibus, 6 vel 7 ad singulos anfr., infra obsoletis apice acuta spira conoidea anfr. G, convexis, sutura impressa: labro acuto, a apertura angusta ruga ultima firmata: sinu profundo, sutura approximato: canali brevis: : :

sima,

Div.

34;

long. 4"'.5;

lat.

l'".of spira long. 2'".5.

:

fusca, pallide elongata, subfusiformi maculata plicis transversis et spiralibiis, creberrimis, parvis, intersectionibus valde nodulosis apice acuta spira conoidea anfr. 8, subconvexis, sutura baud multum impressa: apertura angusta: sinu parvo labro incrassato: canali brevissima. Div. 33 lat. 2'"; long. 5"'.C spiree long. 3"'.5G.
t.
: :
:

PLEUROTOMA GEMMULOSA.

P.

PLEUROTOMA GRANDIMACULATA.
striis

P.

t.

elongata, ovato-pyramidata

nigra, maculis (ad tuberculas) albidis

rali

magnis

spiralibis, exilissimis, infra obsoletis; infra altera, tuberculata ; anfr. ultimo carinis 4 vel 5 alteris instructo apice acuta: spira conica: anfr. 10, sutura inconspicua apertura subangusta : labro subincrassato sinu subprofundo : labio incras;
: : :

in serie spirali dispositis : carina, spirali acuta infrasutu-

SYNOPSIS.
sato
:

Panama
Div.

Shells.
long. 24"'.l

309
;

canali brevissima,

38;
:

lat.

8'".9

spira;

long. 15'".7.

PLEUROTOMA
exile fasciata
;

STRIOSA.
striis

P.

t.

gracili

subalbida, ad anfr. iiltimum fusco

spiralibus creberrimis; costis exilibus, 10 usque ad 12 ad singulos anfr.: apice acuta; spira subconica : anfr. 8, convexis, sutura parum impiessa apertura subangusta labro subaeuto, a costa
:

ultima tirmato

canali brevissima.

Div. 33

long. 7'". 6;

lat.

2'". 5

spine long. 5"'.l.

MAXGELIA NEGLECTA.
curvatis, elevatis, 8 vel meclios anfr., ad anfr.

M.

t.

subfusiformi
ant'r.,
;

pallide fusco-rubra
et linea

costi*

ad singulos

elevata spirali ad
:

ultimum obsoleta
:
:

acuta

spira conoidea

infra spiraliter striata: apice anfr. 7, subconvexis, sutura conspicua apertura

subangusta: labro valde incrassato

Div. 40
;

long. 5"'.l

lat.

1'".8

sinu angusto canali brevissima. spira long. 2"'.8.

: :

CERITHIUM ASSIMILATUM.
nas albo lineatiin mueulata
:

C.

t.

pnvlonga, conica

atro-rubra, ad cari-

cariuis spiralibus, tribus, perelevatis, compressis, acutis, et carina altera simili ad anfr. ultimi peripberiam, et infra carina quinta minori lineis elevatis transversis, inter carinas, exilissi;

rnis

apice acuta
;

spira conica: anfr. 10 usque ad 18, planulatis, sutura

inconspicua

anfr.

ultimo brevissimo
Div.

apertura ovata
lat.

labro pectinate:
sv.ira)

canali lata, brevissima. 4"'.S.

18;

long. o'".8;

1'".5;

long.

fuscata

C. t. elongata, conica cerina, supia carinis spiralibus duobus, sutura1 approximatis et linea elevata ad medios anfr. ; rugis parvis transversis, 18 ad singulos anfr.; intersectionibus valde nodulatis anfr. ultimi infta hvvi carinata
: :

CERITHIUM BIMARGINATUM.

peripheria apice acuta: spira conica: anfr. 13, concavis, sutura irapressa; anfr. ultimo angulato, infra concavo apertura subquadrata columella sjn'rali; ;

ter uniplicata : canali brevi, recurva. spine long. 3'". 5.

Div. 20

long. 4"'. 4

lat.

1'".4;

CEIUTHIUM FAMKLICUM. C. t. elongata, ovato-conica sordido albida, fusco irregulariter niaculata, maculis albo spiraliter exile linvato vel rarina angusta linen fuscis et albis alternis crebris spiralibus ornata spirali ad medios anfr., et rugis transversis, iotersectionibus elevatis
: ;
:

acutis

infra rugis

striata:

duobus spiralibus granulosis instructPi exilo creberrime anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura apice acuta: spira subconoidea
;
:

anfr. ultimo brevi, gibboso, infra concavo paruin impressa apertura magno labio supra transversim uniplicato canali brevi, obliqua. Div. lat. 12'".7 33 long. 28'".7 spira long. 19"'.l. CERITHIUM NEGLECTUM. C. t. elongata ovato-conica atro-rubra, ad apicem alba carinis spiralibus elevatis tribus, et rugis transversis elevatis, ad anfr. ultitnuru 16 usque ad 18, et minoribus, infra obsoletis intersecinfra spiraliter bimgata : tionibus valde nodulatis spira apice acuta anfr. 10, subconvexis, sutura inconspicua canali brevissima, conoidea lat. 1'" profunde emargiuata. Div. 20 ; long. 3'". 2 spini'
;
: :

CERITHIUM

PAUPERCULUM.

C.

t.

gracili

pallide cornea

spiraliter

310
;

Panama

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.
;

multicarinata intersectiosupra rugis transversis, infra evanescentibus nibus subgranulatis apice acuta spira subconoidea: anfr. 8, subconvexis, sutura parum compressa; anfr. ultimo subelongato apertura elongata,
:
: :

supra acuminata
spine long. 2 '".3.

canali brevissima.

Div. 18

long. 3'". 3

lat.

1'"

CERITHIUM PULCHRUM.

C.

t.

subelongata, subconica
:

aterrime fusco-

costis angustis rnbro, linea spiral! flavo-alba ad medios anfr. ornata variciacutis, ad singulos anfr. 40, ad anfr. ultiinum medium truncatis bus robustis, 240 dislantibus ; carina spirali, supra medios anfr.,
;

angusta, acuta spiraliter striata 11, sutura profunda: apertura

:

sinuata: labro crasso. 20'".8.

Div. 33

anfr. apice acuta spira subconoidea ruagna, supra effusa, infra anguste long. 31'". 8 lat. 16'".5 spira long.
: :

CERITHIUM REEVIANUM. C. t. subconica : rubro-fusca, linea spirali flavo-alba ad medios anfr. et altera anterior! ornata ; costis summis pallide llavis varicibus nullis costis elevatis, 24 ad singulos anfr., infra evanes: ;

apice acuta spira subconoidea anfr. convexis, sutura impressa apertura magna, supra effusa, infra anguste sinuata: labro crasso. Div. 28; long. 39"'.4;lat. 16'".7; spira long. 20 '".4.
;

centibus
1

infra spiraliter striata

:

5,

CERITHIUM VALIDUM. C. t. conica rubro-fusca, linea pallid a ad medios anfr. ornata varicibus rufis, interdum albidis apertura alba ; rugis transversis, arcuatis elevatis, 20 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi
: ; ;

distantibus carinis spiralibus 5 peripheriain truncatis; varicibus 270 vel 6 anfr. 12, conspiraliter striata apice acuta spira subconoidea anfr. ultimo brevissimo vexis, sutura impressa apertura infra effusa :
; ;
: : :

labro incrassato.

Div.

32;
T.

long. 40'".6

lat.

19"'.l

spira long.

29'".2.

TRIPHOBIB ALTERNATUS.
albido fasciata
:

t.

sinistrorsa, conica

atro-rubra, infra

carinis spiralibus
;

intermedia minore

duobus suturse approximatis, et tertia rugis transversis, 25 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi
;
:

peripheriam truncatis intersectionibus valde nodulatis apice acutissima ; anfractu spira subconoidea anfr. 12, subplanulatis sutura inconspicna ultimo brevi, infra concava canali brevi, profunda. apertura rhombica Div. 30 lat. 1'".5 long. 5"'.l spine long. 3'".9.
:

atrot. sinistrorsa, ovato-fusiformi carinis spiralibus tribus, nodulosis, et infra alteris 3 rubra, cinerascente vel 4 subnodulosis ; rugis transversis, 20 ad singulos anfr, apice acutissima spira conoidea anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura inconspicua apertura supra sinuata canali brevi, profunda. Div. 22 ; long. 4 '".2 ;
T.
:
:

TKIPHORIS INCONSPICUUS.

lat.

carinis spiralibus t. conicu : atro-rubra tribus perelevatis compressis ; rugis transversis, 16 ad singulos anfr.; infra laevi apice acuta spira subconica anfr. 16, subplanulatis, sutura inconspicua ; anfr. ultimo brevissimo labro pectinato canali brevissima.
: : : : : :

1'".4; spira long. 3'".3. TRIPIIORIS INFUEQUENS. T.

Div. 20

long. 3'".3

lat.

l'".l
t.

spine long. 2'".7.

gracili,

CfficuM DIMINUTUM.
.inniilis

C.

arcuata,

baud

tereti

albida

17, robustis, subdistantibus,

ad

summam

partem

planulatis, et

SYNOPSIS.

Panama

Shells.

311

annulis 10, minoribus, minus elevatis apice lateral!, haud prominente. Long. l'".5 lat. 0"'.4G. eburnea : C. t. arcuata, subgracili, vix tcreti CCEOUM ERURNEUM. annulis 33, latis, approximatis, ad summam partcm plauulatis superioribus 4 usque ad 10, interdum inferioribus 2 vel 3 magis elevatis ot minus approximatis apice prominente. Long. 2'". 3 lat. 0"'.G3.
: ; :

CCECUM FIRMATUM.
25, robustis,
latis,

C.

t.

robusta, arcuata, tcreti

eburnea,

annulis
:

baud multum CCECUM L.EVE.

subdistantibus, ad summam partem planulatis lat. 0"'.7G. prominente. Long. 2'".3

;

apice

C.

t.

arcuata, valida, vix tereti

;

albida

Isevi,

nitente

Long. 2'" lat. 0'". 68. Var. (?) minus ; t. gracili, Long. 1'".57 lat. 0'".51. apice minus prominente. CCECUM LAQUEATUM. C. t. subarcuata, gracili, tereti albida longisulcis haud profundis, 20 tudinaliter sulcata apice lateral!, parum
apice prominente.
;
: : : ;

prominente.

Long. 2'".8

lat.

0"'.7l.
t.
:

arcuata, supra gracili, infra robusta ad superam partem annulis 18, validis, approximatis, ad summam partem planulatis instructs, ad inferam partem annulis 12, robustis, elevatis, parum approximatis Long. 2'". 3 lat. apice prominente. lat. infra 0"'.7G. supra 0'".46 albida annulis C. t. arcuata, gracili, vix tereti CCECUM PARVUM.

CCECUM MONSTROSUM.
:

C.

eburnea

15, acutis, distantibus,

;

baud multum

elevatis

apice laterali, prominente.

Long. 1"'.65 lat. 0'".48. CCECUM PYGM/EUM. C. t. arcuata, gracili, vix tereti albida annulis 23, angustis, prominentibus, ad summam partem planulatis apice laterali, prominente. Long. l'".5; lat. 0'". 46. CHEMNITZIA ACULEUS. C. t. gracillima, conica alba costis obtusis, 17 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultiini peripberiam truncatis spira conica anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura, impressa apertura subovata labro tenui Div. 13 coluruella vix arcuata umbilico nullo. long. 4'".5 lat. 1'"
:

3"'.<5. spiral loiag.

obliquis,

sordide albida CKEXNITZIA ACUMIXATA. C. t. subconica costis 16 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truncatis
:

spira subconica: anfr. 8, supra acuto angulatis,

preiivinda
;

anfr.

ultimo elongate

acuta

labro tenui: umbilico nullo.

apertura Div. 23; long. 2'".8;

:

convexis, sutura, subovata, supra et infra.

parum

lat,

1'".]

spine long. 1'".8. CHEMNITZIA AFFINIS.

C.

t.

conica

flava

costis gracilibus,

24 ad

singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripberiam truncatis: infra Isevissima : spira subconica: anfr. 10, subconvexis, sutura impressa: apertura subo-

vata: labro tenui: umbilico nullo. spine long 4"'.l. CHEMNITZIA CLATHRATULA. C.
costis

Div. 18

long. 5"'.3

lat.

1"'.4;
albida:

t.

ovato-conica, pnelonga
anfr. ultimi

minimis, 36 ad singulos
:

anfr.,

ad

peripberiam obsoletis,
:

minutissima

decussatis a lineis elevatis spiralibus, 5 vel 6 suprasuturalibus, apice spira subconica : anfr. 8, ad summam partem plus minusve

;12

Panama

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.

subovata
spira

anfr. ultimo regulariter rotundato : apertura angulatis, sutura impressa ; Div. 16 : long. 3"'.3 ; lat. 1'" ; labro tcnui : uinbilico nullo. long. 2 '".5.
:

C. t. subconica: sordide alba: rugis 22 ad anfr. penultimum, ad anfr. ultimum pluribus, infra 4 vel 5 suprasiituralibus, supra minoribus letis rugis spiral ibus, anfr. 8, subconvexis, sutura impressa spira conoidea obliqua ultimo elongato apertura ovata, supra acuta, infra late effusa

CHEMXITZIA COMMUNIS.

trans-

versis,
;

obsoapice
;

antr.

labro

subteimi columella uniplicata; regione umbilicari hand multum inden2'".8. lat. l'".27 Div. 23 tata, spira; long. long. 4"'.l
:

CIIKMXITZIA GRACILIOR. 28 ad singulos gracilibus,

;
:

C.

t.

pralonga, conica
truneatis
;

pallide flava
:

costis

anfr., infra

striis

infra costas linea impressa spiral! inconspicuis anfr. 12, parum convexis, sutura impressa: apertura ovata, conica Div. 13 umbilico nullo. acuta: labro pratenui long. 1'". 8

spiralibus paucis instructa spira sub-

supra
lat.

spira long. 5"'.l. CHEMNITZIA MAJOR. C. t. conica

1'".5
;

sordide alba

costis

approximate

robustis obtusis, 24 ad singulos anfr., infra obsoletis ; striis spiralibus, antr. 15, exilissimis, creberrimis, baud costas superantibus spira conica : labro teimi : umbilico subcouvexis, sutura impressa : apertura subovata
: :

nullo.

Div. 17

long. 9"'.7

lat.
t.

2'".3

CHEMNITZIA MAIIGIXATA.
coinprt'ssis,

C.

spira long. 7'".8. sordide alba: subcylindrica

;
: :

costis

prominentibus, 11 vel 12 ad singulos anfr.; striis 5 vel 6 ad anfr. penultimum videntur apice spiralibus, exilibus, quarum anfr. ultimo anfr. 7, marginatis, subconvexis, sutura impressa obliqua labro tenui umbilico apertura parvii, ovata regulariter rotundato
validis,
:

nullo.

Div. 28

long. 2'".9;

lat.

1'".5

spira) long.
:

2'".

CHEMNITZIA PANAMENSIS. C. t. conica: albida costis obliquis, 27 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam obsoletis, infra Isevissitna anfr. 12, subconvexis, sutura impressa; anfr. ultimo spira subconica: Div. 17 umbilico nullo. labro tenui subaiiii'ulato apertura ovata
:
:

long. 5'".6

singulos

costis subobtusis, 26 ad ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam truncatis spira subconica anfr. 11, convexis, sutura valcle impressa; anfr. ultimo regulariter Div. 17 rotundato apertura subovata labro tenui umbilico nullo.
:
:

spira long. 4'".3. CHEMNITZIA SIMILIS. C. t. conica albida

;

lat.

1'".4

anfr.,

long. 4'".3;

lat.

l'".l

3'".3. spirse long.

:

flava costis exilibus, 40 ad C. t. conica CIIKMNITZIA STRIOSA. singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi peripheriam obsoletis; striis spiralibus creberrimis: spirit subconica anfr. 10, parum convexis, sutura impressa; Div. 20 umbilico nullo. ovata labro tcnui long. 5'".3 ;
:
:

:iportura
lat. 1

'".5; spira long.

4"M.
C.
t.
: :

costis gracilibus, compiv.-Ms, acutis,

albida supra conica, infra cylindracea 18 ad singulos anfr., ad anfr. ultimi unisulcata spira subconoidea peripheriam truncatis; infra spiraliter anfr. anfr. 10, supra acute angulatis, parum convexis, sutura impressa

CHEMNITZIA TUKHITA.

SYNOPSIS.
ultimo angulato 23 ; long. 4"'.T
:

Panama
apertura subovata
;
:

Shells.

313
1

hit.

1'".4

labro teniii spira long. 3'".66.

L.
t.

umbilico nullo.
'

Div

sordide alba strii? apice obtusa spiralibus, equidistantibus, profimdis spira parva, conoidea anfr. 3^, perconvexis, sutura conspicua apertura subefftisa, semiDiv. 85 elliptiea i labio recto i umbilico conspicuo, long. 3'". 3; lat. 2'".5; spine long. I" 'A. LITTORINA ATRATA. L. t. subglobosa I atro, interdum albido macU*
(?)

LITTORINA
;

ANGIOSTOMA.

subelliptica
:

lata

am

et
;

carinis spiralibus, inequalibus ; ad sum partem anfr.

mam

plerumque ad

anfr. Ultitni periphery

omnium

praeciptie

carinata

apice
t

acuta

spira parva, subconoidea

anfr. 4, subconvexis, sUtura

apertura lata, ovata; umbilico minimo.

Div. 65

impressa usque ad 00"; long.

L. t. conoidea coerlllea, fascia suV sp. ? ornata intus atro-fusca ; labro fusco et albo maculate striis nonnullis spiralibus apice subacuta spira subconoidea anfr. 6, parum convexis, sutura conspicua ; anfr. ultimo angulato coktmella haud multum dilatata. Div, apertura ovata, subeffttsa An L* parvuta Phil. ? 55 long. 6'".3 ; lat. 4'".3.
I

2"'; lat. 1'".5. LITTORINA DUBIOSA.

albida
;

Nov.

fusco-articulata

LITTORINA (?) BXCAVATA. L. t> subelliptica ; ad apicetn, ad umbilicum, et intus, atro-fusca ; ad partes ceteraa pallide cornea t lineis elevatis et etriis exilissimis spiralibtia ! apice subacuta; spira parva, conoidea:
anfr.

subovata
3'".3

anfr. ultimo ventricoso angustis, sutura conspicua apertura labro acuto colunlella dilatata., incrassata regioue umbiliumbilico parvo. Div. 90 cari profunde excavata lat. long. 4'". 3
4,
;

spira? long.
(?)

l"\
: :

L. t. globoso-conica sordide alba, fascia ornata lineis elevatis, spiralibus, nonnullis, inequidistantibus anfr 4i, subangulads, apice subacuta spira subconoidea sutura conspicua labro acutissimo t cohimelUi apertura subovata dilatata incrassata regione umbilicari profunde excavata : umbilico Div. 80 long. 4'".8 lat. 3 '".8 profundo. spirfe long. 2"'. LITIORINA (?) MEGASOMA. L. t. ovoidea, i sordide alba: earinis striis. transversis, spiralibus, parvis, 8 vel 9, 3 suprasuturalibus niagnis profundis, equidistantibus apice acuta : spira, minima, subconica anfr. anfr. ultimo magno, 3, angulatis, sutura canaliculata oblique elongate
fusca, spirali, lata,
: :
: :

LITTORINA

FOVBATA.

labro tenui : carina apertura subelliptica spirali umbilieum continente umbilico magno, profuudo. Div. 135; long. 2'".8; lat. 2'".3 spira; long. 0'".88.
: ;

RISSOA CLANDESTINA.

R.

t.

elongata,

ovato-conica

sordide

alba

18 vel 19 ad singulos anfr., ad inferam extremitatem productis: apice acuta: spira subconoidea: anfr. 7, subconvexis, sutura impressa apertura magna, utrinque subeffusa labro ad medium partem longo producto, a varice lato valdo
costis robustis, compressis, promijientibus,
: :

incrassato

umbilico nullo.
R.

Div.

30

long. 2'".9;

lat.

1"'.27

spira*

long. 1'".78.

RISSOA FIRMATA.
JULY,
1852.

t.

clongata, ovato-conica

sordide alba

costis

21

AN*. Lie. NAT. HIST.

314
robustis, prominentibus,

Panama
acuta

Shells,

SYNOPSIS,

12 ad singulos anfr., ad itoferaJn extremitatem anfr. 7, convexis, sutura spira conoidea impressa apertura subovata, utrinque eftusa : labro ad mediam partem finnato umbilico nullo. Div. 30 ; long, producto, a varice crasso
productis
:

apice

4'".7

albida : costis robnstis ? approximatis, 22 ad singulos anfr., ad inferam extremitatera minoribug productis: apice acuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 10, subconvexis ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso apertura ovata, profunde eftusa : labro infra producto, crassissimo: umbilico nullo. Div. 33; long. 1"'A ; lat. 3'"; spirse
: :

spine long. 3'".3. RISSOA FORTIS. R. t. elongata, ovato-conica

;

lat.

1"'.9

long. 4'".6.

RISSOA (?) iNCONSPicuA. R. t. ovato-conica : albida : carinis spiralibus nonnullis, infra obsoletis apice subacuta spira conoidea : anfr. 4, anfr. ultimo brevi perconvexis, sutura profunda apertura orbiculari, vix effusa: labro incrassato : umbilico minutissimo. Div. 65 long,
: :

1"'.14

lat.

RISSOA

An Cingulse species? spira long. 0'".81. INFREQUENT. R. t. prselonga, ovato-conica : albida

0'".76
;
:

costis

perobtusis, baud multum elevatis, confertim approximatis, 16 ad singulos anfractns ; striis spiralibus, nonnullis, exilissimis apice snbacuta : spira

subconica
nullo.

subangulato

anfr. ultimo elongate, ; apertura subovata, vix effusa : labro incrassato : umbilico Div. 23 ; long. 6'".1 ; lat. 1'".9 spirze long. 4'". 6.
:

anfr. 7, sutura
:

baud multum impressa

;

R. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida : infra spiraliter exile striata ; aliunde eostis exilibas ereberrimis ornata : apice acuta : anfr. 9, subconvexis, stitura parum impressa : spira snbconoidea ; aperttiia magna, infra effusa, supra profande efFusa : labro ad mediam partem producto, a varice robusto firmato : umbilico nullo. Div. 30 ; long. 2'".9. long. 4'". 8 ; lat. 1'".8 ; spir
elevatis,

RISSOA JANUS.

elongata, ovato-conica ; albida ; costis perconeavis, 14 ad singulos anfr., infra obsoletis ; carinis spiralibus, doobtis ad spiram, dtiobns alteris inferis : apice subobtusa, nitida : spira conica : anfr. 6, ad stimmara partem acute angulatis, aliunde planulatis, sutura profonda : apertura ovata : umbilico nullo. s Div. 24 ; long. 1'".5; lat. 0'".68. RJSSOA SCALARIFORMIS. R. t. elongata, orato-conica : albida : costis
t.

RISSOA KOTABILIS.
ad

R.

summam partem

validis,

anfr,

bus

acatis, eofitinuis, 11 ad singulos ascend entibas, hand superanticos-tas exilissimis, spiralibus, : apiee a^uta : gpira subconoidea : anfr. 8, convexis, sutura impressa

compressis,

prominentibtis,

striis

apertura

perobliqua,

ovata,

utrinque effosa
Div.

labro
;

subincrassato,
lat.

ad

medium partem
long. 2"'.03.

producto.

33;

long. 3'".3

1'".27; spirae

C. t. ovato-fusiformi albida : carinis iNCONgpi00A. 4 ad anfr. penultimum ; dwobus stiperioribus, minoribus, et a rugis transversis decussatis spira subapice subacuta conoidea anfr. 5, baud multum eonvexis, sutura impressa anfr. ultimo labro subtenui : regione apertura parva, ovatn, supra acuta parvo
(?)
;

CINGULA

spiralibiis,

nonnullk,

SYNOPSIS.
urabilicari

Panama

Shells.

315
;

baud multum indentata.

R.
t.

Div. 30

long. l'".6o

lat.

0'".89

spiral long. 1"'.14.

CINGULA PAUPERCULA.
fasciata
:

L-evi

apice subacuta

sutura impressa : apertura lata, umbilico minutissiuio. Div. 33;

long. 1"'.47.

conoidea sordide alba, interdura flavoanfr. 5, planulatis, spira subcouica labro hand multum incrassato ovata
:

long.

2"'.16;

lat.

l'".27

spine
4,
:

CINGULA

(?)

TEREBELLUM.

C.

t.

subcylindrica

albida

carinis

spiralibus, perelevatis, acutis, compressis, quarum 2 ad apice subacuta ; spira subconoidea : anfr. 6, parum
:

spiram videutur

convexis, sutura
:

inconspicua ; anfr. ultimo parvo apertura parva, ovata, supra acuta labro tenui : umbilico nullo. Div. 28; long. 2"'; lat. 1'"; spine
long. 1'".4.

CINGULA TURRITA. C. t. elongata, conica albida costis prominentibus, compressis, crebris, prope suturam a stria spirali suprasuturali trunanfr. 6, ad catis ; infra spiraliter striata apice acuta spira subconica
: : : : :

summam

partem acute angulatis, aliunde

: ;
;

planulatis, sutura canaliculata

:

apertura parva, ovata, vix effusa labro tenui regione umbilicari minuDiv. 30 tissime indentata. long. 2'" lat. 0'".74 ; spirse long. 0'".61. LITIOPA (?) SAXICOLA. L. t. elongata, ovata cornea, subtranspa:

spiralibus profundis equidistantibus crebris ornata : apice acuta : spira subconoidea : anfr. 5, convexis, sutura impressa : anfr. ultimo ventricoso : apertura lata, ovata, supra acuta : labro praetenui ;

rente

striis

umbilico nullo.

Div. 45

long. 3"'.56

lat.
:

1'".9

ADEORBIS

(?)

ABJECTA.

A.

t.
:

subglobosa

1'".8. ; spiras long. pallide flava, vel sordide

lineis elevatis spiralibus, et striis spiraatra, vel partim utriusque coloris libus ad partem anfr. ornata : apice subacuta : spira brevi : anfr. 3, plusve, convexis, sutura conspicua ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso :

summam

Div. 110 ; apertura effusa, semicirculari labio recto : umbilico minimo. sprne long. 1'".14. long. 2'".54; lat. 2'".29 V. t. discoidea alba carinis spiralibus, VITRINELLA CONCINNA.
: ; i :

acutis, prominentibus, quarum superior infrasuturalis est, quarum inferior umbilicaris est : transverse striata : apice minima, papillari : spira
5,

subplanulata anfr. 3^, ad summam partem planulatis, sutura profunda labro subincrassato, a carinis subpectinato apertura orbicular! lat. max. 1'".57 ; lat. min. 1"'.2S umbilico lato, profundo. Div. 175
:

alt.

0'".77.

VITRINELLA EXIGUA.

V.

t.

subdiscoidea
apice obtusa

alba

carinis spiralibus, 3,

una superiore ad
tinente
;
:

anfr. ultimi peripheriam,

:

una
:

inferiore

transverse substriata

spira convexa,
:

umbilicum conbaud raultum

;
:

elevata

anfr. 3, ad summam partem subangulatis, sutura impressa anfr. labro ultimo prope peripheriam utrinque concavo apertura orbiculari Div. subincrassato, a carinis subpectinato umbilico angusto, profundo. 170; lat. max. 1'".14; lat. min. 0'".9 alt. 0"'.53.
: ;

VITRINELLA JANUS.

V.

t.

subdiscoidea
spiraliter
:

alba
; :

carinis

spiralibus,

4, acutis, angustis ; infra exile striata ; striis a carinis interruptis

striata

aliunde
spira

transverse

apice prominente

baud multum

S16
elevata
sato, a
:

Panama
anfr. 31, sutura
:

Shells.

SYNOPSIS,
:

conspicua apertura orbiculari labro subincrasumbilico profundo. Div. 160 ; lat. max, pectinate l"'.7;lat. min. 1'".5 ; alt. 0'".76. VITRINELLA MiNUTA. V. t. discoidea sordide alba, nitida exilissirne
carinis
: : : :

transverse striata

apice obtusa

spira

parum

elevata

anfr. 3,

ad sum-

mam

partem
:

angulato umbilico subprofundo, partim obtecto. alt. 0'".43. lat, min. 0"'.9
;

subdepressis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo perdepresso, apertura magna, orbiculari : labro hand multum incrassato :
Div.

170;

lat.

max. 1'".01;

sordide alba, diapbana : V. t. discoidea infrasuturali, et carina umbilicum continente, et instructa : apice striis nonnullis exilissimis ad anfr. ultimi peripberiam,
:

VITRINELLA MODESTA.
elevata
spirali,

linea

baud prominente
;

spira convexa, hand multum elevata anfr. conspicua: apertura orbiculari: umbilico profundo. Div. max. 1"'.52 lat. min. 1'".27 alt. 0'".7.
:

3^-,

sutura
lat.

170:

VITRINELLA PANAMENSIS.

V.

t.

subdiscoidea

alba

carinis spirali-

bus, 3, superiore robusta, inferiore plerumque parva, umbilicum continente; costis arcuatis, subdistantibus apice obtusa: spira convexa, baud multum elevata: anfr. 3, sutura conspicua: apertura orbiculari: labro
:

subincrassato, a carinis subpectinato umbilico augusto, profundo. alt. 1'". lat. max. 1'".78 lat. min. 1'".52 160
:

Div.

VITRINELLA PARVA.
firmata
apice
;

V.

t.

carinis spiralibus
:

prope

subdiscoidea alba costis robustis pluribus anfr. ultimi peripheriam, utrinque una
: :

perobtusa

spira,

convexa, vix

elevata

anfr.
;

34-,

ad

summam
:

partem angulatis, sutura baud multum impressa

:
;

anfr. ultimo maximo umbilico angusto, labro baud multum incrassato apertura orbiculari lat. min. 1'" alt. 0"'.G5. lat. max. 1'".18 profundo. Div. 160 VITRINELLA PERPARVA. V. t. subdiscoidea alba carinis spiralibus, prope anfr. ultimi peripheriam utrinque una magna acuta, altera umbili: ; ; : :

cum

continente minore

transverse rugosa
;

apice obtusa
:

anfr. 3, subconvexis, sutura conspicua

anfr.

labro baud multum incrassato alt. 0"'.38. lat. min. 0"'.79 180 lat. max. 0"'.94 VITRINELLA REGULARIS. V. t. subdiscoidea albida, margaritacea stria infrasuturali una impressa ]?evi, nitida apice subacuta spira conorbiculari
; : ; ;
:

spira plana ultimo maximo apertura Div. umbilico profundo.

:
:

labro tenui vexa, sutura conspicua apertura suborbiculari umbilicari profunde indentata. Div. 120 ; lat. max. 1" '.78 ; 1'".52 alt. 1'".27.
: : ;

lat.

regione min.

VITRINELLA

SEMINUDA.
:

V.

t.

discoidea
:

alba

supra
:

exilissimo

transverse striata infra spiraliter striata spira convexa, apice obtusa anfr. ultimo subvix elevata : anfr. 3, subconvexis, sutura conspicua angulato apertura orbiculari labro tenui umbilico angusto, profundo.
; :

Div. 170

lat.

max. 1"'.57

lat.

min. 1"'.25
t.

alt.
:

0'".81.

VITRINELLA TRICARINATA.
; :

V.

subdiscoidea

alba

cariuis spirali-

stristriis transversis, nonnullis, bus, 3 irregularibus ; uwbilico spiraliter anfr. 3, subacuta : multum elevata ato haud convexa, spird, apice
:

depressis,

sutura

conspicua:

apertura orbiculari, a carinis

pectinato:

SYNOPSIS.
urabilico lato, profundo.
alt.

Panama
Div. 150
;

Shells.

317
;

lat.

max. 1"'.S3
:

lat.

min. l'".C5

0'".89.
:

.spiralibus, 3, inferiore anfr. 3, ad sum

VITRINKLLA vALVAxoiDES. V. t. discoidea albida, diaphana carinis umbilicum coutinente minore spira concava
:

subangulato 1'".91; alt.l'".

:

anfr. ultimo parteni concavis, sutura conspicua umbilico lato, profundo. Lat. max. 2"'.54; lat. min.
;

mam

TROCHUS CORONULATUS. T. t. conica, liaud multum elevata, crassa albida, flainmulis latis obliquis rubro-fuscis ornata, ad nodulos rubella lineis spiralibus elevatis exile undulatis infra, lineis 4 vel 5 majoribus
;

nodulosis ad anfr. ultiuii periplieriam, et nodulis majoribus infra suturam instructa anfr. 6, planulatis apice subacuta sutura valde canaliculata : apertura suborbiculari columella bidentata : umbilico magno, profundo. Div. 90; long. 1-4'"; lat. max. 18'". 2 lat. min. 15'".2.
oari-ais spiralibus
: :
: ;

TROCHUS LEANUS.
flavido tincta
;

T.

t.

conica, procera
latis

fusca

pallida,
;

rubro vel
infra lineis

ilammulis obliquis

atro-fuscis
:

ornata

granulosis concavis
:

rubro et fiavo-albo articulatis, coucentricis picta lineis spiralibus elevatis apice acuta : anfr. 9, supra perconvexis, infra planulatis vel
:

labro tenui columella subrecta : apertura subquadrata Div. 60 umbilico nullo. lat. max. 11'".2 lat. min. long. 12'".2
: : ; ; ;

T. t. TURBO (?) PHASIANELLA. ovato-conoidea colore varia, plerumque rubra vel fusca, interdum unicolore, plerumque flarnmulata, striis interdum fasciata vel seriatim maculata profundis, spiralibus,
:
:

anfr. 5, convexis, sutura spira conoideii labro tenui umbilico apertura lata, ovata, subeffusu conspicua lat. 2'".4 minimo. Div. 64 long. 4"'.l spirai long. 2'".

creberrimis
:

apice subacuta

TURBO RUTILUS.
strigata
: :

T.

t.

trocliiformi, elevata

rutila, pallide transverse

spirse rugis plurimis parvis obliquis subnodulosis, a sulcis parvis spiralibus intersectis ; infra, sulcis angustis profundis concentricis 6 vel

sutura conspicua 8 spira subconoidea anfractibus planulatis anfr. ultimo angulato, anterius subplanulato labio expanse, appresso, calloso : Div. 70; long. 63'".5 lat. max. 76'".2 umbilico nullo. lat. min.
: ; :
:

68'".6.

EULIMA IOTA. E. t. subulata linea microscopic^, laevi, nitente supra lineam lactea, infra lineam diaphana apice subacuta impressa anfr. 10, subconvexis, sutura conspicua spira valde arcuata apertura labro ad mediam partem porrecto. subeffusa Div. 20 ovata, parva, long. 2'" lat. 0"'.7G spirie long. 1'".5.
: :

et altera,

E. t. elongata, ovato-conica albida, fascia una opaca diaphana infrasuturalibus ornata ad labrum et ad gradus ,-etatis fusco exile bimaculata: laevi, nitente, striis nonnullis gradus ji'tatis monstrantibus apice acutissima spiru recta, conica anfr. ll,subplanu: ; :

EULIMA RECTA.

latis,

sutura inconspicua anfr. ultimo elongate: apertura angusta, suj>ri columella robusta, subrecta. acutissima: labro acuto Div. 21 long. 10'".3 lat. 2'".54 spirae long. 7'".24.
; : ;
;

818
EULIMA SOLITARIA.
:

Panama
nitente

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.

E. t. elongata, ovato-conica : albida, supra fusco apice acuta spira baud multum arcuata, subconica: anfr. 11, planulatis, sutura inconspicua apertura ovata, supra acuta labro acuto, ad mediam partem produeto : columella robusta,
tincta
laevi,
:

subarcuata,
Stylifer
?

Div. 23

long. 4"'.8

lat.

1'".4

spirae long. 3'".56.

An

fusca, linea pallida suprasuturali

elongata, conica : supra albida, infri Isevi, uitida : apice acutissima spini conica: anfr. 14, planulatis, sutura anguste canaliculata anfr. ultimo fingulato apertura obliqua : labro tenui : columella triplicata plica una
t.
:
: ; : ;

PYRAMIDELLA CONICA.

P.

lamelliformi, plicis 9"'.65. spir.ne long.

duobus

parvis.

Div. 23

long. 14"'J>

lat.

4'".45

PEDIPES AXGULATA.

P.

t.

ovato-globosa

fusco-rubra, apertura alba

crassa, lineis elevatis spiralibus rngosis creberrimis inequalibus, mos anfr. exilioribus : apice subacuta : spira conoidea : anfr. 4,

ad sum-ultimo

ad sum mam partem concavis, ad suturam imbricatis

angulatis,

anfr.

magno,

ventricoso, subangulato : apertura subelliptica labro acutissimo, supra subsinuato, intus crassissimo, callo ad anfr. angulum intemipto, infra
:

angulum
plicis

in

dentem longe produeto

inferiore
:

transversis,

minore

maxima

instructo

umbilico millo.

columella crassa, plana, biplicata : labio plica spirali lamelliformi Div. 90 ; long. 6"'.35 ; lat. 4'".8 ;

spira3 long. 2 '".5.

t. ellipsoidea : atro-fusca, ad anfr. ultimi linea pallide flava ornata ; plicis et callo albis l;cvi, nitida: apice acuta : spira conoidea ; anfr. 5, convexis, irnbricatis, sutura parum impressa : apertura angusta, supra acutissima, a contracta : labro acuto, intus a callo crasso firmato : plicis 3, inferiplicis

AURICULA CONCINNA.
:

A.

peripheriam pallida

et infra

ore

rugosa.

perobliqua, superiore maxima, infra eoncava, supra dilatata Div. 80 long. 8"'.l lat. 5"'.l ; spir long. 2'".3.
; ; :

ct

AURICULA INFREQUENS.
suturali
anfr. 6,
striis

partem subangulatis, sutura profunda anfr. ultimo apertura subelliptica : labro tenuissimo plicis duobus, una inferiore obliqmi, alterii transversa. Div. 80 long. 5'".8 ; lat. 3'". 8 ;
;

ad

summam

A. t. ellipsoidea : fusca, fascia pallida infmtransversis exilibus : apice acuta : spira subconoidea :
:

compresso

spine long. 2'".5.

AURICULA PANAMENSIS.
internis albis
:

A.

t.

elongata, ovata:

atro-rubra,

plicis

spiralibus prope apicem insculpta : apice acnta : spira supra conoidea, infra siibcylindracea : anfr. 8, convexis, imbricatis : apertura subelongata, acnta : labro intus incrmi vel
l.ievi,

nitida,

stviis

Div. 50; long. 11 '".1 ; lat. 4" '.3 uniplicato: labio triplicate. spira> 9"'.3; 5".l; 3"'.3. long. 5'".8; testae alterius, 65 AURICULA TADOGENSIS. A. t. obovata aterrimo fnsco-rubra, coln; ; :

mella rufa, plicis et callo albis lo:vi, nitida, supra exile spiraliter striata : apice acuta: spira conoidea: anfr. 10, imbricatis, sutura conspicua anfr. ultimo maximo apertura prailonga, angusta, callo ad dextram
: ;
:

partem transverse rugoso

plicis 3,

ad sinistram partem, superiore baud

SYNOPSIS.

Panama

Shells.

319

Div. 100 ; long. majore, duobus alteris a sinu disjunctis. 9"'.l spirae long. 3'".8. AURICULA TRILINEATA. A. t. obovata : fusco-rubra, lineis albis tribus columella rufa striis transversis inequalibus spira spiral (bus ornata anfr. minima, conoidea : anfr. angustis, imbricatis, sutura conspicua ultimo maximo : apertura prselonga, angusta : labro intus calloso et

multum
15'";

lat,

infra ad columellam plica una torta, supra bane transverse plicato altera transversa magna (his a sinu disjunctis), supra 4 parvis transverDiv. 135; long. 18'": lat. 10'".9 sis spirre long. approximatis.
: ;

1'".3.

TUUNCATKLLA BxiRDiANA.

A.

t.

cyliiidracea

succiuea,

aurantia

costis parvis creberrimis, post labrum obsoletis, ad anfr. penultimum 24 : apice acuta, truncata, anfr. 4 deperditis : spira subconoidea : anfr. reli-

apertura ovata, supra haud quis 4, convexis, sutura impressa Div. ad med. 22 effusa : labro reflexo, duplici : labio calloso. 3'".8. '".3 lat. 1'".9 5 spiive long. truncatae) (testae
: ;
;

multum
;

long,

TRUNCATELLA
fusca
:

(? ?)

DUBIOSA.

T.

t.

ovato-conica

diaphana, flavo-

tenui, laevi, niteitte: apice subacuta : spira subconoidea: anfr. C, convexis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo brevi, ventricoso : apertura lata,

ovata

labio infra subreflexo. labro tenui 1'".4; spirae long. 1'".14.

: :

Div. 45

long. 2'".8

lat.

BULLA INFREQUENS. B. t. cylindracea : alba: laevi: apice minutissima, prominente, papillari : spira elevata, convexa : anfr. 4 J, ad summam partem acute angulatis, sutura canaliculata apertura praBlonga, columella in plicam spiralem robustam angustA ; labro tenuissimo lat. 2'".8 Div. 130 desinente. spine long. 0'".76. long. 7"'.l
: : ; ; ;

subcylindracea, infra latiore : diapbana, pallide cornea : striis transversis exilissimis : spira umbilicata, a labro partim tecta : anfr. ultimo constricto : apertura supra spiram producta, lineari, infra suborbicuiari : labro tenuissimo : columella callosa :
t.

BULLA LUTICOLA.

B.

supra

infra regione umbilicari indcntata. Long. o"'.l ; lat. 2'". 4. STOMATELLA INFLATA. S. t. oblique elliptica : alba, infra crassa et supra tenui et diaphana: striis transversis inequalibus exilissimis;

opaca,

striis spiralibus nullis : apice minima, obtusa, prominente : anfr. 2, perconvexis, sutura impressa ; anfr. ultimo ventricoso : apertura contracta, columellam usque ad apicem monstrante : labio profunde arcuato.

Long, (oblique) 11"'.4; lat. 7'".9. CALYI-TR^A ABERRANS. C. t. subconcava

striis

papyratia, margaritaceS.

transversis exilibus inequalibus : apice minima, subterminali : cyatho tenuissimo, angusto, concavo, trausverso, sub apice. Long. 17'".8 ; lat. 15"'.G.

CALYPTR^EA (SYPHOPATELLA) Asi'EKSA.

C.

t.

couica

tenui: sordidc:

vel subfusco-albida, maculis pluribus rubro-fuscis irregulariter aspersa rucjis brevissimis minimis inequalibus minime elevatis : apice acuta, central i
:

lamina
lata,
alt.

replicata,

plica

mante, 14'";

per 240 5'".23.

revolvente

ad latus interius appressa et tubum forlimbo tenuissimo, acuto. Diarn.

:

320
CALYPTR.EA PLANULATA.

Panama

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.
:

striis

C. t. plana, suborbiculari : tenui nivea : radiantibus, exilissimis, prope apicem obsoletis apice subcentrali, acuta, hand multiim elevata cyatho libero, angulis aeutis, tenui, per 220 arcuato limbo tenuissimo. Long. 8"'.l lat. 8'".9.
: :
:

CALYPTR.EA (SYPHOPATELLA) REGULARIS. C. t. conica subincrassata nivea, prope apicem subfusco tincta striis concentricis, esilissimia,
:
: :

leviter impressis

nitida

tubum parvum formante, per

ducta: limbo acuto.

apice subaeuta, subcentrali : lamina replicata, anfr. unum volvente, ad limbuni proDiam. 32'". 2 ult. 14-"'.
:

CREPIDULA CERITHICOLA. C. t. ovata, convexa postea albida, duobus latis fusco-rubris anterius diapbana, pallide fusco-rubra,
: ;

radiis

fuscolate

rubro radiata
terrninali
:

interdum subunicolore septo albo Irevi septo ad sinistram partem anguste siimato, ad
; ; : :

apice acuta,

mediam
;

dextram baud sinuato. Long. 5'". 84; lat. 3'". 56 sin. l'".78. CREPIDULA NIVEA. C. t. ovato-elliptica s\ibincrassata intus nivea, extus sordide alba irregulariter concentrice plus minusve rugosa, concentrice conspicue striata apice dextrorsum deflecta, subprominente, marginal! septo longitudinaliter subangulato, ad sinistram profunde et ad dextram baud profunde sinuato limbo crasso, crebre striato. Long.
sinuato, ad
:
:

35"'.5;

lat.

25.4;

alt.

10"'.l.
:

CREPIDULA OSCULANS.
phana
minali,
:

C. t. elliptica : tenui pallide cornea, diarugis minimis concentricis et radiatis decussata apiee subter; ;

multum prominente, baud marginal! nucleo nitente, transparente, dextrorsum vix deflecto septo juxta limbum affixo, minimo, linea? curvatse forma: limbo tenuissimo. Long 3'". 56 lat. 2'". 55 lat.
:
;

1'".02.
C. t. maximc convexa, subelliptica lividorugis inequalibus hand prominentibus radiatis et concentricis : apice acutissima, maxime prominente, rostriformi, a limbo multum disjuncta, dextrorsum vix deflecto: septo profunde affixo, planulato, plerum-

CREPIDULA ROSTRATA.
:

fusca

que

declivi

limbo tenui, contorto.

Long.

12'".2

lat.

7'". 6

alt.

7'".37.

FISSURELLA ALTA. C. t. subconica, alta : sordid 6 alba, radiis latis atro-cinereis picta : costis radiatis, alternis majoribus rugis concentricis fissura parva, ovato-elliptica : limbo pecticrebris : apice subanteriore
; :

nate.

Long. 10'".67
TENUIS.

lat.
t.

7'".36

alt.
:

5'".6.

ANOMIA

A.

orbiculari

planata,

teniiissima

alba, sul>-

transparente, margaritacea : cicatricibus infra sinuata

;

cicatrice

superiore
inferioribas

magna,
parvis,

subcirculari, eircularibus,

duobus

anterior prope superioris sinuui posita equalibus, approximatis, quaruin mediae anterioris cxequante. Diam. 33'". est posterioris vertice parti CHAMA BUDDIANA. C. t. orbiculari vel subtriangulari : extus, et intus ad limbum, purpureo-rubra, spinis albis striis radiantibus interrupts; valva superiore spinis brevibus crassis triangularibus fornicatis ornata ;
; :

valva inferiore quoad f vel ^ ad rupera affixa, aliter spinis dentiformibus limbis exile et profunde crenulatis : apicibus submarginalibus. ornata Diam. 76'".
;

SYNOPSIS.

Panama
A.
t.

Shells.

321
:

A no A
clatbrata

PHOLADIFORMIS.
;

pboladiformi, vix biante

albida: exile

intersectionibus nodosis, infra striosis : umbonibus planulatis, apirugis radiantibus ad angulum divaricatis postice valde angulatis dentibus limbis exile cremulatis cibus parvis : area ligament! lineari
:

ad mediara scriem

obsoletis.

Long. 31'".7

alt.

13'". 4

lat.

12'".2.
;

ARCA

SIMILIS.

A.

t.

margine inferior! subrecta : margmibus alba epidermide virescente-fusca in aetate gine dorsali vix obliqua costis 40-44, posterioribus majoribus juniori, nigro-fusca in ictate adulta et acute augulatis umbonibus prominentibus, planulatis, baud angulatis area ligament! angusta, depressa; marginibus intus a costis pectinaA. tuberculoses Sowb. similis. Long. 55'".9 ; tis; dentibus parvis.
; :

subelliptica, inequilateral]', subauriculata antice et postice rotundatis

:

mar-

alt.

33'";

lat.

27"'.9.
t. margine subelongata, subinequilaterali hiante, subrecta margine posteriori subrecta, albida ; epidermide atro-fusca : anterior! rotundata
:

AUCA TABOGENSIS.
int'eriori
;

A.

baud multum

margine obliqua costis radiantibus plurimis, perangustis, inequalibus rugis concentrieis umbonibus planulatis, area ligament! angusta, anterius latiobsoletis limbis exile et inequaliter crenulatis: dentibus ad mediam seriem ore
:

parvis:
lat.

epidermide subpilosa vel lamellosa.

C.
t.

Long. 33'"

alt.

21'".6

16"'.5.

CVTHEREA CONSANGUINEA.
pallide straminea,

obovata, subcordata, infra rotundata:

:

angustis, irregulariter interruptis, ad nitida apicibus approximatis, promilunula. cordiformi, nentibus: area posteriori distincta, elongata, striata limbis baud crenulatis. striata Long. 31'''.Y alt. 2o'".4 lat. 17'".3.
racliis flavo-fuscis,
:

marginem baud productis

:

Isevi,

rotundata vane colorata, albida, vel pallide fusca, apicibus plurium rubro tinctis fusco interdum radiatim vel rariiis concentrice lineata rugis concentrieis crassis 8

GOULDIA PACIFICA.

G.

t.

subtriangulari, infr
:

usque ad 12
matis
lat.
:

interdum radiatim
:

striata

lunula distincta

limbis

baud

apicibus acutissimi* perapproxicrenulatis. Long. 5"'.G alt. 4'". 8 ;

: ;

2'".3.

CYRENA MARITIMA.
subtentii
trice
:

C. t. subtriangulari, infra rotundata, vontricosa, albida, postice violacea epidermide olivacea, aspere concen:
:

posterius biangulatis, angulo tertio limbis lunula lata, profunda intermedio obsolete ligamento maguo alt. 57'".! ; lat. dentibus omnibus magnis. tenuibus Long. 08'". 6
striata
inflatis,
:

umbonibus

49'".6.

DONAX ROSTRATUS. D. t. elongata, inequilateral!, antice rostrata, margine ventral! ad mediam rotundata, antice supra carinam concava recta margine anterior! perobliqua, subrecta purpureo et sordido flavo zonata supra et posterius Icevi nitida; ad mediam striis exilibns (iistanti:
:

bus radiata;
prominulis
crenulatis
:
:

29'".2

lat.

anterius profuinlius et crebrius striata: apicil>us parvis, carinatis limbis anterius ct infra alt. dentibus lateralibus utrinque magnis. Long. 40"'. 6 20'".2.

umbonibus antice acute

TKLLINA COGNATA.

T.

t.

subelliptica, solida, convexa, subequilaterali

822
margine margine
ventrali

Panama
subrotundata
antice
;

Shells.
anteriore
late

SYNOPSIS.
rotundata
:

margine
:

subrecta, declivi, postice subconeava, declivi ; flexura parva alba, rubro vel parte postica oblique et late truncata fusco tincta striis exilissimis inequalibus radiata ; striis exilibus sub: :

dorsali

obliquis crebris, postice deficientibus

bus lateralibus
vix majore

obsoletis.

ligamento brevi, conspicua Long. 44'".5 alt. 31" '.2 lat. 12'". 7.
; ;
;

denti-

TELLINA CONCINNA.
;

T.

t.

subelliptica, tenui, convex^,, parte antica

;

data
cata

terius
:

margine ventrali subrotundata raargine antica late rotunmargine dorsali anterius vix excurvata, hand ruultum declivi, possubrecta, paululum declivi parte postica suboblique latius trunflexura parva striis nitida,, nivea, ad inediam partem rubella
; :

concentricis inequalibus exilibus, posticis majoribus striis radiantibus inequalibus exilissimis: ligamento brevi, conspicuo: dentibus lateralibus obsoletis. Long. 40"'.6 alt. 25'" lat. 12'".
; ; ;

elongata, subsolida, convexa, subinequilaterali margine ventrali vix excurvata, postice recta margine antica late rotundata margine dorsali antice vix excurvata, postice recta, perdeclivi flexura parva alba, prope marginem parte postica acuminata
t.
;

TELLINA PUELLA.
;

T.

rubro tincta
microscopicis

nitida

striis

concentricis exilissimis
:

ligamento parvo

striis radiantibus ; dentibus lateralibus conspicuis. Long.

22"'.8;alt. 12"'.4;lat. 7"'.l.

TELLINA SILIQUA. T. t. elongata, subelliptica, tenuissima, inflata, perinequilaterali margine ventrali subrecta ; margine antica rotundata ; margine dorsali antice vix excurvata, subdeclivi, postice recta vel con;

cava, declivi
striis

; parte postica anguste subtruncata : flexura magna nivea : concentricis exilissimis : apicibus acutis : ligamento parvo : dentibus cardinalibus parvis, lateralibus obsoletis. Long. 17"'.S; alt. 10'". 1 ;
:

lat.

7"'.C.

TELLIXA SIMULANS.
laterali
;

T.

t.

subovata,

solida,
:

subconvexa,

subinequi; ;

margine ventrali vix excurvata

:

margine antica rotundata

margine dorsali antice vix excurvata, postice subrecta, declivi parte flexura parva alba, ad raediam partem roseo postica oblique truncata
:

tincta

nitida

sulcis concentricis
:

crebris, regularibus, profundis, antice

:

et postice aequalibus

ab angulo umbonali
28'".7;
laterali;
alt.

finita

ligamento brevi, conspicuo area dorsali postica dentibus lateralibus subobsoletis. Long.
:

TELL^A
curvata
;

17'".8; lat. 7"'.G. VICIXA. T. t. brevissima, subovata, solida, convexa, subequimargine ventrali rotundata, interdum prope flexuram subin-

margine antica
; ;

utrinque declivi

parte postica

interdum flavo tincta, interdum albida, lineis

purpureo
ornata
lat.
:

rotundata; margine dorsali subrecta, Hexura parva subtruncata albida, interdum rubra, creruleo tincta, vel canescente ; vel radio antico purpureis angulatis ad umbones
late
:

striis
:

mento

brevi, conspicuo

ligaprofundis concentricis crebris inequalibus dentibus lateralibus parvis. Long. 24"'.l alt.
:

19'".8;

10"'.l.
t.

PETRICOLA COGNATA. P.

pholadiformi

albida; area supera postica

SYNOPSIS.
striis

Panama

Shells.

323

exilibus aequalibus crebris radiata; area infera postica lineis elevatis a squamis forexilibus inequalibus radiata ; parte dirnidia antica costis nicatis crassis parvis instructis radiata : umbonibus subplanulatis ; limbo

Long. 23'" A alt. 10"'.7 lat. 11'".2. A. t. elliptica, vix flexuosa, inequilaterali, dorsali raarginibus alteris postice majori margine postice subconcava intus area purpurea majori rotundatis albida, prope apices purpurea prope apices Izcvi aliunde lineis exilibus concentricis et striis radiantibus
ventrali antice pectinate. AMPHIDESMA. IUCOI,OR.
; ; ; ; : :

crebris

exilissimis

parvis, prominentibus
lat.

ornata : apicibus postice microscopicis, divaricatis umbouibus convexis. Long. 21'". 6; alt. 18"'.8;
:

10"'.7.

AMPHIDESMA PROXIMTM.
laterali
;

margine

A. t. suborbiculari, subflexuosa, subinequidorsali antice concava, postice subexcurvata ; parte

;

postica subtruncata

marginibus aliunde rotundatis

nivea

epidermide

tenui, lutescente vel atro-fusca : parte media et postica lineis elevatis subdistantibus exilibus ornata ; striis exilissimis radiata : apicibus parvis ap: umbone sinistra dextra convexiore : hmula et pube

proximatis

quam
;

angustis, concavis.

elliptica, subflexuosa, inequilaterali ; margine dorsali postice subexcurvata, antice concava marginibus alteris lineis elevatis concentricis exilibus crebris et rotundatis pallido flava
; : :

Long. 45" '.8 AMPHIDESMA STRIOSUM. A. t.

alt.

40"'.l

lat.

20'".8.

apicibus parvis approximatis alt. 18'"; lat. 8'".4. Long. 20"M AMPHIDESMA TORTUOSCM. A. t. compressa, subequilaterali, supra margine dorsali postice vix excurvata, antice angulari, infra rotundata alteris rotunvix concava: angulum circa 125 continenti marginibus o o
:

striis

radiantibus creberrimis exilissimis

;

umbonibus convexis.

datis

flexura

magna

albida
:

rugis concentricis crebris, a

striis
:

radi-

umbone antibus exilissimis trajectis apicibus minimis, approximatis sinistro planato, dextro convexo : lunula et pube angustis, profundis. Long. 31'".7; alt. 28'"; lat. 8'".9. AMPHIDKSMA VENTRICOSUM A. t. suborbiculari, subequilaterali, ventricosa, flexuosa
;

margine

albida, pallido fusco zonata striis radiantibus exilissimis creberrimis

rotundatis:

dorsali utrinque subrecta; marginibus alteris : striis concentricis ina-qualibus ;

:

umbonibus perconvexis.

Long. 17"'.S;
;
:

alt.

apicibus parvis, approximatis lat. 9"'.l. 15'".7

;

ANATINA ALTA. A. t. ovata, brevi antice subnngulata et flexuosa albida, margaritacea epidermide tenui, marginibus aliunde rotundatis
:

exilissime sagrinata: apicibus parvis, prominentibus, intus post dentem cochleariforapproximatis umbonibus subconvexis mem profunde sinuata. Long. 50"'.4 alt. 34"'.3 lat. 17'".8.

fusco-lutescente:
:

elongata, ovata, perinequilaterali parte postica longiore et alteriore; margine dorsali subrecta postice rostrata; margine postica supra profunde excavata ; margine ventrali rotundata umbone dextro postice angulato apicibus inconalbida, margaritacea umbonibus subconvexis. sub;equaliter Long. 15'".2; alt. spicuis
;
;

PANDORA CORNCTA.

P.

t.

10'".7

lat.

2'".8.

POTAMOMYA

^EQUALis.

P. t subovatA, subequilaterali, subinequivalvi

324

Panama
;

Shells.

SYNOPSIS.
:

margine postica subangulata marginibus alteris rotundatis alba epidermide pallido fusco angulo umbonali posticii baud prominente
: : : : :

umbone dextro inflate apicibus parvis dentibus parvulis dente sinistra ad mediam carinata, Long. 19"'.S alt. 16"'.8; lat. 10'".7. POTAMOMYA iNFLATA. P. t. ovata, ventricosa, inequilateral!, subin;

equivalvi, postice inter angulos duos umbonales subtruncata ; margine ventrali baud multum excurvata ; margine antica rotundata : alba
:

epidermide fusco-lutescente apicibus parvis umbonibus inflatis dentibus parvis: dente sinistra ad mediam carinata. Long. 17'". 8 alt.
:
:
: ;

14'".5

lat.

8'".4.

POTAMOMYA TRIGONALIS.
subequilaterali
;

P. t solida, triangulari, subinequivalvi, margine dorsali postice subexcurvata antice angulata

; ;

; :

postice rotundata

epidermide fusco lutescente dentiangulo umbonali postico acuto apicibus magnis, prominentibus bus robustis dente siuistra ad mediam carinata. alt. Long. 24"'.l
infra subrecta
:
:

alba

20'".3

lat.

14'".2.

CORBULA RUBRA. C. t. subovata, subinequivalvi, subinequilr.terali, rufa, antice radio postice acuminata, infra arcuata, antice rotundata striis brevi albo, auterius macula atro-rubra ornata concentricis
: :

exilibus
parvis.

striis

radiantibus
;

exilissimis
;

umbonibus

iuflatis

dentibus

Long. 7'".9 alt. 4'"8 lat. 3'".5. SOLECURTUS AFFINIS. S. t. elongata, subcylindrica, utrinque rotundata alba apicibus subposticis Jignmento epidermide straminea
:

lato

nymphis
;

callosis

Long. 57'"

alt.

dentibus parvis 20'".3 lat. 14'".

:

sinistra

una

dextris duobus.

SOLEN RUDIS.
antico rotundata
lutescente,
;

S.

t.

solida,

recta

vel

subrecta
:

;
:

postice

truncata

limbis anticis crassissimis

alba

epidermide fusco
;

crassa,
:

nonnullis radiata
distantibus:

decidua, trans margines producta striis exilissimis 1 apicibus ab extremitatem anticam longitudinis totius callosis: dentibus in testis ligamento magno: nymphis

senioribus magnis.

Long. 147'"

alt.

33'"

lat.

25'".4.

INDEX
OF

FAMILIES AND GENERA.

PAGE
Adeorbis Ampliiilcama Anatiua Anomiii
Arciiius

PAGE
Ficula
Fissurellidai Fissurella

FAGS
Pectunculus Pedipesf Perna
Pctricolida:

IKi

288 294 244 254

2.VT

128 235 235

129

Fusus
Gouldia
Haliotida

Area
Artt-mis
.Inriculidtc

275 216 217 248

251 183 160 170 24!

Petriuola PholadidiB

256 207 250 286 286

301 301 250 58
137

Auricula
Jlvicii/i(la:

274 207 208 240

24'J

Hipponyx

Pholas Pinna-... Planaxia

Avicula

Lima
Lithodonuis
Liliopa
J.ittin-inidas

Pleurotoma

Potamomya
PurpuridiB

Kuccinum
Bullida:
llulla

67 214
214

Purpura
Pyraraidella

295 45 76 200
127 118
101

Littorina.

Lottia
Calyptraiidte
Calyi>trjEii

Pyrula Ranella RiciniUa Rissoa

217 219
J32

Lucina Lutmria
J\Iactrid<e

276 293
287 294

Cancellaria

177

Capsa
Cardiida:

Cardita

Cardium
Cassis

Cerithium
Clta?ni:liF

Chama
Chemiiitzia

Chiton Cingula

270 264 264 266 102 150 253 253 J64 242
181

Mactra Man^elia
Marginella
Mitridte

H8
40 42 42
251

Saxicava
Scalaria

Siphonaria Solarium
Solecurtus
fiolenidae

Mitra

Modiola Monoceros
Mulinia Mnricidts

74 293 115
121

Solen

Spondylus
Slomatella
StrombidiB
if

MH rex
MytilidtB

287 19" 239 190 300 300 300 247 216

104 Ill

Coecum
Columbella Conns
Corbuliila:

160
81 104
2!>4

Mytilus

250 251
59 200 200 204 206 254
48
104

trombus

Tcllenida;

Nassa
Nalica
Jferitidai

Tellina....

Corbula
Crassatclla

Crepidula

Cumin^ia
Cyclostomida Cyprttid* Cyprtea

297 292 225 287 212 29

3-J

Terebra
Tornatellidas

276 279 45 200

158 115 181 190

Nerita Ncrilina

Triphoris
'..iton

Nucula...Oliva Oniscia orhicula

Trockidie

Trochus Tnmcatella
Turbinella

212
130 194 160

Cyrena Cy therea

275 272
?3 277

DoHum
Donax
Erato
F.ulimidf.

Ostraida Ostrea

Ovula
Pandora
Patettidts

303 244 245 29

Turbo
TiuTitclla

reneridie

39
1

Eulima
Fasciolaria
.

198

Patella Pectenidee

129

Pvuten

295 241 241 247 247

Venus
Ptrmrtidie

Vermetus
Vitrinella
. .

269 269 216 216

184

INDEX.
Family

Cypraeidus

328
No.
58. B. distortum 59.
60.

Index.
Page

Wood,

insigne Rv.,

lugubre Ad.,

61.
62. 63.

pagodue Rv.,
piistis Desh.,

ringens Rv.,

64. 65.

sanguinolentum Duel.,

Stimpsonianum Ad.,
DOLIUM.

66.

I),

ringens Swains.,

MOXOCEROS.
67.

M. brevidentatum Wood,
cingulatuin

68.

Wood,

69. P. Carolensis Rv.,

70. 71. 72. 73.

foveolata Ad.,
kiof-quiformis Duel.,
sp. indet.,

melo Duel.,
osculans Ad.,
tecta

74.
75. 76.

Wood,
Lain.,

undata

COLUSIBELLA.
77. C.

atramentaria Sowb.,
bicanalifera Sowb.,

78. 79.
80.
81.

Boivinii Kr.,

conspicua Ad., costellata Sowb.,

82.
83. 84. 85.

diminuta Ad., dorsata Sowb.,

fluctuata Sowb.,

86.
87.

fulva Sowb., fuscata Sowb.,

gibberula Sowb.,
gracilis Ad., guttata Sowb., posted C, cribraria Sowb.

88.
89.

90.
91.

hffimastonm Sowb.,
harpiformis Sowb.,
labiosa Sowb.,

92. 93.
94. 95.

lyrata Sowb.,

major Sowb., modesta Powif,

moesta Ad.,
nigricans Sowb.,

96.
97. 98.

parra Sowb.,

Index.
RANEU.A.
No.

329

132. R. cselata
133.

Brod,,

nana Brod.,
nitida Brod., plicata Rv.,
MTJREX.

134.
135.

136.

M.dubius Sowb.,
erosus Brod., radix Gm.,
rectirostris

137. 138.

139. 140. 141.

142.

Sowb.,

rccurvirostris Brod.,

regius Wood, salebrosus King,

143.

144.

vibex Brod., vittatus Brod.,

PYRULA.

145. P. patula Brod.,

FICULA.
146. F. ventricosa Sowb., FUSCS. 147. F. bellus Ad.,

FASCIOLARIA.
148. F. granosa Brod.,

TURBINELLA.
149. T. czestus

150. 151. 152.

153.

Brod., castanea Gray, cerata "Wood, rudis Rv.,

spadicea Rv.,
CANCELLARIA.

154. C. affiuis Ad.,

155.
156.

clavatula Sowb., decussata Sowb.,

157. 158.
159.

goniostoma Sowb.,
mitriformis Sowb.,

pulchra Sowb.,

160. 161.
162.

pygmsea Ad.,
solida Sowb.,
tesselata Sowb.,

PLEUROTOMA.
163. P. aterrima Sowb.,

164.

165.

atrior Ad., bicaualifera Sowb.,

JULY,

1852.

330
Family
No.

Index.

Oftorillidos
TURRITELLA.

210. T. Banksii Rv.,

CAECUM.
211. C.

212. 213.
214.

diminutum Ad., eburneum Ad.,

firmatura Ad.,
laive Ad.,
l.j

215. 216. 217. 218.

.queatum Ad., monstrosnm Ad.,

parvum Ad., pygmreum Ad.,

CHEMNITZIA.

219 C. aculeus Ad., acuminata Ad., 220.

221.
222. 223.
affinis Ad., clathratula Ad.,

communis
gracilior

Ad.,

224.
'225.

Ad.,

226.
227.

major Ad., marginata Ad., Panamensis Ad.,

sirailis

228.
229. 230.

Ad.,

striosa Ad.,

turrita Ad.,

LITTORINA.
231. L. angiostoma Ad., 232.

aspera

Phil.,

233.
234. 235. 236. 237.

atrata Ad.,

conspersa Phil., excavata Ad.,

fasciata Gray,

foveata Ad.,

238.
239. 240.

megasoma Ad.,
parvula (?) Phil., pulchra Swains.,
puucticulata Phil., varia Sowb.,
EISSOA.

241.
242.

243. R. clandestina Ad., firmata Ad., 244.

245. 246.
247.

fort-is

Ad.,

inconspicua Ad.,
infrequens Ad.,

548.

Janus Ad.,

Index.
No.

331

Page

284. T. saxosus

Wood,
SCALARIA.

285. S.

hexagona Sowb.,
obtusa Sowb.,
sp. indet.
a,
b,

286.
287.

288. 289.

"

"
c,

Family Eiilimidnr.
EULIMA.
290. E. iota Ad.,

291.
292.

recta Ad.,
solitaria Ad.,

Family

Tomatellidae,
PYRAMIDELLA.

293. P. sp. indet., conica Ad., 294.

Family IVeritidae.
NATICA.

295. N. Chernnitzii Mke., lurida Phil., 296.

297. 298.
otis

Brod.,
(?)

Salangonensis

Reel.,

299.
300. 301.

Souleyetiana Reel.,
virginea? Reel.,
sp. indet.
a,
b,

302.
303.

"
"
c,

NERTTA.
304. N. scabricosta Lam., 305.
sp. indet.,

NERITINA.
306. N. Guayaquilensis Sowb., 307. picta Sowb.,

Family

Auriculidar.
PEDIPES.

308. P. angulata Ad.,

AURICULA.
309. A. acuta Orb.,

332
No.
339. C. radiata Brod.,
340.

Index.
Page
regularis Ad.,

No.
373. C. dispar Sowb., 374. luridus Sowb.,

Page

341.
342.

umbrella Desh.,
unguis
(?)

Brod.,

223 224 225 225

375.

376.

pulchellus Gray, Stokesii Brod.,

242 242 243 243

CREPIDULA.
343. C. cerithicola Ad., 344. 345.

Family Ostraeidae.
225 226 226 227 228 229 229
ANOMIA.
377. A.

echinus Brod.,

excayata Brod.,
hepatica (?) Desh., incurva Brod., Lessoni Brod.,

lampe Gray,
tenuis Ad.,
sp. indet.,

378.
379.

244 245 245

346.
347.

348. 349.

OS1RJEA.

squama Brod.,
unguiformis nivea Ad.,
(?)

350.
351. 352.
353.

Lam.,

osculans Ad.,
rostrata Ad.,

230 234 234 235

380. 0, sp. indet. " 381. 382. 383.

a,
b,
c,

" "
d,

384.

"
e,

245 245 246 246 246

Family Fissurellidae.
FISSURELLA.
354. F. sequalis Sowb., alta Ad., 355.
356.

Family

PC c tell id US
SPONDYLUS.
(?)

357.
358. 359. 360. 361.

macrotrema Sowb., microtrema Sowb,

rnus Rv.,

235 236 236 237

237

385. S. Lamarckii 386.

sp.

Sowb.,

247 247

indet,
PECTEN.

nigropunctata Sowb.,
ostrina Rv.,

virescens Sowb.,
SIPHONABIA.

237 238 238

387. P. Inea Orb.,

24Y

388.

Tumbezensis Orb.,
LIMA.

248

389. L. angulata 390.

Sowb,

arcuata Sowb.,

248 249

362.
363. 364.

S.

charaeteristica Rv.

costata Sowb.,

gigas Sowb.,

239 239 239

Family
AVICULA.
391. A. margaritifera ? sterna Gould, 392.

365.
366.

maura Sowb.,
pica Sowb.,
LOTTIA.

240 240

249 250

367. L. patina

(?)

Rathke,
var. a,
a,
b,

241

PERN A.
393. P. sp. indet. a,

367 a
368.
sp. indet.

241 241 241 241

394.

"
b,

250 250

369. 370.

" "
c,

Family
PINNA.

Family Patellidae.
371. P. sp. indet.,

395. P.

maura Sowb.,
tuberculosa Sowb.,
MYTILUS.

250
251

241

396.

CHITON.
372. C. clathratus Rv.,

242

397. M. sp. indet.,

261

Index.
LTraODOMUS.
No.
398. L. sp. indet.
a,

333

MODIOLA.
899. M. semifusca
(?)

Lam.,

400.

sp. indet.

a,
b,

401. 402. 403.

404.

"
"
c,

"
d,

"
,

Family

Cliamida;.
CHAMA.

405. C.

Buddiana Ad.,
corrugata Brod., echinata Brod.,

406.
407.

Family

A re

die.

NUCULA.
408. N. Elenensis Sowb., 409. 410.

exigua Sowb.,
polita Sowb.,
PECTUNCCTLUS.

411. P. assimilis Sowb., 412. maculatus (?) Brod.,

ARCA.
413. A. alternata Sowb., 414. aviculoides Rv.,
415. 416.

417.
418. 419.

emarginata Sowb., gradata Brod., grandis Brod., mutabilis Sowb.,

pkoladiformis Ad.,

420. 421.
422. 423.

Reeveana

Orb.,

reversa Sowb.,
similis Ad.,

solida

Sowb.,

424. 425.
426.

Tabogensis Ad., tuberculosa Sowb.,

sp. indet.,

Family Cardiidae.
CARDITA.
427. C. affinis Sowb., 428. laticostata Sowb.,

429.
430.

radiata Sowb.,

graniferum Brod.,

334
No.

Index.
Page
LUTRARIA.
No.
495. L. elegans Sowb.,

459. T. cognata Ad., Columbiensis Hanley, 460. 461.

462. 463. 464.

concinna Ad., crystallina Chem.,

279 280 280

281 281 282

Page

293

MACTRA.
496. M. velata Phil., "

465.
466. 467.

Cumingii Hanley, Dombei Hanley, felix Hanley, laceridens Hanley, prora Hanley,
puella Ad., rubescens Hanley,
siliqua Ad.,

294 294

496

a.

var.

a,

282 282 283

283

Family Corbiilidae.
ANATINA.
497. A. alta Ad.,

468.
469.

294

470. 471.
472. 473. 474.

simulans Ad.,
sincera Hanley, vicina Ad.,
sp.

475.
476.

indet. "

a,
b,

"
c,

284 284 285 285 286 286 286

PANDORA.
498. P. cornuta Ad.,

295

POTAMOMYA.
499. P. aqualis Ad., inflata Ad., 500.
501.

295

296
296

trigonalis Ad.,

Family Petricolidae.
PETRICOLA.
477. P. cognata Ad.,

CORBULA.

286

502. C. bicarinata Sowb., biradiata Sowb., 503.

504.

297

297 298 298 299 299 300 300

SAXICAVA.
478. S. tenuis
(?)

Sowb.,

287

505. 506.

obesa Hinds, ovulata Sowb, rubra Ad.,

tenuis

Family

Mactridae.
CUMINGIA.

507. 508.

Sowb.,
a,
b,

sp. indet.

509.

"

479. C. coarctata Sowb.,

287

480. 481. 482.

trigonularis Sowb.,
sp.

indet. "

a,
b,

483.
484.

"
c,

288 288 288 288 288

Family Solenidae.
SOLECURTUS.
510. S. affinis Ad.,

300

"
(I,

SOLEN.
511. S. rudis Ad.,

AMPHIDESMA.
485. A. bicolor Ad.,
486.

300

ellipticum Sowb.,

487. 488. 489. 490.

491.

proximum

Ad.,

pulchrum Sowb.,
striosum Ad.,

tortuosum Ad., ventricosum Ad.,

CRASSATELLA.

288 289 289 290 291 291 292

Family

Pholadidae.
PHOLAS.

512. P. crucigera Sowb., tubifera Sowb., 513.

301

514.

xylophaga Val. (non

sp.

al.),

515.
516.

indet. "

a,
b,

302 302 302 302

492. C. gibbosa Sowb.,

292
Class

Bracbiopoda.
ORBICULA.

MULINIA.
493. M. donaciformis Hanley, 494.

ventricosa Gould,

293 293

517. O. Cumingii Brod.,

303

E E E

A T A.
for Veritina read Neritina. " " same mark.
(!)

Page
" "

20, llth line from the top,

23, llth
56, 14th,

"

"
"

bottom,
top,

"
" "
"

"

1854

"

1844.
line)

59,2nd,
65, 6th,
87, 9th,

"
"

bottom,

"
"
"

"

" whorl (in the middle of the " 51 read 54.

read suture-

" "

" "
top,

"

1840

"

1843.

95, 13th,

"

insert 1844.

" " " "

"

101, 13tb, 103, 15th,

104, 4th,

" "
"

for G. read E.

" " "

"

bottom, dele the

top,

comma

after Peru.

for emarginata read marginata.

It

195, 2nd,

"

bottom, dele

may

be a Trochus.
insert
is.

211,9th,

"
before

more

" "
"
>l

247,8th,
260, 14th, 278, 3rd,
289, 6th,

"
"
" "

" "

"
"

/or Incarearf

ventricosus.

" " "

for fimbriated read clathrate. cardinatus " carinatus.

at the

end of the

line substitute a semicolon/or

the

comma.

"

290,1st,
295, 7th,

top,

for beak read beaks.

at

"

"

"

the end of the line substitute a semicolon for

the comma.
306, 13th,

"

"

bottom, for COLUJIELLA read

COLUMBELLA.

1
i