Curs istorie si civilizatie engleza

British Insularity Great Britain Englend: The South, the Middle and the North Scotland Wales Northen Ireland (Uslter-capitala) The Isle of man and Anglesey (in the Irish Sea) The Isle of Wight, Jersey and Guernsey (the Channel Island) The Scily Islands Consiquences of British Insularity Britain`s peculiar geographical position has influenced: Its climate the worm Atlantic Current, mild winters and warm summers Its people- they are reserved, the consider theirselves as being superior. In history- a protection barrier or facilitator of invasions? Invasions and Patterns of Settlement in British Isles Ancient Britain- Stone Age : the megalictic Man; Bronze Age: the Beaker people; Iron Age: the Celts and the Romans Stone Age (3 000 BC) The first settler probably coming from the Iberian Peninsula, of even from the North African cost This first wave of invaders settled in the west part of Britain and Ireland from Cornwall Remains that reveal the huge organisation of labour in prehistoric Britain, the henges as centres of religious, political, economic power e.g. Stonehenge in Salisbury Plain> made of munumental circles of massive vertical stones tappedwith immense horizontal slabs (megaliths=> the name of the prehistoric people) Beakes People- Bronze Age (2 400 BC) New groups of people came from Europe (France, the Low Countries) and settled in south-east Britain Caracteristics: round-headed, strongly, taller Iron Age- Celts (700 BC) 1. Galic Celts/ Goidelic: settled in Ireland, whence they spread to Scotland and the Isle of Man ( Galic dialect- it is extinguished now) 2. 2 centuries later, Brythonic Celts/ Britons settled in England and Wales 3. Belgie (100 BC)> settled in the east of Britain The Celts:

Skills: they know how to work with iron. They built hell-forts wich remained economic centres for local groups long after the Romans came to Britain Religion: polytheistic. Their priests, the Druds, could not read or write but they memories all the religious teachings the tribal laws, history, medicine and other knowledge necessary in the Celtic society. Gender roles> women, especially from upper strata, had more independence, and they were respected for their courage and strength in battle (e.g. Boadicca, 61 A.D.)

Curs 1 Literatura engleza

6th- 15th century: Migration ends Universities and professional schools Languages and national literatures Roman and Gothic style in art In 1066, the Norman conquest -> they brought their language, their works. 700 BC, The Celts: Goidels/ Gael, Brythons/Britons, Belgae/ Belgic. Similarities with Anglo-Saxons: Organised in Different tribes Warriors Polytheistic Sacred tree Oral culture, therefore stress on the value of the vow Price for bloodshed outside battle The importance of druids 55-54 BC Iulius Caesar 43 AD- The Romans: Claudius conquers the south-> begin the process of romanisation of the Celts Queen Boudicca of the Scene dies in 61 AD The wall of Hadrian 407-410 AD Roman legions withdraw 5th century the anglo-saxons: Jates, Angles and Saxons 449 AD Hengest and Horsa against the Picts Odin= the one eyed god> two ravens (thought and memory), two wolves and a horse with eight legs Frigga= the wife of Odin and Baldr Thor= god of thunder and protector of making the hammer Mjolnir, a belt and iron gloves. Loki= god of mischief, father of Hel, the wolf of Fenrir and the serpent Jormungand Freya= goddess of love and beauty Tyr/Tiw= the one-handed god of justice Norns= Urdeer (past), Vervandi(present), Skuld (future), the giant Jmir and Yggdrasil, the ashtree(frasin) with nine worlds (among wich Asgard, Midgrad, Hel)