www.eenadupratibha.

net

Board of Intermediate Education

Junior Inter - Physics
Model Paper (English Version)
TIME : 3 Hours MAX. MARKS : 60

SECTION - A
Note: 1) Answer ALL questions. 2) Each question carries TWO marks. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman? Write the dimensional formulae for the following quantities. (a) Gravitational Constant (b) Surface Tension 10 2 = 20

10. What is Greenhouse effect?

Note: 1) Answer any SIX questions.

11. State the Parallelogram law of vectors and derive an expression for its magnitude. 12. A stone is dropped from a height 300 m and at the same time another stone is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 100 m/s. Find when and where the two stones meet. 13. Show that two equal masses that undergo oblique elastic collision will move at right angles to each other after collision.

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
Distinguish between centre of mass and centre of gravity. Find the excess pressure inside a liquid drop. What are the theoretical and practical limits of Poissions ratio? Hot liquids flow faster than cold liquids. Explain. State the conditions under which Newton's law of cooling is applicable.

A ball falls freely from a height 1 meter to the ground and rebounds to a height of 0.8 m. Find the coefficient of restitution.

What is the specific heat of a gas in (a) an isothermal change and (b) an adiabatic change.

SECTION - B

2) Each question carries FOUR marks.

6 4 = 24

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
14. Obtain an expression for the acceleration of a body sliding down a rough inclined plane. 15. State and prove parallel axes theorem. 16. What is escape velocity? Obtain an expression for it. 17. Pendulum clocks generally go fast in winter and slow in summer. Why? 18. Describe the behaviour of a wire under gradually increasing load.

SECTION - C
Note: 1) Answer any TWO of the following. 2) Each question carries EIGHT marks. 2 8 = 16 19. (a) Define Kinetic Energy. Deduce the expression for the Kinetic Energy of a body. _ (a) If v = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k is the instantaneous velocity of a body of mass 1.50 kg, calculate its Kinetic Energy. 20. Show that motion of Simple Pendulum is simple harmonic and hence derive an equation for its time period. What is Seconds Pendulum? 21. State second law of Thermodynamics. How is heat engine different from a refrigerator?

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net

ANSWERS
SECTION - A
1. What is the discovery of C.V. Raman? A: C.V. Raman discovered ''Raman effect" (inelastic scattering of light by molecules) and received Nobel Prize for it. 2. Write the dimensional formulae for the following quantities. (a) Gravitational Constant (b) Surface Tension. A: Gravitational Constant: M-1L3T-2

3.

A: e = 4. A:

1) Centre of mass is a point at which total 1) Centre of gravity is a point through mass is to be concentrated. which the weight of the body acts. 2) It is used to study the nature of motion of a body. 5. 2) It is used to know the stability of the body.

A: Theoretical limits of Poissions ratio are -1 to 0.5 and practical limits are 0 to 0.5. 6. Find the excess pressure inside a liquid drop?

A: In equilibrium force due to excess pressure on the upper hemisphere = Force due to surface tension of liquid acting along circumference. 2T P(r2) = 2r(T) P = r 7. Hot liquids flow faster than cold liquids. Explain. viscosity of liquids decreases.

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w

h2 = h1

[ Surface Tension: [MT-2]

= 0.8 1 0.8

A ball falls freely from a height 1 m to the ground and rebounds to a height of 0.8 m. Find the coefficient of restitution.

Distinguish between centre of mass and centre of gravity. Centre of mass

Centre of gravity

What are theoretical and practical limits of Poissions ratio?

A: In liquids as temperature increases, cohesive forces decreases and therefore the

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
8. What is specific heat of a gas in (a) an isothermal change (b) an adiabatic change?

A: Specific heat of gas in an isothermal change is infinity. In adiabatic change is zero. 9. State conditions under which Newton's law of cooling is applicable. Loss of heat occurs in streamlined flow of air. Temperature of body is uniformly distributed over it. 10. What is green house effect? A: The earth's surface is a source of thermal radiation. The wavelength of this radiation lies in the long wavelength region. But a large portion of this radiation is absorbed by green house gases (CO2, methane (CH4), nitrous oxide N2O). This heats up the atmosphere and gives more energy to earth and increases the intensity of radiation from the surface. The cycle of process described above is repeated until no radiation available for absorption. This is known as Greenhouse effect, which causes global warming. 11. State the Parellelogram Law of vectors and derive an expression for its magnitude. A: If vectors acting at a point are represented by adjacent sides of a Parellelogram, then their resultant is represented by the diagonal in magnitude and direction from same point. Proof: Let P , Q be two adjacent vectors with an angle between them. Construct a parellelogram OABC. Let OA = P , OB = Q . Extend OA and join C and D. Diagonal OC = R B C A: Loss of heat is negligible by conduction. Heat lost is mainly by convection.

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
SECTION - B
Q
>

>

Q sin

> O P From OCD (right angled triangle)

D A Q cos

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
OC2 = OD2 + AC2 = [OA + AD]2 + AC2 = OA2 + AD2 + 2(OA)(AD) + AC2 Where AD = Q cos , CD = Q sin R2 = P2 + Q2 cos2 + 2 PQ cos + Q2 sin2 = P2 + Q2 (cos2 + sin2 ) + 2PQ cos (... OD = OA + AD)

R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos
R=

P2 + Q2 + 2PQ cos

12. A stone is dropped from a height 300 m and at the same time another stone is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 100 m/s. Find when and where the two stones meet. A: For freely falling body u = 0, a = g, s = x 1 x = gt2.................(1) 2

x 300 -

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w [ ] w w
= Tan-1

Angle of resultant R with adjacent side,

P + Q cos

Q sin

for vertically projected body u = 100 m/s, a = -g s = (300 - x)

1 (300 - x) = 100 t - gt2.................(2) 2 ... from (1) equation 300 - x = 100 t - x 300 = 100 t t = 3 sec 1 x = gt2 2

1 = 9.8 9 = 4.9 9 2 = 44.1 m s = 300 - 44.1 = 255.9 m from ground.

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
13. Show that two equal masses that undergo oblique collision (elastic) will move at right angles to each other after collision. A: Consider two bodies of equal masses (m) and they undergo oblique elastic collision. 'u' is initial velocity of first body, collides with second body which is at rest. According to law of conservation of linear momentum along X-axis mu = mv1 cos 1 + mv2 cos 2

u = v1 cos 1 + v2 cos 2
along Y - axis 0 = v1 sin 1 - v2 sin 2 on squaring and adding (1) & (2) we get

.................(1) ..................(2)

u2 = v12 + v22 .................(4)

equate (3) & (4)

14. Obtain an expression for the acceleration of a body sliding down a rough inclined plane. A: Consider a rough inclined plane of coefficient of friction k. Let be the angle made by inclined plane with horizontal. If angle of inclination () is greater than angle of repose (), then body slides down along inclined plane. N = mg cos ....................(1) Resultant force towards downwards is FR = mg sin - fk ............(2) But fk = k N = k mg cos
in s mg
N f

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
u2 = v12 + v22 + 2v1v2 cos (1 + 2)
1 2 .................(3) As collision is elastic it satisfies law of conservation of KE.

u2 = v1cos 1 + v2 cos 2 2 + v1sin 1 - v2sin 2

] [

]2

mu2 = mv12 + mv22

1 2

1 2

Y-axis

v1

v12 + v22 + 2v1v2cos (1 + 2) = v12 + v22

1 2

X-axis

2v1v2 cos (1 + 2) = 0

cos (1 + 2) = 0 1 + 2 = cos-1(0) 1 + 2 = 90

v2

i.e., Two equal masses undergoing oblique elastic collision will move at right angles after collision.

FR = mg sin - k mg cos

os c mg mg

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
ma = mg[sin - k cos] a = g[sin - k cos] It is the expression for acceleration of the body down the inclined plane. 15. State and prove parallel axes theorem. A: Moment of inertia of a rigid body about any axis equal to the moment of inertia about a parallel axis through its centre of mass plus product of mass of the body and square of the distance between two parallel axes. I = Io + Mr2 Proof: Consider a rigid body of mass M. 'I' is moment of inertia of the body about any axis. Io be the moment of inertia of the body about an axis passing through centre of gravity. 'r' be the distance between two parallel axes. Let P be a point in the given plane. Join A & P, extend the line AC, drop a normal from P on to it. Moment of inertia of the body about AB is I = m(AP)2 ................(1) Moment of inertia of the body about CD is Io = m(CP)2...............(2) From APQ [AP]2 = (AQ)2 + (QP)2
B

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
D P

= (AC + CQ)2 + (QP)2

[AP]2 = (AC)2 + (CQ)2 + 2(AC)(CQ) + (QP)2 From CPQ

(CP)2 = (CQ)2 + (QP)2

(AP)2 = (AC)2 + 2(AC)(CQ) + (CP)2

From (1) I = m (AP)2

= m (AC)2 + 2(AC)(CQ) + (CP)2 = m r2 + m(AC)(CQ) + Io I = mr2 + Io

]
I = Io + Mr2

= m(AC)2 + m(AC)(CQ) + m(CP)2

[... Sum of moments of mass of different particles about centre of mass is zero]

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
16. What is escape velocity? Obtain an expression for it. A: The minimum velocity with which a body projected from the surface of planet; so that it escape from force of attraction of planet is called escape velocity. Expression: Let 'M' is mass of planet, R is its radius, 'm' be the mass of object placed on it. GMm Force of attraction between them is F = ...........(1) R2 Workdone by the body against gravitational force is GMm GMm W = F.S. = R = R R2

This is stored in the form of P.E. in the body. If body projected with escape velocity Ve. Then P.E. is totally converted into K.E. GMm R 2GM = Ve = 2gR R Ve = 2gR
2 = K.E. = mVe

17. Pendulum clocks generally go fast in winter and slow in summer. Why?

A: During summer temperature of atmosphere increases; length of pendulum clock also increases because of expansion. But time period of pendulum clock T = 2

t e n . a h [ ] b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
1 2 ...g = GM; gR = GM R R2

...........(2)

T l, n
1 l

Thus time period increases and number of oscillations decreases per day due to increase of length. So clock will run slow in summer. In winter temperature of atmosphere decreases, length of pendulum decreases due to contraction. But T l , thus number of oscillations per day increases and time period decreases. Thus clocks run fast in winter.

18. Describe the behaviour of wire under gradually increasing of load. A: To study the behaviour of metal wire under increasing load, a metal wire is clamped at one end and load is gradually increased until it breaks. Draw stress- strain curve. On curve A, B, C, D, E are located. 1. Proportionality limit (A): The part OA is a straight line shows that stress is

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
directly proportional to strain upto point 'A'. Hook's Law is obeyed. The point 'A' is called proportionality limit. 2. Elastic limit (B): When load is slightly increased from A to B. The graph is slightly curved. Hook's law is not obeyed but exhibits elastic nature. 3. Permanent set (C): On increasing load beyond elastic limit, the graph is more curved upto a point 'C' where elongation is not proportional to load. On removal of load, wire does not regain its original length. Length increases permanently. (o o') is called permanent set.

19. (a) Define K.E. Deduce the expression for K.E. of a body. (b) If v = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k is the instantneous velocity of a body of mass 1.50 kg, calculate the K.E. A: a) K.E.: The energy possessed by virtue of its motion is called K.E. e.g.: Energy possessed by a bullet fired from a gun.

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
SECTION - C
Initial velocity = v 0 v2 = 2as final velocity = 0 v2 a= 2s

4. Yield Point (D): If load is further increased strain increases rapidly without increase of stress. Now behaviour of wire is called yielding. 5. Breaking Point (E): If load is increased beyond yielding point, elongation is very rapid. Even for small change in load the wire becomes thinner and breaks at point E. This point is called breaking point.

Expression: Consider a body of mass 'm' moving with velocity 'v'. The uniform retardation of the body due to force 'F' is 'a', which is obtained by equation v2 u2 = 2 as displacement = s

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
mv2 Opposing force on the body is F = ma = 2s From Newton's third law force applied by the body mv2 mv2 = F = = 2s 2s

( )
[ ...

Workdone by the body against opposing force acting on it is mv2 1 W = s cos = mv2 2s 2

( )

= 0]

This work resides in the form of kinetic energy

20. Show that the motion of Simple Pendulum is simple harmonic and hence derive an equation for its time period. What is Second's Pendulum? A: A heavy point sized mass suspended by a massless inextensible, torsionless string is called an ideal Simple Pendulum. The distance between point of suspension and centre of gravity of sphere is known as length of pendulum. Expression of Time period: Consider a pendulum of length 'l', suspended from a rigid support. 'm' be the mass of the bob. Pendulum is drawn aside by a small angle () and released, bob oscillates along 'BOA'. At extreme position the vertical downward force is weight W = mg; is resolved into mg cos , mg sin .

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n ( e) e . w w w
1 K.E. = mv2 2
b) v = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k , m = 1.50 kg.

v =

32 + 42 + 52

= 50

= 5 2 m/s 1 = mv2 2

K.E.

1 2 = (1.50) 5 2 2

= (1.50) 25 = 37.50 J.

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
'mg sin' is responsible for to and fro motion of the bob. mg cos will balance the tension in the string. F = mg sin ................. (1) ma = mg sin a = g sin mg cos = T ....................(2) If is very small, sin a = g sin x a = g = g l l
Simple Pendulum

()

Arc ... Angle = radius

Second's Pendulum: It is pendulum whose period of oscillation is 2 seconds. T = 2 sec. 21. State second law of thermodynamics. How is heat engine different from a refrigerator. A: Second law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of nature which can explain that heat can flow only from hot body to cold body by itself. There are two significant statements are in use. Clausius Statement: It is impossible for a self acting machine unaided by any external agency to transfer heat from a body at low temperature to a body at a higher temperature.

t e n . a h b i t a ( ) r p u d a n e e . w w w
i.e. oscillations of Pendulum are said to be SHM. Time period of a body in SHM is T = 2 T = 2 x = 2 g x l g

x - displacement of bob from mean position, the direction of acceleration and displacement will be opposite to each other. g ax Then a = x l

()

displacement acceleration

T = 2

l
g

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
It means that by itself heat cannot flow from a body at lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature. Kelvin Statement: It is impossible to derive continuous supply of work by cooling a body to a temperature lower than its surroundings. Heat engine: It is a device used to convert heat energy into work. It operates in cyclic process. Heat engine consists of three parts. 1) Source: It is a hot reservoir which is at higher temperature (T1). Heat energy (Q1) can extract from it without any change in its temperature.

Refrigerator: It is a Carnot's Ideal heat engine working in the reverse direction. 1) Source: The substance kept inside the refrigerator. 2) Sink: The surroundings (room) of the refrigerator.

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w
Amount of workdone by the system W = Q1 Q2 Q2 W Q1 Q2 = = = 1 Q1 Q1 Q1 T2 =1 T1 Workdone (W) = Q1 Q2 (on the working substance) Efficiency of refrigerator is called performance (B)

2) Sink: It is a cold reservoir or body, which is at lower temperature (T2). It can take heat energy (Q2), which is rejected by working substance without any change in its temperature.

3) Working substance: In steam engine working substance is steam and in diesel engine working substance is mixture of fuel and air. Working substance absorbs heat Q1 from source and converts a part into work and rejects Q2 heat to the sink.

Efficiency of heat engine () is the ratio of workdone (W) by the engine to the heat absorbed (Q1) by the engine

3) Working substance: Refrigerant acts as working substance. It absorbs heat Q2 from cold body (or) sink at lower temperature (T2), delivers heat energy Q1 to high temperature body called source.

www.eenadupratibha.net

www.eenadupratibha.net
Q2 Q2 T2 B= = = W Q1 Q2 T1 T2 Heat engine will work in reversible process but refrigerator works in the reverse process of heat engine.

Heat Engine
Source T1 Q1 Working Substance Q2 Sink T2

t e n . a h b i t a r p u d a n e e . w w w (R.Sudha Rani)
W (Workdone by the substance)

Refrigerator
Source T1

Working

Sink T2

Substance

W (Workdone on the substance)

www.eenadupratibha.net