TOOLS OF THE TRADE Introduction to Advanced Mathematics Paul J. Sally, Jr. @AMSTable of Contents [Introduction ix Acknowledgen xiii Chapter 1, Sets, Functions, and Other Basic Ideas 1 Sets and Elements 2 Equality, usion, and Notation 2 The Algebra of 4 Cartesian Products, Counting, and Power Sets 8 Some Sets of Numbers 10 Equi ¢ Relations and the Construction of Q 15 Functions : 22 §8. ‘Countability and Other Basic Ideas | ‘ 30 4 Axiom of Choice 38 §10. Independent Projects 41 ‘Chapter 2. Linear Algebra : 47 $1. Fundamentals of Linear Algebra 48 §2. Linear Transformations 5d $8. Linear Transformations and Matrices 56 fd. Determinants 59 §5. Geometric Linear Algebra : 67 §6. Independent Projects 76 Chapter 3. The Construction of the Real and Complex Numbers 89 i viiviii §1. The Least Upper Bound Property and the Real Numbers §2. Consequences of the Least Upper Bound Property §3. Rational Appro: §4. Intervals §5. The Construction of the Feal N §6. Convergence in R : §7. Automorphisms of Fields §8. Construction of the Complex Numbers : §9. Convergence in C §10. Independent Projects Chapter 4, Metric and Euclidean Spaces §1. Introduction 82. Definition and Basic Properties of Met Spaces §3. Topology of Metric Spaces §4. Limits and Continuous Functions §5. Compactness, Completencss and Connectedness 86. Independent Projects Chapter 5. Complete Metric Spaces and the p-adic Completion of Q gL §2. §3 Sd. §5. Index The Contraction Mapping Theorem and Its Applications The Baire Category Theorem and Its Applications The Stone-Weierstrass Theorem ‘The p-adic Complesion of Q Challenge Problems Table of Contents 0 92