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I I
I I
8L+ :: R
R R2 R RI
Fig. 7. Example of a nonconventional result: XR2 can be smaller than XRl.
TABLE VII: ZONE 3 SETIINGS(SEE FIG. 5), VALVES INPRlMARY OHMS.
Linea Ext. 1. Ext. 2
(Ext. 1.-
Ext.2J XR3 RR3 XR3 RR3
GUA-LM 18.01 19.58
21.92(1)
132*
LM-LA 7.55 19.88 44.89 88*
LA-PMT 5.18 11.32 7.36 15.32
LR-PMT 5.33 14.28 4.39 39.25
PLM-LR 8.26 43.46 4.19 132*
LCA-PLM 5.57 132*
8.43(1)
132*
LCA-GUA
21.92(1)
50.24 33.16 132*
LCA-LM 22.34 67.41
13.47(1)
132*
LCA-LR 6.05 132*
8.43(1)
132*
(*): These values were only limited by the line thermal capability.
(1): These values were not found by the criterion indicated in
section Il-E, since it was not being possible (the reactances would
be negative). To find them, the smaller reactance ofadjacent lines
was added to XL+ and the total value was multiplied by O. 75.
V. CONCLUSION
-A novel method for setting the resistive reach of
quadrilateral characteristics in distance relays was presented.
The method is based on the analysis of the apparent
impedance seen by the relay, and the explicit definition of
the protection desirable attributes for each analyzed zone.
-The proposed method was applied to an example with 18
distance relays and the resistive reaches for 3 relay zones
were calculated. The results obtained with the proposed
method were compared with a conventional simplified
solution. The conventional simplified solution is to set the
resistive reach by multiplying the reactive reach by a
constant factor . The results obtained with the proposed
method are substantially different since there are particular
solutions for each relay location.
-In the future, this work could be complemented of diverse
ways. For example, an analysis of other criteria to set the
reactive and resistive reaches could be done in order to study
the variations in the results. On the other hand, the effect of
the inclusion of more cases for the pre-fault load flows
should be studied.
REFERENCES
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[3] ABB, "Protective relaying. Theory and applicat ions," Marcel Dekker
Inc, 1994.
[41 R. Mason, ' T he art and science of protective relaying," John Wiley &
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[5] V. De Andrade, E. Sorrentino, "Revision bibliografica sobre los
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