Sunteți pe pagina 1din 3

Speed Regulation, Percent Slip and Start Current

Posted by Zone 4info August 18 - 314 views - Filed in Power Systems

The squirrel-cage induction motor has very good speed regulation characteristics (the ratio of difference in speed from no load to full load). Speed performance is measured in terms of percent slip. The synchronous speed of the rotating field of the stator is used as a reference point. Recall that the synchronous speed depends on the number of stator poles and the operating frequency. Because these two quantities remain constant, the synchronous speed also remains constant. If the speed of the rotor at full load is deducted from the synchronous speed of the stator field, the difference is the number of revolutions per minute that the rotor slips behind the rotating field of the stator. The value is expressed as percent slip according to the following formula:

Example 2:
If the three-phase AC induction motor used in Example 1 has a synchronous speed of 1200 RPM and a full-load speed of 1140 RPM, find the percent of slip.

Synchronous speed (Example 1) = 1200 RPM Full-load rotor speed = 1140 RPM

For a squirrel-cage induction motor, as the value of percent slip decreases toward 0%, the speed performance of the motor is improved. The average range of percent slip for squirrel-cage induction motors is 2% to 6%. Figure

shows a speed curve and a percent slip for a squirrel-cage induction motor operating between no load and full load. The rotor speed at no load slips behind the synchronous speed of the rotating stator field just enough to create the torque required to overcome friction and windage losses at no load. As a mechanical load is applied to the motor shaft, the rotor tends to slow down. This means that the stator field (turning at a fixed speed) cuts the rotor bars a greater number of times in a given period. The induced voltages in the rotor bars increase, resulting in more current in the rotor bars and a stronger rotor field. A greater magnetic reaction between the stator and rotor fields exists, which causes a stronger twisting effect, or torque. This also increases stator current taken from the line. The motor is able to handle the increased mechanical load with very little decrease in the speed of the rotor. Typical slip-torque curves for a squirrel-cage induction motor are shown in Figure .

The torque output of the motor in pound-feet (lb-ft) increases linearly with an increase in the value of percent slip as the mechanical load is increased to the point of full load. Beyond full load, the torque curve bends and finally reaches a maximum point called the breakdown torque. If the motor is loaded beyond this point, there will be a corresponding decrease in torque until the point is reached where the motor stalls. However, all induction motors must have some slip in order to function. Starting torque is not shown, but is approximately 300% of running torque for a generic AC motor.

Starting Current
When a three-phase AC induction motor is connected across the full line voltage, the starting surge of current momentarily reaches as high as 400% to 1000% or more of the rated full-load current. At the moment the motor starts, the rotor is at a standstill. At this instant, therefore, the stator field cuts the rotor bars at a faster rate than when the rotor is turning. This means that there will be relatively high induced voltages in the rotor, which cause heavy rotor current. The resulting input current to the stator windings is high at the instant of starting. Because of this high starting current, starting protection rated as high as 300% of the rated fullload current for nontime-delay fuses is provided for squirrel-cage induction motor installations. Most squirrel-cage induction motors are started at full voltage. If there are any questions concerning starting large motors at full voltage, the electric utility company should be consulted. In the event that the feeders and protective devices of the electric utility are unable to handle the large starting currents, reduced voltage starting circuits must be used with the motor.

Reference:
- See more at: http://www.zone4info.com/articles/558/speed-regulation-percent-slip-and-startcurrent#sthash.jRy0fRAl.dpuf

S-ar putea să vă placă și