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Class test on 10/02/07 (3:30 PM to 4:30 PM) Venue will be intimated later All four topics of Organic
+
O OH
OH OH
OH O H OH O
OH2
OH
..
..
OH
O O
H O O
Radical reactions
CH3CH2 +
Pericyclic reactions
Cl
Cl
CH3CH2Cl + Cl
Cycloaddition reactions
new bond
+
Diels-Alder reaction
new bond
H3 C
Sigmatropic reactions
H3 C
CH 2
H3C
H
the -system
H 3C
h
No reaction
X
+
X Y
Y
[2+2]-cycloaddition
Ph Ph
Ph
Ph
+
Ph
No reaction
Ph Ph
Ph
Me Me
Me Me
Me Me
Me
Me Me
Me
In phase orbitals overlap during the course of a pericyclic reaction Based on Frontier orbital theory (1954, Fukui)
(HOMO, LUMO)
Overlap of in-phase p orbitals gives a bonding molecular orbital that is lower in energy than the p atomic orbitals. Overlap of out-of-phase p atomic orbitals gives an antibonding molecular orbital that is higher in energy than the p atomic orbitals.
1,3-butadiene
Asymmetric
Symmetric
Asymmetric
bonding interactions are more than no. of nodes
Symmetric
Electrocyclic Reactions
These reactions are defined as involving the cyclization of an n pi-electron system to an (n-2)pi + 2sigma-electron system or the reverse process.
n() n-2 () + 2 ( )
The reactions are reversible. Observance of ring opening and ring closure depends upon the thermodynamic stability of the open and closed forms.
-system
-system
B
A
HOMO
(2E,4Z)-hexadiene
HOMO
(2E,4E)-hexadiene
Elcetrocyclic reactions
CH3
Con
CH3 H CH3
h
Dis
H CH3 H
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 H
H H CH3
Con
h
Dis
CH3 CH3
H CH3
No. of electrons 4n
Conrotatory Disrotatory
Disrotatory Conrotatory
4n+2
n = integer
CH3 H H CH3
tion a t o disr
CH3
h
conrot ation
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 H CH3 H
on i t a ot r s i d
CH3
c on
h
r ot atio n
CH3 CH3
CH3
1,3,5-hexatriene
HOMO
LUMO
Q. Have the following reactions proceeded in the conrotatory or disrotatory manner? Should they proceed under thermal or photochemical influence?
*
H
disrotatory
H
CH3
CH3 H H CH3
H H CH3
conrotatory
Q. Show that the cyclobutane below open by two alternative conrotarory procsses. What is the product in each instance? Do you expect them to be formed in equal amounts? H
CH3
CH3
CH3
H H CH3
H H
CH3
anticlockwise
CH
clockwise
H
100 C B
Disrotatory
h -20 C A'
Conrotatory
H
25 C B'
Disrotatory
Sigmatropic reactions
These reactions are defined as involving migration of a bond that is flanked by one or more conjugated systems to a new position within the system
etc
migrating bond
etc
The reaction is termed [ i, j ] sigmatropic shift when the bond migrates from position [1,1] to position [i,j]. Examples:
1 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 3 2
H
1 2 3 1 2
H
3
[1,5]
*
R1
S S R2 R1 R2
[2,3]
CH3
CH3
[1,5]
A Cope rearrangement
C6H5 C6H5
CH3
CH3
A Claisen rearrangement
O CH3 CH3 O
O [3,3]
OH
Q.
Suggest a mechanism
O H3C CH3 H3C OH CH3
H O H3C CH3
HO
[3,3] slow
HO
HO KH THF
A biological reaction involving an electrocyclic reaction and a sigmatropic reaction 7-dehydrocholesterol, a steriod formed in skin, is converted into Vitamin D3 by two pericyclic reactions
H 3C
CH3
CH3
H3C CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3
CH3 H
an electrocyclic reaction
H
CH3 H
h
HO
HO
7-dehydro cholesterol
provitamin D3
H3C CH3 CH3 CH3
CH2 H HO
vitamin D3
CHO
CHO + OH
Cycloaddition reactions
H3C
CH3
H3C
CH3
O O O O
heat
O O
UV light
Cycloaddition reactions
Why does maleic anhydride react easily with butadiene, but not at all with ethylene?
O O
O O
HOMO of one reactant should react with LUMO of the other reactant
Thermal
HOMO
Photo chemical
Excited state HOMO
LUMO
LUMO
LUMO
HOMO
HOMO
LUMO
CH3 CH3 O O
CH2
OCH3 +
OCH3
*
CH2
diene
dienophile
adduct
+ NO2
diene
dienophile
adduct
NO2
Q. Arrange the following dienes according to their reactivity towards Diels-Alder reaction
But
But But
&
Q. Following compounds are synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction, find out suitable dienes and dienophiles for their synthesis.
O
O CN CN
Me CO2Me CO2Me
MeO
Captan
(an industrial application of Diels-Alder reaction)
O H O NH3 + O O NH H O
O Cl S CCl3
CCl3
O
O O
H H O O
H H
'endo' adduct
HOMO
LUMO
HOMO
O
O
O
LUMO
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl D ie ldrin
Cl
Cl
A ld erin
Cl
Cl Cl
Cl
Cl Cl
O
Cl
O
O
flame retardent