Human Cloning Pros

1. Cloning has in fact been succefully tried on animals. Dolly the sheep is certainly
the most famous attempt to clone an organism mostly because it was the first successful one. in 1963, a carp was cloned by a Chinese embryologist and another decade later in 1986 the first successful mouse cloning had been cloned. Of course, then followed Dolly the sheep in 1996 and the rhesus monkey in 2000. In 2001, the first endangered species were cloned, namely Gaur and in the same year, Brazilian specialists managed to clone cattle. The first worlds cloned pet, CopyCat was cloned in 2001 and the first dog in 2005. There is evidence that larger animals have also been cloned along the time and some of them include horses in 2003, camels in 2009 and water buffalos in 2009.

Cons
1.

Negligence in preseving natural habit.Cloning could deter donations to help preserve

the natural habitat in which these wild species live. An unwritten rule in the world of animal conservation is that conserving the natural habitat in which these species live helps in preserving the species itself as it promotes reproduction. This in turn leads to the assumption that reproduction in captivity is therefore no longer needed to protect the species and this is why environmentalists and conservation biologists argue against cloning endangered species.

2.

Ethical issue dignity destruction.

2.

Solving organs limitations problems.

Currently in America, 2,300 of the 40,000 Americans who needed a new heart in 1997 got one. That means that approximately 94% did not receive one. This is just the heart we are talking about. Imagine the staggering number of organs that are needed in the world. For example; in the States, there are 36,000 patients waiting for an organ transplant. Also, about one third of these patients waiting will die because of the lack of available organs. Scientists believe that they can treat heartattacked victims by cloning their healthy heart and inject them into the areas that have been damaged. ( this method can be applied to other organs/ cells). By combining human steam cells technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed tissue for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, heart failure, degenerative joint disease, and other problems may be made curable if human cloning and its technology are not banned.

According to the Universal Declaration on Human Genome and Human Rights (UNESCO 1997) human cloning violates human dignity (A Dozen Questions (and Answers) on Human Cloning) 3. Destruction of embryos and cells.In cloning Dolly, it resulted in the death of many embryos and newborns before success achieved. (The Dolly experiment started with 277 fused eggs, of which only 29 became embryos. All the embryos were transferred to 13 sheep. 1 became pregnant with Dolly.) In addition, even if the human clone survived, it is not guaranteed that it would develop normally. Human can live on the Earth relies on the diversity of genes. And the diversity of genes comes from parents having different sets of genes. The most horrendous part of identical genes is that it will weaken our power and adaptations, which make us subjected to great diseases easily. In addition, human cloning is just copying identical genes, which means it will decrease the diversity of genes. Furthermore, the beauty of humanity lies in the differences we see each other. Cloning will eliminate surprise and predict expectancy

4.

Cloned human is prone to be extinct.

As all the human genes are identical, when one get infected with a severe disease, the others will obviously get the disease, which leads to the great disaster. Richard Nicholson of the British Bulletin of
Medical Ethics said that cloning research may well be sowing the seeds of our own destruction.

3.

Replicate extinct/ endangered species.

Some attempts took place in 2001 when a cow

5.

Cloned people are used as a means of

gave birth to a gaur, endangered Asian species but which died within few days. Moreover, a bateng had been cloned in 2003 as well as three African wildcats and these have given scientists hope that they might revive extinct species as well. 4. Solving infertility problems. Despite getting a fair amount of publicity in the news current treatment for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. One estimate is that current infertility treatments are less than 10 percent successful. Infertile couples have to go through physically and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children

creating wars, brand new weapons. What will happen to the earth if there is a cloned army of Adolf Hitler? 6. What do you think if you found out that you are just a clone? 7. Replicating extinct animals is a bad idea. Nichole Myers, a biologist for WIL Research,
studies cloning daily and the effects that it will have in the future, believes that cloning of endangered or extinct animals is a dreadful idea. If a species is reintroduced into a habitat that it isn't adapted for them, then it could throw off the entire ecosystem and cause another species to die out due to competition, or the reintroduced species could prey on another species causing them to die out of the environment (appendix A). Another reason that cloning of animals is bad, according to Tracey Rembert, writer for E magazine, is because if a species is cloned, the species could lose the genes that are resistant to a certain disease, and if a species is cloned many times, similar to what would happen to humans, cloning would weaken the genetic diversity of the animal's species (Rembert 15). If cloning takes place again and again, then the population would be living in one generation and evolution within our species will cease to exist

5. 6.

Cosmetic surgery innovation. Immortality!!! Wouldnt it be great if

you did not have to worry about getting old, or dying? Well with human cloning this is all possible. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the leading proponents of human cloning technology, suggests that it is possible to reverse the aging process because of what we learn from cloning. Cloning would help reverse aging by teaching us how to set our age back to 20. This is possible because each time a cell is cloned it is treated as a new cell with the age zero. Therefore, cloning would enable human beings to copy their cells and have the new ones with the age zero implanted into them when they are older. This would make them feel as if they were 20, but they really are 65.

ABORTION
PRO 1.Women have the right to control her own body 2. Personhood begins at birth, not at conception. Abortion is only the termination of pregnancy not a baby (biological fact). 3. If abortion is considered to be murder, how about the case of a 14 year-old girl has been raped and got pregnant? Must she keep the baby? Will giving birth threaten her life? 4. According to Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (England), fetuses are inacaple of feeling pains during the abortion. 5. If abortion is illegal, people still keep doing it in a more dangerous way. According to WHO, every year, the back-alley abortion cause 68,000 maternal death in the country where abortion is illegal. 6. Abortion give couple option not to bring the baby with severe or lifethreatening medical condition. It is wrong to bring a aby to with with an acute handicap. 7. Many women who choose abortion don't have the financial resources to support a child. A Sep. 2005 survey in the peer-reviewed journalPerspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health asking women why they had an abortion found that 73% of respondents said they could not afford to have a baby, and 38% said giving birth would interfere with their education and career goals. Reproductive choice protects women from financial disadvantage. 8. Abortion reduces crime.Teenage girls, unmarried women, and poor women are more likely to have unintended pregnancies, and since CON 1.Unborn babies are human beings from the moment of conception. They have a fundamental right to life, which must be protected. 2.The original text of the Hippocratic Oath, traditionally taken by doctors when swearing to practice medicine ethically, forbids abortions 3.Women should use contraceptives, not abortion, to avoid unwanted pregnancies 4.Abortion increases the likelihood of future miscarriages. A June 2003 study published by the peerreviewed International Journal of Epidemiologyestimated that about 15% of first-trimester miscarriages are attributed to a prior history of induced abortion 5. Fetuses feel pain during the abortion procedure. According to Kanwaljeet J. S. Anand, MBBS, DPhil, Professor of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Neurobiology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, "If the fetus is beyond 20 weeks of gestation, I would assume that there will be pain caused to the fetus. And I believe it will be severe and excruciating pain

unwanted babies are often raised in poverty, their chances of leading criminal lives in adulthood are increased.

Sex before Marriage: Okay?

Pro 1. Sex before marriage is ok if couple do it in safe and responsible manner. 2. For the vast majority of human history marriage was done for strategic alliance and without consent of the parties, especially the woman who was generally regarded as property. Marriage was originally designed to avert lawlessness and violence between competing males (BBC News) 3. Great sex is the fruit of love understanding and communication. It is also an important part of marriage. But Sex is not a fruit of getting married. Many marriages lack love and sex. Many loving relationships lack a marriage contract. 4. Sex is just as common and important, in human life, as eating, drinking, sleeping, and sheltering ourselves. People may choose to marry, or they may choose not to, just as they may choose to have sex or not. Con

1. Living together before marriage is immoral. Living together before marriage goes against many moral traditions that prohibit premarital sex. Living together generally involves sexual relations. This, therefore, can run contrary to the moral traditions of certain individuals, families, cultures, religions, etc.

2. Couples who do not have sex before marriage have happier more stable relationships and a more rewarding sex life, according to a new study conducted by the Brigham Young University's School of Family Life in Utah rated sexual quality 15% higher than people who had premarital sex rated relationship stability as 22% higher rated satisfaction with their 5. There is nothing immoral about relationships 20% higher premarital sex. Our perception of 3.Sex before marriage results in morality is derived from our cultural and higher divorce rates. Researchers social values, thus if young people from Yale University, Columbia voluntarily have sex before marriage, it University and the Institute for is their free decision in accordance with Resource Development at their values. Westinghouse revealed the divorce rates of women who have sex before marriage are nearly 80 percent higher than the rates of those who

do not

Gambling: a business or a crime?

Pro 1.People Freedom: gambling a leisure activity enjoyed by many millions of people. Governments should not tell people what they can do with their own money. Those who dont like gambling should be free to buy adverts warning people against it, but they should not be able to use the law to impose their own beliefs. 2. What is the difference between gambling and playing the stock market? In each case people are putting money at risk in the hope of a particular outcome. Gambling on horse-racing or games involves knowledge and expertise that can improve your chances of success. In the same way, trading in bonds, shares, currency or derivatives is a bet that your understanding of the economy is better than that of other investors. 3. Gambling can help in boosting the economy. If the gambling be legalized in a control manner in India, billions of rupees of black money involved in the illegal gambling activity can be made available to the legal economy. The Indian economy is already losing this precious revenue whether betting is legalized or not. When an area legalizes gambling it often boosts the economy. Casinos create new jobs and bring in tourists from outside the area Con 1. Gambling is bad: Gamblers may win money from time to time, but in the long run, the House always wins. Why should governments allow an activity that helps their citizens lose the money they have worked so hard to earn? The harm is not just the loss of money and possible bankruptcy; it causes depression, insomnia, and other stress related disorders. (Griffiths, Mark, Problem gambling, The Psychologist, Vol.16 No.11, p.582) 2. Gambling affect family: A parent who gambles can quickly lose the money their family depends on for food and rent. It is a common cause of family break-up and homelessness, so governments should get involved to protect innocent children from getting hurt.Each problem gambler harmfully impacts 10-15 other people. The internet makes it easy for gamblers to bet secretly, without even leaving the house, so people become addicted to gambling without their families realising what is going on until too late. ( Shaw, Martha C. et al., The Effect of Pathological Gambling on Families, Marriages, and Children) 3, Gambling is addictive: Humans get a buzz from taking a risk and the hope that this time their luck will be in, this is

similar to drug addicts.[ Hedwig, Johannes, Hypersensitivity to Reward in Problem Gamblers] The more people bet, the more they want to bet, so they become hooked on gambling which can wreck their lives 4. Increase crime rate: In cities that
legalize gambling, the crime rate often shoots up. This can be linked to people who have lost their money gambling. The large amounts of cash associated with gambling also prompt illegal activity.

Homosexual Marriage
Pros Gay marriages can bring financial gain to state and local governments. Revenue from gay marriage comes from marriage licenses, higher income taxes (the so-called "marriage penalty"), and decreases in costs for state benefit programs. The Comptroller for New York City found that legalizing gay marriage would bring $142 million to the citys economy and $184 million to the states economy over three years Gay marriage would make it easier for same-sex couples to adopt, providing stable homes for children who would otherwise be left in foster care. In the US, 100,000 children are waiting to be adopted. A longitudinal study published in Pediatrics on June 7, 2010 found that children of lesbian mothers were rated higher than children of heterosexual parents in social and academic competence and had fewer social problemsA July 2010 study found that children of gay fathers were "as well-adjusted as those adopted by heterosexual parents.As Washington Post columnist Ezra Klein argues, "We should be begging gay couples to adopt children. We should see this as a great boon that gay marriage could bring to kids who need nothing more than two loving parents. Marriage provides both physical and psychological health benefits, and banning gay marriage increases rates of psychological disorders. The American Psychological Association, American Psychiatric Association, and others wrote in a Sep. 2007 amicus brief, "...allowing same-sex couples to marry

would give them access to the social support that already facilitates and strengthens heterosexual marriages, with all of the psychological and physical health benefits associated with that support. A 2010 analysis published in theAmerican Journal of Public Health found that after their states had banned gay marriage, gay, lesbian and bisexual people suffered a 37% increase in mood disorders, a 42% increase in alcohol-use disorders, and a 248% increase in
generalized anxiety disorders.

Same-sex marriage is a civil right. The 1967 Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia confirmed that marriage is "one of the basic civil rights of man," and same-sex marriages should receive the same protections given to interracial marriages by that ruling. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), on May 19, 2012, named same-sex marriage as "one of the key civil rights struggles of our time." Legalizing gay marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or "family values," and society will continue to function successfully. A study published on Apr. 13, 2009 inSocial Science Quarterly found that "[l]aws permitting samesex marriage or civil unions have no adverse effect on marriage, divorce, and abortion rates, [or] the percent of children born out of wedlock..." The Executive Board of the American Anthropological Association found that more than a century of research has shown "no support whatsoever for the view that either civilization or viable social orders depend upon marriage as an exclusively heterosexual institution. Rather, anthropological research supports the conclusion that a vast array of family types, including families built upon same-sex partnerships, can contribute to stable and humane societies."

Children raised by homosexual parents perform just as good as normal kids. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatrys research, children of lesbian, gay, or transgender parents:

Are not more likely to be gay than children with heterosexual parents. Are not more likely to be sexually abused. Do not show differences in whether they think of themselves as male or female (gender identity). Do not show differences in their male and female behaviors (gender role behavior).

Cons
Same-sex marriage is against the Nature. According to a July 31, 2003 statement from the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and approved by Pope John Paul II, marriage "was established by the Creator with its own nature, essential properties and purpose. No ideology can erase from the human spirit the certainty that marriage exists solely between a man and a woman Chilren brought up by homosexual parents are likely to lead a homosexual lifestyle. Data analyzed by Psychologist Dr. Paul Cameron : 8.9% of children in

homosexual households became homosexual while only 2.4% of the children raised in heterosexual households became homosexual. In a subset of those studies, extracted because they reflect developed, not merely developing, homosexual orientation, Cameron found that 13.9% of the children raised in homosexual households became homosexual. This data clearly shows that children raised in homosexual households are about 4 to 5 times more likely to lead a homosexual lifestyle, then those raised in heterosexual households. In the 1997 book Growing up in a Lesbian Family: Effects on Child Development, Fiona Tasker, PhD, and Susan Golombok, PhD, observed that 25% of sampled young adults raised by lesbian mothers had engaged in a homoerotic relationship, compared to 0% of sampled young adults raised by heterosexual mothers. It does not create a family but a Sterile Union. Due to the aforementioned

statistics, more and more children are likely to live a homosexual life and get married to the same kind when they grow up. Consequently, the birth rate will greatly reduced as homo couple can not give birth. The increasing number of such cases will certainly lead to the unbalance of society .
Evidence:In a historic study of children raised by homosexual parents, sociologist Mark Regnerus of the University of Texas at Austin has overturned the conventional academic wisdom that such children suffer no disadvantages when compared to children raised by their married mother and father. His study was published in the journal Social Science Research. Children of lesbian mothers: Are more likely to be currently cohabiting Are almost 4 times more likely to be currently on public assistance Are less likely to be currently employed full-time Are more than 3 times more likely to be unemployed Are nearly 4 times more likely to identify as something other than entirely heterosexual - Are 3 times as likely to have had an affair while married or cohabiting - Are an astonishing 10 times more likely to have been "touched sexually by a parent or other adult caregiver." - Are nearly 4 times as likely to have been "physically forced" to have sex against their will - Are more likely to have "attachment" problems related to the ability to depend on others - Use marijuana more frequently - Smoke more frequently - Watch TV for long periods more frequently - Have more often pled guilty to a non-minor offense Children raised by a lesbian mother were 10 times more likely to have been "touched sexually by a parent or other adult caregiver" (23% reported this, vs. only 2% for children of married biological parents), while those raised by a homosexual father were 3 times more likely (reported by 6%) -

Same-sex marriage is not a civil rights issue, and conflating the issue with interracial marriage is misleading. Matthew D. Staver, JD, Dean of the Liberty University School of Law, explained: "The unifying characteristics of the protected classes within the Civil Rights Act of 1964 include (1) a history of longstanding, widespread discrimination, (2) economic disadvantage, and (3) immutable characteristics... 'Sexual orientation' does not meet any of the three objective criteria shared by the historically protected civil rights categories."